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Thesis-1968D-M379a.Pdf (1.706Mb) ASSOCIATION OF BEEF CARCASS CONFORMATION WITH CARCASS COMPOSITION By Everett L. Martin ~ J Bachelor of Science Oklahoma State University Stillwater, Oklahoma 1963 Master of Science Oklahoma State University Stillwater, Oklahoma 1965 Submitted to the Faculty of the Graduate College of the Oklahoma State University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY May, 1968 OKLAHOMA STATE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY OCT 25 1968 ASSOCIATION OF BEEF CARCASS CONFORMATION"'. WITH CARCASS COMPOSI~ION _Thesis Approved: 688488 ii ACKNOWLEDGMEN'.l'S The author expresses his sincere appreciation to Dr. Lowell E. ·· ·· Wal~ers, Professor of Animal Science, for his assistance and guid~c, during the course of this investigation and in the preparation of· this thesis. Grateful acknowledgment is also extended to Dr. J, V. Whiteman, Professor of Animal Science, and Dr. R. D. Morrison, Professor of Mathe­ matics, for .their assistance concerning the analyses and interpretation of the data. Further appreciation is due Dr. R~ L, J-J,enrickson, Professor of Animal Science, Dr. George V. Odell, Professor of Biochemistry and Dr, D.R. Peterson, Professor of Veterinary Anatomy• for serving on the author's adivsory:comm.ittee. Appreciation is also extended to Mr, Dwight F. Stephens, Superin- tendent, Fort Reno Livestock Research Station, for his cooperation in caring for experimental animals, In addition, the author thanks Mr. Forrest Little; the late Mr. H. Clay Potts and Mr. James R. Fleming for their encouragement and help during his stay at Oklahoma State University. Jim, I will miss the breakfast club. The writer also wishes to express his appreciation to his parents, Mr. and Mrs. Ernest L, Martin, wife, Gloria, son, Mark and daughter Erin.for their interest and encouragement throughout this course of study. iii TABLE OF CONTENTS Chapter Page I. INTRODUCTION • . 1 II. LITERATURE REVIEW 4 Conformation. 4 Breed differences • 6 Symmetry ..... 8 Relationships among muscles ' 9 Prediction .•.. ' 10 III. MATERIALS AND METHODS 18 Phase I 18 Phase II 22 Phase III 25 Shear data 26 Statistical analyses . 27 IV. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION • 30 Phase I 30 Phase II 37 Phase III 48 Prediction equations pO Summary of carcass composition pre­ diction equations ..... 92 Prediction equation tests, ~ , 96 Prediction ~quation tests summary, 107 V. SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS. 109 LITERATURE CITED 114 iv LIST OF TABLES Table Page I Description of the CaJ;"cass Gropps Utilized .in this Study • • • • _.. • • • • • • • • • , •• 19 II Description of ";J,thic,k .. Musclesi and .}luscle... Systems to Include Wholesale Cut and Scientific Muscle Nomenclature ... 21 III Feedlot Ration Composition • • 0 • 24 IV Comparison of Average Carcass Characteristics: Phase I • . • • . 31 V Average Percentage Yields of Thick and Thin Muscle and of Total Muscle, Fat and Bone: Phase I • • . 33 VI Carcass Component Ratios: Phase I • . 0 • • 35 VII Means and Standard Errors of Means for Some Production and Carcass Characteristics: Phase II • . , . , . 40 .VIII Associations Between Carca1;1s Conformation and Days on Feed with Respect to Percentage Carcass Components and Ratios: Phase II 44 IX Associations Between Carcass Conformation and Days on Feed with Respect to Percentage Indi­ vidual Muscles and Muscle Systems and Carcass Component Yields by Quarter: Phase II 45 X Associations Between Carcass Conformation and Days on Feed with Respect to Percentage Dis­ tribution of Thick Muscle: Phase II 49 XI Means and Standard Errors of Means for Some Production and Carcass Characteristics: Phase III • , . • . 51 XII Associations Between Carcass Conformation and Percentage Carcass Components and Ratios: Phase III • . • . 53 v Table Page XIII Association Between Carcass Conformation and Percentage Individual Muscles and Mqscle Systems and Carcass Component Yields by Quarter: Phase III •............•. 55 XIV Association Between Carcass Conformation and Per­ centage Distribution of Thick Muscle: Phase Ill . • • . 58 XV Pooled Correlations Between Selected Dependent Variables and Various Carcass Traits Within U.S.D,A. Good and Standard Conformation Grade Carcasses 63 XVI Pooled Correlations Between Selected Dependent Variables and Various Carcass Traits Within U.S.D.A. Prime and Choice Conformation Grade Carcasses 64 XVII Correlations Between the Selected Independent Variables Used in the Multiple Regression Equa­ tions and the Dependent Variables Within the U.S.D.A. Standard and Good Carcass Conformation Grades . O o O 'r o • o o O O O O .. 65 XVIII Correlations Between the Selected Independent Var­ iables Used in the Multiple Regression Equations and the Dependent Variables Within the U,S.D.A. Choice and Prime Conformation Grades . 66 XIX Correlations Among the Selected Independent Variables Used in the Multiple Regression Equaq tions for Standard and Good Carcass Conformation Grades • , 68 xx Correlations Among the Selected Independent Variables Used in the Multiple Regression Equa­ tions for Choice and Prime Carcass Conformation Grades o ., • o o • o o o o • • o • • • ·o • 4 ., • 69 XXI Means and Standard Deviations for Carcass Charac­ teristics Used in Developing Multiple Regression Equa t ions . • . 70 XXII Multiple Regression Equations for Estimating Thick Muscle Calculated Within U.S.D.A. Standard and Good Conformation Grade Carcasses from Data Obtained From the Carcass and Round ..... 72 vi Table Page XXIlI Multiple Regression Equations for Estimating Thick Muscle Calculated Within U.S.D.A. Standard and Good Conformation Grade Car­ casses from Data Obtained from the Carcass 73 XXIV Multiple Regression Equations for Estimating Thick Muscle Calculated Within U.S.D.A. Choice and Prime Conformation Grade Carcasses from Data Obtained from the Carcass and Round . 74 XXV Multiple Regression Equat;ions for Estimating Thick Muscle Calculated Within U.S.D.A. Choice and Prime Conformation Grade Carcasses from Data Obtained from the Carcass , ..• , . 75 XXVI Multiple Regression Equations for Estimating Thin Muscle Calculated Within U.S.D.A, Standard and Good Conformation Grade Carcasses From Data Obtained from the Carcass and Round . 77 XXVII Multiple Regression Equations for Estimating Thin Muscle Calculated Within U.S.D.A. Standard and Good Conformation Grade Carcasses from Data Obtained from the Carcass .•. , , . 78 XXV+II Multiple Regression Equations for Estimating Thin Muscle Calculated Within U.S.D.A. Choice and Prime Conformation Grade Carcasses from Data Obtained from the Carcass and Round . 79 XXIX Multiple Regression Equations for Estimating Thin Muscle Calculated Within U.S.D.A. Choice and Prime Conformation Grade Carcasses from Data Obtained from the Carcass . , . 80 XXX Multiple Regression Equations for Estimating Total Carcass Muscle Calculated Within U.S,D.A. Standard and Good Conformation Grade Carcasses from Data Obtained from the Carcass and Round 81 XXXI Multiple Regression Equations for Estimating Total Carcass Muscle Calculated Within U.S.O.A. Standard and Good Conformation Grade Carcasses from Data obtained from the Carcass 82 XXXII Multiple Regression Equations for Estimating Total Carcass Muscle Calculated Within U.S.D.A. Choice and Prime Conformation Grade Carcasses from Data Obtained from the Carcass and Round 83 vii Table Page XXXIII Multiple Regression Equations for Estimating Total Carcass Muscle Calculated Within U.S.D.A. Choice and Prime Conformation Grade Carcasses from Data Obtained from the Carcass ~ .. 84 XXXIV Multiple Regression Equations for Estimating Fat Calculated Within U.S.D.A, Standard and Good Conformation Grade Carcasses from Data Obtained from the Carcass and Round ...•.... 87 xxxv Multiple Regression Equations for Estimating Fat Calculated Within U.S.D~A. Standard and Good Conformation Grade Carcasses from Data Obtained from the Carcass .. , ...... , .. , 88 XXXVI Multiple Regression Equations for Estimating Fat Calculated Within U.S.D,A. Choice and Prime Conformation Grade Carcasses from Data Obtained from the Carcass and Round .... , . , . · 89 XXXVII Multiple Regression Equations for Estimating Fat Calculated Within.U.S.D.A. Choice and Prime Conformation Grade Carcasses from Data Obtained from the Carcass . 90 XXXVIII Multiple Regression Equations for Estimating·Bone Calculated Within U.S.D.A. Standard and Good Conformation Grade Carcasses from Data Obta;i.ned from the Carcass and Round ...... 91 XXXIX Multiple Regression Equations for Estimating Bone Calculated Within u.s.n~A. Standard and Good Conformation Grade Carcasses from Data Obtained from the Carcass ..........•.. 93 XL Multiple Regression Equations for Estimating Bone Calculated Within U.S .D .A. Choice and PrJme Conformation Grade Carcasses from Data Obtained from the Carcass and Round •... , . • . 94 XLI Multiple Regression Equations for Estimating .Bone Calculated Within U.S.D.A. Choice and Prime Conformation Grade Carcasses from Data Obtained from the Carcass •.....•.•.••• , 95 XLII Selected Multiple Regression Equations Applied to Carcass Groups 8, · 9 and 10 · . 98 XLIII. Description of Equation Codes Used in Table nrr O O ,ft O O O O O ·o O O O O O 1' O o O Q o O ,0 11 99 viii Table Page XLIV Percentage and Absolute Means and Standard De­ viations for the Three Maj or Tissues Within the Prediction Equation Conformation Groups and the Three Test Groups. , •............. 100 XLV Comparison of Actual and Various Predicted Values for Total Muscle Within and Across Three Breeds or "Types" of Carcasses . • . 102 XLVI Comparison of Actual and Various Predicted Values for Total
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