’s Tactics in Building and Maintaining His Kingdom of Darkness

Why are the unreached peoples still unreached? Is it because we haven’t understood Satan’s strategy, his schemes to blind and enslave whole peoples? If so, this article will help us understand our enemy and effectively hold his power in check and to liberate whole peoples on the face of the earth. By John Robb ost Christians feel a kind Satan’s Overall Program ence over government leaders, legal systems, educational systems, and M of reticence in considering Satan is a highly organized, intel- the operation of Satan and his religious movements. Admittedly, ligent spirit being dedicated to Scripture is not entirely lucid as kingdom. There is a hesitation, a destroying human beings made in kind of trepidation on our part to delve to how these spirits are organized or the image of the Creator he hates. He is how they operate, but there is into this unknown dark area of the master deceiver and the author reality we would prefer to avoid. None- enough Scriptural warrant to make of idolatry, seeking to bring the whole some conclusions regarding this. theless, it is part of the spiritual world under his dominion by warfare with which we must daily undermining faith in God, twisting Both Israel and the early church contend as believers, and so we values, and promoting false ideolo- perceived that God had given his would do well to understand as much gies. He does this through infiltrating angelic hosts a special role in the as we can since, in war, it may institutions, government adminis- administration of human affairs. prove disastrous to be without accurate trations, communications media, educa- The rendering of Deute- intelligence of the enemy and his ronomy 32:8 says, “He set the forces. Granted that we do not want to tional systems, and religious bodies. He seeks to divert humankind bounds of the peoples according to give way to an unhealthy fascina- from worship of their Creator the number of the angels of God.” tion with this realm, we must still be through substitution of money, fame, Biblical scholar F.F. Bruce writes, willing to venture into it with the power, pleasure, science, art, poli- “The biblical evidence for the light of Scripture, the leading of the tics, or religious idols. His three-point angelic government of the world is Holy Spirit and without fear early: it goes back to the song of because we have nothing to fear. Jesus agenda is deception, dominion and destruction. The ultimate objective is to in Deuteronomy 32. . . .This said, “I have given you authority to reading implies that the adminis- tread on serpents and scorpions and gain such control over nations and governments so that eventually he can tration of the various nations has over all the power of the enemy been parcelled out among a corre- and nothing shall be able to hurt you” turn them against one another through the destruction of war and/or to sponding number of angelic (emphasis mine Lk. 10:19). His powers.”1 In , these powers disciples returned from their first turn them against their own citizens in selective murder. We might think of reveal themselves as both good and encounter with the demonic realm evil. the Archangel is joyfully exclaiming, “Even the demons the genocidal crimes of Hitler, Stalin and Saddam Hussein, or the “the great prince” who has charge of are subject to us in your name!” the people of Israel, looking after (Lk. 10:7) And the Apostle John massive killing of the unborn through legal abortion practiced their interests in the unfolding of encourages us that “Greater is he history (Da. 12:1). The messenger that is in us than he that is in the world” increasingly in our own and other societies. of the Lord, presumably , is (1Jn. 4:4). True, we can live in detained by the “prince of Persia” blissful ignorance of our enemy and his against whom he must fight. The tactics like children too afraid to Satan Works Through Controlling prince of Greece is also venture into a darkened attic, but with Spirits mentioned. Apparently these last two the light of God’s word and faith in Although Satan is not omnipresent or high-level angelic powers were his guidance and protection, we will standing in resistance against the discover in a new way the power omniscient, he is a master networker who works through a vast revelation made to Daniel about and prerogatives Jesus has given his the future of God’s people Israel. followers to joyously and victori- organization of spirit beings who ously deal with the forces of darkness. apparently communicate with each Theologian Walter Wink wonders at the power of these evil beings who In this article we will endeavor to other and work in some sense coop- eratively to undermine humanity’s are able to hold God’s messenger better understand this opaque dimen- back for 21 days: sion in order to more effectively encounter with the kingdom of God combat it in light of Scripture and the in every way they can. Towards this The angels of the nations have a Spirit around the world. end evil spirits attempt to get influ- will of their own and are capable of INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FRONTIER MISSIONS, VOL 10:4 OCT. 1993 174 Satan’s Tactics resisting the will of God. God is perhaps meaning of Molech, god of the armed forces to ensure continued omnipotent but certainly not able to Ammonites, is “ruler.” He managed American political and economic impose the divine will on recalcitrant to get such control over the people of dominance over weaker nations. powers due to God’s own self- Ammon that they offered their first- Commenting on the blind alle- limitation: God will not violate the freedom born children to him as sacrifices by giance so many citizens give to their of creatures.2 fire.3 Chemosh, the national god of national self-interest, he writes, How and why did some of the angels , possibly means “subduer,” What makes nationalism so pernicious, so turn against the Lord their Creator? perhaps a reflection of the degree of death-dealing, so blasphemous is its We don’t know exactly but may dominion he had obtained over this seemingly irresistible tendency towards surmise that they joined Satan in his people, as well as of the successes idolatry. In the name of this idol, rebellion and since that time have he gave Moab in wars against their whole generations are maimed, slaughtered, become foes of God and the nations enemies.4 Heinrich Schlier writes of exiled, and made idolaters. One of humankind whom they seek to these fallen spirit beings: hundred million lives have been offered on hinder rather than to help. In much the altar of this Moloch, thus far in the Principalities do not merely possess 20th Century.8 of the Old Testament we probably see power; they are power. . . pure power. . . their baleful influence as the false capacity, dominion in person. . . these Wink, Berkhof and others help us “gods” of the nations the gods of Egypt, principalities exercise their being by taking to see that the powers of evil are still the Amorites, Canaanites, Edom- possession of the world as a whole and very much with us, injecting their ites, etc. whose worship, Israel was of individual men, the elements, political influence upon and in our culture, warned, would bring oppression, and social institutions, historical public opinion, ideology, coloring conditions and circumstances, spiritual and our assumptions, worldviews, values, slavery, foreign invasion and poverty 5 (Judges 6:6 and 10:6-16). The Lord religious trends. and behavior. As Christians who is portrayed as bringing judgement In referring to Paul’s teaching in want to rightly discern the activity of upon the gods of Egypt under Romans 8, Hendrik Berkhof the powers of darkness in our Moses (Ex. 12:12) and “driving out concurs with the idea that the principal- society, Berkhof helpfully suggests nations and their gods” from before ities and powers seek a totalitarian “The church’s great question is Israel during the conquest (2 Sam. form of control: always which Powers are now attempting to get life under their 7:23). Of course, in relation to Paul observes that life is ruled by a 9 Yahweh, the incomparable Creator, series of Powers. He speaks of time control.” they are not really gods but only (present and future) of life and death; demons impersonating deities of politics and philosophy; of public Are They “Territorial Spirits”? worshipped through the medium of opinion and Jewish law; of pious tradi- idols. “For all the gods of the nations tion and the fateful course of the stars. We might ask whether these are idols, but the Lord made the Apart from Christ man is at the mercy spirit powers are “territorial spirits” as heavens” (Ps. 96:5), and in 95:3, he is of these Powers.6 they have been described in current referred to as “. . .the great God, the Missionaries of today can also literature. Certainly geographical terri- great King above all gods.” Later the give testimony to the kind of control toriality is part of how Scripture apostle Paul acknowledges the that these spirit beings have over describes their influence. The Canaanite reality of these spirit beings and their pagan peoples. The late Ernest Heim- god, , who was a continual deception of the Gentiles (the bach, formerly a pioneer missionary scourge to Israel because of Israelite nations), whose sacrifices to idols are to the Hmong tribe in Thailand, involvement in Baal worship, had made to demons (1Co. 10:20) and described for me how the chief several localities named after him, e.g., who are “slaves to those who by nature spirit of the tribe dominated it for centu- Baal-Peor, Baal-Gad, Baal- are not gods” (Gal. 4:8). Scripture, ries, using the fear of sickness, Hermon, etc. “The etymology suggests therefore, seems to indicate that these death, attack by evil spirits, and also that Baal was regarded as the owner corrupted angels have joined opium addiction to keep the people of a particular locality. . . . [Since] Lucifer in seeking to deceive the in his grip.7 these local were believed to nations so that they will not recog- Lest we think these demon gods, control fertility in agriculture, beasts nize the true God. or these controlling spirits, these princi- and mankind. It was highly impor- palities and powers are only still tant to secure their favor”10 (emphasis operative in far off pagan tribes, we mine). This was accomplished Their Agenda: Achieving Dominion need to take a hard look at our own through ritual prostitution, child sacri- Domination and control appear to society and culture. Aside from Charles fice and other detestable activities. be the main objectives of these demon Manson, Jim Jones and the Branch (Ju. 2:17; Jer. 7:9 and 19:5) “gods” which the apostle Paul Davidians which seem more obvious Continually the Lord warned appropriately calls “principalities,” examples of demonic deception, Israel through his prophets to forsake “powers,” “thrones,” “dominions.” what about our own national policy and worshipping foreign gods like these The acquisition of power and influence culture? Theologian Walter Wink if they wanted to remain in their land, over human beings and their socie- urges us to discern the demonic otherwise God would bring the ties seems to be their obsession. This installed at the heart of our own peoples against them in judgment dominating nature may be revealed national policy, infiltrating the CIA, “against this land and its inhabi- in their very names. For example, the government administration, and tants. . . this whole country will become

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FRONTIER MISSIONS John Robb 175 a desolate wasteland” (Jer 25:9). When Snakes and the handling of reptiles higher and lower levels who influenced judgement finally came upon them, were associated with the cults of events on earth. He also points out a primary reason God gave for this both these gods. An ancient coin from that Near Eastern nature religions of judgement was that “they have Pergamum shows the emperor, Paul’s day also believed in a hier- defiled my land with the lifeless forms Caracalla, standing before a great archy of demonic beings arrayed at of their vile images and have filled serpent twined around a tree and various levels between God and the my inheritance with their detestable saluting it in the manner for which the world. But he stops short of identifying idols.” (Jer. 16:18) Other nations Nazis later became known.11 Spiri- a definite hierarchical structure in who were guilty of enshrining false tual territoriality probably does take an Paul’s depiction of the powers since the gods on their territory also incurred urban form but a more subtle form functions and names of the various his wrath. The prophet Zephaniah than is often recognized in the spiritual terms Paul uses (“principalities,” mentions how God will be warfare movement. Whether we “powers,” “thrones,” “dominions”) awesome to the Moabites and Ammon- can identify the spirits over cities as are never clarified: “We rather have the ites when he “destroys all the gods “greed” for New York City, impression that Paul means to of the land” (Zep. 2:11). Philistine lords “power” for Washington, or “pornog- suggest broadly by the variety of were told that if they returned the raphy” for Los Angeles, as one expressions the number and diver- Ark of the Covenant to Israel, the Lord American evangelist recently did, is sity of the powers.”13 F.F. Bruce agrees. might “lift his hand from Commenting on Colos- you and your gods and your sians 1:16, he says, “They land” (1Sam. 6:5). At least Satan and his henchmen do not care probably represent the in the understanding of highest orders of the angelic Yahweh’s prophetic about real estate per se, but are realm, but the variety of spokesmen there was a link ways in which the titles are between the “gods” and the extremely interested in those combined in the New land which was activated by or Testament warns us against the reinforced by the worship who own and live on it. attempt to reconstruct a of false gods. fixed hierarchy from them.”14 In the New Testament Walter Wink has geographical territoriality is only hinted highly questionable. After all, demonstrated that the terms Paul used at. The mob of demons speaking aren’t these just the sins of some of the in describing the powers were the out of the Gadarene demoniac begged people who live in those places? same ones used to describe human Jesus that they “not be sent out of Couldn’t greed be equally applied to authority in the New Testament.15 the country,” perhaps because that was Los Angeles as to New York? Or Because human authority is generally the territory to which they had been pornography to Washington as well as organized in a hierarchical manner, assigned. (Lk. 8:26-39) In Acts 19:35 to Los Angeles? Undoubtedly, perhaps Paul also conceived of the the Ephesian city clerk attempted to much of the discerning of “territorial spirit world in an hierarchical quiet the screaming mob by affirming: spirits” is both oversimplified and manner, but we must not categorically “The city of Ephesus is the guar- naive. Satan may be having a good assume this to be the case. Are dian of the temple of the great Artemis laugh on us! there other models which may give us a and of her image which fell from better handle at understanding their heaven.” The fact that the mob had organizations? Given their anarchic been shouting in irrational unison Are They Organized self-centeredness and total for about two hours, “Great is Artemis Hierarchically? depravity as fallen spirit beings, could of the Ephesians,” may indicate I believe we must be careful of they instead operate like a band of some kind of collective possession by a making unwarranted assumptions about unruly guerrillas or an urban street “territorial spirit” though Scripture the way in which the principalities gang, terrorizing, vandalizing, and itself does not make this analysis. and powers are organized. One of the running on to the next place where an Other cities mentioned in the most frequent of such assumptions opportunity presents itself to vent are described as having connec- is that they compose a hierarchy in a destruction? In this case they would be tions with Satan or demonic gods. pyramidal sense with Satan at the constantly deploying and rede- Pergamum, location of one of the seven top and various gradations of spirit ploying to take advantage of unfolding churches of Revelation, was “where beings ranked in descending order situations. Just as terrorists or Satan has his throne” and “where Satan down to “ground-level” spirits, the kind vandalists’ activities are affected by the lives” (Rev. 2:13). It was a known that oppress and possess individ- arrival of soldiers or the police so center in the ancient world for the uals. The idea of a possible hierarchy these roving bands of evil spiritual worship of the spirit of Rome. In stems from attempts to decipher the forces are put to flight by the inter- declaring allegiance to the emperor, apostle Paul’s understanding of the vention of God in answer to the prayers citizens burned incense at the foot principalities and powers. Berkhof of his people. Does not this fit more of his statue. Also, Dionysius, god of argues that the apostle was influenced with the apostle Peter’s description of vegetation, and Asklepios, god of by Jewish apocalyptic writings Satan as “prowling around like a healing, were worshipped locally. which conceived of classes of angels on roaring lion, seeking someone to devour” (1Pe. 5:8-9)?

VOL 10:4 OCT. 1993 176 Satan’s Tactics Clearly, as Heinrich Schlier has has identified the national principality who was prepared to sell his soul to demonstrated, the apostle Paul had that reigns over the whole country. authorities other than Yahweh.”22 no interest in speculating about the spir- It is a being known as Phra Sayam Instead of saying “the devil made me itual powers’ organization and oper- Devadhiraj, which means “greatest do it,” we may need to change the ation. (Perhaps that should serve as a of the guardian angels of Siam.” It is saying to “we made the devil do it!” caution to us as well.) He finds that believed this deity has kept Thai- The Israelites not only forgot the names Paul gives to the powers are land from being overrun by invaders. their God and served the Baals and “to a large extent interchangeable,” The king and queen preside over a Ashteroth, the gods of other that is, principalities, spirits, demons, royal homage-paying ceremony, with nations, they refused to listen to God’s gods, princes, etc. are all used of the whole nation joining in the prophets, despised His statutes and one another. Schlier finds only one worship of this spirit, whose image covenant and stubbornly opened the distinction emphasized among resides on a throne in the royal door for satanic occupation of their them. Whether demons, spirits or prin- palace.21 society. The Bible lays the blame cipalities, they are all subordinate to We can conclude that Satan squarely upon the Israelites them- Satan and manifest his power: “The works to exercise dominion through a selves rather than on Satan: numerous powers all derive from vast organization of other spirit All this took place because the Israe- one fundamental power which is called beings. But whether he and his spirit Satan; they may be regarded as lites had sinned against the Lord their henchmen operate as a network, God.… They worshipped other gods emanations and affects of that power.”16 hierarchy or a more free-flowing opera- and followed the practices of the nations.… He may be right. Perhaps we should tion, we cannot definitively surmise They did wicked things that provoked think of Satan and the demons as being from Scripture, though the beliefs of the Lord to anger. They worshipped idols more closely joined together. Most animistic peoples support a hierar- though the Lord had said, You shall likely, given their extradimensionality, chical point of view. Certainly, they are not do this. They would not listen and were they can be both many and one at stiff-necked… . They rejected his “territorial,” but I prefer to use the decrees and the covenant he had made…. the same time. How else could up to term “controlling” since the achieve- 6,000 demons (the size of a Roman They followed worthless idols and legion) inhabit the Gadarene demoniac ment of control is the essence of themselves became worthless…. They their purpose and since they seek and speak with one voice “My name forsook all the commands of the Lord control not primarily over their God…. They bowed down to all the is Legion for we are many” (emphasis geographical areas, but first and fore- starry hosts…. They sacrificed their mine, Mk. 5:9)? most over people and all that sons and daughters in the fire. They prac- Though we must be careful of concerns them politically, institution- ticed divination and sorcery and sold constructing a theology of the spirit ally, culturally, religiously, etc. In themselves to do evil in the eyes of the Lord (2 Ki. 17:7-17 emphasis mine). world based on pagan belief systems, other words, they do not care about real the possibility of a hierarchy of estate per se, but are extremely The same principle is operating today. spirits may be borne out by the percep- interested in those who own and live on John Dawson writes: tions of animistic peoples. Animists it. Both as many and as one, they Satan is an invader and usurper operating in believe in a hierarchy headed by a participate in the destructive agenda of our territory. God did not give demons supreme god, who is remote and the one Jesus said was a “liar and authority over your city. Demons have unknown, and in a pantheon of lesser murderer from the beginning.” For this infested the earth’s atmosphere since deities, superior spirits who exer- reason alone we need to gain a before the creation of mankind, but they cise great power over a wide range of better understanding of how they get can only extend their authority into a town or institution when people sin.23 affairs. Beneath these are the lesser control over individuals and socie- and the more immediate spirits of their ties and peoples. One Christian worker who served ancestors, and finally, the evil in Mauritania thinks the people there spirits.17 The Burmese, believe in nats, have opened the door to a “spirit of supernatural beings arranged hierar- Active Compliance of Human Beings divorce” through serial polygamy and chically with control over natural Since the original episode in the adultery. The tragic result is child phenomena, villages, regions, and garden (Gen. 3) where the original abandonment, leading to severe malnu- nations.18 The cult of guardian spirits in humans allowed Satan to get trition and death of many children. northeast Thailand involves both control over them through deception, The main obstacle to spiritual growth village and regional spirits, the village sadly the whole history of our race for the tiny number of Christians is ones being subordinate to the attests to human cooperation with Satan temptation through divorce and adul- regional.19 In India, Hindu goddesses and his evil spirits to gain control tery. Three national believers of the serve as “guardians” of villages and over individuals and societies. Indeed, estimated twenty in the country have regions. They are often associated with one theologian places the blame for already fallen away from the faith disease, sudden death and catas- the fall of angels on humanity rather for this reason, and the marriages of trophe.20 Kali, goddess of destruction, is than the other way around: “The expatriate Christians have also been a regional deity widely recognized fall of angels must not be seen indepen- troubled.24 to be over West Bengal and the Bengali dently from the sin of man. . .the After World War II, German people. two are interwoven. The angels fell pastors mentioned the role of the A missionary in Thailand believes he because they were tempted by man demonic in the events which befell

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FRONTIER MISSIONS John Robb 177 their fatherland: “You cannot under- Through Deception And False speak their will. Clan members fear to stand what has happened in Mindsets leave the clan territory without Germany unless you understand that we In keeping with his character as the asking the permission of these spirits were possessed by demonic arch liar and the father of lies, and must wear charms for protec- powers... We let ourselves be Satan’s major strategy for the world tion, and continue appeasing them daily possessed.” (emphasis mine.) Theo- involves massive deception. “He wherever they happen to be living.28 logian Walter Wink believes that has blinded the minds of unbelievers to Referring to 2 Corinthians 10:3-5, demons became “the actual spiritu- keep them from seeing the light of Francis Frangipane says, “There are ality of Nazism manifested in the polit- the of the glory of Christ.” (2Co. satanic strongholds over countries and ical forms of the Hitler Youth, the 4:4) His most pernicious attacks are communities. There are strongholds SS [Hitler’s bodyguard], Gestapo, the directed at the minds of people, and in which influence churches and individ- unwitting cooperation of churches, this effort he “masquerades as an uals. Wherever a stronghold exists the ideology of Aryan racial purity, and angel of light” (2Co. 11:14). Time it is a demonically induced pattern of the revival of Norse mythology.” Magazine, in reviewing the film thinking (emphasis mine)... a He also mentions the “collective The Exorcist, observed that the devil ‘house’ made of thoughts which has possession” prevalent in modern become a dwelling place of satanic times in which “the demonic has taken activity.”29 Culture is made up of many the form of mass psychosis,” when commonly held patterns of humankind en masse gives itself up to Far more dangerous thinking, developed through genera- 25 evil. tions and passed down to children The reverse of the above is also true. and destructive are the as the normative way in which a society McCandlish Philips writes: operates. For example, the Japa- “Fidelity to God and his Word breaks shared wrong notions nese, though outwardly highly techno- the power of evil spirits and erects logical and materialistic, are still barriers to Satan. This can be true in a about reality with which bound up with occultism. Two-thirds of life, in a home, in a nation.” He the population attend Shinto relays the story of the failed attempt by shrines, every school child carries an the Theosophical Society in 1926 to hundreds of millions of amulet, and Shinto priests dedicate bring the Hindu guru, Krishnamurti, to each new building.30 The recent corona- prominence in America as a “world human beings live. tion for the new emperor called for teacher” who would combine all relig- ritualized intercourse with the sun ions into one and make radical goddess, the national deity of the changes in American civilization. After presented therein was an “easy country.31 he arrived in New York harbor, he devil.”27 Far more dangerous and complained of “electrical atmospheric destructive are the shared wrong The Bozo people of Mali believe intensity” and said he doubted he notions about reality with which it is necessary to sacrifice animals and would be able to meditate successfully. hundreds of millions of human deformed people, such as albinos, Plans to speak throughout the beings live. The apostle Paul warns to ensure the blessings of the spirits for country were cancelled when he both the Galatians and Colossians abundant harvests. When twins are became incoherent, stripped of the about being “taken prey” by deceptive born, they kill one or both of them powers that had worked for him in philosophies and becoming slaves since, in their belief system, two India, and complained of “bad again to the “elemental spirits” (Gal. people cannot share one spirit. An atmospheric conditions prevailing in 4:3 and Col. 2:8-9). The book of animistic Bantu population in this country.” He ultimately went Revelation depicts worldwide Satanic Somalia believe the land will not yield into seclusion and renounced his preten- deception which results in gath- an abundant harvest without the sions as a new messiah. God had ering all the nations for that last great shedding of human blood. To guarantee put a hedge about America with his battle of Armageddon. (Rev. 16:12- the fertility of a field, all the men people’s faithfulness and general 14) rush to meet each other at its center to commitment of the wider society to Richmond Chiundiza describes beat each other with clubs. Thus, numerous injuries and deaths provide keeping His ways.26 how in Zimbabwe the demonic powers came to inhabit the Shona people’s enough blood to bring a good Would that this were still the case in harvest.32 our society! Unfortunately the legends concerning the Nehanda and general unfaithfulness and disobedience Chaminuka, two of their heroes Cindy Jacobs, a noted intercessory to God’s ways have opened the way from the past. Through the phenom- prayer leader, characterizes the Western for a literal invasion of evil spirits in enon of spirit possession, the spirits mind-set as being: various forms of Eastern mysticism, of these heroes are now being consulted a stronghold that Satan has built within the the New Age Movement, and especially by Zimbabwean government offi- culture of the United States and other through declining moral standards cials. Other demonic spirits inhabit the countries that denies the supernatural and relating to honesty, integrity and sexual legends of the Shona clans relegates reality to what can be proven purity. requiring animal sacrifices, festivals scientifically or what can be known by the and the possession of individuals to physical senses. The result upon the Western church is one of disbelief of the

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work of territorial spirits, thus Satan’s Pol Pot exterminated two million of his Ed Silvoso mentioned a spiritist kingdom is protected from attack by own Cambodian people. Hitler, group in Argentina who made a disbelieving Christians.33 Stalin, Saddam Hussein, Jonas pact to break up a church by praying Indeed, this may be one of the Savimbi, Slobodan Milosevic and for strife among its leaders. In my devil’s most effective subterfuges, many others could also be mentioned. own community of Upland, California, blinding Western Christians to the Spirit mediums are Satan’s efforts have been made by spiritists way he operates by getting us to buy “hatchet men,” human instruments by connected with a New Age cult to curse into an unbiblical, materialistic which he extends his dominion and local churches and their pastors in worldview valued by the rest of our tightens his control in a society. Simon order to bring division or other harm to culture. the sorcerer was an instrument of the congregations in this area. Satan to get control over the people of Fortunately, the presence of praying Specific Ways Satan Maintains Samaria. “All the people both high Christians interrupts, or breaks alto- And Strengthens His Control and low gave him their attention and gether, the link of mediums with their exclaimed ‘this man is the divine controlling occult powers. Mediums 1. Through Animistic Practices power known as the great power’ as he in the Malaysian town where I served Animism, which Philip Steyne calls amazed them with his magical as a missionary were unsuccessful the “basic underpinning of all non- powers” (Ac 8:10). Elymas, a sorcerer in calling the spirits to possess them biblical religions,” is the search for and false prophet, used his influ- during the period a Chinese Chris- power sources by which man may ence to oppose proclamation of the tian worker was waiting for the bus manipulate the spirit world to get what Good News to the proconsul of outside their festival grounds. The he wants and to control his environ- Paphos by Paul and tried to turn him mediums eventually came out and ment and destiny so that he becomes, as from faith in Christ (Ac 13:6-11). appealed to her to leave the area so it were, his own god (cf. Gen.3). In Peter Wagner mentions the case of a that the spirits could come into them! A all religions and cultures animists former high ranking occult leader Ghanaian pastor told me that the manipulate spirit beings to make in Nigeria known as “St. Thomas the witch doctor in the area they were evan- rain, get abundant crops, get a new job, Divine” to whom Satan assigned gelizing lost his occult abilities get healed, become fertile or pass control of 12 spirits, each of which once the local Christians began to pray school exams. Employing shamans, controlled 600 demons, a total of in unity for the area. More will be charms and rituals, they seek over 7,000. Occult practitioners played said about the power of this kind of protection from disease, evil spells, a part in the early rise of Hitler and praying. catastrophes, and witchcraft. Baal Nazism. Erik Hanussen was a dealer in worshipers of old, and modern-day 3. Through Places or Objects Set Apart astrology who ran “The Palace of for Infestation by Spirits New Agers alike, seek success, the Occult” and was known as the happiness and security through the “prophet of the Third Reich” A missionary friend from Thailand, involvement and manipulation of because of his influence over its devel- Joy Boese, described the increasing spirits, often not realizing they are the opment.36 Filipino shamans or spiritual oppression she felt, accompa- real ones being manipulated.34 are experts in things relating to nied by an inexplicable apathy on 2. Through Human Intermediaries spirits. They claim the power to the part of the people with regard to the Satan uses political leaders to heal or kill, to prepare amulets for gospel. “Spirit pillars” had just been carry out his agenda for a whole warding off evil spirits and erected in her town. She writes, society. Leaders of Israel such as procuring blessings. From our local people I’ve learned Jeroboam “drove Israel from following According to Cindy Jacobs, that many cities have a protective and the Lord and made them commit Satanists and witches, a Western form ruling/controlling spirit residing in a great sin” (2 Ki. 17:21-22). On the part of spirit mediums, send people to recognized pillar. The provincial governor of his people he created an idola- purposefully seduce pastors and leaders decides to erect a pillar and invites a of Christian churches. In so doing spirit to come and inhabit that pillar to trous cult involving the worship of two protect his city or province.39 golden calves which launched the they use spells, love potions and northern state of Israel into a downward charms. They use magic to “hunt Pam Seaward, another missionary spiral, culminating in its destruction the souls of men” (Eze 13:17-23) friend from Nepal working among by Assyrian invaders. It was widely through divination. They also use Tibetan Buddhists, described her known that Ferdinand and Imelda the tools of unholy intercession and the confrontation with a “god” of Marcos of the Philippines were deeply unholy fast to unleash demonic Tibetan Buddhism, who appeared to her involved in the occult through daily powers to distress Christians. Very as she was praying for the people. consultations with a soothsayer and that dedicated to their lord, they serve She rebuked its ugly image, but it Cory Aquino did not want to live in him either through fear or a desire for remained because as it explained, the same palace because she felt there power. The higher their rank in the “My things are here.” Seaward discov- were evil spirits there. Is it any satanic church the more demonic ered Tibetan Buddhist religious wonder then that the Marcoses powers they control. In cooperation paraphernalia which her landlord had exploited their own people of with the spirits they can bring curses left in a nearby closet. Until she got billions of dollars, intensifying the upon the unsuspecting, even rid of the demon’s “things,” it would poverty and suffering of millions. harming the physical body.37 not leave.40

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An Argentine woman during a deliv- order to increase Satanic power.44 the lives of several of his first erance session revealed how spirits Ted Gunderson, former FBI converts.46 had obtained a right to control her. Her director for Los Angeles, shocked the In order to keep us from interfering doctor had sewed microscopic participants of a seminar on occult with his dominion, Satan seeks to fetishes inside her flesh through which crime with his claim that the FBI has neutralize the power of God’s people spirits connected with the Brazilian over 100,000 “missing persons” in by attempting to “wear out” the Macumba temple influenced her by their files, half of which he estimates saints through discouragement, infir- “spiritual remote control.”41 Peter have ended up as victims of occult mity, discrediting ministers and Wagner concludes, “Real demons do sacrifice.45 Even if he is only ten ministries, and especially bringing divi- attach themselves to animals, idols. percent correct, it is cause for grave sion in the church. He also seeks to . . trees, mountains, and buildings as concern. destroy our family relationships. As well as to any number, or variety of Hector Torres, an Arizona pastor manufactured and natural objects.”42 If 5. Through Blocking God’s People from Interfering With His Dominion puts it, “I believe Satan’s tactics are to spirit beings are “extradimensional” destroy the three institutions estab- as we saw above, attaching themselves As we have already noted in lished by God: the family, the church to any number of objects at the passing, the prophet Daniel faced a and the nation.” Torres especially same time because they have been set “great conflict” as powerful spirit emphasizes Satan’s attack on families apart for this purpose, should since they are “the founda- present no problem to them. tion for all relationships.”47 No wonder God through Prayer and the power of the Moses commanded Israel not to bring any detestable things Holy Spirit are used by God to Ways to Overcome Satan and into their homes because of the His Tactics destructive effects they More than one Biblical expos- would bring upon them. The overthrow demonic forces seeking to itor has interpreted the book ruthless actions of reformer of Joshua as portraying in the kings like King Josiah to rid the gain or maintain control over physical realm what the land of the high places, church is to do in the spiritual. shrines and other occult objects individuals and societies. Just as Joshua and the people used in the worship of of Israel took the “territory” foreign gods now become fully under- beings sought to prevent his receiving a which God had given them in the standable. (Dt. 7:25-26 and 2Ki. 23) revelation which would cast a spot- land of Canaan, so God’s people today light on the purposes and plans of the are to take back “territory” from 4. Through Rituals of Worship—At principalities and powers in their Times Involving Human Sacrifice Satan and the forces of darkness. Jesus future interaction with political realms. has told us,“Occupy till I come.” Rituals of worship to the spirits are It was a word which also revealed The implication is that we are to be an one way their control is strength- God’s sovereignty over all these future influence for him in our jobs, in our ened. In parts of West Africa, human events, as well as a warning to his communities, wherever we find sacrifice is sometimes used to gain people Israel regarding the dangers of ourselves. As Kraft has put it: stronger power with the spirits. The deception and the need to prepare Lebu of Senegal are believed to for persecution (Da. 10-12). We are involved in the battle. Jesus enlisted us to fight taking territory away from make such sacrifices on an island off As we have already intimated, the coast. They are perceived by the evil one. This fight is, however, the controlling principality of Ephesus primarily on the individual level. other tribal groups as having, as a worshiped as Artemis may have result, inordinate degree of polit- There is also territory to take relationally, stirred Demetrius the silversmith and socially, organizationally, geographi- ical, economic and spiritual power. The his trade union members to Dionka tribe of Mali worship cally, and perhaps in other transindividual provoke a riot in order to hinder the areas.48 Komo, the god of killing. Local Chris- spread of the truth. Also, Satan is tian workers told me that in some spoken of as hindering Paul’s mission Joshua’s question could well be areas strangers have been killed in plans (1Th. 2:18) and throwing asked of us also, “How long will sacrifice to this god.43 Christians into prison and tribulation you wait before you begin to take Lest we think that our culture is more (Rev. 2:10). And in 1 Peter 5 he is possession of the land that the Lord advanced or immune from such portrayed as the roaring lion, who has given you?” There are at least four practices, Dianne Core, founder of brings suffering to the saints. ways which we as Christians can overcome Satan and his tactics in order Child Watch, writes of Devilfish, a A YWAM missionary from Principe, coven of satanists connected with the to take back territory from his Sao Tome reported an encounter domain. Ordo Templi Orientis, a national with a demonic prince. This spirit being organization in the United States with threatened him and the fledgling over 40 branches. Their book, the church to stop their missionary activi- Through Intercessory Prayer Secret Rites of OTO, gives instructions ties in his area. Subsequently, an on how to do human sacrifice in There is considerable evidence outbreak of cholera tragically claimed both biblical and in the history of the

VOL 10:4 OCT. 1993 180 Satan’s Tactics church that prayer and the power of the Wesley Duewel described to me the invites us, “Ask of me and I will make Holy Spirit are used by God to agonizingly slow work of his the nations your inheritance and the overthrow demonic forces seeking to mission’s church-planting efforts in ends of the earth your possession” (Ps. gain or maintain control over indi- India during its first 25 years. Only 2:8). Ezekiel reveals that God looks viduals and societies. One key to one church per year came into being as for someone to “stand in the gap” for Joshua’s victory over Israel’s a result of all the missionaries’ the land. (Eze. 22:30) And through Canaanite enemies, all of whom relied efforts. As a result of heart-searching Isaiah the Lord says he has posted upon demonic gods, was his evaluation, the mission recruited watchmen on Jerusalem’s walls prayerful dependence on the Lord’s 1,000 people in their home countries to who will “never be silent day or night,” intervention on Israel’s behalf at pray 15 minutes per day for the giving themselves and the Lord no Jericho, Ai and in other crucial battles. work. He reports that this prayer effort rest “till he establishes Jerusalem and It was the intercession of Samuel turned the tide, and in the next few makes her the praise of the earth” that brought God’s thunderous response years, the number of churches went (Isa. 62:6-7). against the Philistines, throwing from 25 to 550 and the number of Why does God, the Almighty, them into such a panic that they were believers from 2,000 to 73,000. One routed before the Israelites. The “limit” himself by reliance on his national leader told him afterwards, people’s prayers? Admittedly, it is a territory the Philistines had captured “All of us are seeing results beyond from Israel as well as neighboring mysterious matter, but I believe it goes anything we could have back to his giving humankind territory was restored to God’s people imagined!”52 (1Sam. 7:7-14). Judges like Gideon, dominion of the earth. This dominion, and kings such as David, Jehoshaphat, The great revival and ingathering as we have seen, both at the fall of and Hezekiah experienced God’s among the Telugu “outcastes” of India man and subsequently, has been surren- deliverance and the reclamation of terri- is linked with what happened on dered to Satan and his demonic tory due to their dependence on “Prayer Meeting Hill,” an elevated area cohorts. But through Christ’s redemp- God through prayer. overlooking the city of Ongole. In tion, this dominion is being 1853, when their mission board was on restored. And through prayer, we as his Prayer in the power of the Holy the point of abandoning the work redeemed people, reassert our God- Spirit always undergirded and extended for lack of response, a missionary given dominion over the world, ruling the missionary outreach of the early couple and three national and reigning with Christ “far above church. In the book of Acts alone coworkers spent the night in prayer for all authority and dominion” (Eph. 1:21 prayer is mentioned over 30 times, the Telugus. They battled through and 2:6). Through believing prayer, usually before major breakthroughs in to a sense of shared assurance that their we open the door for God’s interven- the expansion of the first church. prayers had prevailed. Gradually tion in our troubled world. The Looking back over the history of Chris- the opposition to the gospel broke and Holy Spirit shows us how to pray, tianity, Robert Glover observed, when the outpouring of the Spirit indeed, prays through us in accor- “All the mighty spiritual revivals which took place, 8,000 came to Christ in a dance with God’s will. (Rom. 8:26-27) constitute the mountain peaks of six-week period. In one day over Indeed, Jesus has given us a virtual missionary annals had their roots in 2,000 were baptized and the church blank check to exercise through united prayer.”49 Jonathan Goforth, there became the largest in the prayer with other believers: “Again missionary to China, described the world.53 I tell you, that if two of you on earth powerful spiritual awakenings agree about anything you ask for, it which brought many tens of thousands David Yonggi Cho, pastor of the world largest church, recounts the will be done for you by my Father in to Christ in Korea and China during heaven.” And “I will do whatever the early part of this century. It was demonic oppression over the Korean village where he pioneered you ask in my name. . . . You may ask “intense believing prayer that had me for anything in my name and I so much to do with the revival which in during his early ministry. The key to the breaking of spiritual bondage will do it” (Mt. 18:19 and Jn. 14:13-14, 1907 brought 50,000 Koreans to emphasis mine). Christ. We are convinced too that all was months of prayer, culminating movements of the Spirit in China in the casting out of a demon from a In Mark 9, when confronted by the which have come within our own expe- woman who had been paralyzed for need to exorcise an evil spirit, Jesus rience may be traced to prayer.” He seven years. With her healing and told the disciples, “This kind cannot be relayed how one missionary remarked deliverance, the church exploded driven out by anything but by to him, “Since the Lord did so with growth. As he puts it, “The sky prayer.” (v. 29) If this holds true for the much with our small amount of above the village was broken open demonization of individuals, does it praying, what might he not have and the blessings of God began pouring not also hold true for the spiritual done if we had prayed as we ought?”50 down.”54 oppression of societies? That is Hudson Taylor, founder of the why united, believing prayer by God’s China Inland Mission, wrote to people is so important for the Goforth, as he was planning to Why does God Require Prayers? breaking of demonic bondage over launch a new work in Honan Province We learn from Scripture that the cities and nations. In this connec- in China, “Brother, if you are to prayer of intercession is key to the tion, Hendrik Berkhof speaks of the gift win that province, you must go forward fulfillment of God’s gracious purpose of the discerning of spirits which on your knees.”51 for the peoples of the earth. He God gives to his people as they pray:

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“This involves especially the discerning by the cross of Jesus?. . . that when a bound territorial spirits over Russia of the Powers which hold the hearts person turned to Jesus the power of during special prayer meetings at and actions of men under their sway in Satan was bound in that person’s life. That Red Square and, by implication, made specific times and places.”55 when a city experienced revival Satan possible glasnost, peristroika and could no longer rule in that city.58 Dick Eastman described the part the great Russian revival! Glamorous focussed prayer played in a litera- It seems reasonable that such an stories of this kind often appear in ture distribution effort which Every exceedingly important matter would glossy newsletters usually sent out to Home for Christ carried out. In one have been taught more openly and raise funds for the activities they community where they distributed liter- modeled clearly for us somewhere in describe. ature, they experienced a ten the New Testament. Instead we see The downfall of Communism in percent response without prayer. Jesus and the early disciples focusing the former Soviet Union and the Another place their energies on ministry to people amazing spiritual where the staff openness involving prayed for the for Paul meant a battle millions is, I am community as a convinced, God’s whole, there was for the souls and minds of human beings that they sovereign answer a 55 percent response to the prayers of tens rate. In a third of thousands of community, where might be saved, brought from darkness to light Russian Christians the staff prayed who suffered and for each home as they and made into all that God meant them to be. prayed for decades distributed the while imprisoned literature, eight out of in Stalin’s gulags. ten families responded.56 One of these, Pastor Nikolai, told and only when necessary dealing with me of his many long years in a cell demons as they manifest them- without sunlight and without a A Word of Caution and Critique selves, normally in individuals. Their Bible or book to read. When I asked focus is never intentionally on the what he spent his time doing, he Though we mention the importance demonic. It always seems incidental to of the discerning of spirits in said, “I prayed for this city.” Is it any their main mission, the proclama- wonder that the city for which he connection with intercessory prayer, we tion of the Good News of the Kingdom need to exercise caution when it poured out intercession is now an to human beings. Paul urges that epicenter of spiritual revival? comes to focusing offensively against the subject of prayer be people, espe- or “binding” principalities and cially for kings and others in Of course, the Lord can and will use powers. Scripture never explicitly authority so that “all men will be saved the prayers of American jet-setters teaches that we do this nor do we and come to the knowledge of the as he will those of any of his people see examples of this in the ministries of truth” (1Ti. 2:2,4). As we have seen who pray. However, let us not be Jesus, Paul or other biblical figures. above, this kind of praying has guilty of oversimplifying the deliver- Tom White, a writer on “spiritual brought astonishing results in terms of ance of spiritual bondage, providing warfare,” shares his own hesitation spiritual revival and the reclama- instant, easy solutions so in keeping about this aspect: tion of individuals and whole societies with our American culture of I am aware of no explicit model from from the dominion of darkness. convenience when local believers have Scripture that depicts a servant of God not only travailed in prayer but also moving in direct confrontation with a The pain-free, easy approach to suffered great hardships over many high-level supernatural power. In light of putting “territorial spirits” to flight years. this, I come at the topic with more advocated by some Western, especially questions than answers.57 American, prayer leaders who see We should also carefully heed Jude’s themselves as operating on the “stra- warning about those who “slander B.J. Willhite, of the National Prayer celestial beings” (Jude 8). Even the Embassy, has written: tegic level” can be presumptuous and dangerous. Presumptuous because Archangel, Michael, spoke respect- It does not seem that the apostles spent we can make unwarranted claims fully to Satan, “The Lord rebuke you,” much time teaching people about these for a one-to-one correlation of our not daring to “bring a slanderous unseen forces. Not once that I am prayers and a specific political or accusation against him” (v.9). If God aware of did Peter, Paul, James, or John. . leads us to bind principalities of .instruct that Christians were to iden- historical change, taking credit for that tify these spiritual forces and command change, when in reality the evil in prayer, it must be done carefully them to be bound… . How can we dynamic interplay between Divine, and respectfully. The safest posture account for this lack of understanding on human and demonic factors in the absence of clear Scriptural the part of the early disciples? Had involved in every such change is much warrant is to take a cue from the Jesus left them in the dark about such more inscrutable. And the danger Archangel. Like him, ask the Lord to do things? Were they too immature for of spiritual pride, the very sin of which the binding and the rebuking. After the Holy Spirit to reveal things of this Lucifer was guilty, is always all he is “Lord of hosts,” the only one nature to them? Or did they perhaps present. For example, some American whom Satan and the demons fear believe that Satan’s power had been broken intercessors have declared that they and must obey.

VOL 10:4 OCT. 1993 182 Satan’s Tactics Spiritual warfare for him meant a battle ture of the territorial spirits. . . The Proclaiming Christ’s Good News for the souls and minds of human church must preach a liberating beings that they might be saved, gospel and be involved in the subse- It is clear from the that the brought from darkness to light and quent power encounter.”62 primary purpose of Jesus’ ministry made into all that God meant them to was the itinerant proclamation of the be (Ac.26:17-18 and 2Co.2:12-15). Good News of the kingdom. He In this pursuit, the aim of Paul’s Living God’s Way was always hastening to move on to preaching was to demolish “strong- Obedience to God and his standards other towns which had not yet holds,” wrong patterns of thought in his is a potent part of spiritual warfare. heard his message for, as he explained hearers which were due to Satanic Often we define spiritual warfare in too to the disciples, “That is why I have deception (2Co. 10:3-4). This task narrow a sense. Actually, Scripture come” (Mk. 1:38-39). It was only in the involved persuading people course of preaching and out of seems to take a much broader, more through reasoning with them from holistic view. The apostle Paul compassion for their victims that he God’s truth. took on the demonic realm. His looked back on his entire life as a work of exorcism usually happened in a Jesus made it clear that filling the servant of Christ as being a “good reactive, responsive way when vacuum in a person’s life after an fight” (2Ti. 4:7). He describes his demons manifested themselves and in evil spirit is evicted must happen to struggle to serve God as requiring order to free those who were held in avoid worse demonization in the “great endurance; in troubles, hardships bondage. His focus was clearly on liber- future (Lk.11:24). Tom White reflects, and distresses; in beatings, impris- onments and riots; in hard work, sleep- ating people, not getting embroiled What good does it do to push back the in a “strategic level” confrontation with enemy if the territory is not occupied? less nights, in hunger; in purity, the powers of darkness. The Indian Penetration of strongholds that understanding, patience, and kindness; missionaries of the Friends Missionary loosens the grip of false gods and procla- in the Holy Spirit and in sincere Prayer Band told me they never go mation of the truth that leads to salva- love; in truthful speech and in the looking for the demonic, it always finds tion must go hand in hand…. Before we power of God; with weapons of them as they busy themselves with plunge into active resistance and righteousness in the right hand and in proclaiming the Good News. When it weakening of ‘territorial spirits’ (in the the left (emphasis mine); through hopes that success here will inevitably confronts them, as it invariably glory and dishonor; bad report and result in a positive change in the human good report; genuine, yet regarded does, they deal with it in the course of populous), we must consider that the as impostors. . .beaten and yet not their evangelism efforts. B.J. Will- greatest point of bondage may rest with the hite agrees: wickedness of the human heart killed; having nothing and yet 60 possessing everything” (2Co. 6:4-10). What is this war about? Is it not taking itself. Spiritual warfare for Paul encom- souls which have been held captive by Charles Finney, the American Satan? We do not release them by revivalist, often insisted that prayer passed all these things as all were speaking to Satan. We release them when together with the sharing of necessary in his war against the prince of darkness to win the peoples to we tell them the truth about Jesus… . Christ’s truth is the combination that It seems to me that there is a danger in Christ. making the binding of such spirits the God uses to bring spiritual revival. prerequisite for harvest. Jesus did not tell God uses our prayers to restrict forces The apostle enumerates here in 2 his disciples to go into all the world of evil and our proclamation of Corinthians, and elsewhere in his and bind demonic powers in the heavenlies. Christ’s Good News to fill the vacuum epistles, his manifold struggles. These He said preach the Good News to left by their departure. demonstrate the costliness of true 59 every person. It is through preaching the Good spiritual warfare as opposed to the very The apostle Paul had a similar News of Jesus Christ that the prin- narrow idea that has recently been approach to ministry. He spent two cipalities and powers are exposed for promulgated by some American prayer years in preaching and teaching at what they are. Their power of illu- leaders who have it down to essen- Ephesus until “all the Jews and Greeks sion by which they seek to control tially a “no fuss, no muss” approach. In living in the province had heard the humanity is broken. As Berkhof their thinking spiritual warfare word of the Lord” (Ac. 19:10). This states: consists only of “strategic level” preaching led to deliverance of praying against spirits. But in people from the power of darkness Unmasked, revealed in their true taking this line, could we be guilty of when many burned their sorcery nature, they have lost their mighty grip on oversimplifying and over spiritual- books and articles publicly. Only later, men. The cross has disarmed them; izing the matter of spiritual warfare in a when Demetrius and the other wherever it is preached, the unmasking and way it was never meant to be? Isn’t craftsmen felt threatened and were the disarming of the Powers takes it strange that we hear of no “high-level provoked into rioting against the place. Though they are still present, where intercessors” being dispatched to Christians was there anything Christ is proclaimed and believed in, the areas of the world which are being approaching a confrontation with a they are limited in what they can do.61 most ravaged by the murderous “high-level spirit” (vs. 23-41). The Richmond Chiundiza agrees that schemes of the principalities and apostle’s concern was to proclaim our focus must be on reaching people: powers, namely Somalia, Sudan, the gospel of Christ and spread the “The mistake churches sometimes Angola, or Bosnia? These are the kind knowledge of him everywhere. make is to attack the system and struc- of difficult places where the apostle

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65 Paul would have been found in his day. and her cohorts. 17. Philip Steyne, Gods of Power Rather we hear much about warfare Like the children of Lewis’ (Houston, TX: Touch Publications, going on in safe, easy areas such as imaginative series, we also have 1989), p.72 Argentina, North America, and nothing to fear because our Lord 18. Melford Spior, Burmese other relatively comfortable, secure has “all power in heaven and on earth” Supernaturalism (Philadelphia: Institute environments. and gifts and enables those who for the Study of Human Issues, Israel was continually told their join the fray against the dark powers of 1978) primary responsibility was to obey our world. There is no doubt who 19. S.J. Tambiah, Buddhism and the Lord, to be careful about following has ultimate power and control and the Spirit Cults in Northeast Thailand his ways, and he would take care of where true victory lies in spite of (New York: Cambridge University their enemies. “If my people would the tactics employed by the evil one. Press, 1970), pps. 263-284 May God give us true discernment listen to me, if Israel would follow 20. David Kinsley, Hindu my ways, how quickly would I subdue and childlike boldness in taking up Goddesses: Visions of the Divine Femi- their enemies and turn my hand these weapons he has put at our nine in the Hindu Religious Tradi- against their foes” (Ps. 81:13-14 cf Ex. disposal. Hallelujah! Christ is Victor! tion (Berkeley: University of California 14:14 and Dt. 1:30). McCandlish Press, 1986), pps. 197-98 Philips believes that obedience to God Reference 21. In a letter from Frank Schaftner in and his word is the main bulwark of 1. F.F. Bruce, The Epistle to the August 1989 defense Christians have against the Hebrews (Grand Rapids, MI: Eerd- 22. Rob Vander Hart, The Theology of devil. He notes that satanic takeover mans), pps. 32-33 Angels and Devils (Notre Dame: of a nation begins with its people being Fides Publishers, 1972), p. 87 drawn away from faith in God and 2. Walter Wink, Unmasking the 23. John Dawson Taking Our his word. Secondly, it moves on to Powers (Philadelphia: Fortress Press, 1986), pps 90-91 Cities for God (Lake Mary, FL: Crea- increased indulgence in sin; thirdly, tion House, 1989), p. 79 false worship and supernaturalism; and 3. Merrill C. Tenney, ed., fourthly, tyranny and dictatorship. Zondervan Pictorial Encyclopedia 24. From a conversation with David He suggests that America is in the third (Grand Rapids, MI: Zondervan Robinson in the fall of 1990 stage now. How important it is for Publishing House, 1975), Vol 4, p.269 25. Wink, Unmasking the Powers, us as Christians to live as God would 4. Ibid, Vol. 1, p.786 p.54 have us live. It may be the most 5. Heinrich Schlier, Principalities 26. McCandlish Phillips, The Spirit potent form of spiritual warfare we can and Powers in the New Testament World (Wheaton, IL: Victor Books, practice! As Heinrich Schlier puts (New York: Herder & Herder, 1962), 1970), pps. 21-24 it: pps 19-20,67 27. Quoted in Lynn Buzzard’s The struggle against the principalities 6. Hendrik Berkhof, Christ and the “Introduction” to Montgomery, J.W. fundamentally begins with and in myself. If Powers (Scotdale, PA: Herald ed., Demon Possession (Minneap- I am to resist and drive out the devil Press, 1977), p.22 olis: Bethany Fellowship, 1976), p.22 and not merely to strengthen his power, the 7. From a conversation with 28. Richmond Chiundiza, “High- struggle can only be waged by Ernest Heimback November 27, 1990 Level Powers in Zimbabwe” in denying myself to him, and choosing and 8. Wink, pps. 50-52 Wagner, Peter, ed., Territorial abiding in truth, justice, peace and Spirits (Chichester, England: Sovereign 9. hope…. The evil one is powerless against Berkhof, p.63 World Ltd, 1991), p.123 the sacrifice of ourselves in godly 10. Zondervan Pictorial Encyclo- 29. Francis Frangipane, The Three living and, if necessary, in death for pedia, Vol. 1, pps. 431-32 Christ’s cause.64 Battlegrounds (Marion, IA: River 11. Ibid, Volume 4, p. 702 of Life Ministries, 1989), p.21 12. From a personal conversation 30. Conclusion From a conversation with Paul with Hugh Ross on September 17, Ariga, a Japanese evangelist in the In C.S. Lewis’ The Chronicles of 1993. For discussion of “Extradimen- spring of 1990 Narnia, four children crawl timorously sionality” see his book, The Finger- 31. Carl Schoenberger, “Akihito and through a wardrobe into a whole print of God (Orange, CA: Promise Final Ritual of Passage” Los new dimension of reality they were not Publishing Co., 1989) Angeles Times, November 23, 1990, aware of before. It is a world domi- 13. Berkhof, pps. 14-16 Vol. 109, p. A4 nated by the evil White Witch, who 14. F.F. Bruce, Commentary on 32. From a 1990 an unpublished holds all its creatures in bondage the Epistle to the Colossians (Grand through the cold winter of fear. The paper by Bruce Brandshaw of Rapids, MI: Eerdmans, 1965), p. World Vision International, Monrovia, four children themselves initially 198 feel intimidated by her dominion. But CA 15. later they realized that Aslan, the See Walter Wink, Naming the 33. From unpublished notes of Cindy Power (Philadelphia: fortress Press, great lion, has the ultimate power and is Jacobs sent to the author in 1984) for an extensive analysis of November 1990 their friend, ready to deliver them these terms. and to gift them so that they can join 34. Steyne, pps. 17,46 16. him in the battle against the witch Schlier, pps. 14-15 35. Peter Wagner “Territorial Spirits”

VOL 10:4 OCT. 1993 184 Satan’s Tactics and unpublished paper for academic 46. From a conversation with dean 56. From an oral presentation by Dick symposium on Power Evangelism, Sherman of Youth With A Mission Eastman to the Spiritual Warfare Fuller Seminary, December 13-15, in August, 1990 Network consultation in 1991 and to be 1988, p.4 47. From unpublished notes sent mentioned in his upcoming book, 36. Phillips, p.27 to the author by Hector Terres in “The Jericho Hour” to be published in 1994 37. Cindy Jacobs November, 1990 57. Tom White “Considerations for 38. Ed Silvoso, “Spiritual Warfare in 48. Charles H. Kraft “Two Kingdoms Argentina and the Plan Resistencia” in Conflict” a paper originally Discernment: Developing a Metho- an unpublished paper from the Spiritual presented in the Spiritual Warfare dology for Identifying Spiritual Strong- Track of Lausanne II July, 1989, holds” an unpublished paper for the Warfare Track of Lausanne II July Spiritual Warfare Network consultation 1989, p.2 pps. 13-14 November 30, 1990, p. 1 39. In a letter from Joy Boese 49. Robert H. Glover, The Bible 58. B.J. Willhite, “Dangers and March/April 1987 Basis of Missions (Chicago: Moody, 1946), p.180 Pitfalls of Spiritual Warfare” an 40. From a conversation with Pam unpublished paper for the Spiritual 50. Seaward in Kathmandu, Nepa in Jonathan Goforth, By My Spirit warfare Network consultation January 1991 (New York: Harper and Brothers, November 30, 1990, pps. 4-5 1930), pps. 184-185 41. Silvoso, p.1 59. Ibid, p.5 51. Quoted in Wesley Duewel, 42. Peter Wagner, Warfare 60. White, pps. 3-4 Mighty Prevailing Prayer (Grand Prayer (Ventura, CA: Regal Books, 61. Berkhof, p. 39,43 1992), p. 79 Rapids: Francis Asbury Press, 1990), p. 250 62. Chiundiza, p. 126 43. From a conversation with Enoch 63. Phillips, pps. 20-21 Coulibaly in Southern Mali during 52. From a telephone interview March, 1991 with Wesley Duewel in September, 64. Schlier, pps. 61-62 1990 65. 44. Dianne Core “We are in the C.S. Lewis, The Lion, the middle of Spiritual Warfare” The new 53. Glover, p. 181 Witch and the Wardrobe (New York: Collier Books, 1950) Federalist, October, 1989, p. 15 54. Paul Yonggi Cho “City 45. From a workshop on occult crime Taking in Korea” in Wagner, Peter put on by the Ontario, California Territorial Spirits, pps. 117-118 John Robb works with World Vision Police Department in 1990 55. Berkhof, p.47 International, in Southern California,

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