Great Barrier Island Aotea Brochure
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AUCKLAND Further information Great Barrier Aotea / Great Barrier Island Base Private Bag 96002 Island/Aotea Great Barrier Island 0961 Hauraki Gulf Marine Park PHONE: 09 429 0044 EMAIL: [email protected] www.doc.govt.nz Published by: Department of Conservation DOC Aotea / Great Barrier Island Base Private Bag 96002 Great Barrier Island October 2019 Editing and design: DOC Creative Services, Conservation House, Wellington Front cover: Aotea Track. Photo: Andris Apse Back cover: Kākā landing in a pōhutukawa tree. Photo: Leon Berard This publication is produced using paper sourced from well-managed, renewable and legally logged forests. R153740 Contents Aotea and Ngāti Rehua Aotea and Ngāti Rehua .................1 The island renown Ridge to reef ..........................2 The west coast ...........................3 Aotea is the ancestral land of the The east coast ............................3 Ngāti Rehua hapū of Ngāti Wai. It is Marine life ................................4 the southeastern outpost of the tribal rohe of the Ngāti Wai iwi. Seabirds ..................................4 Rich history ..........................5 Although each island, islet and rock has its own individual character and identity, Aotea is Mining ...................................5 viewed as a single physical and spiritual entity Whaling ..................................6 over which a ‘spiritual grid’ lies. At its centre Shipwrecks ...............................6 stands Hirakimata (Mt Hobson), the maunga Historic buildings. 6 tapu of Ngāti Rehua. To the north of the island Kauri ..................................... 7 is Nga Tara Tara o Toi (Needles Point). To the west is Rangiahua Island (Flat Island) and Living treasures .......................8 Mahuki Island (Anvil Island). To the east is Native and endemic plant life .............8 Kaitoke Kohatu, with Motu Tohora to the south. Reptiles and amphibians ..................9 The southernmost landmarks of Ngāti Wai are Marine life ...............................9 the Manaia and Ruahine mountains that stand above Rangitawhiri/Tryphena. Birds ....................................10 The memories, traditions and identity of a Wild spaces. 12 people with one thousand years of ancestral associations are captured in this pepeha/ Detailed map of tracks on proverb, which dates back to the early arrival Great Barrier Island/Aotea ............14 of the Aotea canoe. Aotea Track .........................16 Hirakimata (Mt Hobson) Aotea whakahirahira Aotea the island summit tracks .......................18 Aotea taonga maha of renown Whangaparapara area tracks ..........22 Aotea utanganui Aotea the island of many treasures Port Fitzroy area tracks ...............24 Aotea of the Okiwi/Harataonga area tracks .........26 bountiful cargo Help look after the Hauraki Gulf .......28 Photo: Eugene Polkan y, Aiguill e ra es gl Isl a an E d . Ridge to reef P h o t o : K i Aotea lies on the outer edge of the The west coast m Hauraki Gulf Marine Park – our W Forest-covered ranges meet e s t national park of the sea. The Marine the coast in a maze of bays, e r s k Park extends over an area of 1.2 million islands and indented fiords o hectares of coast, marine environment formed from flooded river v and islands. It is protected because its valleys, such as the spectacular natural and cultural heritage is rich, drowned valley system of Port Fitzroy. Boating, fishing and sea kayaking diverse and unique. are popular activities here, and you can explore Aotea and the Hauraki Gulf were formed at the end fascinating heritage sites, such as the old whaling of the last ice age when volcanic activity caused sea station at Whangaparapara. levels to rise. The higher land of Aotea separated from what is now the Coromandel Peninsula and The east coast became an island. Sea cliffs dominate the northwest The eastern coastline is popular with surfers and and southeast coasts of the island. Rakitu Island swimmers, thanks to its sweeping white sands and (Arid Island) and other small islands and groups of beautiful beaches backed by tidal creeks and wetlands. rocks are dotted along its coast. Whangapoua estuary is one of the least-modified wetlands in New Zealand, and is valuable for coastal Captain James Cook named the island Great and wetland birds. Barrier in 1769 for the shelter and protection it provides to the Hauraki Gulf. The island is only 90 km northeast of downtown Auckland and is easily accessible by plane or boat. Photo: Eugene Polkan 5 6 Rich history Marine life Aotea is home to a community of around 900 The waters of the Marine Park are incredibly residents, and has been continuously inhabited rich in wildlife, with 22 species of marine for much of the past 1,000 years. Māori oral mammals. Look out for dolphins, whales and history speaks of early occupation, and of Ngāti seals, which are all regular visitors to the Wai and its chief Rehua settling on Aotea and island’s coast. claiming mana whenua over the land in the late 1700s. Being ancestral land, all of the island is Seabirds sacred land to Māori. Its forests, bays and rivers Seabirds are a special feature of the tell stories of journeys, battles, living off Marine Park. They feed in the rich waters the land and settlement. and find sanctuary on the park’s many pest-free islands. Aotea provides important nesting and You can experience the island’s culture and heritage by roosting sites, and provides for rare species like visiting some of the fascinating historic sites. the takoketai/black petrel. Archaeological sites in accessible coastal areas have been dated to the earliest period of Polynesian settlement. Coastal camping From the 1840s, the island’s natural resources attracted • Akapoua Bay Campsite is near the sheltered waters European settlement. A number of boom-and-bust of Port Fitzroy. industries exploited the island’s forests, minerals (copper, silver, gold) and migrating whales. • Awana Beach Campsite is near one of the island’s most popular places to surf. amway. Ph Mining Tr oto • Harataonga Campsite offers snorkelling, swimming TC : J Copper was discovered in the K im and the coastal walkway. P e t remote northern part of the r i • Medlands Beach Campsite is a great picnic spot near e , island in 1841, and New N a beautiful surf beach. Z Zealand’s earliest mine was H • The Green Campsite at Whangaparapara Harbour is e established at Miners Head r a l a secluded spot accessed by boat or short walk. in 1842. Gold and silver were d • Whangapoua Campsite is on the edge of the estuary. discovered in the 1890s. A popular surf break is a 10-min walk at low tide. The massive stone walls of the Oreville stamping (ore crushing) battery – above and below Whangaparapara Road – are an impressive reminder of the mining period. 7 8 Whaling Kauri The remains of New Zealand’s last whaling station The kauri forests of Aotea were can be seen at Whangaparapara. Whaling began in logged with increasing intensity and around New Zealand waters in the 1790s, and between the 1880s and early peaked in 1839 when 150 American and 50 other 1930s. Many walking tracks whaling ships were recorded around its coasts. within the Aotea Conservation Park follow old kauri logging and Shipwrecks milling tramway routes. One of Since 1854, around 50 shipwrecks have occurred the island’s best-known historic on the coast of Aotea. In 1894, the SS Wairarapa landmarks was the Lower Kauri smashed into rocks near Miners Head and 121 Dam on the Kaiaraara Track. In passengers and crew died – New Zealand’s third- June 2014, a huge storm carried worst shipping disaster. Two gravesites remain: one away the historic lower Kauri on the west coast, the other on the east. Both sites Dam, leaving only the base. are easily accessible (see map on page 14 and the The Kauri Timber Company fold-out map) sawmill (in operation 1905–16) ataonga h Har om at Whangaparapara, once es te Historic buildings a processed logs rafted by sea from d . Built in the 1860s, Ollies P the Coromandel and Northland. h Cottage still stands at o Among the ruins a steam tractor t o : Puriri Bay. Homesteads at D and cast iron chimney stack can O Harataonga, Tryphena and C still be seen. Port Fitzroy are reminders A few areas of original kauri of colonial times. Tryphena forest survived, and much of School was built in 1884 the forest is now regenerating. and is now used as a community However, kauri are under threat service building. from kauri dieback disease. Help protect kauri by always sticking to defined tracks, and keeping off tree roots. Footwear, tyres and any equipment that comes into contact with soil before and after leaving areas of kauri forest need to be cleaned. See www.kauridieback.co.nz or call 0800 NZ KAURI for more information. Photo: Andris Apse Kauri Dam. Kauri bark. Photo: Sabine Bernert 9 10 Living treasures In the absence of many of the introduced Reptiles and amphibians pests and predators now present on mainland Aotea is home to 13 different species New Zealand, Aotea has become a lifeboat for of skinks and geckos, and many native animals and plants, including New Zealand’s only island-based population of Hochstetter’s frog. ch freshwater fish, bats, lizards, frogs and birds. Photo: Dick Veit The chevron skink is one of New Zealand’s Native and most endangered lizards. Found only here and on Te Hauturu-o-Toi/Little Barrier Island, it can endemic plant life grow to more than 30 cm long and is perfectly After a tumultuous history of land camouflaged to blend in with the leaf litter clearance and kauri logging, much of along the forested streams. Its Māori name, Aotea is now covered in native vegetation. niho taniwha, refers to the tooth-like chevron With the absence of many browsing markings along its back and means ‘teeth of animals, many plants and habitats on the taniwha’.