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ISBN 978-86-918861-1-0 International Conference RREEFFOORREESSTTAATTIIOONN CCHHAALLLLEENNGGEESS Belgrade, Serbia 03-06 June 2015 PROCEEDINGS International Conference RREEFFOORREESSTTAATTIIOONN CCHHAALLLLEENNGGEESS Belgrade, Serbia 03-06 June 2015 PROCEEDINGS Editors: Vlada Iveti ad Dragica Stankovi University of Belgrade – Faculty of Forestry Organized by: University of Belgrade - Faculty of Forestry IUFRO REFORESTA This document is being published in electronic format only (Web and CD). Any corrections or additions will be posted to the Web site (www.reforestationchallenges.org). DISCLAIMER: The papers in this book comprise the proceedings of the event mentioned on the cover and title page. The findings and conclusions of each article in this publication are those of the individual author(s) and do not necessarily represent the views of the University of Belgrade – Faculty of Forestry, International Union of Forest Research Organizations (IUFRO) or Scientific and Professional Society REFORESTA. All articles were received in digital format and were edited for uniform type and style. Each author is responsible for the accuracy and content of his or her paper. First published: September 2015 Edition: e-publishing © REFORESTA, Scientific-professional society Internet: www.reforestationchallenges.org Publisher: REFORESTA (Keza Višeslava , 3 delgrade, “eria) Cover drawing: Kosta Iveti Cover photo: Simon Place ISBN 978-86-918861-1-0 International Conference REFORESTATION CHALLENGES, Belgrade, 03-06 June 2015 SCIENTIFIC COMMITTEE ORGANIZING COMMITTEE Vladan Iveti, SERBIA Dragica Stankovi, SERBIA Steven Grossnickle, CANADA Jovana Devetakovi, SERBIA Kasten Dumroese, USA Tatjana Dirkovi-Mitrovi, SERBIA Anders Mattsson, SWEDEN Zora dakovi, “ERdIA Douglass Jacobs, USA Vladan Popovi, SERBIA Christopher Keyes, USA Marina Noni, SERBIA Dragica Viloti, SERBIA Dušan Jokanovi, SERBIA Marianthi Tsakaldimi, GREECE Perica Grbi, SERBIA Milan Mataruga, BOSNIA AND Goran Trivan, SERBIA HERZEGOVINA Ljiljana Sovilj, SERBIA Mirjana Šijači-Nikoli, SERBIA Branislav Cvjetkovi, BOSNIA AND Milan Medarevi, SERBIA HERZEGOVINA Milko Milev, BULGARIA Zoran Maksimovi, SERBIA Nenad Keča, SERBIA Milena Anđeli, SERBIA Berthold Heinze, AUSTRIA Dana Dina Kolevska, FYR MACEDONIA Dutca Ioan, ROMANIA Ratko Risti, SERBIA Predrag Aleksi, SERBIA Aleksandar Luči, SERBIA Roman Longauer, SLOVAKIA Sponsors: Iveti V., “takovi D. eds. (2015). Proceedings: International conference Reforestation Challenges, 03-06 June 2015, Belgrade, Serbia. Reforesta. 301 p. ISBN 978-86-918861-1-0 Abstract: This book of Proceedings compiles 35 papers presented by researchers and scientists at The International Conference on Reforestation Challenges. Topics included various aspects of reforestation: 1) Planning and management of reforestation programs; 2) Stocktypes and seedlings quality; 3) Monitoring reforestation successes; 4) Planting and seedling-site interaction; 5) Species, intra-species and seed source selection and 6) Plant health in nurseries and plantations. In addition to country reports on current and past reforestation efforts and success, a new plans and strategies are presented. Market potential of poplar plantations is analyzed. Nursery operations affect seedlings quality by changing of seedlings density and container type, as well as by controlling the light conditions. Seedlings quality attributes are strongly related, both morphological and physiological. Endangered species, like elms can be successfully reproduced by mass clonal production. Variability between provenances should be concerned in initial stage of reforestation programs by selection of appropriate source of forest reproductive material. A local heat potential can be used for site-species matching. Local species, like European white elm can be used for wetland restoration and some exotic species are tested for potential use. Field success can be improved by use of microorganisms and site preparation, including soil conditioning and mulching techniques. Different methods of site preparations were presented, with emphasis on economy behind these operations. Innovative sowing technique from the air can be used on inaccessible sites. Management have a significant effect on plantation development and success in growing phase. Hydrophilic forests depend on river water and groundwater level. Additional ecosystem service of forests is carbon accumulation after afforestation of bare land. Keywords: reforestation, seedlings, nursery operations, site preparation, seedling-site interaction. CONTENT Iveti V. REFORESTATION IN SERBIA: SUCCESS OR FAILURE? 1-12 Ratki M., Rakoja Lj., THE REPUdLIC OF “ERdIA’“ AFFORE“TATION “TRATEGY WITH AN 13-22 drauovi “., Mileti Z., ACTION PLAN Ratki T. Ratki M., Rakoja Lj., BELGRADE AFFORESTATION STRATEGY 23-32 drauovi “., Dirkovi- Mitrovi T., “taji “., Ratki T. Keča Lj., Keča N. MARKET POTENTIAL DYNAMICS FOR PLANTATION-GROWN 33-41 POPLAR FOREST PRODUCTS IN SERBIA Karliči V., Radi D., INOCULATION OF ROBINIA PSEUDOACACIA L. AND PINUS 42-49 Joviči Petrovi J., SYLVESTRIS L. SEEDLINGS WITH PLANT GROWTH PROMOTING Goluovi-Durguz V., BACTERIA CAUSES INCREASED GROWTH IN COAL MINE Kikovi D., Raičevi V. OVERBURDEN Kolevska D.D., Trajkov EFFECTS OF SPACING BLACK LOCUST (ROBINIA PSEUDOACACIA 50-59 P., Maletic V. L.) SEEDLINGS IN STRIPES ON MORPHOLOGICAL CHARACTERISTICS AND YIELD PER UNIT AREA Gri M., “kočaji D., MASS CLONAL PROPAGATION OF ELMS AS WAY FOR 60-67 Đuki M., Đuisijevi- REPLACEMENT OF ENDANGERED AUTOCHTHONOUS SPECIES dojovi D., Markovi M. Dirkovi-Mitrovi T., RELATION BETWEEN MORPHOLOGICAL ATTRIBUTES OF FIVE 68-77 Iveti V., Viloti D., WILD FRUIT TREE SPECIES SEEDLINGS IN SERBIA drašaa-Bosanac Lj., Popovi V. Kolevska D.D., Trajkov DYNAMIC OF GROWTH AND QUALITY OF ARIZONA CYPRESS 78-87 P., Maletic V., Terziska (CUPRESSUS ARIZONICA GREENE) SEEDLINGS FROM THREE M. CONTAINER TYPES datos d., Mileti Z., RELATIONSHIPS BETWEEN SPECIFIC LEAF AREA AND 88-98 Miljkovi D. MACRONUTRIENT CONCENTRATIONS OF PEDUNCULATE OAK (QUERCUS ROBUR L.) LEAVES Škori M., “EEDLING PRODUCTION IN GOČKO CONTAINER 99-103 Devetakovi J. Luki “., Kadovi R., SOIL CARBON ACCUMULATION AS A RESPONSE TO THE 104-116 Keževi M., deloia J., AFFORESTATION METHOD USED IN THE GRDELICA GORGE IN Đuki V., delaovi SOUTHEASTERN SERBIA “ii “. Niki Z., Risti R., Leti MUTUAL RELATION OF RIVER WATER AND GROUNDWATER IN 117-126 Lj., Ađeli M., THE AREA OF HYGROPHILIC FORESTS IN THE RAVNI SREM Mrvaljevi V. DOWNSTREAM OF SREMSKA MITROVICA, SERBIA Krsti M., Toaševi A CONTRIBUTION TO THE HUNGARIAN AND TURKEY OAK SITE 127-133 Veljovi J., Kajeva d. DEFINING IN CENTRAL SERBIA “pasojevi d., Čokeša V., ANALYSIS OF GROWTH, INCREMENT AND VOLUME OF 134-143 Jovi Đ., “takovi D. DOMINANT TREES OF EASTERN WHITE PINE AND DOUGLASS-FIR ON SITE OF SESSILE OAK Devetakovi J., Mitrovi EUROPEAN WHITE ELM: POTENTIAL FOR WETLANDS 144-148 d., Milosavljevi M., REFORESTATION Noi M., “takovi D. Adrašev “., Ročevi EARLY EFFECTS OF THINNING IN PLANTATION OF EASTERN 149-158 S., Bobinac M. COTTONWOOD (POPULUS DELTOIDES BARTR. EX MARSH.), CLONE BORA ON THE SAVA RIVER ALLUVIUM Bilir N., Gulcu S. GENERAL OVER-VIEW OF FOREST ESTABLISHMENT IN 159-163 TURKISH FORESTRY Rahman M.S., Tsitsoni FIELD PERFORMANCE OF FRAXINUS ORNUS BAREROOT 164-174 T., Tsakaldimi M., PLANTS TO DROUGHT STRESS Ganatsas P. Popovi J., “uzaa M., IMPACT OF SOIL TO DIMENSIONS OF MECHANICAL FIBRES 175-184 Milorad V., Dragica V. OF A JUVENILE WOOD OF PAULOWNIA ELONGATA S.Y.HU. Jovi G., Duki V., PERSPECTIVES OF AUSTRIAN PINE PLANTED FOREST IN THE 185-193 Mauaga Z., “taji d., FORE“T MANAGEMENT AREA TE“LID (dO“NIA AND Cvjetkovi d., “uoti J. HERZEGOVINA) Djuki M., Djuisijevi PHYSIOLOGICAL VITALITY OF NORWAY SPRUCE SEEDLINGS 194-200 dojovi D., Gri M., ON REFORESTED AREA AT MT. KOPAONIK IN SERBIA Markovi M., “kočaji D. Coello-Gomez J., INNOVATIVE SOIL CONDITIONING AND MULCHING 201-210 Fuentes-Boix C., Pique TECHNIQUES FOR FOREST RESTORATION IN M. MEDITERRANEAN CONDITIONS Yoshida M., A PROPOSAL OF A SITE PREPARATION SYSTEM COMBINED 211-216 Fujiwara M., Sakai H. WITH CHIPPING OPERATION Marras T., Canali F., LIGHT NEEDS FOR SEED GERMINATION AND EARLY 217-226 Vessella F., Schirone B. DEVELOPMENT OF SEEDLINGS IN CORK OAK (QUERCUS SUBER L.) Ortolani M.R., Schirone AERIAL REFORESTATION BY SEED BOMBS 227-233 A., Camillotti G., Schirone B. Keča Lj., Paji “. COSTS AND REVENUES IN POPLAR PLANTATIONS 234-241 ESTABLISHED USING FULL GROUND AND SOIL PREPARATION IN SERBIA Rei M., Viloti D., THE INFLUENCE OF PLANTING DENSITY ONTHE STRUCTURE 242-250 Adrašev “., Ročevi “. QUALITY OF THREE TYPE 1/1 CLONES OF EASTERN COTTONWOOD (POPULUS DELTOIDES BARTR. EX MARSH) PLANTED ON THE FLUVISOL SOIL TYPE Cvjetkovi d., Mataruga BUD BURST AND HEIGHT INCREMENT OF NORWAY SPRUCE 251-259 M., Šijači-Nikoli M., (PICEA ABIES KARST.) IN PROGENY TESTS IN BOSNIA AND Daniči V., Luči A HERZEGOVINA Nikoli B., Risti M., VARIABILITY OF THE TERPENIC PROFILE OF PINUS 260-265 Jaakovi P., Novakovi HELDREICHII POPULATIONS OF THE SCARDO-PINDIC (SERBIA- J., Šara Z., Rajčevi N., KOSOVO AND REPUBLIC OF MACEDONIA) AND DINARIC Marin P. MASSIFS (MONTENEGRO AND SERBIA) Noi M., Heize B., INTRA-POPULATION GENETIC DIVERSITY OF BEECH IN 266-275 Megl M., Devetakovi NORTHEAST SERBIA ASSESSED BY MICROSATELLITE J., Slunsky R. MARKERS Bobinac M., Adrašev GROWTH ELEMENTS OF ITALIAN ALDER (ALNUS CORDATA 276-281 S., Perovi M., Bauer- /LOISEL./ DESF.) TREES - POTENTIALLY APPLICABLE SPECIES Živkovi A., Jorgi Đ. IN SERBIA Nikoli B., Risti M., ESSENTIAL OIL COMPOSITION OF ONE-YEAR-OLD BOSNIAN 282-287 Jaakovi
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    ISSN 0354-8724 (hard copy) | ISSN 1820-7138 (online) The Influence of German Settlers on the Formation and Development of an Industrial Town in Habsburg Bosnia: Teslić (1878-1918) Darko GavrilovićA, Goran VasinB, Dejan MikavicaB, Smiljana Đukičin VučkovićA, Ljubica Ivanović BibićA, Rastislav StojsavljevićAB* Received: September 06, 2017 | Revised: January 07, 2018 | Accepted: January 18, 2018 DOI: 10.5937/22-16623 Abstract This paper studies the formation and development of the Bosnian town of Teslić from the Austro-Hun- garian occupation of Bosnia and Herzegovina in 1878 to the end of the First World War in 1918. The goal is to emphasize the significant characteristics of the town’s development: the spread of capitalism; economic modernization; the arrival of a non-Slavic, predominantly German population; and the town as the leader of industrialization in Bosnia and Herzegovina. The industrial origin of Teslić and its struc- ture demonstrate Austria-Hungary’s need to economically integrate Bosnia and Herzegovina into its state area. The aim of this paper is to show to what extent the dynamics of industrial development in- fluenced the town’s formation and to see how the colonist population, which was mostly of German origin, influenced the industrial development and social life of the town. Keywords: German settlers, industrial town, development, Bosnia, Teslić Introduction In order to form a historical picture of the town of al development, which dictated the formation of this Teslić, we need to reconstruct a period of several dec- Bosnian town and the surrounding region. The sec- ades covering its formation and development as an ond part of the paper deals with the cultural devel- industrial settlement, and then its position as a small opment of the town, as well as with the labour un- town within Austria-Hungary (from the end of the ion battles that accompanied industrialization.
  • Forest Fuel Harvest in Stands of Lodgepole Pine Have Also Been Studied

    Forest Fuel Harvest in Stands of Lodgepole Pine Have Also Been Studied

    FOREST ENERGY FOR A SUSTAINABLE FUTURE Composite Report from the R&D Programme Efficient Forest Fuel Supply Systems 2011-2015 Today, primary forest fuel is extracted in the form of whole or partly delimbed trees in thinnings, as FOREST FUEL harvest energy wood (usually defective roundwood), as logging residue after final felling, or as stumps. The – TECHNOLOGY AND fuel various assortments differ in terms of harvesting METHODS FOR HARVEST method, but subsequent handling – forwarding, AND ASH RECYCLING Forest comminution and onward transport – is very similar. Örjan Grönlund & Henrik von Hofsten, Skogforsk In the period 2009 to 2013, the cost of harvest and terrain transport increased somewhat for all forest fuel assortments. In 2013 average costs per m3 of chips were SEK 52 for energy wood, SEK 43 for logging residue, i.e. branches and tops from final fellings, SEK 80 for small trees, and SEK 81 for stumps. The greatest potential for an increased harvest of primary forest fuels lies in stumps and small trees. Biomass prices have fallen in recent years, and costs must be reduced in all parts of the supply chain to retain profitability in the forest fuel business and to generate income for the forest owner. Logging residue Today, logging residue is harvested in most final fellings in southern and central Sweden. The work methods and technology used for residue-adapted harvesting and for- warding of residues can be regarded as mature and well proven, so fine-tuning of techniques and methods is becoming an increasingly important part of the work to improve efficiency. Planning tools like STIG and Grotsporre improve the planning and simplify the forwarding work, while considerably reducing the risk of ground damage.