Diptera: Brachycera)

Belgian Journal of Entomology 47: 1–23 (2017) ISSN: 2295-0214 www.srbe-kbve.be

urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:FCD5E777-0678-414B-849D-325968105FFC

Belgian Journal of Entomology

Notes on Oriental Asilidae with six new species from Vietnam (Diptera: Brachycera)

1 2 Guy TOMASOVIC & Jérôme CONSTANT

1 Scientific associate, Faculté universitaire des Sciences agronomiques, Unité d’Entomologie fonctionnelle et évolutive (Prof. Frédéric Francis) Passage des Déportés, 2, B-5030 Gembloux, Belgium (e-mail: [email protected] – corresponding author) urn:lsid:zoobank.org:author:877F0D9F-9F69-4EF1-898C-4D1866813D07 2 Royal Belgian Institute of Natural Sciences, O.D. Phylogeny and Taxonomy, Entomology, Vautier street 29, B-1000 Brussels, Belgium (e-mail: [email protected]) urn:lsid:zoobank.org:author:6E6072A1-9415-4C8D-8E60-2504444DB290

Published: Brussels, March 10, 2017 Citation: TOMASOVIC G. & CONSTANT J., 2017. - Notes on Oriental Asilidae with six new species from Vietnam (Diptera: Brachycera). Belgian Journal of Entomology, 47: 1–23.

ISSN: 1374-5514 (Print Edition) ISSN: 2295-0214 (Online Edition)

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Front cover: 44 mm long male specimen of Promachus procerus Tomasovic, 2013 from Da Krong Nature Reserve, 5-10.VII.2011 (Photograph J. Constant).

Belgian Journal of Entomology, 47: 1–23 (2017)

Notes on Oriental Asilidae with six new species from Vietnam

(Diptera: Brachycera)

1 2 Guy TOMASOVIC & Jérôme CONSTANT

Abstract

Six new species of Asilidae, Philodicus phiadenensis sp. nov., Cerdistus bresseeli sp. nov., Trichomachimus hoanganus sp. nov., T. oreophilus sp. nov., Anoplothyrea minima sp. nov. and Damalis tamdaoensis sp. nov., all from Vietnam, are described and illustrated. A distribution map of the genus Philodicus Loew, 1847 is provided, as well as an extensive set of data and a key to the species of Southeast Asia. The phenology of Philodicus is briefly discussed. Promachus procerus Tomasovic, 2013 is recorded from Vietnam for the first time.

Keywords: robber fly, Cambodia, new species

Introduction

Among the Asilidae material collected in the framework of the Global Taxonomic Initiative project “A step further in the entomodiversity of Vietnam”, six species belonging to five genera appeared to be new to science. The present paper aims to describe those six new species and compare them with their allies. It also treats a part of the abundant material from Southeast Asia in the collections of RBINS, notably from Cambodia, with additions from the collections of GxABT.

Material and methods

The maps were produced with the software Carto Fauna Flora 2.0 (BARBIER & RASMONT, 2000). For each illustration, a number of photographs were taken with a Canon camera and processed with Zerene Stacker software. They were optimized with Adobe Photoshop CS3. The male genitalia were dissected and glued on a cardboard attached to the pin of the corresponding specimen. The holotypes, paratypes and all treated material are deposited in the collections of RBINS except when mentioned.

Acronyms used for the collections RBINS = Royal Belgian Institute of Natural Sciences, Brussels, Belgium. GxABT = Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech, Gembloux, Belgium RMNH = Nationaal Natuurhistorisch Museum (“Naturalis”), Leiden, Netherlands. OUMNH = Oxford University Museum of Natural History, Oxford, United Kingdom.

TOMASOVIC G. & CONSTANT J. Oriental Asilidae

Taxonomy Family Asilidae Latreille, 1802 Subfamily Asilinae Latreille, 1802 Tribe Apocleini Papavero, 1973 Genus Philodicus Loew, 1847

Type species: Asilus javanus Wiedemann, 1819.

DIKOW (2009) treated the placement of the Apocleini within the family Asilidae. The tribe Apocleini is characterized by a supernumerary crossvein between R2,3- and R4 (Fig. 1) and contains four genera, Apoclea Macquart, 1838, Megaphorus Bigot, 1857, Philodicus Loew, 1847 and Promachus Loew, 1848. Detailed illustrations of the wing venation were provided by LONDT (2005). The genus Philodicus is distributed in the Afrotropical, Oriental and Palaearctic regions (GELLER- GRIMM, 2003), with three species known in Southeast Asia: P. chinensis Schiner, 1868 and P. fuscipes Ricardo, 1921 from Thailand, and P. rufiventris Bigot, 1890 from Laos (OLDROYD, 1975). The last species is known only from the female holotype. The species of Philodicus are very similar and difficult to separate. THEODOR (1976) has shown the importance of the characters of the aedeagus in the taxonomy and systematics of the Asilidae and LONDT (1978) stressed on the fact that the shape of the tip of the phallus is a very useful character in the separation of Philodicus species.

Fig. 1. Wing venation in different genera of Apocleini. A, Alcimus. B, Philodicus. C, Promachus (modified from LONDT, 2005).

DISTRIBUTION Figs 2–3.

The genus is present in the Afrotropical, Oriental and Palaearctic regions (Fig. 2). The recorded distribution of the four species of Philodicus of Southeast Asia is illustrated on Fig. 3.

The data of the map were taken from FREY (1934), JOSEPH & PARUI (1987; 1990a, b; 1991a, b; 1992a, b; 1993; 1994; 1997a, b), LEHR (1997), LONDT (1978), OLDROYD (1970) and TOMASOVIC (2006, 2012), with the addition of data from specimens in the collections of RBINS, GxABT, RMNH and OUMNH (Tomasovic, unpublished data)

Phenology of the species of the genus Philodicus from Southeast Asia Fig. 4.

Adults of Philodicus spp. are present all year round with peaks of abundance in July and September.

Belgian Journal of Entomology 47: 1–23 (2017)

Fig. 2. Distribution of the genus Philodicus Loew, 1847 (898 specimens).

Fig. 3. Distribution of the four species of genus Philodicus in Southeast Asia. : Philodicus chinensis, 9 specimens; : Philodicus fuscipes, 143 specimens; : Philodicus javanus, 35 specimens; : Philodicus phiadenensis, 1 specimen.

TOMASOVIC G. & CONSTANT J. Oriental Asilidae

Fig. 4. Phenology of the species of the genus Philodicus in Vietnam and Cambodia.

Key to the species of Philodicus of Southeast Asia

1. Postpedicel markedly shorter that the scape and pedicel combined. Phallus with three long and slender processes (Fig. 5 A) ...... P. chinensis Schiner, 1868 - Postpedicel as long or longer than the scape and pedicel combined. Distiphallus large of complicated form ...... 2

2. Hind femora with numerous white setae mixed with black ones. Phallus (fig. 5 B) ...... P. fuscipes Ricardo, 1921 - Hind femora with mostly black setae ...... 3

3. Mesotibiae with stout black setae. Distiphallus (Fig. 5 C) ...... P. javanus (Wiedemann, 1919) - Mesotibiae with white and black setae. Distiphallus (Fig. 5 D) ...... P. phiadenensis sp. nov.

Belgian Journal of Entomology 47: 1–23 (2017)

Fig. 5. Philodicus spp., male genitalia. A, P. chinensis, phallus. B, P. fuscipes, phallus. C, P. javanus, phallus. D–E, P. phiadenensis. D, phallus. E, gonocoxite and dististylus.

TOMASOVIC G. & CONSTANT J. Oriental Asilidae

Philodicus chinensis Schiner, 1868 Figs 3, 5 A.

MATERIAL EXAMINED. Cambodia: 1♂: Koh Kong prov., near Tatai Waterfall, 15km E of Krong Koh Kong, 5.IV.2005, Leg K. Smets & I. Var. Laos: 2♂: Luang Prabang prov., Ban Phanom, on river bank along Nam Khan, near grave H. Mouhot, 12.VII.2006, Leg K. Smets & K. Gielen. Vietnam: 4♂: Da Krong Nature Reserve, 16°37’N 106°47’, 5-10.VII.2011, Leg J. Constant & J. Bresseel, GTI project.

Philodicus fuscipes Ricardo, 1921 Figs 3, 5 B.

MATERIAL EXAMINED. Cambodia [collected by: J. Constant, F. Goes, P. Grootaert, D. Jump, K. Kruger, S. Noeun, K. Smets, I. Var and Y. Oul]: Siem Reap Prov, Angkor Thom: 20♂♂, 23♀♀: IX.2005; 3♀♀: 28.V.2003; 3♂: VI.2003; 1♂, 2 ♀♀: 23.V.2003; 3♂♂, 2♀♀: IX.2005; 3♂♂, 3♀♀: 1-26.VI.2003; 1♂: IX.2005; 5♂♂: 2-15.V.2003; 3♂♂: 2-3.VII.2005; 2♂♂, 1♀: V.2006; 1♂: VIII.2006; 1♀: V.2006; 1♀: 2-7.VII.2005; 2♂♂: 20.VII.2005; 3♂♂, 4: VII.2003; 3♂♂, 2♀♀: 23.XII.2006. Angkor, Elephant Center: 1♂, 3♀♀: 14- 21.XII.2004. Angkor Wat, Forest: 1♀: 26.IV.2005. Phumi Tbeng: 20♂♂, 21♀♀: VII.2003; 1♂, 1♀: IX.2003; 3♂♂, 8♀♀: VIII.2005; 4♂♂, 9♀♀: VIII.2003; 1♂, 3♀♀: XI.2005; 3♂♂, 4♀♀: X.2005; 1♂: 3.IX.2005; 7♂♂, 11♀♀: 20.VII.2005; 4♂♂: 16.VI.2005; 1♂: 6.VII.2005. Angkor, Preah Khan Temple: 8♂♂, 20♀♀: 24.I- 21.II.2006; 1♀: 25.II.2005; 3♀♀: 28.II-7.III.2006; 5♂♂, 7♀♀: 21-27.II.2006; 1♂, 2♀♀: 7-14.III.2006; 2♂♂, 1♀: 14-21.III.2006; 3♂♂: 31.V.2006; 1♂: VI.2006; 1♂: 1-8.i.2006; 1♂: 28.II-7.III.2006; 1♂, 1♀: 18- 25.V.2006; 1♂, 1♀: 1-7.VII.2005; 1♂, 2♀♀: 1.XII.2005; 1♀: 14.III.2006; 1♂: 21-28.III.2006; 1♂: 4-1.IX.2006; 1♂: 25.V.2006; 1♀: 28.XI-7.XII.2005; 1♀: 30.IX-9.X.2005; 1♂: 11.VII.2006; 1♀: 11-8.IX.2005; 1♂, 3♀♀: 6.VI.2006; 2♂♂: 20.VI.2006; 4♀♀: 16.V.2006; 1♀: 4.V.2006; 1♂: VIII.2006; 1♀: V.2006; 1♀: 1-7.I.2005; 1♂, 2♀♀: 20-27.I.2005; 2♂♂: 21-27.II.2006; 2♀♀: 29.VI-6.VII.2005; 2♀♀: 20-27.I.2005; 2♂♂, 2♀♀: 25- 30.IX.2005; 1♂: 11-18.IX.2005; 1♀: 7-14.III.2005; 3♂♂, 5♀♀: 18-25.IX.2005. Phumi Banteay: 9♂♂, 12♀♀: 15-27.IX.2005. Siem Reap, Sam Veasna Center: 1♀: 30.VI-09.VII.2003; 1♀: 3-15.V.2004; 1♂: 1-15.IV.2004; 1♂: 22-28.IX.2004; 1♂: 30.VI-9.VII.2003; 1♂: 12-22.VII.2003; 1♂: 15-29.VII.2004; 1♂: 17-28.VIII.2004; 1♂: X.2006; 2♂♂, 2♀♀: 21-28.XI.2005; 1♀: 2-7.VIII.2005; 1♂, 1♀: 25.IV.2006; 1♀: 6.VI.2006; 1♀: 27.III.2006; 1♀: 11.IV.2006; 1♂: 28.III.2006. Prek Toal: 1♂: 14-21.VIII.2005; Ibeng Lech, Banteay Srey District: 1♂: VI.2006; 3♂♂, 5♀♀: VI.2006; 7♂♂, 5♀♀: VI.2006; 1♂, 2♀♀: X.2006; 3♂♂, 3♀♀: IX.2006; Phnom Kulen N.P., Kbal Spean (ACCB): 1♀: 24-31.X.2004; 1♂: 10-24.X.2004; 1♂: 15-29.II.2004; 1♀: 29.XII.2006; 1♀: 5.XII.2006; Sam Veasna Center: 2♀♀: 7-15.I.2005. Pursat Province: Pine forest: 1♂: 12.IV.2005; 1♀: 27.I.2006; Pursat City, river bank: 1♀: 13.IV.2005; Phnom Samkos Wildlife Sanctuary, Pramaoy forest Edge: 1♂: 4-19.IV.2005; 2♂♂: 14-15.IV.2005. Banteay Meanchey Province: Ang Trapeang Thmor Wildlife Sanctuary, Day Catch, Sambour Vi/Poy Char Dist. (Forest): 1♀: VI.2005; 2♀: IX-XII.2005; 2♂♂: 20.VII.2005; 8 km N of Sre Noi (road to Anlong Vaeng), Dry Dipterocarp forest: 3♂♂, 2♀♀: 29-30.V.2003; Ang Trapeang Thmor: 1♀: 30.VII.2008. Kampong Speu Province: Aural Mountain (Cardamom): 1♂: 25.I.2006; 1♀: 7.V.2006. Kampong Thom Province: Pree Plue village: 1♂: IX.2005; 1♂, 1♀: 24-25.V.2003; 2♂♂: 21.III- 20.IV.2003; 2♀♀: 1-20.II.2003. Koh Kong Province: Koh Kapik, beach area: 4♂♂, 2♀♀: 7.IV.2005. Thailand: Loei prov.: Na Haeo: 1♂, 1♀: 23.V.1998; 1♀: 24.V.1998, Leg. P. Grootaert; 10♂♂, 8♀♀: 15- 19.V.2003, (field res. stat) light trap. Leg. J. Constant, P. Grootaert, J. Smets; 3♀♀: 5-12.V.2001, bio Station, light trap, Secondary forest. Leg. J. Constant & P. Grootaert; 1♂, 1♀: 7.V.2001, National Park. Leg. J. Constant & P. Grootaert. Vietnam: Ninh Thuận Province: 4♂♂, 2♀♀: Phuoc Binh National Park, 12°04’N 108°45’E, 26.VII- 1.VIII.2014, leg. J. Constant & J. Bresseel; 2♂♂, 2♀♀: Nui Chua National Park, 11°42’N 109°09’E, 3- 9.VIII.2014, Leg. J. Constant & J. Bresseel, GTI. Project. Dong Nai province: 1♀: Cat Tien National Park, 9.IV-19.V.2007, Leg. R. DeVries & C. van Achterberg. Quang Tri province: 1♂: Da Krong Nature Reserve, 16°37’N 106°47’E, 5-10.VII.2011. Leg. J. Constant & J. Bresseel. Laos: Champasak province: 3♂♂, 2♀♀: Xe Pian National Protected Area, Ban Kiet Ngong, 200-300m, 26- 31.V.2003, Leg. R. Wahis (GxABT).

Belgian Journal of Entomology 47: 1–23 (2017)

Philodicus javanus (Wiedemann, 1919) Figs 3, 5 C.

MATERIAL EXAMINED. Cambodia: 1♂: Prek Toal (Tonle Sap Lake), 27-28.V.2003, sweeping, Leg. J. Constant, K. Smets & P. Grootaert; 1♂: Kampong Thom, 29.V-14.VI.2003, Leg. J. Goossens. India: Shimoga, 1♂: 26.V.1936, P.S Nathan, IG. 11.174. Indonesia: Java: 1♂: Java, Fruhstorfer, det. Wiedemann; 2♂♂: N°215, det. Wiedemann; 2♂♂: Djampang Tengah, I.1937. IG. 11.161; 1♂: Radjamandala, X.1936, Gowwing Patat Preanger 2625; 1♂: IX.1936; 1♂: Java West. Mts Djampangs Tjimerangs, II.1937; 1♂: Salah, 30.iv.1961, leg. Mauis & Sohn; 1♂: Ujung kulong N.P, 11.V.2002, avec proie Hymeno. Coll. Joly (GxABT); 1♂: Bogor, 22.X.1960 ? Leg. Mauis. Det. Geller-Grimm. Sumatra: 1♂: Pematang Siantar, VI.1937. CT et BB Brues. Coll. M. Bequaert. Laos: Champasak Prov.: 8♂♂, 3♂♂: Xe-Pian, Ban kiat-Ngong, 1-6.VI.2003. Leg. R. Wahis (GxABT). Thailand: Loei Prov.: 1♂: Na Haeo (field res. station), 24.IV.2003, Malaise Trap, Leg. P. Grootaert; 1♂: idem, 22.V.2003; 1♂: idem, 1-14.V.2004; 2♂♂: idem, 21-24.IV.2004. Vietnam: 2♂♂: Tayninh, 10.XI.1924, Vitalis de Salvaza, IG.11.161.

Philodicus phiadenensis sp. nov. urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:944325D9-145F-4C79-85BC-15EB7EFF1465 Figs 3, 5 D–E, 6.

DIAGNOSIS. Philodicus phiadenensis sp. nov. can be separated from P. chinensis Schiner, 1868 by the postpedicel as long as the scape and pedicel combined (much shorter than scape and pedicel combined in P. chinensis); from P. fuscipes Ricardo, 1921 by the hind femora covered with black setae (covered with mixed white and black setae in P. fuscipes); from P. javanus (Wiedemann, 1919) by the white and black setae on the mesotibiae (only black setae in P. javanus). ETYMOLOGY. The species epithet refers to Phia Den, the location where the holotype was collected in Cao Bang province, North Vietnam. TYPE MATERIAL. Holotype ♂ (Fig. 6): Vietnam, Phia Den, 22°34’N 105°53’E, 08.VIII.2010. IG. 31.668, Leg. J. Constant & P. Limbourg. DESCRIPTION Male: (Fig. 6) Length of body: 18 mm. Body black and smoky brown. Legs black. Wings slightly infuscate. Head: (Fig. 6 B) face with yellowish tomentum. Mystax yellowish. Ocellar tubercle small. Occiput with greyish tomentum, postocular bristles black and stout, occipital setae white. Antennae black, scape as long as pedicel, both with black setae; postpedicel oval, as long as scape and pedicel together; style black and narrow, as long as postpedicel. Proboscis shiny black with tuft of white setae on ventral part. Palpi black with fine and long white setae. Thorax: (Fig. 6 A, C–D) antepronotum with black bristles. Scutum sparsely covered with short black setae. Bristles: 2 notopleurals, 2 supra-alar, 2 postalar, 6 dorsocentral. Scutellum with short ridge, 2 scutellar bristles, and black, fine setae on disc. Katatergal and metepisternal setae white. Legs: (Fig. 6 C–D) black covered with short and fine white hairs; stout, black or yellowish setae. Profemora with only 2 setae; mesofemora with 3 rows of setae; metafemora with numerous setae. Pro- and mesotibiae with black and white setae; metatibiae with black setae and short, sandy yellow brush. Pro- and mesotarsomeres with black and yellowish setae; metatarsomeres with only black setae. Wings: (Fig. 6 C) iridescent, slightly infuscate.

TOMASOVIC G. & CONSTANT J. Oriental Asilidae

Fig. 6. Philodicus phiadenensis sp. nov., holotype ♂. A, habitus, dorsal view. B, head, lateral view. C, habitus, left latero-dorsal view. D, habitus, left lateral view.

Abdomen: (Fig. 6 A, C) tergites blackish with black and white short hairs and distal silver- grey stripe; tergites 1-4 with lateral white setae. Sternites greyish with fine, long, white hairs. Male genitalia: (Fig. 5 D–E) epandrium broadly triangular with some black setae. Gonocoxite short; dististylus large, menbranous and with apical tuft (Fig. 5 E). Phallus with complex, articulated distiphallus (Fig. 5 D). NOTE. The condition of having the phallus with complex, articulated distiphallus is currently not recorded in any Afrotropical species. In those species, all males show a distiphallus with three tubes of various lengths (LONDT, 1978; TOMASOVIC, 2012).

Genus Promachus Loew, 1848 Promachus procerus Tomasovic, 2013 new record for Vietnam Fig. 7. MATERIAL EXAMINED. Vietnam: 1♂: Quang Tri province, Da Krong Nature Reserve, 16°37’N 106°47’E, 5- 10.VII.2011, Leg J. Constant & J. Bresseel, IG. 31.933. NOTE. The species was described from Thailand (TOMASOVIC, 2013). This 44 mm long specimen is the largest individual of Promachus recorded so far.

Belgian Journal of Entomology 47: 1–23 (2017)

Fig. 7. Promachus procerus, ♂ from Da Krong, habitus, left lateral view.

Tribe Asilini Latreille, 1802 Genus Cerdistus Loew, 1849

The genus is distributed in the Afrotropical, Australian, Oriental and Palaearctic regions. The only species recorded from the Oriental region so far is Cerdistus laetus Becker, 1925, from Taiwan.

Cerdistus bresseeli sp. nov. urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:08D52442-3488-49F4-ACCD-A1BBBE457E74 Figs 8–10.

DIAGNOSIS. Postpedicel with a microsegment; facial gibbosity restricted to the lower half of the face; metanotal callosity with long setae; abdominal tergites with lateral setae. The species is close to Cerdistus laetus Becker, 1925 but can be separated from the latter by the yellowish grey tomentum and yellow chaetotaxy of abdomen and the black legs (abdomen greyish black and legs red in C. laetus).

ETYMOLOGY. The species name is a patronym dedicated to Mr Joachim Bresseel who collected part of the type series.

TYPE MATERIAL. Holotype ♂ (Fig. 8): Vietnam, Hoang Lien NP, 22°21 N- 103°46 E, 1-5.VII.2013, Leg J. Constant & J. Bresseel, IG. 33.453. Paratypes: 1♂, 1♀, same data as holotype.

DESCRIPTION Male: (Figs 8–9) length of body: 15 mm. Mesototum black with white stripes. Abdomen yellowish. Legs black. Wings slightly infuscate. Head: (Figs 8 B, 9 B) face with white tomentum. Mystax with white setae in middle, surrounded by black setae. Frons and ocellar tubercle with black setae. Occiput with grey- yellowish tomentum; postocular bristles stout and black mixed with black setae. Antennae black; scape and pedicel with numerous black setae; scape as long as pedicel; postpedicel as long as scape and pedicel together; microsegment conspicuous; style with micro sensory element and as long as postpedicel. Proboscis black with fine white hairs on ventral part. Palpi black with long black setae.

TOMASOVIC G. & CONSTANT J. Oriental Asilidae

Fig. 8. Cerdistus bresseeli sp. nov., holotype ♂. A, habitus, dorsal view. B, head, lateral view. C, habitus, right latero-dorsal view. D, habitus, right lateral view.

Thorax: (Figs 8 A, C–D, 9 A, C–D) antepronotum with black setae. Scutum with white stripes on sides and 2 central on disc, and with sparse, short, black setae. Bristles stout, long and black: 2 notopleural, 2 supra-alar, 2 post-alar, 6-8 dorsocentral. Scutellum with greyish tomentum, small black hairs on disc and 6 stout scutellar bristles. Pleura with greyish tomentum and long, fine white hairs. Katatergal and metepisternal setae numerous, long, fine and white. Legs: (Fig. 8) rather long and black. Femora not swollen; profemora with long, fine and white hairs on ventral part and 2-3 fine black setae apically; mesofemora partly covered with lying, short, yellow piles, and with 4 fine, long, black setae; metafemora largely covered with short, yellow, lying piles, with long and fine yellow setae, and with 2 black setae on distal part. Pro- and mesotibiae with long, fine, black setae; metatibiae with a yellow brush. Tarsi black with black setae; metatarsus showing a brush similar to that on metatibiae. Wings: (Figs 8 A, 9 A) slightly infuscate with black veins. Abdomen: (Fig. 9 A, C–D) tergites and sternites with yellowish-grey tomentum and yellow chaetotaxy. Tergites I-II with a black spot; all tergites with long setae and short hairs. Sternites with long and fine setae. Male genitalia: (Figs 9 A, C–D, 10) black; epandrium with sparse setae and with a process at apex (Fig. 10 C). Gonocoxites oblong, triangular; dististylus wider apically with two distinct humps (Fig. 10 B). Phallus slightly curved and parallel-sided; distiphallus very short, with three hardly distinct tubes (Fig. 10 A).

Belgian Journal of Entomology 47: 1–23 (2017)

Fig. 9. Cerdistus bresseeli sp. nov., paratype ♂. A, habitus, dorsal view. B, head, lateral view. C, habitus, left lateral view. D, habitus, left latero-dorsal view.

Fig. 10. Cerdistus bresseeli sp. nov., male genitalia. A, phallus. B, gonocoxite and dististylus. C, epandrium.

TOMASOVIC G. & CONSTANT J. Oriental Asilidae

Genus Trichomachimus Engel, 1933

Type species: Heligmonevra neavei Ricardo, l9l9

The genus Trichomachimus Engel, 1933 contains 36 species which live in the mountainous regions of Asia, covering a wide area extending on 10.000 km, from Monts Zaros in Iran, through the Himalayas and then to Far East Siberia (Tcherski Mounts). Several species were collected above 4000 m. The adults hunt in open spaces, in grassy areas (LEHR, 1967). The genus can be distinguished from the allied Machimus Loew, 1849 by the densely matted piles of second to fifth abdominal tergites, more dense and larger piles on pleurae and more prominent gibbosity of the face. Identification keys to the species of Trichomachimus were proposed by MOUCHA & HRADSKY (1964) (Afghanistan), OLDROYD (1964) (Himalayas), and LEHR (1967; 1989) and SHI (1992) (Central Asia). The species are very similar and the study of the internal parts of the male genitalia is necessary to identify them.

Both new species here described are externally similar to T. nigrus Shi, 1992, described from specimens from Sichuan taken at 3470 m asl., but they have very different male genitalia.

Trichomachimus hoanganus sp. nov. urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:6F757485-80E9-45A5-BDE5-0CAD9BDE33EC Figs 11, 12 A–C.

DIAGNOSIS. The species is close to T. nigrus Shi, 1992 and T. oreophilus. It can be separated from T. nigrus by the black piles on the presutural area of the scutum and the subrectangular epandrium (yellow piles on scutum and epandrium slender and slightly curved in T. nigrus); from T. oreophilus by the epandrium not notched at distal part (epandrium deeply notched distally in T. oreophilus).

ETYMOLOGY. The species epithet refers to Hoang Lien National Park, the location where the holotype was collected in North Vietnam.

TYPE MATERIAL. Holotype ♂ (Fig. 11): Vietnam, Hoang Lien N.P., 22°21’N 103°46’E, 1- 5.VII.2013. Leg J. Constant & J. Bresseel. IG. 33.453

DESCRIPTION Male: (Fig. 11) length: 14 mm. Medium sized, black species. Scutellum with yellowish grey tomentum. Abdomen with yellowish piles and setae. Wings infuscate. Head: (Fig. 11 C) black, with yellowish grey tomentum; mystax with white setae and black setae on the upper part. Frons with orbital and ocellar bristles black, postocular setae black, occipital piles black anteriorly and white posteriorly, lower occipital piles yellowish. Palpi black with black and fine setae. Proboscis black with white piles on basal part. Antennae black with black setae; scape sligthly longer than pedicel; postpedicel twice longer than scape and pedicel together; style half as long as postpedicel; and with microsegment. Thorax: (Fig. 11) scutum with three broad black stripes; fine, black and sparse piles on presutural area, and longer ones on postsutural area. Setae black and long; 2 notopleural, 1 supra-alar, 2 postalar. Scutum with yellowish grey tomentum and sparse, fine, black piles on disc; 7 long, black, fine scutellar setae. Pleura with yellowish grey tomentum; anepisternum with fine, black piles on upper part; katepisternum with yellowish piles; katatergal and metepisternal setae black. Scutellum with yellowish grey tomentum and 6 black scutellar setae.

Belgian Journal of Entomology 47: 1–23 (2017)

Fig. 11. Trichomachimus hoanganus sp. nov., holotype ♂. A, habitus, dorsal view. B, habitus, right latero-dorsal view. C, head, lateral view. D, habitus, right lateral view.

Legs: (Fig. 11 D) black, profemora devoid of setae and long whitish piles on ventral part; meso- and metafemora with black setae and short yellowish piles dorsally, and longer ones ventrally. Tibiae with black setae; pro- and metatibiae and tarsi with a short dense yellow brush. Wings: (Fig. 11 A) brownish; discal cell and basal radial and medial cell devoid of microtrichia. Abdomen: (Fig. 11 A, D) tergites and sternites with yellowish tomentum and long, fine, yellow setae and piles. Male genitalia: shining black with sparse yellow piles. Epandrium nearly rectangular, with deep concavity at distal part (Fig. 12 A). Gonocoxites triangular, truncate apically. Dististylus without small denticles or piles (Fig. 12 B).

NOTE. Phallus of the Machiminus type (Fig. 12 C).

TOMASOVIC G. & CONSTANT J. Oriental Asilidae

Fig. 12. Trichomachimus spp., male genitalia. A–C, T. hoanganus sp. nov. A, epandrium. B, gonocoxite and dististylus. C, phallus. D–F, T. oreophilus sp. nov. D, epandrium. E, gonocoxite and dististylus. F, phallus.

Belgian Journal of Entomology 47: 1–23 (2017)

Fig. 13. Trichomachimus oreophilus sp. nov., holotype ♂ A, habitus, dorsal view. B, head, lateral view. C, habitus, right latero-dorsal view. D, habitus, right lateral view.

Trichomachimus oreophilus sp. nov. urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:E1C6C825-F68C-42BC-84DC-492B079C20DD Figs 12 D–F, 13.

DIAGNOSIS. The species is close to T. nigrus Shi, 1992 and T. hoanganus. It can be separated from T. nigrus by the black piles on the presutural area of the scutum and the subrectangular epandrium (yellow piles on scutum and epandrium slender and slightly curved in T. nigrus); from T. hoanganus by the epandrium deeply notched at distal part (epandrium not notched distally in T. hoanganus).

ETYMOLOGY. The species epithet is formed from the greeks words ορος, ορεος, meaning mountain, and φιλος, meaning “friend of”. It refers to the mountainous habitat where the species was collected.

TYPE MATERIAL. Holotype ♂ (Fig. 13): Vietnam, Hoang Lien N.P., 22°21’N103°46’E, 1600- 1900 m, 1-5.VII.2013. Leg J. Constant & J. Bresseel. I.G. 32.454. Paratype: ♀, same data as holotype.

TOMASOVIC G. & CONSTANT J. Oriental Asilidae

DESCRIPTION Head: (Fig. 13 B) face with greyish tomentum. Frons with brownish tomentum and lateral black fine piles. Ocellar tubercle with few fine, long, black piles. Mystax dense with white bristles and fine black setae on upper part. Postocular bristles black mixed with white hairs. Occipital and lower occipital piles white. Antennae black; scape twice longer than pedicel, with numerous rather long setae on anterior part; pedicel with some setae; postpedicel longer than two first segments combined and with one short, fine seta on lower part; style with microsegment at lower part and a short sensory organ at apex. Thorax: (Fig. 13 A, C–D) black with four longitudinal stripes of greyish tomentum. Scutum with presutural area covered with sparse, fine, black piles, and postsutural area with long, fine, black setae. Bristles black and strong: 2 notopleural, 2 postalar. Scutellum black with rim of greyish tomentum; discal scutellar piles numerous, fine and black; 6 long, black, fine scutellar bristles. Pleura with greyish tomentum; anepisternum with row of short black piles on upper part; proepimeron, katepisternum and anepimeron with fine, white piles; katatergal and metepisternal setae white, long and fine. Legs: (Fig. 13 A, C–D) black covered with rather long, yellowish piles and long black bristles. Tibiae and tarsi with short orange brush. Wings: (Fig. 13 A, C–D) brownish, discal and basal radial cells without microtrichia. Abdomen: (Fig. 13 A, C–D) tergites I-II and VII-VIII black, others yellow. All tergites with long yellow piles and setae. Sternites with greyish tomentum and with long, fine, white piles; sternite VIII not extended posteriorly and with a long tuft of yellow piles. Male genitalia: black; epandrium subrectangular (Fig. 12 D). Gonocoxites triangular and rounded at apex (Fig. 12 E). Dististylus large, curved, wider apically and with numerous small denticles (Fig. 12 E).

NOTE. Phallus of the Machiminus type (Fig. 12 F).

Subfamily Laphriinae Macquart, 1838

Genus Anoplothyrea de Meijere, 1914 Type species: A. javana de Meijere, 1914

This small Oriental genus is so far represented by two species: A. javana de Meijere, 1914 from Java and A. indiana Joseph & Parui, 1987 from India. OLDROYD (1972) gave a very detailed description of A. javana.

Anoplothyrea minima sp. nov. urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:AAB14E3C-F9E1-4CBB-B1BD-60E7E418561D Fig. 14.

DIAGNOSIS. Very small, black species with mostly orange-red legs. Wings slightly infuscate, iridescent, uniformly covered by microtrichia. The species is close to A. javana de Meijere, 1914 and A. indiana Joseph & Parui, 1987. It can be separated from A. javana by the marginal cell closed with short stalk and abdominal tergites I–III with fine long hair (marginal cell closed with long stalk and only abdominal tergite II with fine long hair in A. javana); from A. indiana by the end vein of discal cell before the fourth posterior cell, and tergites II–VIII with bristles (end vein of discal cell beyond the fourth posterior cell, and tergites II–VIII without bristles in A. indiana).

ETYMOLOGY. The species epithet minima (adj., Latin) means very small and refers to the size of the species.

Belgian Journal of Entomology 47: 1–23 (2017)

Fig. 14. Anoplothyrea minima sp. nov., holotype ♂. A, habitus, left lateral view. B, head and thorax, lateral view.

TYPE MATERIAL. Holotype ♂ (Fig. 14): Vietnam, Cuc Phuong N.P.20°19’N 105°36’E, 19- 23.VII.2011. Leg J. Constant & J. Bresseel, IG. 31 933.

DESCRIPTION Length: body: 4 mm; wings: 3 mm. Head: (Fig. 14 B) face narrow, broadening at frons and vertex; frons and vertex with greyish tomentum. Mystax with one row of fine, black setae. Occiput with brownish tomentum, without chaetotaxy. Ocellar tubercle with two short, fine, black setae. Antennae black-brown; scape and pedicel with fine, black setae; scape longer than pedicel; postpedicel twice longer than scape and pedicel combined, with one lateral seta and a sensory element. Proboscis short and black. Thorax: (Fig. 14 B) covered with greyish brown tomentum. Scutum uniformly covered with short black piles. Setae black and very fine: 2 supra-alar and 4 scutellar. Katatergal bristles black and very fine. Legs: (Fig. 14 A–B) all femora orange-red, pro- and mesofemora with very fine, black setae; metafemora with black fringe dorsally and ventrally. Pro- and mesotibiae orange-red with long, fine, black or white setae; metatibiae black and thick with long, fine setae and a black fringe. Tarsi black with long, fine, black setae. Wings: (Fig. 14 A) iridescent, slightly infuscate; uniformly covered with microtrichia. Closed marginal cell with rather long stalk. Discal cell ending before fourth posterior cell. Abdomen: (Fig. 14 A) tergites shiny black, punctate, uniformly covered with short, fine, yellowish piles; tergites I–III with fine, longer hairs. Sternites dull black with greyish brown tomentum and with sparse, small, yellowish pile. Male genitalia: small and black.

TOMASOVIC G. & CONSTANT J. Oriental Asilidae

Fig. 15. Damalis tamdaoensis sp. nov., holotype ♂. A, habitus, dorsal view. B, head, lateral view. C, habitus, right lateral view. D, habitus, left laterodorsal view.

Fig. 16. Damalis tamdaoensis sp. nov., paratype ♀. A, habitus, dorsal view. B, head, lateral view. C, habitus, left laterodorsal view. D, habitus, right lateral view.

Subfamily Trigonomiminae Enderlein, 1914 Genus Damalis Fabricius, 1805

Type species: Damalis planiceps Fabricius, 1805

The species from India were treated by JOSEPH & PARUI (1985; 1987b; 1990a), those from China by SHI (1995), and finally SCARBROUGH (2005) studied the species from Southeast Asia. Only D. saigonensis Bigot, 1878 was recorded from Vietnam to date (BIGOT, 1878).

Belgian Journal of Entomology 47: 1–23 (2017)

Damalis tamdaoensis sp. nov. urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:C8A67ED2-4ED4-43DD-B291-7CF74BA343CF Figs 15–17.

DIAGNOSIS. The new species can be easily separated from D. saigonensis by its larger size (20 mm), black legs and wings hyaline apically (smaller size (11 mm), legs reddish and wings with an apical dark marking in D. saigonensis).

ETYMOLOGY. The species epithet refers to Tam Dao National Park, the location where the type series was collected in North Vietnam.

TYPE MATERIAL. Holotype ♂ (Fig. 15): Vietnam, Tam Dao N.P. 21°31’N 105°33’E, 25- 30.VII.2011, day collecting. Leg J. Constant & J. Bresseel. I.G. 31.993. Paratype: 1 ♀ (Fig. 16): same data as holotype.

DESCRIPTION

Length: ♂, body: 20 mm.

Head: (Fig. 15 A–B) broader than thorax. Face convex, shiny black and slightly protruding. Mystax with transversal row of 4 black bristles. Frons with dark brown tomentum. Frontal and ocellar bristles absent. Ocellar tubercle slightly protuberant. Occiput with greyish tomentum; hairs sparse and white. Antennae black; scape, pedicel and postpedicel small, of equal length; scape and pedicel with black setae; arista four times as long as three basal segments combined. Palpi black with black setae. Proboscis black with two fine, long, black setae on ventral part. Thorax: (Fig. 15 A, C–D) pronotum with white hairs. Scutum very strongly elevated and rounded, with greyish tomentum laterally; presutural area of scutum with short black hairs; postsutural area of scutum with longer black hairs. Scutellum black with greyish tomentum and white hairs on disc; very fine, black scutellar bristles. Legs: (Fig. 15 A, D) entirely black. Metatrochanters markedly longer and thicker than others, with numerous black setae. Femora with fine, black setae and hairs. Tibiae with longer setae. Tarsi black with black setae. Wings: (Fig. 15 A, D) iridescent, slightly whitish with base slightly infuscate; veins black. Abdomen: (Fig. 15 A, D) black and dorsoventrally flattened. Tergites with short black hairs on central part; tergites I–II with lateral tuft of white and black hairs; other ones with lateral tuft of black hairs. Sternites with greyish tomentum and sparse short, white hairs. Male genitalia: (Fig. 17) black. Epandrium not divided, with long posterior processes rounded at apex; proctiger with two lobes and fine hairs apically (Fig. 17 A). Gonocoxites large with strong lateral bristles; dististylus broad at base and with narrow, rounded apical part (Fig. 17 B). Phallus short with flattened apical part; sheat forming a large bulge above the basal part; apodeme large; distiphallus missing (Fig. 17 C).

Female very similar to male (Fig. 16).

TOMASOVIC G. & CONSTANT J. Oriental Asilidae

Fig. 17. Damalis tamdaoensis sp. nov., male genitalia. A, epandrium. B, gonocoxite and dististylus. C, phallus.

Acknowledgements

We thank Mr Joachim Bresseel and Mr Pol Limbourg (RBINS), Dr Hong Thai Pham (Vietnam National Museum of Nature, Hanoi, Vietnam), and Mr Vu Tru Hoang (Insitute of Ecology and Biological Resources, Hanoi, Vietnam) for their help and permanent enthusiasm during the collecting trips in Vietnam; Mrs Camille Locatelli (RBINS), for taking most of the photographs of the specimens; Mr Julien Caudron (RBINS) for his help in optimizing the drawings; Dr Patrick Grootaert (RBINS) for reviewing the manuscript and all his support. This paper is a result of the project “A step further in the Entomodiversity of Vietnam” supported through a grant issued by the capacity building Programme of the Belgian Global Taxonomic Initiative National Focal Point that runs under the CEBioS programme with financial support from the Belgian Directorate-General for Development Cooperation (DGD).

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