DOCSLIB.ORG

The Extent of Historic Translocation of Norway Spruce Forest Reproductive Material in Europe

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
The Extent of Historic Translocation of Norway Spruce Forest Reproductive Material in Europe See discussions, stats, and author profiles for this publication at: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/318410457 The extent of historic translocation of Norway spruce forest reproductive material in Europe Article in Annals of Forest Science · September 2017 DOI: 10.1007/s13595-017-0644-z CITATIONS READS 15 154 3 authors, including: Simon Jansen Heino Konrad Université Libre de Bruxelles Federal Research and Training Centre for Forests, Natural Hazards and Landscape 4 PUBLICATIONS 49 CITATIONS 216 PUBLICATIONS 1,259 CITATIONS SEE PROFILE SEE PROFILE Some of the authors of this publication are also working on these related projects: WaldFIT - Climate smart forests: provenance selection and planting methods (WF Project, Austria) View project LIFEGENMON View project All content following this page was uploaded by Heino Konrad on 06 June 2019. The user has requested enhancement of the downloaded file. Annals of Forest Science (2017)74:56 DOI 10.1007/s13595-017-0644-z REVIEW PAPER The extent of historic translocation of Norway spruce forest reproductive material in Europe Simon Jansen1 & Heino Konrad1 & Thomas Geburek1 Received: 14 September 2016 /Accepted: 9 May 2017 # INRA and Springer-Verlag France 2017 Abstract data are not available on a more detailed scale, historic records & Key message Norway spruce seed has been traded exten- provide crucial information about translocations. sively for at least three centuries throughout the natural & Aims Our aim is to provide the first pan-European review on distribution range in Europe and beyond. However, our Norway spruce translocations from the seventeenth until the knowledge about these transfers is limited. Historic data twentieth century. are essential tools to trace back human-mediated gene & Methods We analysed historic and recent literature compil- flow and for interpretation of recent genetic studies. ing information on the cultivation and transfer of Norway & Context Human-mediated gene flow can potentially have a spruce reproductive material. Historic records are compared major impact on the genetic composition of forest tree popu- with recent molecular studies. lations, yet our knowledge about seed sources used within the & Results Seed exchanges have profoundly altered the native current species’ range is still limited. Norway spruce is one of genetic population structure of Norway spruce. Especially, the most important coniferous species in European forestry, Central European seeds have been used throughout and be- and data drawing conclusions about the genetic composition yond the natural distribution area. Figures illustrating the his- of current populations are vital with regard to gene conserva- toric plantings in Europe are provided. tion and sustainable forest management. Because molecular & Conclusion Recent molecular data reveal persisting effects of past translocations. Historical records can be extremely useful for providing information about autochthony and thus Handling Editor: Bruno Fady guide gene conservation strategies and explain the perfor- Contribution of the co-authors Simon Jansen: writing the manuscript mance of extant populations. and running the data analysis. Heino Konrad: coordinating the research project, supervising and writing Keywords Picea abies . Afforestation . Historic seed the manuscript. transfer . Seed trade Thomas Geburek: supervising and writing the manuscript. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1007/s13595-017-0644-z) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. 1 Introduction * Thomas Geburek Within the last decades, the protection and conservation of [email protected] nature and biodiversity has become an important issue on Simon Jansen the European political agenda. Forest ecosystems have been [email protected] identified as a major source of biodiversity (FAO 2014), and “ ” Heino Konrad the biocentric view recognizing naturalness of forests as an [email protected] intrinsic value has been strengthened (EEA 2014). As genetic diversity is a central part of biodiversity, factors impacting the 1 Department of Forest Genetics, Austrian Research Centre for Forests gene pool of European forest populations need to be scruti- (BFW), 1131 Vienna, Vienna, Austria nized (e.g. Geburek and Turok 2005; Graudal et al. 2014; 56 Page 2 of 17 Annals of Forest Science 74:56 (2017) Koskela and Lefèvre 2013; Koskela et al. 2007; Wickneswari economic risks (Bergmann 1965;Giertych2007;König et al. 2014). Throughout the last three centuries, European 2005; Konôpka and Šimak 1990). The translocation of forests experienced fundamental changes and the genetic Romanian provenances by 12° of latitude has been suggested, composition of most of today’s tree populations have been while a movement of Alpine provenances outside the Alps is strongly affected by man (EEA 2014). Starting in the eigh- generally not recommended (König 2005). Within teenth century, artificial regeneration with non-local seeds be- Scandinavia, a northward transfer should be limited to 3° lat- came common practice, including the transfer of conifers such itude (Bergmann 1965;Giertych2007). Provenances which as Norway spruce on a large scale (e.g. Endres 1905;Koskela thrive well under very different ecological conditions origi- et al. 2014; Schmidt-Vogt 1977; see also Table 1). Seeds from nate from the Eastern Carpathians, Bihor Mountains, and the Central Europe (Germany, Austria) became a particularly mountainous region extending from the Beskides and the Ore cherished commodity (e.g. Almäng 1996;Dering2008; Mountains to the foothills of the Harz (Budeanu et al. 2012; Lines 1987). König 2005;Matras2009). Norway spruce (Picea abies [L.] Karst.) is one of the most The objective of this study is to review historic records of important tree species in Central and Northern Europe, due to Norway spruce translocations. These findings are of special its high ecological plasticity and economic versatility importance, as genetic data tracking the original seed source (Schmidt-Vogt 1977). Its range is differentiated into three dis- are presently not available on a European scale. Historic re- tinct areas: (a) Alpine, (b) Hercyno-Carpathian and (c) Baltic- cords can help to identify translocation “hotspots” or areas Nordic region (Fig. 1). During the last three centuries, the comprising putative autochthonous populations, which is of distribution of Norway spruce has been significantly enlarged special interest for tree breeding or gene conservation (e.g. by cultivation (Schmidt-Vogt 1977; Spiecker 2003). Today, Rajora and Mosseler 2001; Spiecker 2000). The disclosure P. abies covers an area of approximately 30,000,000 ha in of FRM trading routes is vital for interpreting results from Europe; more than 20% of the current distribution is located recent molecular studies. Data about historic seed transfer outside its native range, primarily growing on former may also contribute to the understanding of intraspecific var- broadleaved forest sites at low altitude (Klimo et al. 2000). iation patterns, as proposed by Gomöry et al. (2012). The In some countries, such as Germany, France or Poland, the importance of the integration of historic aspects for assess- artificial range vastly exceeds the native occurrence (Jansson ment of forest genetic resources in Europe has also been point- et al. 2013). In the majority of cases, unknown seed sources ed out by several other authors (Laikre et al. 2006;Schoppa were used for these afforestations. Although this human- 2000;Ledig1992). mediated gene flow must have had a significant impact on Norway spruce populations, our knowledge about historic transfer is still very limited (e.g. Geburek 2005). 2 Methods The specific origin of spruce provenances at a given site cannot be identified by phenotypic characteristics, although An extensive literature survey was conducted comprising a the crown architecture (Geburek et al. 2008)orcolourofim- wide variety of historic and recent literatures, including jour- mature cones (Geburek et al. 2007) may provide clues about nal articles and grey literature, as well as the compilation of an elevational transfer. Molecular data (e.g. Tollesfrud et al. data about cultivations and the transfer of Norway spruce 2008) can serve as a valuable baseline to study the historic FRM. This survey was conducted in the scope of the EU- transfer of forest reproductive material (FRM); however, high- funded project FORGER (Towards the sustainable manage- resolution data are not available throughout the current distri- ment of forest genetic resources) between 2014 and 2016. We bution range of Norway spruce. examined web databases of academic journals, as well as li- Local adaptation of Norway spruce is mainly determined brary catalogues. Keywords (artificial regeneration, cultiva- by the growing period: early flushing and early growth cessa- tion, forestation, kiln, Norway spruce, seed production and tion are characteristics of northern or high-altitude prove- seed trade) in German, English, French, Czech, Polish and nances when translocated to lower altitude or southern sites Romanian databases were used to identify relevant articles. (Gomöry et al. 2012; Jansson et al. 2013). These provenances We tried to minimize the language bias in the survey by in- generally grow slowly in lower elevations or southern regions volving also local colleagues to identify relevant literature. (Giertych 2007), while a northward transfer or a movement to Advertisements
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Altitude and Forest Type Effects on Soils in the Jizera Mountains Region
    Soil & Water Res., 2, 2007 (2): 35–44 Altitude and Forest Type Effects on Soils in the Jizera Mountains Region LENKA PAVLŮ, LUBOŠ BORŮVKA, ANTONÍN NIKODEM, MARCELA ROHOŠKOVÁ and VÍT PENÍŽEK Department of Soil Science and Geology, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic Abstract: This paper is focused on the Jizera Mountains as a region strongly influenced by man in the past. The structure of the natural forest was changed. Species monocultures with similar tree ages were planted. High acidificants concentrations in atmosphere led to the decline of these monoculture forests in the top parts of the mountains and the high acidificants deposition damaged the soils in the whole region. The goals of this study are to describe the distribution of the soil properties in altitude transects, where temperature, precipitation, and vegetation gradients are recorded, and to compare the soil properties in spruce and beech forests. The soil samples were collected from soil pits in a surviving nature-close beech forest, in a production spruce forest, and also in the top dead forest area with a grass cover. Soil samples from sufficiently deep diagnostic horizons were taken for the study of chemical properties. The basic soil characteristics were determined by the commonly used methods (pH, effective cation exchange capacity – eCEC, and the contents of cations in the sorption complex, A400/A600 as humus quality parameter, the contents of available Ca, Mg, K and P, pseudototal content of Ca and Mg, and two differently extracted Fe and Al forms contents).
    [Show full text]
  • Business Bavaria Newsletter
    Business Bavaria Newsletter Issue 07/08 | 2013 What’s inside 5 minutes with … Elissa Lee, Managing Director of GE Aviation, Germany Page 2 In focus: Success of vocational training Page 3 Bavaria in your Briefcase: Summer Architecture award for tourism edition Page 4 July/August 2013 incl. regional special Upper Franconia Apprenticeships – a growth market Bavaria’s schools are known for their well-trained school leavers. In July, a total of According to the latest education monitoring publication of the Initiative Neue 130,000 young Bavarians start their careers. They can choose from a 2% increase Soziale Marktwirtschaft, Bavaria is “top when it comes to school quality and ac- in apprenticeships compared to the previous year. cess to vocational training”. More and more companies are increasing the number of training positions to promote young people and thus lay the foundations for With 133,000 school leavers, 2013 has a sizeable schooled generation. Among long-term success. the leavers are approximately 90,000 young people who attended comprehensive school for nine years or grammar school for ten. Following their vocational train- The most popular professions among men and women are very different in Ba- ing, they often start their apprenticeships right away. varia: while many male leavers favour training as motor or industrial mechanics To ensure candidates and positions are properly matched, applicants and com- or retail merchants, occupations such as office manager, medical specialist and panies seeking apprentices are supported in their search by the Employment retail expert are the most popular choices among women. Agency. Between October 2012 and June 2013 companies made a total of 88,541 free, professional, training places available – an increase of 1.8% on the previ- www.ausbildungsoffensive-bayern.de ous year.
    [Show full text]
  • Flyer Download
    t t d d i i e e n n h h c c S S l l e e a a h h c c i i t a M M b o © © D The section of the Limes in Hesse that is approved as a world heritage The Upper German-Raetian Limes is Bavari a’ s most well known ground mo - o o k t t i o o r h h E P P © ranges from Heidenrod at the watchtower 2/35 «Am Laufenselder Weg» to nument and symbolizes the Roman ancient times from the 1st to the 3rd 3 8 / 9 P W f Mainhausen on the Main. The Limes runs across the wooded heights of the century A.D. Starting from the Wuerttembergian border the Limes runs o n o i t c u r t Taunus and encloses the fertile area of the Wetterau in a large arc. The across Middle Franconia, Upper Bavaria and ends at the Danube in Lowe r s n o c e r , b state of preservation of the 153 km long route with 18 big and 31 small forts Bavaria. Starting from 1892 the Limes got systematically researched due to a r G - h c a l r as well as 200 watchtowers differs due to the post-Roman usage of the the the Imperial Limes Commission, which was conducted in other states e ß o r G : e l t as well. Johann Turmair, named Aventinus (1477–1534) led the way to inter - i terrain. There is not much visible in agricultural areas while especially ram - T part and moat are still visible aboveground in the forests.
    [Show full text]
  • Potential European Bison (Bison Bonasus) Habitat in Germany
    PROJECT REPORT Potential European bison (Bison bonasus) habitat in Germany Tobias Kuemmerle Humboldt-University Berlin Benjamin Bleyhl Humboldt-University Berlin Wanda Olech University of Warsaw & European Bison Friends Society Kajetan Perzanowski Carpathian Wildlife Research Station MIZ, PAS & European Bison Friends Society 1 PROJECT REPORT CONTENTS CONTENTS ...............................................................................................................................................................2 INTRODUCTION .......................................................................................................................................................3 HISTORIC DISTRIBUTION OF EUROPEAN BISON IN EUROPE .....................................................................................4 EUROPEAN BISON HABITAT PREFERENCES ..............................................................................................................6 HABITAT USE OF CONTEMPORARY EUROPEAN BISON POPULATIONS .......................................................................................... 6 PALEO-ECOLOGICAL DATA ON EUROPEAN BISON HABITAT USE ............................................................................................... 10 MAPPING EUROPEAN BISON HABITAT IN GERMANY ............................................................................................ 10 APPROACH .................................................................................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • The Historical Cultural Landscape of the Western Sudetes. an Introduction to the Research
    Summary The historical cultural landscape of the western Sudetes. An introduction to the research I. Introduction The authors of the book attempted to describe the cultural landscape created over the course of several hundred years in the specific mountain and foothills conditions in the southwest of Lower Silesia in Poland. The pressure of environmental features had an overwhelming effect on the nature of settlements. In conditions of the widespread predominance of the agrarian economy over other categories of production, the foot- hills and mountains were settled later and less intensively than those well-suited for lowland agriculture. This tendency is confirmed by the relatively rare settlement of the Sudetes in the early Middle Ages. The planned colonisation, conducted in Silesia in the 13th century, did not have such an intensive course in mountainous areas as in the lowland zone. The western part of Lower Silesia and the neighbouring areas of Lusatia were colonised by in a planned programme, bringing settlers from the German lan- guage area and using German legal models. The success of this programme is consid- ered one of the significant economic and organisational achievements of Prince Henry I the Bearded. The testimony to the implementation of his plan was the creation of the foundations of mining and the first locations in Silesia of the cities of Złotoryja (probably 1211) and Lwówek (1217), perhaps also Wleń (1214?). The mountain areas further south remained outside the zone of intensive colonisation. This was undertak- en several dozen years later, at the turn of the 13th and 14th centuries, and mainly in the 14th century, adapting settlement and economy to the special conditions of the natural environment.
    [Show full text]
  • Indicators of Hemeroby for the Monitoring of Landscapes in Germany
    Indicators to monitor the structural diversity of landscapes Ulrich Walz Leibniz Institute of Ecological Urban and Regional Development, Weberplatz 1, 01217 Dresden, Germany Ecological Modelling 295 (2015) 88–106, http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2014.07.011 ABSTRACT An important level of biodiversity, alongside the diversity of genes and species, is the diversity of ecosystems and landscapes. In this contribution an indicator system is proposed to measure natural diversity (relief, soils, waters), cultural diversity (main land use classes, diversity of land use, ecotones, connectivity) and anthropogenic impacts (fragmentation, hemeroby, protection).The contribution gives an overview of various indicators on landscape diversity and heterogeneity currently used in Germany andEurope. Based on these indicators a complementary system, is presented. The indicators introduced here are derived from regular evaluations of the digital basis landscape model (BasicDLM) of the Authoritative Topographic-Cartographic Information System (ATKIS), the digital land cover model for Germany (LBM-DE) as well as other supplementary data such as the mapping of potential natural vegetation. With the proposed indicators it is possible to estimate cumulative land-use change and its impact on the environmental status and biodiversity, so that existing indicator systems are supplemented with meaningful additional information. Investigations have shown that indicators on forest fragmentation, hemeroby or ecotones can be derived from official geodata. As such geodata is regularly updated, trends in indicator values can be quickly identified. Large regional differences in the distribution of the proposed indicators have been confirmed, thereby revealing deficits and identifying those regions with a high potential for biodiversity. The indicators will be successively integrated into the web-based land-use monitor (http://www.ioer-monitor.de), which is freely available for public use.
    [Show full text]
  • 2Ce179p4 – Qualist Improving Quality of Life in Small
    2CE179P4 – QUALIST IMPROVING QUALITY OF LIFE IN SMALL TOWNS Status report Work pa- WP Nr. 4 – Demography oriented mobility concepts for small towns ckage Action Nr. – 4.1.4 Status and Best practice report on Small Towns mobility Output in PP Regions – Saxony/South Bohemia/ Lower Austria Result Status report (Analysis) PP Nr. 5 – Author ZVON Transport Federation Upper-Lusatia – Lower Silesia Date June 2011 Status and best practice report on Small Towns mobility in PP regions- Saxony/ South Bohemia/Lower Austria Preliminary remarks This “Small Towns Mobility Status Report in the PP-regions” grew out of two sub-reports: - Small towns mobility status Report (data collection, analysis of regional small towns mobility status reports, development of report for all RR regions incl. Best best practices) Responsible: Saxony Ministry of Economic Affairs, Labour and Transport - Mobility Report (Status and Best practice report on Small towns in the PP regions) Responsible: Transport Federation Upper-Lusatia – Lower- Silesia (ZVON) The editorial process was carried out by the consulting engineers - LUB Consulting GmbH, Dresden - ISUP Ingenieurbüro für Systemberatung und Planung GmbH, Dresden 2CE179P4 - QUALIST Status and best practice report on Small Towns mobility in PP regions- Saxony/ South Bohemia/Lower Austria Index 1 Introduction................................................................................ 1 2 Brief description of study area.................................................... 2 2.1 Saxon Vogtland ..................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Climate Change and Floods
    Climate change and floods – findings and adaptation Water Science & Technology strategies for flood protection in Baden-Wu¨ rttemberg W. Hennegriff Federal Institute for Environment, Measurements and Nature Protection Baden-Wu¨rttemberg, Landesanstalt fu¨r Umwelt, Messungen und Naturschutz Baden-Wu¨rttemberg (LUBW), Griesbachstraße 1, D–76185 Karlsruhe (E-mail: [email protected]) Abstract The climatic conditions in Southern Germany have changed noticeably in the 20th century, especially during the last three decades. Both in specific regions and interannually, the trends found Vol 56 No 4 pp 35–44 exceed the natural margins of deviation previously known from long measurement series for some measured quantities. The mean and also the extreme floods are expected to increase significantly, although the results of the model chain global model–regional climate models–water balance models are still uncertain. As a precaution an adaptation strategy has been developed for the field of flood protection which takes into consideration the possible development for the next decades and also takes into account the uncertainties. Keywords Air temperature; climate development modelling; flood protection; flood runoff; precipitation; Q snow cover IWA Publishing 2007 Initial position and cause The numerous extreme floods of the recent past involving extensive damage have pro- voked heated discussions, both in public and among experts, as to whether these flood events must be considered as part of natural climate variation or as a result of climate change already in progress with long-term future effects. According to current prognoses of climate researchers the large-scale climate in the European region will undergo changes, over and above the natural variations, due to anthropogenic influences and in particular due to the increasing CO2-concentration and other increasing greenhouse gas concentrations in the air.
    [Show full text]
  • Road Book 2020
    Wenger Czech Adventure Race 2020: Roadbook Dear racers, welcome to our beautiful area of Bohemian Paradise where we have tried to find the most attractive places for you. We believe you will enjoy the race in the breathtaking countryside rich in natural as well as historical sights. Start CZAR20: TA1, Thursday 27th October 2020 v 9 am. Czech Paradise Sandstone rocks, dead volcanoes, wets, deep forests are typical natural heritage, while ruins, castles and old folk homes remind of cultural history. Jizera river is the arteria and Jizera Mountains and Krkonose/Giant Mountains are the surroundings. Traditional crafts include the jewelry, jewel cutting, glass making and wood carving. Prachov Rocks – the visit of Rock Town is highly recommended The formations are made of sandstone, originally in the form of a plateau. Since its formation over 60 million years ago, the rock has been eroded by wind and rain into the unique forms found at the site Stage: Orienteering (15 km, elevation gain 650m, free order) Sandstone climbing in the Bohemian Paradise originated about 100 years ago. First, after the WWI German climbers climbed in the Bohemian Paradise. In the 1930s, however, pioneers from Czechoslovakia took over the pioneering. Many climbers grew up in the rock towns and took part in expeditions to the mountains around the world. Today we can only admire the courage and determination with which they embarked on difficult first ascents. Mainly because they lacked basic climbing equipment. They had ordinary hemp ropes, old slippers were used as climbing shoes, and harnesses were sewn at home from old fire hoses.
    [Show full text]
  • Biodiversity of the Hercynian Mountains of Central Europe
    Pirineos, 151-152: 83 a 99, JACA; 1998 BIODIVERSITY OF THE HERCYNIAN MOUNTAINS OF CENTRAL EUROPE JAN JENÍK Faculty of Science, Charles University, Benátská 2, CZ-12801 Praha 2, Czech Republic SUMMARY.- The vegetation of temperate Central Europe north of the Alps is mainly of low diversity broadleaf and conifer forest. The occurrence of three azonal habitat types: mires with their numerous microhabitats, the georelief of the karst and its deeply-cut river valleys, and ecological islands with a distinct vegetation near the treeline of the middle-mountains causes local areas of high diversity. These high species diversity spots are the result of an interplay between physical, biotic and historical factors. A model of an anemo-orographic system with its underlying factors is described to explain the high plant and animal diversity in the corries (glacial cirques) of the Hercynian mountains. RÉSUMÉ.-La végétation de l'Europe Centrale tempérée au nord des Alpes nous montre surtout des forêts à de feuillues et de connifères à faible diversité. Cependant, la présence de trois types d'habitats azonaux peut produire une haute diversité au niveau local: zones humides avec leur nombreux microhabitats, reliefs karstiques et leur profonds défilés fluviaux, et enfin des îles écologiques avec une végétation par­ ticulière situées près de la limite supérieure des arbres (treeline). Ces secteurs riches en espèces peuvent s'expliquer par l'interaction des facteurs physiques, biotiques et historiques. Dans ce domaine nous proposons un système anémo-orographique avec ses facteurs inféodés qui pourrait expliquer la haute diversité animale et végétale dans les cirques glaciaires des montagnes hercyniennes.
    [Show full text]
  • Proxy Environmental Record from the Bohemian Forest, Czech Republic
    bs_bs_banner The Lateglacial and Holocene in Central Europe: a multi-proxy environmental record from the Bohemian Forest, Czech Republic KLARA VOCADLOV A, LIBOR PETR, PAVLA ZA CKOV A, MAREK KRIZEK, LENKA KRIZOV A, SIMON M. HUTCHINSON AND MIROSLAV SOBR Vocadlova, K., Petr, L., Zackova, P., Krızek, M., Krızova, L., Hutchinson, S. M. & Sobr M.: The Lateglacial and Holocene in Central Europe: a multi-proxy environmental record from the Bohemian Forest, Czech Republic. Boreas. 10.1111/bor.12126. ISSN 0300-9483. The Hercynian mountain ranges were islands of mountain glaciation and alpine tundra in a Central European ice-free corridor during the Late Pleistocene. Today they are notable areas of glacial landforms, alpine-forest free areas, peatlands and woodlands. However, our knowledge of the Lateglacial and early Holocene environmental changes in this region is limited. We present a new multi-proxy reconstruction of a mid-altitude environment in the Bohemian Forest spanning this period. A core (5.2 m length) in the Cern e Lake cirque (1028 m a.s.l.) was sub- jected to lithological, geochemical, pollen and macrofossil analysis supplemented by two optically stimulated luminescence (OSL) and 10 AMS radiocarbon dates. We determined the impact of regional and supraregional cli- mate changes on the environment. The two most significant changes in sedimentation during the Lateglacial (17.6 and 15.8–15.5 cal. ka BP) were synchronous with regional glacial chronostratigraphy. Unlike Central European mountain ranges, in the Bohemian Forest the Younger Dryas was not coincident with glacier re-advance, but was a dry, cold episode with low lake levels, which prevailed until the early Preboreal.
    [Show full text]
  • Sulphate Sorption Characteristics of the Bohemian Forest Soils
    Silva Gabreta vol. 11 (1) p. 3–12 Vimperk, 2005 Sulphate sorption characteristics of the Bohemian Forest soils Jiří Kaňa* & Jiří Kopáček Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of South Bohemia, and Hydrobiological Institute, AS CR, Na Sádkách 7, CZ-37005 České Budějovice, Czech Republic *[email protected] Abstract Sulphate (SO4-S) sorption characteristics were determined in soils from catchments of three acidified mountain lakes, Plešné (PL), Čertovo (CT), and Černé (CN), situated in the Bohemian Forest. The SO4-S desorption ranged between 0.07–0.73, 0.21–0.68, and 0.39–0.82 mmol.kg–1 in the PL, CT, and CN catchments, respectively. SO4-S desorption was observed to be higher in horizon A than in mineral horizons below. The SO4-S represented only 3.4% of total S pool in the catchments and did not explain a relatively high rate of terrestrial leaching of sulphate over last 10 years. This disproportion suggests that the soil SO4-S pool is being replenished from internal soil processes from the pool of total S. Sulphate sorption maxima in soils in the catchments of the Bohemian Forest lakes varied between 1.5–11.7 mmol.kg–1, being highest in A-horizon and lowest in E-horizon. Key words: acidification, recovery, soil chemistry INTRODUCTION The chemistry (and, consequently, biology) of mountain lakes is determined by amount of precipitation and their composition, bedrock (PSENNER & CATALAN 1994), catchment soils and vegetation (e.g. BARON et al. 1994), and hydrology (WETZEL 2002). Soil sorption charac- teristics may significantly affect water composition, e.g.
    [Show full text]