How Insurance Works in Tourism
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The Impact of Fair Trade Coffee on Economic Efficiency and the Distribution of Income
The Impact of Fair Trade Coffee on Economic Efficiency and the Distribution of Income Gareth P. Green Matthew J. Warning Dept. of Economics Dept. of Economics Seattle University University of Puget Sound Introduction Fair Trade Certified™ coffee is receiving increasing attention both by the public and by academic researchers. Fair Trade1 emerged as a response to the adverse conditions faced by small-scale coffee producers in developing countries. Individual small-scale producers have no direct access to international markets and must sell their coffee to local intermediaries. These intermediaries are widely perceived to have monopsonistic2 power in the coffee market at the level of rural communities. The weak bargaining power of producers results in the producers receiving prices below market value, an amount which is ultimately as little as two to four percent of the final retail price of coffee (Transfair, 2007). In addition to these difficult local conditions, coffee producers must also contend with the vicissitudes of the highly volatile global coffee market as illustrated in Figure 1. Coffee prices respond to many variables including weather conditions (particularly frosts in Brazil), pest infestations and the actions of traders and speculators in global coffee commodity exchange. This price instability results in dramatic income fluctuations for 1In this paper we follow the convention of the academic literature, capitalizing Fair Trade when used in reference to coffee certified under the Fairtrade Labeling Organizations International system, and using lower case when discussing more general issues of fairness in the international trading system. 2 Monopsony is analogous to monopoly but concerns the buyer’s side of the market. -
In Rural Tourism Project Description
I N T E R N A T I O N A L Y O U T H E X C H A N G E P R O J E C T 2 1 J U N E - 0 2 J U L Y 2 0 2 1 T S A G H K A D Z O R , A R M E N I A You(th) In rural tourism Project Description “You(th) in Rural Tourism" is designed for “You(th) in Rural Tourism" will allow young people coming from rural and focusing on the most demanded skills, remote areas of Germany, Ireland, Spain, competencies and knowledge in the field France, Armenia, Georgia and Ukraine, of entrepreneurship and rural tourism, aged between 18 and 30. Implementation which can serve as an efficient base for of the youth exchange is planned from 21 rural youth unemployment reduction. June to 02 July 2021 in Tsaghkadzor, The learning factor of the project covers a) Armenia. The main concentration of the implementation of a business plan, b) project is to give essential knowledge sessions on digital tools and the promotion about entrepreneurship and useful skills in of rural tourism, c) presentation of the the sphere of rural tourism. The project hospitality field and guesthouse business, comprises many other branches that as well as tour management, d) business include business planning, fundraising and marketing and fundraising. business management. The whole youth exchange will be based With this initiative we aim at improving on non-formal learning methods and peer to peer learning among participants, approaches. -
New Insurance for Newbuildi
The Swedish Club Letter 2–2006 Insurance New Insurance for Newbuildi ■■ The Swedish Club is one of very few marine insurance companies that offer a range of products Tord Nilsson broad enough to cover most of the needs of ship- Area Manager owners. Team Göteborg I We will soon complement the products we have by adding an insurance that specifi cally targets the needs of shipowners with newbuildings on order. Our fi rst contact with owners has traditionally been when they have started to look for suppliers of H&M, P&I Cover for liabilities in respect and FD&D insurances. We do in some cases cover FD&D for newbuildings and of superintendents and for the crew whilst travelling to and from the shipyard just prior to delivery. We feel that owners need to start looking at their insurable interests long other shipowners’ personnel before delivery, as there are risks relating to the newbuilding that could affect attending at newbuildings owners adversely. Only a few owners currently do this. Our Newbuilding Risks Insurance is one product and it encompasses three areas: 1. Cover for liabilities in respect of superintendents and other shipowners’ ■■ personnel attending newbuildings. The P&I cover 1that can be offered by a This insurance includes liabilities under the terms of the employment contract to club in the Internatio- Annica Börjesson pay damages or compensation for personal injury, illness or death of the superin- nal Group is ultimately Claims Executive tendent whilst attending the NB site or travelling to and from the site. regulated by the Poo- Team Göteborg I < Hospital, medical, repatriation, funeral or other expenses necessarily incurred ling Agreement, “the in relation to the superintendent whilst attending the NB site. -
Disability Benefits
Disability Benefits SSA.gov What’s inside Disability benefits 1 Who can get Social Security disability benefits? 1 How do I apply for disability benefits? 4 When should I apply and what information do I need? 4 Who decides if I am disabled? 5 How is the decision made? 6 What happens when my claim is approved? 9 Can my family get benefits? 10 How do other payments affect my benefits? 10 What do I need to tell Social Security? 11 When do I get Medicare? 12 What do I need to know about working? 12 The Ticket to Work program 13 Achieving a Better Life Experience (ABLE) Account 13 Contacting Social Security 14 Disability benefits Disability is something most people don’t like to think about. But the chances that you’ll become disabled are probably greater than you realize. Studies show that a 20-year-old worker has a 1-in-4 chance of becoming disabled before reaching full retirement age. This booklet provides basic information on Social Security disability benefits and isn’t meant to answer all questions. For specific information about your situation, you should speak with a Social Security representative. We pay disability benefits through two programs: the Social Security Disability Insurance (SSDI) program and the Supplemental Security Income (SSI) program. This booklet is about the Social Security disability program. For information about the SSI disability program for adults, see Supplemental Security Income (SSI) (Publication No. 05-11000). For information about disability programs for children, refer to Benefits For Children With Disabilities (Publication No. 05-10026). -
Coffee Production Costs and Farm Profitability: Strategic Literature Review
A Specialty Coffee Association Research Report Coffee Production Costs and Farm Profitability: Strategic Literature Review Dr Christophe Montagnon, RD2 Vision October 2017 Coffee Production Costs and Farm Profitability | Specialty Coffee Association Contents: 1)! Introduction 2)! Methodology: Document selection 2.1) Reviewing method 3)! Document comparison: Raw data collection 3.1) Variable and fixed costs 3.2) Family labor and net income 3.3) Distinguishing between averaged farms and different farm types 3.4) Focus on the Echeverria and Montoya document 3.5) Yield, profitability and production costs across Colombian regions in 2012 3.6) Correlating yield, profitability and production costs 3.7) Agronomic factors impacting yield, profitability and production costs 4)! Conclusions: Meta-analysis of different studies 4.1) Valuing the cost of production and profitability across different documents 4.2) Relationship between profitability, cost per hectare, cost per kg and yield 4.3) Main conclusions of the meta-analysis 4.4) Causes of household food insecurity 4.5) Limitations and recommendations of this literature review 5)! Next steps: Taking a strategic approach 6)! Annexes 7)! Glossary of terms List of tables Table 1: Grid analysis of reviewed documents Table 2: Description of the different reviewed documents according to the grid anlysis Table 3: Description of different coffee farm types (clusters) in Uganda Table 4: Yield, profitability and coffee costs in different regions of Colombia Table 5: Correlations between yield, profitability -
Navy Force Structure and Shipbuilding Plans: Background and Issues for Congress
Navy Force Structure and Shipbuilding Plans: Background and Issues for Congress September 16, 2021 Congressional Research Service https://crsreports.congress.gov RL32665 Navy Force Structure and Shipbuilding Plans: Background and Issues for Congress Summary The current and planned size and composition of the Navy, the annual rate of Navy ship procurement, the prospective affordability of the Navy’s shipbuilding plans, and the capacity of the U.S. shipbuilding industry to execute the Navy’s shipbuilding plans have been oversight matters for the congressional defense committees for many years. In December 2016, the Navy released a force-structure goal that calls for achieving and maintaining a fleet of 355 ships of certain types and numbers. The 355-ship goal was made U.S. policy by Section 1025 of the FY2018 National Defense Authorization Act (H.R. 2810/P.L. 115- 91 of December 12, 2017). The Navy and the Department of Defense (DOD) have been working since 2019 to develop a successor for the 355-ship force-level goal. The new goal is expected to introduce a new, more distributed fleet architecture featuring a smaller proportion of larger ships, a larger proportion of smaller ships, and a new third tier of large unmanned vehicles (UVs). On June 17, 2021, the Navy released a long-range Navy shipbuilding document that presents the Biden Administration’s emerging successor to the 355-ship force-level goal. The document calls for a Navy with a more distributed fleet architecture, including 321 to 372 manned ships and 77 to 140 large UVs. A September 2021 Congressional Budget Office (CBO) report estimates that the fleet envisioned in the document would cost an average of between $25.3 billion and $32.7 billion per year in constant FY2021 dollars to procure. -
Drilling in Extreme Environments: Challenges and Implications for the Energy Insurance Industry Drilling in Extreme Environments 2
ENERGY Drilling in extreme environments: Challenges and implications for the energy insurance industry Drilling in Extreme Environments 2 About Lloyd’s Lloyd’s is the world’s leading specialist insurance market, conducting business in over 200 countries and territories worldwide – and is often the first to insure new, unusual or complex risks. We bring together an outstanding concentration of specialist underwriting expertise and talent backed by excellent financial ratings which cover the whole market. This report was produced by the Class of Business and Exposure Management departments within the Lloyd’s Performance Management Directorate. The Class of Business department is responsible for understanding and managing the market’s performance at a class of business level and providing information and support to the market on all underwriting related matters. Lloyd’s Exposure Management team is responsible for understanding and managing market aggregation risks and alerting the market to emerging risks. About the authors Andrew Rees graduated with a degree in geology and his first career move was to work as a mudlogging/pressure control engineer. This involved working on land and mobile offshore drilling units during the drilling of exploration wells and his role included responsibility for the early detection of drilling problems and kick situations. After six years in the oil field, Andrew made the transition to the insurance world, working for two major energy brokers, ultimately as an account executive. Having gained invaluable insurance knowledge in this role over a six year period, Andrew joined Matthews Daniel in 1995 and has been a Director since 2002. He has been involved in the handling of many high profile claims, including the Lapindo Brantas Indonesian mud volcano and the Deepwater Horizon loss. -
Medicare (05-10043)
2021 Medicare SSA.gov What’s inside Medicare 1 What is Medicare? 1 Who can get Medicare? 3 Rules for higher-income beneficiaries 7 Medicare Savings Programs (MSP) 8 Signing up for Medicare 9 Choices for receiving health services 16 If you have other health insurance 16 Contacting Social Security 19 Medicare This booklet provides basic information about Medicare for anyone who’s covered and some of the options available when choosing Medicare coverage. You can visit Medicare.gov or call the toll-free number 1-800-MEDICARE (1-800-633-4227) or the TTY number 1-877-486-2048 for the latest information about Medicare. What is Medicare? Medicare is our country’s federal health insurance program for people age 65 or older. People younger than age 65 with certain disabilities, permanent kidney failure, or amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (Lou Gehrig’s disease), can also qualify for Medicare. The program helps with the cost of health care, but it doesn’t cover all medical expenses or the cost of most long-term care. You have choices for how you get Medicare coverage. If you choose to have Original Medicare (Part A and Part B) coverage, you can buy a Medicare Supplement Insurance (Medigap) policy from a private insurance company. Medigap covers some of the costs that Medicare does not, such as copayments, coinsurance, and deductibles. If you choose Medicare Advantage, you can buy a Medicare-approved plan from a private company that bundles your Part A, Part B, and usually drug coverage (Part D) into one plan. Although the Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services (CMS) is the agency in charge of the Medicare program, Social Security processes your application for Original Medicare (Part A and Part B), and we can give you general information about the Medicare program. -
Trafalgar Booking Conditions
TRAFALGAR BOOKING CONDITIONS BOOKING CONDITIONS SUMMARY BOOKING AND CANCELLATION TERMS Additional Air Extra Chargeable Level 1 Level 2 Level 3 Oberammergau Tickets Accommodation Transfers Deposit due $200 $350 $500 $760 As per airline No additional No additional per person policy deposit required deposit required Final 60 days 90 days 120 90 days As per airline In accordance In accordance Payment days policy with guided with guided Due (before vacation vacation departure) CANCELLATION CHARGES (PER PERSON) IF YOU CANCEL YOUR VACATION (NO. OF DAYS BEFORE TRAVEL) 120 days Deposit Deposit Deposit Deposit $75 plus airline $35 $35 and over charges 119 – 90 Deposit Deposit 30% Deposit $75 plus airline $35 $35 days charges 89 - 60 days Deposit 30% 60% 100 % of $75 plus airline $35 $35 Oberammergau charges supplement + 30% of land only price excl. Oberammergau 59 - 16 days 30% 60% 90% 100 % of $75 plus airline Higher of $35 or Higher of $35 or Oberammergau charges 25% of 25% of transfer supplement + accommodation price 30% of land only price price excl. Oberammergau 15 - 8 days 50% 90% 100% 100 % of $75 plus airline Higher of $35 or Higher of $35 or Oberammergau charges 30% of 30% of transfer supplement + accommodation price 50% of land only price price excl. Oberammergau 7 - 1 days 90% 100% 100% 100% of $75 plus airline 100% of 100% of transfer Oberammergau charges accommodation price supplement + price 90% of land only price excl. Oberammergau Departure 100% 100% 100% 100% $75 plus airline 100% of 100% of transfer Day/No charges accommodation price show price 2 | TRAFALGAR TERMS AND CONDITIONS | Updated 8 June 2021 NOTES: Included flights are outlined in each trip itinerary in our brochure or online. -
Financial Services Integration Worldwide: Promises and Pitfalls
FINANCIAL SERVICES INTEGRATION WORLDWIDE: PROMISES AND PITFALLS Harold D. Skipper, Jr. Thomas P. Bowles Chair of Actuarial Science C.V. Starr Chair of International Insurance Georgia State University Atlanta, GA/USA 1 Table of Contents INTRODUCTION.........................................................................................................................................3 THE MULTIPLE MEANINGS AND FORMS OF FINANCIAL SERVICES INTEGRATION................3 The Meaning of Financial Services Integration.........................................................................................3 Structures for Delivering Integrated Financial Services............................................................................5 THE ECONOMICS OF FINANCIAL SERVICES INTEGRATION..........................................................8 Cost Effects ...............................................................................................................................................8 Revenue Effects.......................................................................................................................................10 Relationship between Effects and Operational Structure ........................................................................11 MANAGEMENT ISSUES IN INTEGRATION ........................................................................................11 Group Structure .......................................................................................................................................11 -
Cargo Insurance, Risk Assessment and Damage Claims
Cargo Insurance, Risk Assessment and Damage Claims Most experienced importers and exporters understand that there is a certain amount of risk associated with the movement of their cargo. The movement and shifting of cargo during transit, exposure to bad weather, handling at origin, ports of lading and unlading and warehouses can all contribute to the possibility that losses from damage will be incurred. Potential theft and pilferage adds additional risk as cargo moves through various points in the supply chain. When assessing risk, it is helpful to consider some common errors and assumptions made by shippers and consignees that can result in unanticipated expenses or inability to recover losses. Carrier Limits of Liability Many shippers and importers make the mistake of assuming that the carrier’s liability is equal to the value of the merchandise, when in fact, their liability is minimal. For ocean carriers, the liability is limited to $500 per CSU (customary shipping unit). The CSU could be the entire ocean shipping container, a pallet, or a carton, depending on how the freight was described on the bill of lading. The liability for international air carriers will depend on which convention the country of destination has adopted. Under the Warsaw Convention, the limit is $9.07/pound or $20/kilogram. For domestic air carriers and domestic truckers, a liability limit of $50/pound is commonplace. Cargo Insurance Exclusions and Gaps in Coverage In most situations, it will be necessary to obtain cargo insurance that covers the value of the merchandise, plus amounts for international freight and customs clearance charges. -
Scotiagold Passport® Visa* Card Welcome Kit
ScotiaGold Passport® Visa* Card Welcome Kit Your passport to outstanding travel benefits and reward flexibility You‘re richer than you think®. TABLE OF CONTENTS TRAVEL BENEFITS AND MORE ........................ 3 • Thank you for choosing the ScotiaGold Passport® Visa* card ................. 3 • Enjoy travelling? .......................................... 4 • Scotia Rewards Program ............................5-8 • Your Passport to travel savings ....................9 • Your Passport includes Travel Protection ....................................10-13 • Convenience ...........................................13-15 • Scotia Credit Card Protection (optional) ....15 • Scotiabank‘s Privacy Commitment .............16 • Scotia Rewards® Program – Terms & Conditions ............................... 17-28 • Certificate of Purchase Security, Extended Warranty, Lost Luggage, Delayed Luggage and Hotel/ Motel Burglary ...................................... 29-38 • Certificate of Common Carrier Travel Accident Insurance ..................... 39-44 • Travel Emergency Medical Certificate of Insurance .........................45-55 • Rental Car Collision/Loss Damage Certificate of Insurance .........................56-63 • Telephone Directory ...................................64 Travel benefits and more Thank you for choosing the ScotiaGold Passport® Visa* card. This Welcome Kit is your passport to all of the outstanding features and benefits you now enjoy as a Cardmember including the Scotia Rewards® Program, which rewards you generously with valuable points