Today, We Will Analyze the Causes of the Cold War. Have You Ever Met

Learning Objective Name ______

Today, we will analyze1 the causes of the Cold War. 1 look at carefully

CFU What are we going to do today? What does analyze mean?

Activate (or provide) Prior Knowledge

Have you ever met two people who are always almost ready to fight but never actually fight? What do you think creates this constant tension2 between them? 2 unfriendliness

CFU Pair-share with the above questions. All of you can tell me what creates constant tension between people. Following the Second World War, the United States and a country called the Soviet Union threatened—but never actually fought—each other. This threat was called the Cold War. Today, we will analyze the causes of the Cold War.

DataWORKS Educational Research 10th History-Social Science 9.2 (8Q) (800) 495-1550 • www.dataworks-ed.com Analyze the causes of the Cold War, with the free world on one side and Soviet ©2011 All rights reserved. client states on the other, including competition for influence in such places as Comments? [email protected] Egypt, the Congo, Vietnam, and Chile. Lesson to be used by EDI-trained teachers only.

Concept Development A Cold War is a state of hostility between countries without actual warfare. The Cold War was the state of hostility between the United States and the Soviet Union (U.S.S.R.). • The Cold War lasted from the end of World War II in 1945 until the collapse3 of the Soviet Union in 1991. • Both countries built up arms without actually engaging in any armed conflict. • U.S. citizens built fallout shelters for protection in case of a nuclear attack. • Political4 differences and security concerns were the primary causes of tension between these two former allies5. 3 failure of a country 4 activities of the government 5 country that agrees to support another country

The Cold War had its origins6 in many events where the U.S. and U.S.S.R. had different political opinions. 6 where something starts

 Russian Revolution of 1917 Created Soviet Union as a communist country

 World War II 1935 – 1945 Invasion of U.S.S.R. and security for Europe. Building a defensive buffer zone of countries between Europe and the U.S.S.R.

 Yalta Conference February 1945 Roosevelt, Stalin, and Churchill met in Yalta, Russia, to divide Europe and govern Germany

 Potsdam Conference July 1945 Further defined the future of Germany in Potsdam, Germany

CFU How long did the Cold War last? Which two major countries were involved in the Cold War? Name one event that led to the Cold War. Which is an example of a part of the Cold War? How do you know? A. distrust between the United States and the Soviet Union B. many battles and casualties In your own words, what was the Cold War? The Cold War was ______.

Importance The Cold War was the state of hostility between the United States and the Soviet Union (U.S.S.R.) without actual warfare.

It is important to analyze the causes of the Cold War because: 1. the Cold War divided most of the countries of the world into two opposing alliances (see map above in Concept Development).

2. the Cold War still has a major impact on our world today. Many countries are still in turmoil from conflicts that started during the Cold War. The recent revolutions and unrest in Egypt, Libya, and other African nations have their roots in the Cold War. 3. analyzing the causes of the Cold War will help you do well on tests.

CFU Does anyone else have another reason why it is important to analyze the causes of the Cold War? (pair- share) Why is it important to analyze the causes of the Cold War? You may give me one of my reasons or one of your own. Which reason is the most important to you? Why?

Skill Development/Guided Practice The Cold War was the state of hostility between the United States and the Soviet Union without actual warfare.

Analyze the causes of the Cold War. Step #1: Read the text, carefully. a. Identify the details about the causes of the Cold War. (underline) Step #2: Describe the event. Step #3: Describe the political differences and security concerns that arose from the event.

Event Political Differences Security Concerns Russian Revolution of 1917

World War II

Yalta Conference

Potsdam Conference

CFU How did I describe an event? How did I analyze how the event helped cause the Cold War? How did you describe an event? How did you analyze how the event helped cause the Cold War? What differences were noticeable between the U.S.S.R. and the U.S. after the Russian Revolution? Why did the Soviets want the countries on their border to be communist? How did this contribute to the Cold War?

The Cold War: The Early Years 1. The Cold War (approximately communists from taking over the 1945-1991) was the state of hostility country. without actual warfare that existed 11. During World War II, even between the United States and the though they were on the same side, the Soviet Union (U.S.S.R.) from after World Americans and Soviets did not War II until the collapse of the Soviet completely trust each other. 12. This Union. 2. Although the U.S. and Soviet mistrust carried over to how Europe Union were allies1 during World War II, would be kept safe after the war. the two countries disagreed about how 13. Each country had distinct4 ideas on the post-war world should be formed. 3. how to keep Europe safe, and this The U.S. and the U.S.S.R. were the two created differences when trying to make superpowers in the world, and they had treaties to end the war. great influence over politics, economics, 14. The Soviets had a history of being and technology of other countries. 4. In invaded from the West and they were fact, many other countries would align2 worried this would continue unless the with either the U.S. or the Soviet Union U.S.S.R. could control the governments in support of their policies. 5. This Cold of the countries it bordered to create a War had its origins3 in many events buffer zone. 15. The U.S. wanted where the U.S. and U.S.S.R. had countries to establish U.S.-style different opinions. governments which would allow 6. It is possible that the origins of countries to resolve differences through the Cold War go back to the end of peaceful means. 16. These differences World War I and the Russian Revolution in views on security helped reinforce the of 1917. 7. The creation of the Soviet Cold War divisions. Union as the first communist country 17. In 1945, during the final stages and its rejection of capitalism made of World War II, Franklin Roosevelt, the relations between the U.S.S.R. and the president of the United States, Joseph U.S. a major concern for both nations. 8. Stalin, the general secretary of the Their different government systems led Soviet Union, and Winston Churchill, the to different beliefs about the role each British prime minister—called “The Big country should play in the world and Three”—met at Yalta to divide up how each country should be run in Europe and govern post-war Germany. terms of political, economic, and social 18. The Big Three agreed to divide policies. 9. The Soviet Union also held a Germany into four occupation zones5, deep mistrust of the U.S. 10. This was the U.S.S.R., the U.S., Britain, and largely because American troops were France, one for each country. 19. The landed on Russian soil during the city of Berlin was also divided into four revolution to try and stop the

1 countries on the same side 4 different 2 support and go along 5 (occupation zones) divisions to be governed by a given 3 start country DataWORKS Educational Research 10th History-Social Science 9.2 (8Q) (800) 495-1550 • www.dataworks-ed.com Analyze the causes of the Cold War, with the free world on one side and Soviet ©2011 All rights reserved. client states on the other, including competition for influence in such places as Comments? [email protected] Egypt, the Congo, Vietnam, and Chile. Lesson to be used by EDI-trained teachers only. sectors6, as well. 20. Each zone or prevent another invasion. 31. These sector was to be controlled by the early events of the Cold War helped the country that occupied it. 21. In addition, U.S. and the U.S.S.R. establish beliefs Roosevelt wanted Soviet support7 in the and policies that would lead to later war against Japan; Churchill wanted events such as the Korean War, the democracies in Eastern Europe, and Vietnam Conflict, and the Cuban Missile Stalin wanted a Soviet bloc of influence Crisis. in Eastern Europe. 22. Ultimately, the U.S.S.R. attacked Japan, which the U.S. saw as an attempt by the Soviet Union to expand its influence to Asia. 23. The U.S. did not want the U.S.S.R. to export communism to other countries. 24. The governments in invaded countries would be returned to their pre-war governments with free elections; however, Stalin did not honor that, and Poland became a pro-Soviet, communist state in 1949. 25. Despite the Western opposition, communism was spreading. 26. The Potsdam Conference, also held in 1945, further defined the future of Germany. 27. Harry S. Truman, the new U.S. president, Stalin, and Clement Attlee, the new British prime minister, formally agreed to the division of Germany that had been discussed at the Yalta Conference. 28. The West officially recognized the communist government in Poland. 29. Stalin had already installed8 Communist governments in many central European countries, and the Western leaders were suspicious of his future plans to expand communism into Europe. 30. On the other hand, Stalin still felt threatened by the West and wanted a buffer of friendly countries in Eastern Europe in order to

6 areas 7 help 8 put DataWORKS Educational Research 10th History-Social Science 9.2 (8Q) (800) 495-1550 • www.dataworks-ed.com Analyze the causes of the Cold War, with the free world on one side and Soviet ©2011 All rights reserved. client states on the other, including competition for influence in such places as Comments? [email protected] Egypt, the Congo, Vietnam, and Chile. Lesson to be used by EDI-trained teachers only.

Closure The Cold War was the state of hostility between the United States and the Soviet Union without actual warfare.

1. Analyze the causes of the Cold War by completing the graphic organizer. 2. In your own words, what was the Cold War? Step #1: Using the text and your graphic organizer, answer the questions below. 1. Describe the political differences between the Soviet Union and the United States. ______

2. Describe how security concerns after World War II contributed to the Cold War. ______

What did you learn today about analyzing the causes of the Cold War? Day 1 ______

Day 2 ______

Independent Practice Name ______The Cold War was the state of hostility between the United States and the Soviet Union without actual warfare.

Analyze the causes of the Cold War. Step #1: Carefully read the question. Step #2: Use the text and the graphic organizer to answer the question.

1. In what ways did the Russian Revolution lead to the Cold War? ______

2. Describe how Stalin’s actions in 1945 helped lead to the Cold War? ______

3. Describe the events at Yalta and Potsdam that helped lead to the Cold War? ______

4. In your own words, what do you think is the major cause of the Cold War? Why? ______

The Cold War (approximately 1945 – 1991) was the state of hostility without actual warfare that existed between the United States and the Soviet Union (U.S.S.R.) from after World War II until the collapse of the Soviet Union.

Explain why these cartoons are used to depict the Cold War.

Explain why this picture would not be used to depict the Cold War.

Explain which of these pictures best depicts capitalism. How do you know? Explain which of these pictures best depicts communism. How do you know? a) Private citizens, like Henry Ford, owned their own businesses.

b) Farmers disking up the soil on a collective farm.

 Yalta Conference Roosevelt, Stalin, and Churchill met to divide Europe and govern Germany.

Left to right, they are Winston Churchill, Prime Minister of The United Kingdom; Franklin D. Roosevelt, President of the United States; and Joseph Stalin, the general secretary of the Soviet Union.

On July 16th 1945, the “Big Three” leaders met at Potsdam, Germany, near Berlin. In this, the last of the World War II heads- of-state conferences, British Prime Minister Attlee, President Truman, and Soviet Premier Stalin met to make post-war arrangements in Europe, frequently without agreement.

Yalta and Potsdam Even at the Yalta Conference of February 1945 there were signs of conflict. The war was still going on, but it was clear that Hitler was going to be defeated, so the allies met to decide how they would organize Europe after the war. It was easy to agree to bring Nazi war-criminals to trial, admit the USSR into the United Nations, and divide Germany into four ‘zones’, occupied by Britain, France, the USA, and the USSR. But there was tension about two things: firstly, the kind of governments that would be set up in eastern Europe, particularly Poland (in the end, the allies published a Declaration of Liberated Europe agreeing to set up ‘democratic and self-governing countries’ and to ‘the holding of free elections as soon as possible’; the fact that ‘democracy’ and ‘free elections’ meant different things to the two sides was passed over). The second source of conflict – reparations – was postponed by agreeing to set up a commission to look into the matter. When the three met at Potsdam (July 1945), Hitler had been defeated. Also Roosevelt (who had liked Stalin) had died and been replaced as US president by Truman, who was aggressively anti-Communist, and who had the atomic bomb (when Russia did not). Most of all, Stalin had recently ordered the non- communist leaders in Poland arrested. So at Potsdam, the tensions below the surface at Yalta – about Eastern Europe and reparations – came out into open disagreement. The Protocols agreed at Potsdam merely repeated the agreements at Yalta, except that Russia was allowed to take reparations from the Soviet Zone, and also 10% of the industrial equipment of the western zones as reparations.

Cold Wars • Rome and Carthage, Mid 3rd Century BC-146 BC: The main contest regarding Mediterranean dominance, often being fought through the Punic Wars. • 92 BC–627: Relations between the Roman Republic and Empire and their successor the Byzantine Empire on the one hand and the Parthian Empire and its Sassanid successor on the other, could be characterized as decades of cold war interspersed with outbursts of direct warfare. Known as the Roman–Persian Wars, that ancient cold war had most of the above-mentioned characteristics of modern ones, such as war by proxy involving such satellites as Armenia and various pre-Islamic Arab tribes. • 1608–1755: The war for control of North America between the British and French. • The Great Game, 1813-1907: Geopolitical conflict between the Russian and British Empires over influence in Central Asia. • 1892–1914: United Kingdom, France, and Russian Empire vs. Germany and Austria–Hungary set off by the formation of the German Empire, which politically and geographically challenged the older empires of Europe, and the fall of Otto von Bismarck, whose system of alliances placated the major powers about the potential danger of Germany. • 1923–present: Greece vs. Turkey (see Cyprus), set off by the post-World War I political troubles left from the defunct Ottoman Empire • 1947–1991: United States vs. Soviet Union - the Cold War set off by the ideological and political differences of the victors of World War II • 1949–1979: United States vs. People's Republic of China (see Sino-American relations), part of the Cold War • 1949–present: People's Republic of China vs. Taiwan (see Political status of Taiwan), set off by the Chinese Civil War's conclusion • 1953–present: North Korea vs. South Korea (see Korean reunification), set off by the conclusion of the Korean War • 1962–present: United States vs. Cuba (see Cuba – United States relations)