DOCSLIB.ORG

Bethlehem Farm 153 Dwars River Valley, Drakenstein

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Bethlehem Farm 153 Dwars River Valley, Drakenstein BETHLEHEM FARM 153 DWARS RIVER VALLEY, DRAKENSTEIN HISTORICAL SURVEY OF ITS OWNERS & THE EARLY FRENCH CONGREGATION JANUARY 2009 VIEW TOWARDS BETHLEHEM FARMYARD (BOSCHENDAL CATALOGUE) Prepared for BOSCHENDAL ESTATE Drakenstein HENNIE VOS Historical Archaeologist and Consultant ARCape Consultancy PO Box 379 Stellenbosch (082-217-0036 Fax 021-889-8956) 2 CONTENTS EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS 1. INTRODUCTION 2 2. GOALS 2 3. DESCRIPTION OF THE FARM 4 4. HISTORICAL BACKGROUND: DRAKENSTEIN >1680 4.1 Dutch farmers 1680-1687 12 4.2 Dutch farmers >1687 16 4.3 French farmers >1687-1689 18 4.4 Condition of farmers 1680-1710 21 5. BUILDINGS OF THE PIONEER SETTLERS 5.1 Cape Town 24 5.2 Stellenbosch 24 5.3 French Refugees: Berg river Pioneers 1687-1710 26 5.3.1 Early conditions 26 5.3.2 Labour force 26 5.3.3 Knechten 29 5.4 Structures: Pioneer Period 30 5.4.1 General: Cape & Simondium 30 5.4.2 Bergen Henegouwen (Donkerhoek) 31 5.4.3 Fredericksberg & La Motte 32 5.4.4 Conclusion 35 6. DRAKENSTEIN CONGREGATION 6.1 Farmyard Period 1687-1694 37 6.1.1 Placement of religious worship: Farmyard church 37 6.1.2 Simond versus De Savoye feuds 42 6.1.3 Simond argues for a Church Council 44 6.1.4 Simond offended De Savoye at baptismal ceremony 45 6.1.5 Government positions of Church and State 46 6.1.6 Simond and De Savoye as businessmen 46 6.1.7 Paul Roux: Voorleser and Krankebezoeker 50 6.2 Early burials 1688-1694 55 6.3 Schoolmeesters 1694-1720 55 6.4 Summary Pioneer period within Frontier Model 61 3 7. BETHLEHEM: OWNERS 7.1 Pierre Simond 1688 – 1702 65 7.1.1 Origin and family 65 7.1.2 Allocation of farms 66 7.2 Simond settled at Bethlehem 70 7.2.1 Lodgings and structures 70 7.2.2 Main house: Pastorie 72 7.2.3 Naming of farms 74 7.2.4 Bethlehem 75 7.3 Agricultural activities 76 7.3.1 Free Knechten 76 7.3.2 Mererust (Meerrust) versus Zandvliet 77 7.3.3 Labourers 81 7.4 Church activities 85 7.4.1 General 85 7.4.2 The “Babilons Tooren” Barn-church 1694 85 7.4.3 Simond & the church members 88 7.5 Simond prepares to leave 89 7.6 Sale of properties and possessions 90 7.7 Simond and his descendants overseas 91 7.8 Contribution of Simond 93 8. SECUNDE SAMUEL ELSEVIER 1702 – 1707 8.1 General 95 8.2 Elsenburg and Bethlehem 95 9. CLAAS VAN DE WESTHUIZEN 1707 – 1719 9.1 Background 97 9.2 Farming conditions 99 10. LANDDROST NICOLAAS VAN DEN HEUVEL 1719 – 1735 10.1 Background 102 10.2 Farming conditions 103 11. OLOF DE WET 1735 – 1756 11.1 Family background 104 11.2 Early Zilver-mining exploits >1685 106 11.3 Zilvermine complex >1740 107 11.4 Muller’s marriage and death of spouse 110 11.5 Dissolvement of mining company 111 4 12. EDUARD CHRISTIAAN HAUMAN 1756 – 1758 12.1 Background 112 12.2 Interlude at Bethlehem 113 12.3 Return to Simondium 114 12.4 Character of Eduard Hauman 114 13. HENDRIK C. VAN NIEUWKERKEN 1758 – 1775 13.1 Background 116 13.2 Farming activities 116 14. ANDRIES STEPHANUS DU TOIT 1775 – 1790 118 15. JACOB DANIEL DE VILLIERS 1790 – 1804 15.1 Background 121 15.2 Farming activities 121 16. JOHANNES JOSUA MIN(N)AAR 1804 – 1829 121 17. JACOB HENDRIK DE VILLIERS J.D. son 1829 – 1840 127 18. THE HAUPT OWNERS 1840 – 1886 18.1 Carel Albrecht Haupt jr 1840 – 1853 130 18.2 Petrus Johannes Haupt, Carel’s son 1853 – 1875 133 18.3 Carel Albrecht Haupt, Philip son 1875 – 1878 133 18.4 Anna Carolina Haupt (born Haupt) 1878 – 1886 134 19. LATER INDIVIDUAL FARMERS 1886 – 1950 19.1 Walter Herbert Mills 1886 – 1893 137 19.2 Joseph James Hill 1893 – 1919 137 19.3 Percival Ross Frames, Trustee 1919 – 1950 137 20. FINAL INVESTORS 1950 – 2008 20.1 Bridport Investment Co. (Pty) Ltd 1950 – 1960 139 20.2 From Bridges to Boschendal Estate 1958 – 2003 140 21. SIGNIFICANCE OF BETHLEHEM 141 22. RECOMMENDATIONS 145 23. REFERENCES 146 5 ADDENDA ADD.1 Text of Bethlehem by Fransen & Cook 1965:123. ADD.2 Francois Leguat, 1698 at the Cape (New voyages to the east, 1703) (Raven-Hart II 1971:426-438. Pages copied: 431/2. ADD.3 Paul Roux 1660-1723. SABW III: 1961:743 (A.M. Hugo). ADD.4 Grant of Bethlehem to Petrus Simond 28.3.1696 (SGD 5/1696). ADD.5 Bethlehem Diagram (SGD 5/1696), resurveyed by C.D. Wentzel with his annotated subscript of c.1754 (transcription by A. Crzesinski) (Boschendal Catalogue). ADD.6 Conditions in respect of Pierre Simond’s employment (RPR III: 195/6). ADD.7 Extract from Mentzel’s Description of the Cape in respect to French refugees. (Mentzel 1785, Vol I. Published 1921:66-68). ADD.8 Letter extract of 15.6.1689 by Simond in context of Khoi on his farm (Franken1978:197). ADD.9 Zilvermine c.1688, Zorgvliet (owner J. Mulder) (Kolbe I 1727:118). ADD.10 Zilvermine, Request in 1743 by Olof de Wet (Leibbrandt I 1906:374/5). ADD.11 Bethlehem Inventory 19.8.1777, Johanna M. le Roes. ADD.12 Bethlehem Inventory 18.9.1777, Johanna M. le Roes. ADD.13 Bethlehem: Perpetual Quitrent 6, 12 (SGD 212 / 1822). TABLES TABLE 1 Slaves owned by Petrus Simond 1690-1702 82 TABLE 2 Origin of slaves owned by P. Simond 83 TABLE 3 Owners of Bethlehem, Drakenstein 1690-1840 86 TABLE 4 Tax-returns of owners of Bethlehem, 18th century 96 TABLE 5 Genealogical layout of the early families involved with Bethlehem 100 TABLE 6 Owners of Bethlehem, Drakenstein 1840-2000 129 ABBREVIATIONS RPR - Resolusies van die Politieke Raad SABW - SA Biografiese Woordeboek SABD - SA Biographical Dictionary CA - Cape Archives L&H - Landdrost & Heemrade m - morgen DV&P - De Villiers & Pama ƒ - gulden PS - Pierre (Petrus) Simond Rxd - Rixdaalder DS - De Savoye PQ - Perpetual Quitrent DO - Deeds Office OSF - Old Stellenbosch Freehold T. - Transport SGD - Surveyor General Diagram 6 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY The farm Bethlehem (1688) is situated in the Bangehoek, Dwars River Valley flood plain, adjacent to Kylemore village, but off the beaten track. Its secluded location has protected it from upscale developments, but its rundown state requires urgent conservation measures. Bethlehem is significant for a number of reasons, ranging from perspectives of historic, spiritual, personality, slavery, Khoi empowerment strategies, and archaeological potential values. Bethlehem is one of the rare Biblical names in the Cape, and the only farm that served as a Pastorie during the French refugee congregation period. Pierre or Petrus Simond (wife & 5 children) was as an exemplary leader and mediator with the authorities, and guided his flock of sheep (and goats) remarkably well during his pastorship (1688 – 1702). Simond’s two publications in the Netherlands (Psalms of David 1700 and a sermon 1697), both sourced to Bethlehem, are the earliest published SA literature (early 1700). Simondium village and school are the only reminders of his heritage today. The Barn-church at Simondium was the centre of gravity for all the French settlers for more than two decades (1694-1716). When the church and its activities moved to Paarl, Bethlehem was spiritually side-tracked to obscurity. Bethlehem is the only farm of 60 morgen that was partitioned in 3 oblong strips of land, cultivated primarily by two French free-servants (knechten) with Simond sharing in one third of the crop profits. No other farm in Drakenstein or Stellenbosch exhibits these characteristics (see Ch. 7.8, p.93: Contribution of Simond). Bethlehem is the only farm with a building erected by the VOC, the other structures built by its successive owners since 1688. Two racial issues are of particular relevance, viz. the practice of bought labour (slavery), in contrast to the wage employment of the free Khoi. Bethlehem, on the borderline of civilization, was actually the focal point of land rights that were not utilized and an opportunity that slipped by the Khoi in the late 17th century. Various well-known personalities followed after Simond, e.g. the Company official, Secunde Samuel Elsevier of Elsenburg, and ex-landdrost Nicholaas van den Heuvel, managed the cereal and vine farm between 1702 and 1719. Olof de Wet, owner for 20 years, was responsible for the Zilver mining operations and Director of the Cape’s worst financial fiasco, fleecing its highest officials during the 1740s. Afterwards, Bethlehem was owned by some rich men, but high mortgages and the economic slump of the 19th century brought the farm a few times to bankruptcy. During the 1950s speculative subdivisions into 15 Portions came to naught and by 1958 Rhodes Fruit Farms obtained the properties. Since then the farm has never really played a significant role in any way (see Ch.21, p.141: Significance of Bethlehem). The heritage value of the farmyard, the conservation of its 8 buildings and the archaeological potential of the scattered ruins need to be seriously considered and addressed. Bethlehem could become integrated into various tourist related issues of today (see Ch.22, p.145: Recommendations). 7 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I would like to express my appreciation to the following for assisting with material, without which this report would be much poorer in content. 1. Sara Winter of Bauman & Winter Consultants. 2. Consultant Sally Titlestad for access to the Boschendal Estate Catalogue of historical images and evidence (2008). 3. Consultant Mariane Gertenbach for select photographs and material. 4. Franschhoek Museum for genealogical information.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Drakenstein 2017 Socio-Economic Profile
    Drakenstein Municipality 2017 DRAKENSTEIN: AT A GLANCE 1. DEMOGRAPHICS 1 2. EDUCATION 3 3. HEALTH 7 4. POVERTY 12 5. BASIC SERVICE DELIVERY 15 6. SAFETY AND SECURITY 19 7. THE ECONOMY 24 8. INFRASTRUCTURE DEVELOPMENT 28 SOURCES 33 Drakenstein: At a Glance Population Estimates, 2018; Actual households, 2016 273 066 71 686 2016 2016 Matric Pass Rate 86.7% Gini Coefficient 0.59 Learner-Teacher Ratio 36.5 Human Development Index 0.71 Gr 12 Drop-out Rate 26.0% 2016 16 78.3% 0.0 5.5% Percentage change between 2016 and 2017 in number of reported cases per 100 000 -1.4% -2.8% 19.0% 57.9% 1.6% Percentage of households with access to basic services, 2016 99.5% 90.6% 94.5% 98.4% 90.3% 2016 2016 Drought 53 Unemployment Rate Financial Sustainability (Grant dependency) 61 14.9% Stagnating Economic Growth Contribution to GDP, 2015 Finance, insurance, real estate Wholesale and retail trade, Manufacturing and business services catering and accommodation 21.2% 17.7% 16.1% 1 DEMOGRAPHICS Department of Health, 2016 This first chapter of the SEP focusses on the people living in Drakenstein itself. A demographic perspective on a municipality allows to observe not only simple changes in population growth, but also to look at other various developments that influence the social life of every citizen. Demographics allow to emphasise aspects of society like, e.g. gender, race, migration or life expectancy. Decisions made by politicians as well as by the administration affect in almost every case at least one aspect of Demographics.
    [Show full text]
  • Potential for Integration of Distributed Solar Photovoltaic Systems in Drakenstein Municipality EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
    TECHNICAL REPORT ZA 2015 Energy Potential for integration of distributed solar photovoltaic systems in Drakenstein municipality EXECUTIVE SUMMARY Using Drakenstein Municipality as a case study, this report analyses the potential impacts of the installation of roof top PV by residential and industrial users on the municipal revenue generated by electricity sales. Secondly, the report investigates the potential for Municipalities to play a more pro-active role in rolling out of distributed energy to address electricity constraints and generate income. This is done through an analysis of three municipal buildings to determine their suitability for rooftop PV followed by a pre-feasibility report (both technical and financial) in respect of the optimal building selected. The overall analysis of solar potential of the area shows that a typical site within the Drakenstein Municipality has a fair solar resource and PV yield. If a PV array is installed within the municipal area, orientated to the north and inclined at an optimised angle of 29°, a performance ratio of approximately 77% is achieved. The high temperature in the summer months reduces the efficiency of the PV panels and the presence of Paarl Mountain limits the late afternoon generation capacity. However, in comparison to other sites in South Africa, a typical site in the area of focus has a good solar yield. Using available data from two case studies, one residential and one industrial user, together with an additional analysis, the maximum amount of PV that can be installed in the Drakenstein municipal district before grid studies are needed is quantified. The electricity generated from this calculated installed PV capacity is compared with the load profiles at the substations, where load data was available, to evaluate the impact of such PV installations.
    [Show full text]
  • Large Scale Quantification of Aquifer Storage and Volumes from the Peninsula and Skurweberg Formations in the Southwestern Cape
    Large scale quantification of aquifer storage and volumes from the Peninsula and Skurweberg Formations in the southwestern Cape Dylan Blake*, Andiswa Mlisa and Chris Hartnady Umvoto Africa (Pty) Ltd,PO Box 61, Muizenberg, 7950, Western Cape, South Africa Abstract The Western Cape Province of South Africa is a relatively water-scarce area as a result of the Mediterranean climate experienced. Due to the increased usage of groundwater, and the requirement to know how much water is available for use, it is imperative as a 1st step to establish an initial estimate of groundwater in storage. The storage capacity, namely, the total available storage of the different aquifers, and the storage yield of the fractured quartzitic Peninsula and Skurweberg Formation aquifers of the Table Mountain Group (TMG), are calculated with a spreadsheet and Geographic Information System (GIS) model. This model is based on the aquifer geometry and estimated values (based on measured data) for porosity and specific storage (calculated using the classic Jacob relation). The aquifer geometry is calculated from 1:50 000 and 1:250 000 geological contacts, faults and major fractures, with dips and aquifer formation thickness calculated through structural geology 1st principles using a Digital Elevation Model (DEM). Balanced geological cross-sections constructed through the model areas provide an important check for the aquifer top and bottom surface depth values produced by the GIS model. The storage modelling undertaken here forms part of the City of Cape Town TMG Aquifer Feasibility Study and Pilot Project, with modelling focusing on the 3 main groundwater target areas at Theewaterskloof (Nuweberg), Wemmershoek and Kogelberg-Steenbras.
    [Show full text]
  • Drakenstein Heritage Survey Reports
    DRAKENSTEIN HERITAGE SURVEY VOLUME 1: HERITAGE SURVEY REPORT October 2012 Prepared by the Drakenstein Landscape Group for the Drakenstein Municipality P O BOX 281 MUIZENBERG 7950 Sarah Winter Tel: (021) 788-9313 Fax:(021) 788-2871 Cell: 082 4210 510 E-mail: [email protected] Sarah Winter BA MCRP (UCT) Nicolas Baumann BA MCRP (UCT) MSc (OxBr) D.Phil(York) TRP(SA) MSAPI, MRTPI Graham Jacobs BArch (UCT) MA Conservation Studies (York) Pr Arch MI Arch CIA Melanie Attwell BA (Hons) Hed (UCT) Dip. Arch. Conservation (ICCROM) Acknowledgements The Drakenstein Heritage Survey has been undertaken with the invaluable input and guidance from the following municipal officials: Chantelle de Kock, Snr Heritage Officer Janine Penfold, GIS officer David Delaney, HOD Planning Services Anthea Shortles, Manager: Spatial Planning Henk Strydom, Manager: Land Use The input and comment of the following local heritage organizations is also kindly acknowledged. Drakenstein Heritage Foundation Paarl 300 Foundation LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS The following abbreviations have been used: General abbreviations HOZ: Heritage Overlay Zone HWC: Heritage Western Cape LUPO: Land Use Planning Ordinance NHRA: The National Heritage Resources act (Act 25 of 1999) PHA: Provincial Heritage Authority PHS: Provincial Heritage Site SAHRA: The South African Heritage Resources Agency List of abbreviations used in the database Significance H: Historical Significance Ar: Architectural Significance A: Aesthetic Significance Cx: Contextual Significance S: Social Significance Sc: Scientific Significance Sp: Spiritual Significance L: Linguistic Significance Lm: Landmark Significance T: Technological Significance Descriptions/Comment ci: Cast Iron conc.: concrete cor iron: Corrugated iron d/s: double sliding (normally for sash windows) fb: facebrick med: medium m: metal pl: plastered pc: pre-cast (normally concrete) s/s: single storey Th: thatch St: stone Dating 18C: Eighteenth Century 19C: Nineteenth Century 20C: Twentieth Century E: Early e.g.
    [Show full text]
  • Drakenstein Proves Small Municipalities Can Save Water
    Water demand management Drakenstein proves small municipalities can save water The Drakenstein Municipality has earned countrywide respect for its efforts to reduce non-revenue water, boasting one of the lowest water loss percentages in the country. Sue Mattews found out why. Sue Matthews elegates at the Third The Drakenstein Municipal- Pressure management was the Regional African Water ity includes the towns of Paarl and first aspect to be addressed, because Leakage Summit held in Wellington, as well as the small system pressures were excessively DAugust 2013 were clearly impressed settlements of Hermon, Gouda and high in places, resulting in numerous with a presentation by Drakenstein Saron, dotted along the Berg River pipe bursts. Apart from the increased Municipality’s water services engi- as it makes its way to the Atlantic frequency of water leaks, the elevated neer, André Kowalewski, demonstrat- Ocean. It is home to approximately leak flow rates associated with high ing their approval with extended 255 000 people, whose water sup- pressures and the need for repairs applause. The presentation, entitled ply is delivered via some 650 km of added to the costs. ‘Water demand management and pipes, 28 reservoirs of 0.8 to 100 Mℓ The two pressure zones in Paarl conservation successes since 2000’, capacity, and 16 booster pump sta- were increased to six on the advice revealed how non-revenue water tions. The decision to implement of GLS Consulting, contracted for in this Western Cape municipality water demand management interven- hydraulic modelling of the municipal- had been reduced from 34% to only tions in 2000 was taken in light of an ity’s entire water reticulation network.
    [Show full text]
  • 2018/2024 Integrated Development Plan (IDP)
    2018/2024 Integrated Development Plan (IDP) 2019 review DRAKENSTEIN MUNICIPALITY INTEGRATED DEVELOPMENT PLAN (IDP) | 2019/2020 TABLE OF CONTENTS FOREWORD BY THE EXECUTIVE MAYOR 6 OVERVIEW BY THE MUNICIPAL MANAGER 7 1.1 INTEGRATED DEVELOPMENT PLAN (IDP) CONTEXT 9 1.2 THE PLANNING PROCESS 10 CHAPTER 1: 1.3 IMPLEMENTATION OF THE IDP 13 INTRODUCTION AND 1.4 ANNUAL REVIEW OF THE IDP 13 BACKGROUND 1.5 WHAT THE REVIEW IS NOT 13 1.6 THE ORGANISATION 14 1.7 STRATEGIC POLICY DIRECTIVES 17 2.1 DRAKENSTEIN PROFILE 42 2.2 WARD ANALYSIS 79 2.3 SITUATIONAL ANALYSIS PER KPA AND KFA 80 KPA1: Good Governance 81 KPA2: Financial Sustainability 92 CHAPTER 2: KPA3: Institutional Transformation 96 SITUATIONAL ANALYSIS KPA4: Physical Infrastructure and Services 103 KPA5: Planning and Economic Development 113 KPA6: Safety and Environmental Management 128 KPA7: Social and Community Development 140 2.4 PARTNERING FOR DEVELOPMENT 152 3.1 VISION 154 3.2 MISSION 154 3.3 CORPORATE VALUES 154 CHAPTER 3: 3.4 KEY PERFORMANCE AREAS 155 DEVELOPMENT 3.5 CONTEXT OF THE STRATEGY 157 STRATEGIES 3.6 ELEMENTS OF THE STRATEGY 158 3.7 IDENTIFICATION OF THE CATALYTIC ZONES 161 3.5 FIVE-YEAR PERFORMANCE SCORECARD CHAPTER 4: LONG- TERM FINANCIAL PLAN CHAPTER 5: SERVICE 5.1 INTRODUCTION DELIVERY AND BUDGET 5.2 HIGH LEVEL SDBIP TARGETS AND INDICATORS IMPLEMENTATION 5.3 REPORTING ON THE SDBIP PLAN 5.4 MONITORING AND THE ADJUSTMENTS BUDGET PROCESS ANNEXURES 2 A city of excellence DRAKENSTEIN MUNICIPALITY INTEGRATED DEVELOPMENT PLAN (IDP) | 2019/2020 Glossary of Acronyms AC : Audit Committee
    [Show full text]
  • Part 2 Performance
    PROGRAMME PART 2 PERFORMANCE The services rendered by the Cultural Commission are aligned with the duties and powers of the Commission as set out in the Western Cape Cultural Commission and Cultural Councils Act, 1998 (Act 14 of 1998). G o a l K ey Perf orm an ce Ta rg e t Perf o rman c e Re s ul ts Rea s on f or Va r i a n c e I n d i c a t o r Letting cultural facili- Optimal use of Facilities in use for at least Facilities used for appro x i- N o n e ties placed under the facilities by org a n i- 45 000 people-days mately 67 479 people-days supervision of the sations for the Commission by the p reservation, pro- Minister for the motion and devel- p res erv a tio n , p ro m o- opment of culture tion and develop- in t h e We s t e r n ment of culture in the C a p e We s t e r n C ape I n c re as ed u se of A ff o rdable facilities Accessibility to seven cul- 7,3% increase in number N o n e f ac i lit ies b y g ro u p s for all communities tural facilities of groups and 2,7% f rom previously dis- in t h e We s t e r n i n c rease in number of peo- advantaged commu- C a p e ple making use of facilities nities.
    [Show full text]
  • Who Lived in the Stellenbosch Winelands Before 1652?
    WHO LIVED IN THE STELLENBOSCH WINELANDS BEFORE 1652? This short essay describes what is currently known about the archaeology and history of the Stone Age people who lived in the vicinity of Stellenbosch and adjacent Winelands in the Western Cape before European colonisation. When and where did the human story begin? There is abundant archaeological evidence from stone tools, and a few human remains, that Stone Age hunter-gatherer people lived in the Western Cape for about a million years. As yet, there is no evidence in this region for the earliest stone tools and fossil hominin remains that date to between 1 and at least 3 million years ago in the Cradle of Humankind in Gauteng, Limpopo and North-West provinces. It is not clear whether this is a result of a limited ecological range in which the early hominins lived, or of the absence of suitable geological formations for the preservation of bone. What do we mean by the Stone Age? The Stone Age was the time when most of the tools that hunter-gatherer people used were made by striking one stone against another – a hammerstone against a core – so that sharp edges were created on the sides of the core and on the flakes that were detached. Many fine-grained rocks will produce flakes with edges that are sharper than a metal knife, but stone becomes blunt much more quickly than metal. Archaeologists focus on stone tools as the primary source of evidence for the presence of people in the landscape in the past because the tools are almost indestructible and therefore are often all that is left behind after bones, wood, plant remains and shells have disintegrated.
    [Show full text]
  • Bawsi-Report
    CONTENTS 1. Introduction ............................. 3 32. Lindes Dam Farm ............................... 82 2. Farmworker Voices ......................... 6 33. Lombardye Farm ................................ 84 List of Farms ............................... 17 35. Merwida Cellars Farm ............................ 88 1. Anhohe Landgoed Farm/ Brakfontein . 18 36. Modderkloof Farm .............................. 90 2. Arbeidsvreugde Farm ............................ 20 37. Morester Grape And Olives Farm . 92 3. Avondrust Farm ................................ 22 38. Nuutgewek Farm ............................... 94 4. Bakenhof Farm ................................. 24 39. Ou Mure Farm ................................. 96 5. Brakfontein Trust Farm ........................... 26 40. Plaisir De Merle Farm ............................ 98 6. Dag En Nag Farm ............................... 28 41. Porseleinberg Farm ............................. 102 7. Dasdrif Farm ................................... 30 42. Roodehogte Diary Farm ......................... 104 8. De Hoek Farm .................................. 32 43. Rooi Draai Farm ............................... 106 9. De La Roche Farm .............................. 34 44. Ruiters Rest Farm .............................. 108 10. Die Denne Farm ................................ 36 45. Salem Farm ................................... 110 11. Diemerskraal Farm .............................. 38 46. Sanddrif Farm ................................. 112 12. Doorn Kraal Farm .............................
    [Show full text]
  • Kylemore Neighbourhood Watch, the Protectors Of
    IN SEARCH OF ALTERNATIVE POLICING: KYLEMORE NEIGHBOURHOOD WATCH, THE PROTECTORS OF THEIR BELOVED COMMUNITY by CASSANDRA VISSER Thesis submitted in partial fl:l'HUIl) t of the requirements for the degree Master of Philosophy in Organisations and Public Cultures at the Department of Sociology and Social Anthropology Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences Supervisor: Prof CS van der Waal March 2009 CHAPTER 4: THE KYLEMORE SETTLEMENT AND ITS WESTERN CAPE CONTEXT 4.1 Introduction Thus far various theoretical perspectives on community, policing and policy have been discussed, but now it is time to place these theories in perspective, by situating them within the community of Kylemore. Before embarking on this matter, the location under study must first be introduced and contextualized, to ensure a better understanding of how and why certain events have played out. The aim of this chapter is therefore to contextualise the location and events under study and to situate Kylemore within the specific historical, socio­ economical and development context of the Dwars River Valley and the broader Western Cape. This I will attempt to achieve by not only focusing on Kylemore and its experiences, but also by providing an historical background to the lifestyle in the Westem Cape from before colonialisation until the present. I will focus predominantly on the presently so-called 'coloured' people within the Western Cape and their interaction with the colonialists and the missionaries. This interaction ultimately led to the adoption of Christianity and a sense of respectability, which are fundamental factors that emerge in this study that help to comprehend the notions of crime and policing within Kylemore.
    [Show full text]
  • According to the Minutes Kept by the Secretary to the Council of Justice
    Sodomy, race and respectability in Stellenbosch and Drakenstein, 1689 – 1762: the story of a family, loosely defined Susie Newton-King This article explores the interacting dynamics of race, class, status and respectability in the emerging colonial society at the Cape of Good Hope in the late seventeenth and early eighteenth centuries. It is essentially a case study, which examines the background to the trial and execution of Gerrit Coetzee, the first freeburgher to be accused of sodomy at the Cape. By implication, it raises a number of questions about the rural community in which Gerrit was raised and it re-opens old debates about the degree of colour blindness and the determinants of status in early colonial South Africa. Was Gerrit a victim of racial or social prejudice? Was he excluded, cold-shouldered or otherwise subtly marginalised by his young male peers in Daljosafat, where he lived? Was he driven by prejudice to seek the company of other marginalised individuals and ultimately to engage in suicidally transgressive behaviour? Or was he simply a young man who wrecked his chances by going too far? The trial On Thursday 10 September 1733 the freeburgher Gerrit Coetzee Jacobszoon (the son of Jacob) appeared before the Council of Justice in Cape Town. He was twenty one years old and he was charged with sodomy. He was already a prisoner in the Castle, having been arrested and brought to Cape Town from his home in Daljosafat (in Drakenstein) some time in late July. He had twice been interrogated in the presence of commissioned members of the Council, but this was his first appearance in the long meeting room in the Kat bastion, where the council met every Thursday.
    [Show full text]
  • The Riparian Vegetation of the Hottentots Holland Mountains, SW Cape
    The riparian vegetation of the Hottentots Holland Mountains, SW Cape By E.J.J. Sieben Dissertation presented in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy at the University of Stellenbosch Promoter: Dr. C. Boucher December 2000 Declaration I the undersigned, hereby declare that the work in this dissertation is my own original work and has not previously, in its entirety or in part, been submitted at any University for a degree. Signature Date Aan mijn ouders i Summary Riparian vegetation has received a lot of attention in South Africa recently, mainly because of its importance in bank stabilization and its influence on flood regimes and water conservation. The upper reaches have thus far received the least of this attention because of their inaccessibility. This study mainly focuses on these reaches where riparian vegetation is still mostly in a pristine state. The study area chosen for this purpose is the Hottentots Holland Mountains in the Southwestern Cape, the area with the highest rainfall in the Cape Floristic Region, which is very rich in species. Five rivers originate in this area and the vegetation described around them covers a large range of habitats, from high to low altitude, with different geological substrates and different rainfall regimes. All of these rivers are heavily disturbed in their lower reaches but are still relatively pristine in their upper reaches. All of them are dammed in at least one place, except for the Lourens River. An Interbasin Transfer Scheme connects the Eerste-, Berg- and Riviersonderend Rivers. The water of this scheme is stored mainly in Theewaterskloof Dam.
    [Show full text]