CEU eTD Collection

In partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master PRODUCTION OF KNOWLE PRODUCTION Department of Sociology and Social Anthropology Supervisors: O N SOCIOCIDE P ALESTINIAN Central European University

Budapest, 2013

Omar Q Submitted to

of Arts Prof. Prem Kumar Rajaram : By

(

NEO W Prof. Jean

assis

EST

) COLONIAL DGE IN THE B - L ANK o uis Fabiani

CEU eTD Collection pn ifrn mpig f ua cniin yed ifrn rsls Finally results. differing yield conditions human of mapping differing upon to give the illusion of development. Growth considers how II Part context. colonial the within discusses history of role the showing to addition is ‘history’ Palestinian how shows I Part In this Abstract to create illusions that enable the continuation of sociocide. effect the population. Overall statistics economic Numbers

a

study of sociocide in the Palestinian within their Political Context contemplates how both humanitarian and h Plsiin rsn ad s ae p of up made is and present Palestinian the

r efce b pltcl hne ad o tee changes these how and changes political by effected are economic and

Part II shows how enumerative processes are used

The growth statistics are

Humanitarian Statistics made/cre

West Bank. It consists of

ated catr; cnm and Economy chapters; 3 - made to look in order etoe/rsd i destroyed/erased,

chapter reflects two parts. ii n

CEU eTD Collection lectures, and moral integrity will forever guide me and all the others who have had the had have who others the all and me guide forever will integrity moral and lectures, books in curiosity wonderful these of both interaction social gratitud my express to like would I Acknowledgements tomorrow will bear the light freedom. of po fight who those to Finally, feedbackpowerful and critique enabled me then tofurther push Ialways had. Jean Professor To work. this pa his without who Rajaram, Prem Professor supervisor my to gratitude my express to like also would I privilege to be in hiscompany.

and Rana Barakat who taught me how to read into history. Without history. into read to how me taught who Barakat Rana and . tients, experience, and guidance I would not have been able to do to able been have not would I guidance and experience, tients,

o r Amd aaih who Qatamish, Ahmad Dr. To professors professors wer with conviction and live daily chained in darkness, in chained daily live and conviction with wer -

Louis Fabiani, whose whose Fabiani, Louis e to e wud o hv fud o in joy found have not would I

Randa Nassir who taught me the dynamics of of dynamics the me taught who Nassir Randa

e nrei ntr, relentless nature, energetic se vast theoretical

xets and expertise erig and learning iii

CEU eTD Collection Table of Contents Chapter 2: Part two; Chapter 1: Part One; 4. 3. 1.4 1.3 1.2 1.1

Literature Review and Methodology Introduction List of Appendixes Acknowledgements Abstract Economy and Growth S Conclusion The Historians New 1.2.2 1.2.1 Palestinian Archives and Libraries 1960 The Great BookRobbery ystems of Power Power ystems of 3.6 3.5 3.4 3.3 3.2 3.1

Operation Shield Defensive ArchivesPLO On DependencyOn RegimeDonor Beyond mere ‘Movement Rest Power System, System of of Power Power On Background

Food, Water,Food, Energy

Palestinian Present 3.2.4 3.2.3 3.2.2 3.2.1

Palestinian History

Checkpoints and Borders Settlements The Wall Movement Restriction Regime

and its mechanisms

riction Regime’: -

Present

17 15 12 12 9 8 3 1 vi iii ii 40 36 35 34 32 32 32 31 30 30 25 25 22 20

iv

CEU eTD Collection 5. Humanitarian Statistics 8. Final Conclusion 7. Part IIConclusion 6. Numberswithin their Political Context 4.8 4.7 4.6 4.5 4.4 4.3 4.2 4.1 Policies6.3. Results of and6.2 Power Willingness 5.2 5.1

The Agriculture Sector and what th The claim Growth of Palestinian Context State? Economy? OCHA StatisticsOCHA PCBS Conclusion and NGOs Donors PA andGoI Area C

6.1.2 State 6.1.1 2006Embargo Categorization

- hood Bid

at Entails

72 72 70 69 63 59 59 55 54 52 50 49 44 44 41 81 80 73

v

CEU eTD Collection B.4. B.3. The WallB.2. Mapof Qalqilya) City (Close of upof B.1. Mapof A.1. List of Appendices theC.1. Performance Palestinian of Economy 2011 B.7. B.6. Restrictio B.5. Israeli Obstacles Inthe West Bank Electricity in the Palestinian Territories Israeli Settlements in the West Bank List of InstitutesList of Attacked during Operation Defens Map of The WallMap of Bethlehem) City (Close of upof The Wall ns onPalestinianns Accessin the West Bank

2004 , 2002

- 2011

ive Shield

2002 vi

CEU eTD Collection aetna eooy 2 Dcmto o Plsiin ainl prt n iett, 3. identity, the and of spirit national Destruction Palestinian of 1. Decimation practices: 2. economy, sociocidal Palestinian the up make that characteristics 4 l he such, As means”. other by leave to Palestinians the compel to order in society Palestinian of structures psychological and communal the of undermining gradual Abdul In the developments entailed to its continued status. with oPT, the of occupation military continued the and Organizations), Governmental Non (International IGOs of presence the Authority, Palestinian the of existence the si new the to related is course of This imagination. colonial the in numbers of concept the consideration into take to fails theory sociocide the Second, that time, has recently become clearer, this point will be made clearer below. w that past the about information the of much today, situation the in changes the to addition In hold? still theory his make still this does although Abdul that (WB) the t of reality the Indeed in. come have actors new and changed at look to were Palestinian the one of developments if Therefor (oPT). Territories Palestinian occupied re theory specific place a as 1986 in written socio the that see I opposite. Abdul that think may one sense, this In dail Palestinian Transform 4. rights, civil and political their of Palestinians Depriving y life into an endless chain hardship. of - Jawwad’s theory of Sociocide, Abudul Sociocide, of theory Jawwad’s - Jawwad makes clear in his initial work has all but changed today, changed but all has work initial his in clear makes Jawwad - cide theory has two problems; the first is that it was was it that is first the problems; two has theory cide - sal cnlc sne 96 mc ses o have to seems much 1986, since conflict Israeli Introduction - aw lf ntig u, e I ru the argue I yet out, nothing left Jawwd

aig o h Irei cuain f the of occupation Israeli the to lating

- Jawwad defines socio defines Jawwad

he Palestinian West Bank West Palestinian he as not acknowledged at acknowledged not as tuation on the ground, the on tuation - cide as “ as cide

ists the 1 -

CEU eTD Collection aspects to it. the show to is work this of shortcomin intention The reality. Palestinian the describe to used theory relevant most the as author this by seen is it Rather here. intention the not the Although be joined in the conclusion this work. of enable and unchallenged. continue to sociocide reality mask to used are production knowledge of forms certain how part, second the in While sociocide. of concept made/created is ‘history’ how show into divided is work This gs of the theory, in order to both update it and advance it by bringing new bringing by it advance and it update both to order in theory, the of gs

sociocide theory has so far been depicted as a theory that ‘lacks’, this is this ‘lacks’, that theory a as depicted been far so has theory sociocide

two main parts. The first part, the Palestinian Past Palestinian the part, first The parts. main two

- Finally, both the results of Part I and Par and I Part of results the both Finally, destroyed/distorted, and how that play that how and destroyed/distorted,

the Palestinian Present, Palestinian the I hope to show show to hope I , I hope to hope I , s into the into s t II will II t 2

CEU eTD Collection Yet the particulars of this research allowed for a narrow look at Palestinian history Palestinian at look narrow a for allowed research this of particulars the Yet topic. contested a is text, the in on further seen be will as History Palestinian Indeed history Palestinian in yet Past, Palestinian the about talks I Part material. attain to order in taken were approaches different two work, this In Methodology retrie data data. statistical the with came difficulty main The difficulties. included also yet sources of abundance an had II Part on the specific event the archives PLO of material, of abundance an had Beirut of siege 1982 the While 2012. in aired was which documentary Aljazeera the for been not it had light to bring to effort enormous an been have would historically, confiscation, book 1998) Khalidi Walid from it, of aspects differing wrote who Authors Palestinian accessible. easily was that material abundanceof an hadthat topics both were Historians New the and Army Israelithe by Ramallah of invasion 2002 The sources. differing required focuses three the of Each historians. the overview an and Ramallah, in ect… centers cultural ministries, of sacking 2002 Nakbeh, the and Beirut 1948 on siege the Israeli 1982 the in in archives PLO Palestinians the of confiscation of homes the from m Books 3 on Palestinian focuses Past Palestinian the on chapter The , to Sharif Kanaana Sharif to , val much more difficult. Initially, the PCBS had long lists not just of their of just not lists long had PCBS the Initially, difficult. more much val

Literature Review and (Kanaana 1992 ) 1992 (Kanaana First, changes to the official website of the PCBS made PCBS the of website official the to changes First, lhuh h Nke hs a has Nakbeh the Although

appropriation. ,

to Nur Masalha Nur to

M ethodology although

is no easy topic to research. to topic easy no is ain points: the looting of of looting the points: ain (Masalha 2012) (Masalha relatively little relatively

n abundance of of abundance n on the new the on . The 1948 The (Khalidi material 3 .

CEU eTD Collection manually adding up results, up adding manually when often, above, the to addition In cross and website, its updated tabulation tables were removed PCBS the 2012 the since Yet etc.… residence diffe find could one education, at look too were one if example For variables. changing with cross but results, PCBS, the of case the like times, Other body. issuing the by statement explicit needs and assume, to hard usually is which is Which with. others Jerusalem, East without east t by occupied body geographical the was Bank West Bank’: ‘West term the example, For categorization. d Second, attained. results required the and visited been have could office PCBS main the as field the in researching of capable been I had endure to had have would I that problem a not tab the were corruption software Arabic an was it if the survive difference did what usually Rather, version. language English an or version language a there was nor .pdf, or .doc was chosen format form some had reports the of Many website. PCBS the on reports the accessing when arose difficulty Another to believe that some results may be rounded off. ern part of the City of City the of part ern

ring tables that took into consideration sex, age group, locality, place of of place locality, group, age sex, consideration into took that tables ring feig bodie iffering - auain Te cross The tabulation. e sal am i 1967 in army Israeli he s reach differing statistical results, based on different different on based results, statistical differing reach s

Jerusalem

the results were not completely accurate. This has led me led has This accurate. completely not were results the f orpe sfwr. hr ws ite ifrne f the if difference little was There software. corrupted of .

les and graphs but not the texts. This is undoubtedly is This texts. the not but graphs and les

at the time. Today, some statistics are carried out carried are statistics some Today, time. the at I attempted I - auain loe fr cntn t b seen be to constant a for allowed tabulation ti gorpia bd icue the included body geographical this ,

to recalculate the PCB the recalculate to S results by results S 4 -

CEU eTD Collection referenced that number from the PCBS. Hence every reference used by a body had to had body a by used reference every Hence PCBS. the from number that referenced Bank West the in Palestinians of number the stated that report OCHA an across came I example, For others. reference bodies some that is complexity of layer another yet adds What mentioned independently. includ sometimes is Jerusalem East constructs. Finally,of a looktaken was into related works to Palestine. deconstruction for and power of analysis in both to needed was approach Foucaultian bo at looking required Bank West multi requires PA the around revolving institutional completely nor state, a neither As thought. of schools peculiar the literature, the of terms In Literature Review the minimum and the maximum amount. between for unaccounted employees 17,000 leaves still that Yet salaries. their pay to Governme Unity 10,000 the of period roughly the during employed of were which issue Strip, Gaza the the in employees is there Although 180,000. and 153,000 anywhere number between the leave sources Differing employees. PA current of number exampl case A numbers. contradicting of topic the was there Then be traced until the initial sourcefound. was nt, and after the Gaza the after and nt, Te ore f CAs eeec ws NW, hc i tr had turn in which UNRWA, was reference OCHA’s of source The .

- West Bank rift became a problem as the PA refused refused PA the as problem a became rift Bank West ed in statistics on the West Bank, and at others is others at and Bank, West the on statistics in ed

h ooil n post and colonial th state that is the PA required reading into several into reading required PA the is that state - disciplined look. In this sense, writing on the on writing sense, this In look. disciplined

- ooil ok. hl a While works. colonial - o ti i the is this of e es ay study any less,

5

CEU eTD Collection Fanon’s Wretched of the Earth is the classic of colonial studies, such a cornerstone a such studies, colonial of classic the is Earth the of Wretched Fanon’s analyze to used was Fanon 1968) 1998) (Loomba reviewed; Mbembe. Achile and Fanon post and colonial of terms In Foucautian While Improve’. to Will ‘The Li’s Murray Tania was method this to inspiration the sense, this In Bank. West the in agents and actors many the of power overlapping and conflicting, differing, many the at look to used was Foucaultian a Palestine in active It work. this of II Part throughout present ever is Governmentality used. was approach actors many the analyzing of terms in While which will be see else, anything than colonization Zionist of nature the with do to more is This theory. post or colonial the within neatly fit not does Palestine relevant, most the subject became anti former the between relation the up makes which patriarchy and violence of relations such posit whic Particularly unparalleled. post by violence of forms many the examine to ability Mbembe’s post the on works Mbembe’s While clinical the and dialectics manner analyzing of colonia cultural his both of terms in overlooked be not could te ouain a t oeae through operate to had population the h and Mbembe and

rm rdik Cooper, Fredrick from - s. Although the works that have been mentioned above were seen as seen were above mentioned been have that works the Although s. colonial movement that later became the state, and the people who who people the and state, the became later that movement colonial ad eih Chakrabarty Depish and , n later

(Mbembe 2001) (Mbembe

in the text. ,

state apparatuses state

to the colonial aspects of the colonization of Palestine. of colonization the of aspects colonial the to l power. Although other colonial other Although - colonial

to were the essential authors in regard to this text. this to regard in authors essential the were

la Shohat Ella - theory ooy rvd o e f ot relevance. most of be to proved colony

creation of of creation Carbry 2000) (Chakrabarty .

the , o te wr ws on ta could that found was work other No

an hoit ue wr Franz were used theorists main Soa 19 ) 1992 (Shohat and post and relations of of relations - colonial , -

colonial states colonial Fanon dependence Ai Loomba Ania , authors

relations of of relations F Fanon (F. - colonial were

with was

As 6

CEU eTD Collection ruet pwru hl o te edr Scn, h apiaiiy f uh a such of applicability economy. the countries eastern middle a of Second, analysis for fitted was deconstruction reader. the on hold powerful a argument his gives itself of and in This growth. th to reference clear deconstructs gives also which economy, Economy’, the ‘Fixing his in Mitchell, First, reasons. main 2 for used was Mitchell economy, on scholars Foucaultian by works essentialMitchell was Timothy sense this In chapter. Economy the in used was economy of deconstruction this will work dojustice Ihave to thoseworks used. whose In analyzed this thesis. for Historians. New n.d.) (Jadaliyya Massad From individuals. engaged of websites to organization, theories Palestinrelatedto works theFinally, which gives additional insight to hislater work. Egypt’ ‘Colonizing colonialism on work cornerstone Mitchells to addition In communities. Egyptian analyze to written was economy’ the ‘Fixing summery, all of the above works will be found throughout this work. In hopes that hopes In work. this throughout found be will works above the of all summery,

(Massad 2006 (Massad t l. h mxue f rtr rne from ranges writers of mixture The all. at , OCHA OCHA , l tee ulctos bos rsace etc… researches books, publications, these All

(Mitchell, Fixing the Economy 1998) Economythe(Mitchell, Fixing ) ,

to Shabbakeh Policy Advisors Policy Shabbakeh to OH n.d.) (OCHA e are many and foll and manyare e , the ol Bank World

ow several theories or even no even or theoriesseveral ow

Sara Roy Sara (Al Wrd ak n.d.) Bank (World

. - epe o transnational to people Shabaka n.d.) Shabaka Although there are manyarethere Although (Roy 1995), (Roy e whole basis of of basis whole e

Mthl 1991) (Mitchell were , Jadaliyya , sd and used ad th and , Joseph Joseph As his As 7 e ,

CEU eTD Collection Yet any history of a ‘third world’ country is problematic. Or as Dipesh Chakrabarty Dipesh as Or problematic. is country world’ ‘third a of history any Yet spirit’ or‘national identity’, youneed a ‘national hi ‘national a sustain to order in that is fact underlying the Yet sociocide. of methods Abdul state nation modern the and nationalism of production the in role vital a played it, opposed that movements nationalist the and colonialism both that, finds one struggle, colonial ‘national culture’ new a produce to colonialism, through introduced ideals new with also but on, carried are traditions native some which that Fanon, to according result third colonized re to the attempting intellegentsia and oppressed, the of history the distort to attempting colonialism of that is dialectics’ ‘cultural the exists, that antagonism the Fanon, by shown As the of past the to oppressed people, and and distorts, dest disfigures, turns it […] grip its in people a holding with merely satisfied not is “Colonialism states Fanon Franz her/himself? sees s/he way the or colonized, it Does colonized? the of life of pattern the change not it Does in’? ‘come merely colonialism does Yet colonialism. with came that epoch historical particular the into ties ultimately which That ‘other’. the of that 2000) (Chakrabarty in works to refer to need the feel historians world “third states

(Loomba 1998) (Loomba - Jawwad states that the ‘decimation of national spirit and identity’ is one of the of one is identity’ and spirit national of ‘decimation the that states Jawwad F Fnn 1967) Fanon (F. . In this sense, it is that the that is it sense, this In .

(Shohat 1992 ) 1992 (Shohat I ti sne we oe ok a te rdtos f anti of traditions the at looks one when sense, this In . Ch apter 1: - l earn/teach their tradition. This antagonism leads to a to leads antagonism This tradition. their earn/teach . So one could assume that although the native the although that assume could one So .

Palestinian Past o cag te a o togt f the of thought of way the change not

history of the non the of history roys it”roys story’.

(F. Fanon1967) (F.

-

European is always is European uoen History” European .

8 -

CEU eTD Collection sense. ha place, took that colonialism of cases most though even nation, colonized the of people, colonized the of culture and history the defend to wrote intellectual native the For colonialism. of discourse the cult and history their distort and/or destroy to sought that colonialism of ideals and concepts the fought intellegentsia initially was books these of list The institutes. and homes Palestinian private from taking was who Army Israeli Palestinian established) newly (then the with out librarians sent University) Hebrew the (of Library National Israeli the where 1948, in Nakbeh, t 2010) Robbery” Book Great “the documentary the aired Aljazeera Recently, 1.1 Culture (MoCulture), and the of Ministry Palestinian the of ransack 2002 the and 1982 in Archives National PLO the of taking the 1948, in robbery’ book ‘great the here: mention of worthy are events Abdul predated remaine although nonetheless that events other and predates, text power” archival on understandings, premised previous are narratives “Historical Trouillot: Rolph by stated As destroyed? or reified, made, ‘identity’ and ‘culture’, ‘history’, like entities vague are how Yet he looting of books owned by Palestinians. The taking of these books was during the during was books these of taking The Palestinians. by owned books of looting he . Great BookRobbery . The documentary was the work of Israeli of work the was documentary The .

ilgs nihohos ad iis Te eut a 7,0 bos taken books 70,000 was result The cities. and neighborhoods, villages,

(Stroler 2002) (Stroler ukon r neonzd ni vr rcnl. he main Three recently. very until unrecognized or unknown d

which are themselves premised on the distribution of of distribution the on premised themselves are which ‘New Historians’‘New and the Israeli Archives. . Here we come to some events which Abdul which events some to come we Here . d no prior nation prior no d ure prior to colonialism, they still worked within worked still they colonialism, to prior ure - Dutch Benny Bruner and documents and Bruner Benny Dutch – at least in the modern nation modern the in least at - Jawwad

- (Aljazeera Jawwad ’ s work, work, s - state ’ 9 s

CEU eTD Collection 30,000 are today still preserved in the Israeli National Library. In addition to other to addition In Library. National Israeli the in preserved still today are 30,000 books, 70,000 the Of began. mandate British the even before times the and time, its 09. o that working while list placethe found Amit itself”. a undermines is archive the respect, this In wrongdoing. and violence the exposes archive: any “ stated who Amit, Gish student, Israeli an by found this work titled ‘New Historians’. 1 the of part was it narrative, Palestinian the defeat s Pappe’s comment correlates with that Royin her view of This 35:00). (min themselves” resources, people the natural thing… one the except want territory you everything the land the of appropriation the from different Palestin the of assets Pappe spiritual the Ilan of appropriation historian of statements the First, notice: of worthy are that documentary the from points two are there work, this to relation In of forms

Pappe and other Israeli historians will be discussed in more detail in the part of

This in and in This colonialism its European from counterparts” Israelidistinguishingimportant factor most the perhaps criticalis a expression, Arab in interest colonialism pr of of mode capitalist function the of progressive generalization historically “the fulfill not did Zionists the workers, and owners Jewish to relations capitalist restricting ideolo “Zionist documentation like photo galleries. econd statement: It [the appropriation of the Palestinian Books] was done to done was Books] Palestinian the of appropriation [the It statement: econd

the place that preserves the power and organizes it is also the place that place the also is it organizes and power the preserves that place the

of itself holds much of the Palestinian history, heritage, and identity of of identity and heritage, history, Palestinian the of much holds itself of

gy […] (is) distinguished from other forms of colonialism. By colonialism. of forms other from distinguished (is) […] gy land

rather then Arab then rather

people,

orientalist production of knowledge (Roy 1995) dcin Mroe te Zionist the Moreover oduction. a pol, n y id i not is mind, my in people, ian

It is the paradoxical structure of of structure paradoxical the is It of which labor exclusivism was was exclusivism labor which of n his PhD in the years 2005 years the in PhD his n 1 “h cnicto and confiscation “The :

– the 10 -

CEU eTD Collection aetna pol, u rte Plsiin ad n rsucs I adto t the to addition In resources. and land Palestinian rather but his people, Palestinian of framework the Within people. understandin Palestinian the of assets’ spiritual the of ‘appropriation the is books Palestinian of robbery the that believes Pappe Hence, tri oblivion, Palestinian total the through Islam, demonized that Arab, the demonized that the with that see we east’ near the in institutions similar any ‘surpass Library made books the how looking when Then history. national Palestinian of erasure effectively their is denied which destroyed, owners, original and confiscated are colonized the of assets cultural The cu apply to were we if Hence (min 37:00). the is east” near the in institutions Second similar any surpasses department oriental The 36:00). statement: (min literature classic in interested mostly are we would rest capacity the research our library national ta must the we “First and expand” significantly to given is books these of share decent a “if is: first the documentary, the in appear translations which of itself, no of worthy is that point second The destroying the history and culture the colonized. of and disfiguring, distorting, colonialism of observation Fanon’s with in fits much very to attempt an of part being documents historical and heritage cultural of looting and confiscation ed to erasethe Palestinian out of history

defeat a Palestinian discourse, and erase Palestinians out of history. This history. of out Palestinians erase and discourse, Palestinian a defeat g of the Israeli colonial system: as a system that is not interested in the in interested not is that system a as system: colonial Israeli the of g

ltural dialects to this, we come to an interesting result. interesting an to come we this, to dialects ltural h oina dprmn o te sal National Israeli the of department oriental the tice are the documents of the National Library National the of documents the are tice ” (min 36:00 ke in books we don’t already have, as for for as have, already don’t we books in ke

- 37:00) (italics my own).

11

CEU eTD Collection on not just theon not just bones,but also onthe history and culture, the colonized. of built colonizer, the of institutes the of capacity and specialization, development, the is and documents, history, the the by appropriated been have when colonized the of representation about come knowledge”, only can of Pappe, production by “orientalist mentioned the Therefore narrative. historical and col the Giving arise. production knowledge colonial of capabilities the in increase an culture, “indigenous” the of destruction archive and document to aimed which Centre, representative the be Pale to 1964 in established was which PLO, The 1.2 below are seen to beto sufficient illustrate the point at hand. given examples the hand, at matter the For heritage. cultural Palestinian confiscate to establishment Israeli the allowed have years the throughout that ways other many are, still and were, there though even institutes, such on attacks Israeli scale large the only Palestinian by attempts systematic to elude only will I time and space of matters for identity, re to fought have they have Palestinians refugees, or colonized tr to continued either way effective every almost in day this to and scattered, dispossessed, Although narrative. historical their on insisting Neithe 1.2 .1. . tna people, stinian Palestinian ArchivesLibraries: and 1960 PLO Archives r the Nakbeh nor the ‘Great Book Robbery’ has stopped Palestinians from from Palestinians stopped has Robbery’ Book ‘Great the nor Nakbeh the r institutes as apposed to all the others. In addition to that, I will also show show also will I that, to addition In others. the all to apposed as institutes y and reconstruct their history. Although there are many ways in which in ways many are there Although history. their reconstruct and y esta

- create, remake, and/or reclaim, Palestinian history, culture, and culture, history, Palestinian reclaim, and/or remake, create, lse is w rsac cne. h Plsie Research Palestine The center. research own its blished nzr itleta cnrl f discourse of control intellectual onizers -

Present Palestinian history and culture. But in But culture. and history Palestinian

colonizer. The product The colonizer. oy f the of body

12

CEU eTD Collection this specific event wouldhave been found. to references known no it without and work this for instrumental been has Archives is little Although in taken, where Hebrew addition to manuscripts, microfilms, and archives and English, Arabic, in volumes 25,000 that recorded PLO the from Archive National Palestinian the looted Army Israeli the Beirut, of siege 1982 the the on looting th of commented Jerusalem, of Mayor deputy former the archives. was PLO who the Benvenisti, topic the up brings Meron Shipler a by article, interviewed is the who in Benvenisti Yet Movement. National Palestinian n the the accept of to aspirations society Israeli of rejection underlying the about talked 20 February The topic at hand. documents. and archives their A center, research PLO the of issue the addressed ou quotes Ihasan O 1 October Hijazi the Yet 1993. till 1966 the from Lebanon on NYT the for wrote Hijazi Hijazi. Ihasan was archives write to author first the that seems it archives, NYT the of terms In nother NYT piece, by David Shipler, drew responses that were enlightening for the for enlightening were that responses drew Shipler, David by piece, NYT nother Say fficials Plsiin utrl heritage”. cultural Palestinian r e archives: PLO ” seemed to have gone without drawing much controversy. In the a the In controversy. much drawing without gone have to seemed ”

Dr. Dr. Research Center, which was located in Beirut. At the time it was was it time the At Beirut. in located was which Center, Research th

Sabri Jaryas, the then director of the center: the of director then the Jaryas, Sabri article by Shipler titled “ titled Shipler by article ouetd bu ti priua eet te e Yr Times York New the event, particular this about documented

st

92 ril “ article 1982

t a a tagtowr atce ht directly that article straightforward a was It

A Blind Spot Shows in the Jewish State Jewish the in Shows Spot Blind A

(Hijazi 1982) I rei otd rhvs of Archives Looted sraeli

. “

they have plundered have they

about the PLO PLO the about ationalist

P.L.O. P.L.O. rticle, 13 ”

CEU eTD Collection Cynthia Ozick [in a ‘letter to the editor’] stated that the archives were really a PLO PLO a really were archives the that stated editor’] the to ‘letter a [in Ozick Cynthia response a In their responsethey state: Ge Irene Bulliet, Richard Palestinian of Archives History” Fide “Bona titled editor’, the to ‘letter own their issued c a call PLO the “What Ozick’s to response In Jaryas had ties withterrorist PLO groups. Sabri like center, the of faculty the that stated also She wide. world terrorists between continue broad television high and radio civilian and military police, Israeli on monitored files personal compiled center “the intell gne etr Floig us rm fiil sal pes eess Oik stated Ozick releases, press Israeli official from cues Following center. igence records of Israeli television and radio broadcasts. It also had profiles of other of profiles had also It broadcasts. radio and television Israeli of records and leaders Israeli on profiles had center the that states correctly Ozick Miss Palestinian histor of study the for resource valuable most a been had Center Research Palestine A idvdas nae i Mdl Es suis w ws t sae ht the that state to wish we studies, East Middle in engaged individuals ‘As be a res is to Palestinians the allow to not urge or need profound a was This troublesome. it because that erase to history, their them from take military to a also but or power, political a as PLO] [the them destroy to only not was ‘This d to claim that the center was a clearing house for exchange of information of exchange for house clearing a was center the that claim to d

AMD e a. 93 ) 1983 al. et (AHMAD, written pectable orhistoric movement.’

to Shiplers article and Benvenisti comments, American literary American comments, Benvenisti and article Shiplers to y and culture. Accessto it had been easy and open.

dir Dn eez Gog Saliba, George Peretz, Don ndzier, Te intrs f h lte wr Ebl Ahmad, Eqbal were letter the of signatures The .

ultural (Shipler 1983) - ranking Israeli military officers, officers, military Israeli ranking - archives”, a group of academics of group a archives”,

and tat car In Schaar. Stuart -

casts”, and casts”, 14

CEU eTD Collection center, and while its staff was trying to reconstitute the library, it was bombed”. The bombed”. was it library, the reconstitute to trying was staff its while and center, stated the It “after looting. the of news the to update an light to brought also response This were taken, destroyed, orvandalized. archives and libraries where universities, places municipalities, Palestinian to 14 belonging of one just as MoCulture the lists also arti and gallery, importance’ historical art library, invaluable ‘an of loss the recorded time the re started had PLO the which achieves national Palestinian the had it attacked, institute only the not was MoCulture Alth Bank. West the throughout cities Palestinian besieged Army Israeli the where Shield, Defensive Operation during came MoCulture the of sacking The 1.2 to their material archival and library the return government Israeli the ensure to government usefu been has and people institut educational an of destruction the by saddened deeply are “We state to on goes letter .2. (AHMAD, et al. 1983) (AHMAD, Palestine broadc and Arabs, including leaders, world Operation Defensive Shield o ta hue te rhvs fml rcrs n mnsrps f n ancient an of manuscripts and records family archives, the housed that ion rightful holders sal atoiis a rmvd h lbay n acie o te re the of archives and library the removed had authorities Israeli - eae mtes Tee r sadr hlig fr rsac library.’ research a for holdings standard are These matters. related Itrainl epniiiis ak oc 20 ) 2002 Force Task Responsibilities (International (AHMAD, et al. 1983 ) (AHMAD, l to several of us”. The letter The us”. of several to l

- gathering in the MoCulture since 1994. The ministry at ministry The 1994. since MoCulture the in gathering

.

ss rm te cutis on countries other from asts utrl etr, n ministries and centers, cultural

ends with an appeal to the US US the to appeal an with ends Te report The . uh the ough - facts of of facts

search 15

CEU eTD Collection According to media sources several libraries and cultura and libraries several sources media to According Force 2002) Statistics. of Bureau Central the and Agriculture, and Economy of Ministry Finance, of Ministry were: present, heavily destruction and vandalism and confiscated, material with attacked, Institutes Government Palestinian other the Of 2 technologies intricate and relations power also are archives of erasure the that claim themselve rule of technologies intricate and inscribed are take we If history. this erase to violence military colonial of use constant the and history, own Pales of attempts constant the are stated above the from relevance Project’ Archives ‘Palestine its launched University Birzeit 2011, In reports published at the time. The compr be to claimed not is list compiled the Although Center Cultural Greek the mentions also list the Palestinian, specifically were libraries and archives non the all even not Although on attacks 14 universities and governmental, and as room, commerce ) 2002 Force Task Responsibilities a company, radi on insurance attacks the also were there Finally, attacked. organizations society civil and attacked, libraries attacked, institutes cultural were Shield Defensive Operation in cases recorded the Of offensive. the during vandalized

ww w.awraq.birzeit.edu the statement that “Archives as both transparencies on which power relations power which on transparencies both as “Archives that statement the

Trade, Ministry of Education, Ministry of Civil Affairs, Ministry of of Ministry Affairs, Civil of Ministry Education, of Ministry Trade,

list can in Appendix be found . The list includes 19 attacks on places categorized places on attacks 19 includes list The . - Macedonia and the French Cultural Center. Cultural French the and Macedonia - gover (International Responsibilities Task Responsibilities (International mna lbais n archives. and libraries nmental ehensive, and is based on news news on based is and ehensive, s” l centers were also looted or looted also were centers l sain, v ttos an stations, tv stations, o (Stroler 2002) (Stroler A tinians to write their write to tinians .1 . 2

. Here what is of of is what Here . (International

we can also can we 16

CEU eTD Collection n h mne te wr itne. ned ot re most Indeed intended. were they manner the in previ it manner same the in again found be longer no can lost is what because Yes no. a and yes a both is answer the Here Trouillot talked of archival of “distribution the on assumed are that understandings” “previous the that mean this does Yet rule. of materia the of interpretation their both Zionists’” ‘post dubbed were policies its and “Israel of critical were who those modernism, 1947 years the on mainly focused and Israel of state the of founding the of version historical archival of mat declassifying the to due works their write to enabled were historians new The Israel. on historiography Zionist predominant the challenged that books writing started 80’s late the in who historians of group a are Historians’ ‘New The 1.3 questions needed. Yet that isnotsimple, so aswill in bethe shown next section. the answer would archives Israeli the reading mean would that that assume would with or against read to archive an is there that isn’t context Palestinian the in differs What archives. any in were they manner the in stated were events certain why and how and wasn’t grain’ the re a constitutes . erial in the late 70’s 70’s late the in erial The NewHist (Shapira 1995) (Shapira (Str - 92 De o h as eitn dbts t h time the at debates existing also the to Due 1952. lr 2002) oler -

reading. Here we come to reading archives ‘against the grain’ or ‘with or grain’ the ‘against archives reading to come we Here reading. the grain, it is that there is no Palestinian archive present. Hence one Hence present. archive Palestinian no is there that is it grain, the - orians

can nolonger be reached sucharchives if nolonger exist?

Saia 1995) (Shapira in the press. Although the new historians, ranged greatly in greatly ranged historians, new the Although press. the in e t cnttt a rtcl nesadn o wa ws or was what of understanding critical a constitute to yet oe” hc peie h hsoia narratives historical the premise which power” l accessed from the Israeli archives, and their and archives, Israeli the from accessed l ously was. Yet rarely is archival material read material archival is rarely Yet was. ously Te e hsoin calne te Zionist the challenged historians new The . - iiig f rhvl materials archival of visiting n sal n post on Israel in

– that 17 - -

CEU eTD Collection Israeli historians. by claimed also were rape, and massacres capabilities, fighting Zionist asymmetrical of expulsion, forced of claims the Narrative’: ‘Palestinian the as seen be can what th war 1948 the about conclusions some reached archives Israeli accessing after historians Israeli that is here focus the is What Nakbeh. Palestinian the and Zionism, Israel, of state the about view and focus anti being of accused was which University, Gurion Ben of Department Science Political did.’” someone if surprised be shouldn't addressed columnist biggest country's the in appeared had pictures his and sacked; be to him for called publicly had education cond been had he “ Pappe, Ilan historian new of case the In dissentience within Israeli academia, and second the Israeli Archives. hi these of stances and debates the not is thesis this to interest of is What evils. necessary of lines the along ‘Nakbeh’ the in did forces Israeli and Zionist what justify to archives day this to po are demanding them of Some historians. new the all of intention the necessarily not was it that note of worthy is it Although, decades. for Palestinians by held claims readin This - Zionist tras bt ahr w tig: is, h rsoss f nttts f oe to power of institutes of responses the first, things: two rather but storians, g of the Israeli archives to reach such a conclusion gave much support to support much gave conclusion a such reach to archives Israeli the of g (Nesher 2012) litical solutions based on humanist stances. Others used the very same very the used Others stances. humanist on based solutions litical

emned in the Israeli parliament, the Knesset; the minister of of minister the Knesset; the parliament, Israeli the in emned - selling newspaper at the centre of a target. Next to it, a popular a it, to Next target. a of centre the at newspaper selling i raes hs ‘' nt eln yu o il hs esn bt I but person, this kill to you telling not ‘I'm thus: readers his , it almost was closed at the Palestinians had long insisted. In this sense, this In insisted. long had Palestinians the at By the time he left the University of Haifa, Haifa, of University the left he time the By

Ant 2009) (Arnot (Rose and Rose2013) Wie n h cs o the of case the in While .

.

18

CEU eTD Collection came Studentto aquote Ph.D. in from NYU, at length: h Historians New the by used documents de the work, recent a to According Archives. National Israeli the Second; o be to yet was it work this of writing the of As months. of couple was a last to closure expected The indeed. information newsworthy is that office, Ministers Prime permits licensing proper the without building a in years 19 for operating been had archives the sources news to According problems. licensing to due notice further until closed reclassific to addition In pened. expired long ago. Even files that were previously declassified are declassified previously were that files Even ago. long expired − law Israeli accord − files classified as period their that fact the despite archives, ‘ 2013) end. dead a hit often Segev Tom or Shlaim Avi Morris, Benny by books in cited files the down track to sought who Researchers secret.” “top as embarrassin considered events other with along soldiers, Israeli by perpetrated rapes or massacres Palestinians, of expulsion the reported that documents Israeli Archived material. explosive the “Ne the dubbed those by written books of the publication the by triggered reverberations powerful following decades, two past the In researchers. to available longer no Most files relating to the 1948 Palestinian exodus remain sealed in the Israeli the in sealed remain exodus Palestinian 1948 the to relating files Most (Hasson 2012 ) 2012 (Hasson

w Historians,” the Israeli archives revoked access to much of of much to access revoked archives Israeli the Historians,” w , seeing as how the state archives operate directly under the under directly operate archives state the how as seeing , ation, as of October 2012, the Israeli State Archives officially Archives State Israeli the 2012, October of as ation, ave

g by the establishment, were reclassified were establishment, the by g been reclassified. The previous statement previous The reclassified. been

’ -

classified (Hazkani n to ing 19

CEU eTD Collection and stop the development of national identity and cultu and identity national of development the stop and discourse historical control to attempt constant a is history their archive to attempts Palestinian on onslaught continued The history. and land their both from torn refugees th left has population the displacing while heritage cultural and Palestinian of confiscation This Nakbeh. 1948 the in uprooted was whole, a as society history, Palestinian First, patterns. certain see we above the to conclusion In 1.4 military dominant, the of view the only grain, the with or against read to archives no Hence society. Israeli within ideology re until historians new the of works initial the between period the of exception the with accessible, not are disposition Palestinian of issue the to relate that archives Israeli p the that is say be does it cannot What are. whole and can a they contrary as the on archives accessed, Israeli the that say to not is This difficult. more never the and be), will inevitably they (which open are offices official the if even which archives, Israeli the to access more without done be can works new no many works, published have may historians new the Although claims. sustain and make a to ability end or discontent silence either to intervened semi (and state and here light even Yet to claims. information Palestinian vitalstrengthened brought have historiography Israel’s of gaps the within that out point to important also is it Although physical control, but also control discourse the and history of colonized. of merely not maintain to forces colonial of resolve the of marker a is erasure this ensure - classification. . Conclusion - yet

- C elsiid ouet mk mr rsac it te oi even topic the into research more make documents declassified nosi ee o atraie iw t mainframe to views alternative of even ensorship - itros ad oefl ean a the as remains powerful and victorious,

Israeli society attempts to bridge to attempts society Israeli re. The use of military force to force military of use The re. ccess documents needed to needed documents ccess e Palestinians who became who Palestinians e - tt) oe have power state)

the re the

- classified, art of the of art Zionism 20

CEU eTD Collection by colonizer, bureaucracy. arms and powerof power of their by them denied is colonized the of knowledge the that means “the mean not does subalt This historiography. and narrative dominant and accepted

ern cannot speak” cannot ern (Spivak 1988) (Spivak

, nor is that the point of this work. Rather, it Rather, work. this of point the that is nor ,

21

CEU eTD Collection set udryn saitc, o te ae nocd ad o ht ns y applyi by ends what to and enforced, are they how statistics, underlying aspects theoretical the at looking by done be will This Bank. West the of reality sociocidal use the differences, their enumeration of regardless that show to is this of point the messages, different have agents differing these Although messages. convey and aims specific achieve to numbers use agencies different how show will I chapter, this In and Games of Economic Theory the of creators the of one Morgenstern, Oskar Economist the colony the govern abilitie states of methods advanced more for need the saw which revolution, industrial the of rise the since form contemporary the in used been have statistics that agreed is it Generally an unmistakable powerin mode have ‘Numbers Indeed power. without not is experience’ productive of ‘lack this But practices” enumerative of but experience of not products are up, made Asad catego the as well as […] Talaluniverse statistical “the claims: academia. sociologists, of by field wider scrutinized the within been and economists, long anthropologists, have data statistical and Enumeration them to examples in the West Bank. how

and th Behavior, wrote a paper titled “The Illusion of Statistics” of Illusion “The titled paper a wrote Behavior, - nwnl o unintentionally or knowingly e s to govern to s to

what ends (Appadurai 1993) (Appadurai Chapter 2: (N. Rose 1991) Rose (N. .

rn political culture’

). Yet the other side of the coin here lays in both in lays here coin the of side other the Yet ).

Palest

- (Asad 1994) (Asad

inian Present inian oes p dsot, n dsiue the disfigures and distorts, up, covers (N. Rose1991) (N.

ries of which this universe is universe this which of ries (and also, simultaneously to simultaneously also, (and

.

in 1972 in (Asad 1994) (Asad f such of (Jemna 22 ng .

CEU eTD Collection statistical knowledge process procedures. Where the standardization on the one hand one the on standardization the Where procedures. process knowledge statistical standardizatio the is aspect gathering information the in mentioned flaws the Of to a reasons number of 2005 Musteata and making for mechanisms technical automatic as act to purporting by objectivity and simultaneous decisions take and insti statistics, producing and numbers using By a but populations regulating and transforming them” representing and understanding of mode a merely not [is] standpoint, governmental a from […], figures classify and assembling colonies such in created divides religious boarders its ethnic within as groups themselves see to them inspired then that immigrants of categorization categorizati these within themselves see people make to is done has groups national/ethnic/religious of categorization what standardization, of aspect an is indeed and standardization, def Another reduces other diversity the on processing, and observing for process statistical the refines 3. 2. 1.

R C I nformation gathering conditions, esearch elaborated conditions. describingonditions of reality objectively (Jemna and Musteata 2005 nn faue f ttsis s aeoiain Atog te coey to closely tied Although categorization. is statistics of feature ining ly de ly ons. Examples of this are limitless, from the US Bureau of Statistics of Bureau US the from limitless, are this of Examples ons. - politicizes politics, by “ by politics, politicizes - 2006) ae o nmrc representation” numeric on based :

. Morgensterns main point main Morgensterns . N Rs 1991) Rose (N. (Asad 1994) (Asad - 2006)

. redrawing the boundaries between politics between boundaries the redrawing

t clna eueain n te e the and enumeration colonial to , Apdri 1993) (Appadurai . tutes of power are enabled to: “ to: enabled are power of tutes

;

was that statistics that was

N Rs 1991) Rose (N. Yt te on in point “the Yet . n instrument for for instrument n are fl awed due awed govern This . thno n of of n 23 -

CEU eTD Collection statesmen to deem political problems assoc information this of production the for centralized are that state the to connected are that centers having by centrality, constitutes also Statistics disclose’ to appears statistics that society our of realities the by shaped are life political of images ‘our ju

dgments”

(N. Rose 1991) Rose (N. (N. Rose 1991) Rose (N. . Stat .

istical numeric representation also affects society as society affects also representation numeric istical , this in and of itself is a clear form of domin of form clear a is itself of and in this , ial problems (Rose and Miller, 1992). (N. Rose 1991) Rose (N. . This allows This . ance.

24

CEU eTD Collection In this brief secti brief this In 3.1. 3 security food create to attempted factions Leftist production. local support to started also that it within movement boycott powerful a had also but resistance, ‘peaceful’ mark was uprising This throwing. stone and cards, I.D. of burning strikes, “Intifada” to 1967 From EtzionKfar S continues that law military under territories these branc a is which B W the of administration the that noting worth is it Here Government. Israeli the th and Jordan, gained In the underlying powerrelations will in begreater shown details. ev these of relevance the then and elaboration much without stated be briefly

pebr 97 h etbihet f h frt sal Stlmn i te et Bank, West the in Settlement Israeli first the of establishment the 1967 eptember Arabic for Uprising ank and ank ue 97 h Irei iiay eet te armie the defeats military Israeli the 1967 June Background Background

control of the West Bank, including East Jerusalem from the government of of government the from Jerusalem East including Bank, West the of control 3 G

starts with mass participation of Palestinians in civil disobedience, general disobedience, civil in Palestinians of participation mass with starts , was st , was aza e Gaza Strip from the Egyptian government. East Jerusalem annexed by annexed Jerusalem East government. Egyptian the from Strip Gaza e 1987 S h of the Israeli Army. This placed the whole of the population of of population the of whole the placed This Army. Israeli the of h trip (WBGS) trip

on, what will be discussed is a is discussed be will what on, arted

the WBGS WBGS the

. Chapter 3:

fell under the control of the Israeli Civil Affairs office, office, Affairs Civil Israeli the of control the under fell was administered was

Systems of Power

by the Israeli army. In 1987 In army. Israeli the by historical – o Eyt Sra ad odn It Jordan. and Syria, Egypt, of s in various levels various in

narrative

. They will first first will They . -

to this day. this to ed by its by ed

ents and ents the First the est 25 In

CEU eTD Collection the Palestinian Authority, and entered in the West Bank and Gaza. According to the to According Gaza. and Bank West the in entered and Authority, Palestinian the Israel of state the recognized PLO the while people, Palestinian the of representative sole the as PLO 1 In present, and organized through popular committees. self introducing by stated the aims of t for one AHLC Committee Liaison Hoc Ad The centers that are usually cities and large towns. contro administrative and security Israeli under be to was C Area While control. security Israeli and administration Palestinian under be to was B Area control. administrative and security PA’s the under be to were and Authority, Palestinian the to gradually over handed be would Strip Gaza the and Bank West the Agreement, Oslo 994

promote cooperation among donors; to order in activities assistance regarding dialogue a for forum a provide · and trade sector private fostering investment for responsibility particular take · · promote transparency in the activities Secretariat donors, of and recipient; the to donors individual Palestinian people; of efforts assistance promote and coordinate · is chaired by the government of Norway and has 15 representatives including representatives 15 has and Norway of government the by chaired is he EU, US Government, World Bank, Government of Israel, and the PA. The PA. the and Israel, of Government Bank, World Government, US EU, he came the signing of the Oslo Accords, which was Israeli recognition of the of recognition Israeli was which Accords, Oslo the of signing the

AHLC and effectiv and ;

- sufficiency programs. High levels of volunteerism was was volunteerism of levels High programs. sufficiency

are:

ely ended the First Inifada First the ended ely

(AHLC)

divided into 3 areas; A, B, and C. Area A was was A Area C. and B, A, areas; 3 into divided . eeal ae A r hg population high are A area Generally l.

a etbihd h peiu ya. The year. previous the established was

. Hence the PLO established PLO the Hence . also

26

CEU eTD Collection being paid by the PA. government in the GS after its victory in the elections in 2006 which are/aren’t regarding about 10,000 employees that were employed by the Hamas 5 de administration and development in the WBGS, rather Roy states that in the GS 4 then and done be to GoI the of responsibility the was which collection, tax included Go the and PA the between agreement trade free the Par The sides. two the between relations 1995 currently hasroughly 153,000employees gover previously had ICA The unemployment. lessen to order in sector public large a created PA the employment, itself sustain could economy Palestinian Theoreticall yearly in aid donor The Government. AH the of creation the With

It is worth n This is not to claim that the 25,000 employees of the ICA were sufficient for - development was present witnessed .

the Declaration Principles. of Palestinian the to assistance for needs the to respond · · review reports bythe Secretariat and pledges made bythe donors; · monitor developments in the Palestinian econo activities; its of forum multilateral the of groups relevant the basis regular a on inform · hs u hs hne oe te er yt a kp wti te bv stated. above the within kept has yet years the over changed has sum This , h pyet f uh oo ad a itne t cniu utl the until continue to intended was aid donor such of payment the y, oting that this number may be contested as there is a conflict the signing of the “Paris Protocol” which set the economic basis of of basis economic the set which Protocol” “Paris the of signing the

C fnig a canld no creating into channeled was funding LC,

(Roy 1995) most e te BS ih 500 employees 25,000 with WBGS the ned

years has roughly been between 1 between been roughly has years . is

(Sherwood 2011) (Sherwood , .

Protocol

hc i hs e t do. to yet has it which (Ad Hoc Liaison Committee 2011 Committee Liaison Hoc (Ad , also know also , my asa whole; vernment of of vernment 5

people in the context of of context the in people n

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re (GoI) srael a - I 1.5Bn USD USD 1.5Bn n terms of of terms n 4 Palestinian

. The PA PA The . )

It . 27

CEU eTD Collection demonstrations erupt fails. Settlement’ Status ‘Final of until continued Process Peace The (Rubin 2013) am this years, recent In PA. the to reallocated International Court of Justice. ‘Security Fence’. Hence the use of the phrase ‘Wall’, which was used by the 6 which will be talked about in detail in later chapters. The Wh that cut aid foreign that Palestinians depended on. th from sanctions about brought victory electoral This members. 132 of 74 of Council Legislative Palestinian the of majority Authority. 9 3 November resources, while Israel cited security needs. and land Palestinian more confiscate to built was it claim Palestinians year. same “Wall” the of Construction siege. under compound Presidential the On escalated, with extreme violence introduced onbot

th Palestinians tend to c

ile aid from the Funders was cut, Israel also stopped rea stopped also Israel cut, was Funders the from aid ile of January 2005, Mahmoud Abbas Abbas Mahmoud 2005, January of

embargo created one of the worst economic crises in recent Palestinian history, Palestinian recent in crises economic worst the of one created embargo u t Ail hrns nrne o Msi hl st te rvos a. The day. previous the site holy Muslim a to entrance Sharon’s Ariel to due

29 th The

of of rd

and isan important budget. revenue the source of PA’s for

2004 marked the death of Palestinian President Yassir Arafat. Arafat. Yassir President Palestinian of death the marked 2004 March 26 increase th

f aur 20 parliamentar 2006 January of ,

2002 all it the ‘Apartheid Wall’, while Israel uses the term n cl ad h Scn Intifada Second the and scale in ,

Israeli “Operation Defensive Shield” places Palestinian places Shield” Defensive “Operation Israeli

In July 2000 July

September 29, 2000 wide scale demonstrations scale wide 2000 29, September e United States, Israel, and EU and Israel, States, United e is

lce a peiet f h Palestinian the of president as elected , when the when , ount

h sides. eetos ruh Hms o a to Hamas brought elections y

er ruhy 1 roughly nears

Camp David Summit to talk to Summit David Camp

llocating the tax revenues. tax the llocating

begin 6 Eet quickly Events .

omne that commences 00 million USD USD million 00

member states member

On the On 28

CEU eTD Collection did not allow suchtransactions to reach the Palestinian Authority PA’s the funding the by s the Although hosted agreement Agreement an Mecca the called with was and Arabia, done Saudi of was Government This Hamas. and Fateh both of o creation the saw 2007 March the fighting 7 “Ending the Occupation, Establishing the State” Plan. neo with synonymous be to come years the for 2007/8 Plan Development and Reform Palestinian his introduces Fayyad 15 the on Minister Prime as Fayyad, Salam PA, the of representative Pre Palestinian Hamas the leaving while WB, the of off lifted be to embargo and funding the resume to PA the for allowed split internal The Palestinian politics and Bank, West the of control Fateh to led this Effectively 14 the on ended c employees, pa no and income, of lack With

Human Rights Watch condemned both sides for committing war crimes during -

00 I, n te oiis ht follow that policies the and It, 2010.

ahs ewe Hma ad ae fgtr satd n ue 10 June on started fighters Fateh and Hammas between lashes igning of th of igning iet ba asgs L mme ad omr ol Bank World former and member PLC assigns Abbas sident was unable was th –

and geography ih h rsl be result the with

e agreement brought agreement e

to attain bank transactions, bank attain to

f the “National Unity Government” made up primarily up made Government” Unity “National the f - liberalism. -

ever since. mn fo te aetn Gvrmn t its to Government Palestine the from yment n Hms oto oe te Gaza the over control Hamas ing - Controlled GS under embargo to this day. this to embargo under GS Controlled

August 29 August

bcm kon s Fyaim and ‘Fayyadism’ as known become , back some of the formerly the of some back

th due to the Patriot Act, Patriot the to due

2009 Fayyad introduces his introduces Fayyad 2009

n nenl pi within split internal an (UNRWA 2006) (UNRWA Fta 2007) (Fattah th -

frozen Gulf Gulf frozen ue 2007. June Strip. which th

and 29 7 .

CEU eTD Collection USD 2011) 2013) (Rubin of revenues tax the withholding GoI the to led also majority a was which state, observer his On restrictions aswell: restrictions administrative 2010) deemed system, This WB. c the within movement of control maintain to GoI the by employed system the imply to regime restriction’ ‘movement term the uses OCHA 3.2.1. 3.2. mechanisms control of relevant. events these make that agents and relations power the of analysis additional an with had have events these impacts the historical the the In (Goldman 2013) omprehensive by OCHA, restricts movement of Palestinians within the WB the within Palestinians of movement restricts OCHA, by omprehensive November 12 November st On Power On

ate I i se a a ytm ht s opsd f oh hscl btce and obstacles physical both of composed is that system a as seen is It . , n ogesoa ai Congressional in ‘Movement restriction regime’ itsmechanisms and above

n te ntd tts ihodn is i t te A f another of PA the to aid its withholding States United the and Israeli authorities in the context of its prolonged occupation, which included which occupation, prolonged its of context the in authorities Israeli “ - hs ytm ae n diin o pre to addition in came system This hood bid. As a result; 138 result; a As bid. hood , historically relevant events relevant historically , iig h db o te A o sal Eetiiy Company Electricity Israeli to PA the on debt the citing context

th yet the delay put theinto PA a financial crisis

2012 Palestine President Mahmoud Abbas addresses the UNGA in UNGA the addresses Abbas Mahmoud President Palestine 2012

. T . and show how they how and operate. show he following following he a well as d OH 2010) (OCHA .

member states vote the ‘State of Palestine’ as an as Palestine’ of ‘State the vote states member h U fns ee ie on given were funds US The section Rvd Sae ad ogvy 2012) Mozgovaya and Shalev (Ravid, have been briefly been have .

However will elaborate on, analyze on, elaborate will -

xsig oiis mlmne b the by implemented policies existing The next section will break down down break will section next The

i i as bsd n preexisting on based also is it , 1 00 million US million 00 noted.

.

This has established has This ac 21 March D from the PA PA the from D ,

0 million 500 and explore and (Sherwood (Sherwood

(OCHA (OCHA . st

e it Yet 2013 30

CEU eTD Collection

Pa 25,000 estimated an have will Wall the of population a has and owners their from trees olive million 2 roughly disconnects Wall The The only entrance to Qalqilya isa manned Israeli checkpoint. Wall. the by surrounded completely is whole a as city the that observable becomes lands Wall the Bethlehem in that see We cities. these citie the geo the noting worthy is It this It parts. other from land and communities zigstraightline,it no Wallline’.Theis ‘greenthe line armistice 1949 the on portion remaining the with construction under of As 3.2.2. looks without a map, hence 2011 Wall Wall cesbe o Palestinians to accessible (OCHA 2010) (OCHA r available develop and use to also but area, of ability the to only not reference includes which sense, broadest its in here used is “access” term The settlements. Israeli to allocated land and zones” military “closed as designated areas Jerusalem, East Palestin of access the on restrictions s of Bethlehem and Qalqilya. In Appendix In Qalqilya. and Bethlehem of s the Wall was planned to be to planned was Wall the

(OCHA 2011) (OCHA

6,500 - spatial configuration of the Wall near cities, particularly cities, near Wall the of configuration spatial stuck ‘on the wrong side’ of the wall the of side’ wrong the ‘on stuck B . OH 2009) (OCHA

. 2.

Roughly 85% of the Wall is built on WB lands, WB on built is Wall the of 85% Roughly

708 is Km ians to large and important areas, such as such areas, important and large to ians etnas iig n em Zones Seam in living lestinians

particularly difficult to understand how how understand to difficult particularly

long . ,

-

zag hl i te ae of case the in While B. 3. and B and 3. B. which renders on 13% of of 13% on renders which , with 65% of it complete and 8% and complete it of 65% with , sucs hr, rmrl land.” primarily there, esources s throughout the WB cutting off cuttingoff WBthe throughout s

(OCHA 2011) (OCHA

peop .4.

are detailed maps of of maps detailed are e o ec a given a reach to le . When completed When . , also known as known also , (Oxfam 2010) (Oxfam

aqla it Qalqilya,

(OCHA (OCHA districts 31 ,

CEU eTD Collection 3% of the WB, the land allocated to settlements makes up 43% of the WB and renders and WB the of 43% up makes settlements to allocated land the WB, the of 3% 2012) (OCHA settlements 150 erected has Israel 1967 Since 3.2.3. manned byIsraeli soldiers are which Wall the in gates through areas residential their of out and in move only 2011) together, at looked When Bank. West the within movement of difficulty the shows obstacles physical as Wall the and settlements the of placement The whole. cohesive it Here 3.3. amount. complete the not obstacles, of amount minimum the is number this methodology, per roadblocks see often, shift blocks numbers road the Although and gates, road trenches, mounds, earth including unstaffed 418 staffed, partially 45 checkpoints, staffed permanently 65 were there WB the in “obstacles” 505 were there 2010 In 3.2.4. against the Palestinians were closed without indictment investigation Police Israeli of 90% 2010 and 2005 years the 500,000 nearly of population a have settlements The 6. B. to inaccessible areas those Power ofSystem, system ofpower . Settlements Checkpoints and borders and Checkpoints The people in these areas, also known as known also areas, these in people The is

ot pitn out pointing worth . Although settlements (the fenced in parts of the settlements) take up take settlements) the of parts in fenced (the settlements Although . annum

. Although, it should be noted that according to OCHAs own own OCHAs to according that noted be should it Although,

(OCHA 2012) (OCHA the Palestinian population Palestinian the ht hs mvmn rsrcin eie oeae a a as operates regime’ restriction ‘movement this that

. pedx B Appendix

‘Seam Zones’ are entrapped, and can and entrapped, are Zones’ ‘Seam (OCHA 2010) (OCHA n oe 10 eteet outposts settlement 100 over and

5 . (B'Tselem 2011) (B'Tselem (OCHA 2012) (OCHA fr the for . (OCHA 2012) (OCHA . Of the 505 ob 505 the Of .

no ete violence settler into

list of amounts of of amounts of list . OH 2010) (OCHA , see Appendix see ,

. Between . stacles 32 .

CEU eTD Collection Add to that the administrative regim administrative the that to Add other. the to WB the of side one from products and people transport to capable roads certain leaves only that see can one maps the at looking when Finally, Bank. West the the borders, and reserves,nature zones, military closed the adding also when Second, south. and middle, north, divisions, latitudinal three into first Bank West the divide They movement. for open roads only A (see picture bigger a show also they its from isolated completely be would affected being city the closed, be checkpoints these Should villages. surrounding their with cities connect that points check Second, in divides effect the WB into 4separate parts. simultane be they Should part. another from WB the of parts major the of one any disconnect effectively would it close, checkpoints these Should Valley). Jordan the with WB the of middle the connects (which checkpoint Qalandia Valley), th of north the connects (which checkpoint the Hamra to south), WB the of middle the connects (which checkpoint the Container with the WB middle), the of north the connects that checkpoint the is (which checkpoint J the and WB the of south middle, north, the of connection the First, is. control of system this effective how obvious becomes it system, this in checkpoints the including When times. West the in Palestinians for movement making p The restricted. more even is movement of ability the and Palestinians to limits off them leaving only, Israeli ordan

V le (JV) alley hr te main the here ; ower inherent in this system is based on the ability of of ability the on based is system this in inherent ower e mentioned by OCHA, which makes some roads some makes which OCHA, by mentioned e ppendix y also divide the Jordan Valley from the rest of of rest the from Valley Jordan thedivide also y hcpit cm i, atclry Za’atara particularly in, come checkpoints

B .7.

ak ifcl, f o ipsil at impossible not if difficult, Bank ). Technically these obstacles leaveTechnicallyobstacles these ). W wt te Jordan the with WB e ously closed, it closed, ously 33

CEU eTD Collection When looking at the cohesive whole of the ‘movement restriction regime’ it shows shows it regime’ restriction ‘movement the of whole cohesive the at looking When which hasa permanent 16checkpoints status of in the city itself. c single a in neighborhoods isolate that checkpoints Third, Toulkarim. of case the is so complete, is Wall the when and Qalqilya, of city the isolate completely to checkpoint single a of surrounding rural water and electricity are the bought from GoI. both of majority the electricity; and water on following the out point to important is a looked reliance this of result The imports. food on reliant population the leaving ‘Economy’), titled chapter the in (listed reasons fuel. and nutrition, and foodstuffs basic includes This WB. the of out and in allowed is what dictate to GoI the enables GoI the by WB the of borders the of control Effectively, control bo of – control of mechanisms other are there regime restriction movement the to addition In 3.4. closures immediately cost the Palestinian econom and trade, more for allows allow instantly to easing as Such people. so and restrictions goods of lessen movement to is GoI the to request donors the meetings, i really WB the fragmented how just r punishment or Beyond mereBeyond ‘movement restriction regime’ t by actors by t T he Pale he ity from other neighborhoods. Here is the prominent example of Hebron, of example prominent the is Here neighborhoods. other from ity rders and the water source extraction of and electricity production. -

s. Yet as shown in the previous Appendixes, it only takes the closing the takes only it Appendixes, previous the in shown as Yet s. f h Plsiin ouain ht s vn agr Ti i bsd on based is This larger. even is that population Palestinian the of stinian agriculture sector is in such a weak state to due to state weak a such in is sector agriculture stinian -

will be discussed in the chapter titled ‘humanitarian’. For now, it now, For ‘humanitarian’. titled chapter the in discussed be will - and how the claims of food of claims the how and s. It is of little wonder that in the many the in that wonder little of is It s.

y. : Food, Water, Energy: Food,Water,

- security/insecurity are security/insecurity

to

multiple AHLC

34

CEU eTD Collection Taken into the wider picture, wider the into Taken electricity the isboughtJordan(see from Appendix Kingdom of hav also that fuels fossil fuels; fossil by powered are which generators by produced be to some GoI the by aquifers with rich is WB the Although the within flows cash of cycle indirect the are, PA the by employed those which the but PA, the benefic direct not are people if Even sustain whole. a as economy Palestinian only not technically reallocation tax and aid donor The the past/ amount these withheld has GoI the Although PA. the of behalf on done is that exports and imports for borders the at collected are that returns 1 on heavily 1.3 ranged has which funding, The PA. the funding of task the started A the and Accords, Oslo the signed PLO the 1994 in chapter, this of beginning the at Section History the in stated As 3.5. final chapter Part of theoretical, just not is power such of use While WB. the in Palestinian every of heads the above hung are that coercion of machines the into wa their for GoI the - 1.5 Bn USD a year since 1995, has since sustained the PA. T PA. the sustained since has 1995, since year a USD Bn 1.5 Donor RegimeDonor e to pass through Israeli borders to reach the WB. Finally, a small amount of of amount small a Finally, WB. the reach to borders Israeli through pass to e

(B'Tselem 2010) (B'Tselem 0 ilo UD eloae t te truh h GI Tee r tax are These GoI. the through them to reallocated USD million 00

ter, electricity, fuel and food. Adding yet another layer of power of layer another yet Adding food. and fuel electricity, ter, II .

While most electricity is bought from Israel, that leaves that Israel, from bought is electricity most While this leaves Palestinian society at large a dependent on dependent a large at society Palestinian leaves H L C (which had been established the year before) before) year the established been had (which C and wells, drilling is based on permits issued permits on based is drilling wells, and

which will be shown in the in shown be will which B.8. s at certain times in times certain at s

anywhere between anywhere he PA also relies also PA he ). iaries of this aid, this of iaries

by the GoI GoI the by 35

CEU eTD Collection another and renders them dependent. peoples for responsible regime donor the makes This funding. this through livelihoods their attain another, taxi or way one to in all, drivers, mechanics, to bakeries, from everyone rather but profit, PA the of behalf outsourced do who Sector Private the in those only Not funds. these to tied another or way one in whole a as WB the in society Palestinian the makes economy 2001) o allocation and recruitment with concerned “p which and survival to vital utilities of provisions I) imperatives; two within are allocations These allocations. of use the is; case this in eminent most the Of post of colonial states, ha autonomy the lacks it though even PA, the Yet continued grabs. the land and and resource settlers, army, Israeli the of presence active the with colonial presence its asserting and population its of control for mechanisms specific uses regime, colonial former the from practices its of much inherits which state, colonial post the that claims Mbembe operate. to theory colonial and Mbembe Achille of work the upon Drawing coercion. of means a as used are power stated of the mechanisms how show to sections previous the on drawing be will I section, the In 3.6. On DependencyOn .

artly explain artly s importants similarities with post

the proliferation of public and semi and public of proliferation the Meb 2001) (Mbembe

Atog te B s a fo big ‘post’ being from far is WB the Although .

hw o tee ehnss f control of mechanisms these how show f benefits, salaries, and perks” and salaries, benefits, f - ’ colonial states.

cnmc en i oe a or way one in being economic - public bodies and policies and bodies public

II) political pay political II)

(Mbembe

work on work - offs, offs, 36 - -

CEU eTD Collection state and society. It acted as a resource the state could buy obedience and gratitude and obedience buy could state the resource a as acted It society. and state “ control how understand to us enable to sufficient then morearesalaries the of scaleand sizethe Yet works. supporting lacks alsothattopic a broad too becomes it corruption, Fateh and PA of guise the under present undoubtedly benef Although ‘salary’. the is work this to interest of is what Here are dependent onthe existence the PA. of everyth with dependents political of mode a such applying When claims throughwhich the state created debt onthe societ of existence the on but representation, equal and equality political of principle the on based exchange political of type a if constitution the also but subjection only not po the break to and the salary as an institution was an essential cog in the dynamic of relations between relations of dynamic the in cog essential an was institution an as salary the ieiod o l i hd u udr biain Ti mat ht n salaried any necessarilyworker was a dependent’ that meant This obligation. under put had it all to livelihood makin with decision political affect to endowed able thereby and rights civic individuals and natural inherent among equivalence in not and redistribution in effected was subjection of relation a of construction the words, other ‘In - rga oe a 5 a over program

Sewo 2011) (Sherwood ing done, but it is to say that the livelihoods of 153,000 and their families their and 153,000 of livelihoods the that say to is it but done, ing g. By transforming the salary into a claim, the state granted means of of means granted state the claim, a into salary the transforming By g. pulation to habits of discipline”. This sa This discipline”. of habits to pulation ,0 sc dependents such 0,000 Ta i nt o a ta al h P’ epoes agree employees PA’s the all that say to not is That .

analysis, we see that the PA in 1994 conscripted to conscripted 1994 in PA the that see we analysis,

(Mbembe 2001) .

oa i i ruhy 153,000 roughly is it Today is creat is y ” . Mbembe continues:

lary is what “ what is lary ed. As Mbembe states, Mbembe As ed. its and perks are perks and its legitimated

37 its -

CEU eTD Collection the PA’s salary payments. That amounts to roughly 23.5% of the population of the of population the of 23.5% roughly to amounts That payments. salary PA’s the on dependent are Palestinians 918,000 that means also It themselves. sustain to enable employe 153,000 that consideration into taking When members. family 5 and employee the people, 6 of feeds emploevery consideration.First, intotaken be to need that factors other are there PA, the by employed directly those to addition In 10 the population of these areas is 3.9 million. 9 8 a year in tax revenues and control borders). of 1.3 (for community donor itself dependent is PA the Hence, aid. donor on reliant is and economy its of control sovereign have not does PA the society, Palestinian in dependents creates and employs PA the that level the on hold statements his although complet not is this Yet, about. wrote he states African the does it as situation Palestinian the fit statements Mbembe’s that say can one theory, In on‘growth’statisticseffects will in bethe shown, chapter titled ‘Economy’. will This large. very is whole a as economy the on which of effect indirect the population, the of 23.5% of consist livelihood a for PA the on dependent directly those since affects; its and employment such of scale the Second, WBGS

Based on the PCBS statistical claim of the WBGS (including east Jerusalem) that Average household size in the WB in 2012 was 5.3, in GS it was 6.1

UNRWA claims this number is higher, placed at 30% 5.7 9 10

people

being directly 8

es are on public sector wages; that means 918,000 Palestinians are Palestinians 918,000 means that wages; sector public on are es (PCBS 2012) (PCBS

dependent salaries. onPA - 1.5 Bn USD a year) and the GoI (for the 500 million USD USD million 500 the (for GoI the and year) a USD Bn 1.5

this

means that every individual wage is the livelihood the is wage individual every that means

yed person in the PalestinianTerritoriesthe in person yed

. Its dependence is on both the both on is dependence Its . ely true in this instance. For For instance. this in true ely (UNRWA

be elaborated on, and its and on, elaborated be 2006)

38

CEU eTD Collection claim that colonialism maintains itself through the agency of a class/sect/ or group, it group, or class/sect/ a of agency the through itself maintains colonialism that claim to is one if sense, this In lose. also PA the of dependents direct not are who those such should population, the of majority the not is it if even While occupation. the on becomes dependent population the of majority the funders, its to adherence PA’s the to tied it Africa, of account Mbembes from differs situation Palestinian the above, shown as Although be elaborated onin the this conclusionthesis. Part IIof of and population the on has it affects what and reproduced, maintained, sustained, is dependence this How a dependent and complicit with the occupation and the donorregime. only is

partially true in the Palestinian scenario: as the population as a whole is made is whole a as population the as scenario: Palestinian the in true partially

no less has a power affect. As people are tied to their employment, which is which employment, their to tied are people As affect. power a has less no

funding cut it eventually leads to the economy as a whole to collapse and collapse to whole a as economy the to leads eventually it cut funding the PA’s political program political PA’s the

and how it is related to sociocide to related is it how and

will 39

CEU eTD Collection Economy’ studies. colonial for source unique a is which Egypt’, ‘Colonizing an produced instances some illusion in statistics of use the that thought Morgenstern If quote Mitchell in length: To economics. into introduced also was physics of discipline the in twist this energy, disc the of unification the physics on arose where Physics economics. 1870’s in used the be to came to imaginaries and economics terminology of understanding the in changes the wh a as systems ‘economic and society’ ‘economic Employment, like of phrases Money’ Theory and General Interest, ‘The Keynes John until up even that explains mid since existed only has totality a as ‘economy’ word ole’ were used to mean what is today generally understood as economy. He traces He economy. as understood generally today is what mean to used were ole’ creating a fun a creating field single a as phenomenon diverse constitute physics in energy of conservation 1988:17). (Mirowski, the proof of nature descripti such accept actual to and the described, being of phenomenon analysis an for and measurement description mathematical quantitative substitute to predisposition a encouraged an invisible as conceived was disciplines both of concept central the that fact ‘The , Timothy Mitchell took it one step further. further. step one it took Mitchell Timothy , (Mitchell, Fixing the Economy 1998) Economy the Fixing (Mitchell, n ukoal fre norgd hs edny Ti i turn in This tendency. this encouraged force unknowable and damental contradiction in the mathematics of the new science. new the of mathematics the in contradiction damental Chapter 4: ipline around the ‘protean, unique, unknowable force’ of of force’ unknowable unique, ‘protean, the around ipline

E Dsie h aig a i polm te a of law the problem: big a aping, the (Despite conomy conomy

– h picpe ht ae t osbe to possible it made that principle the and Growth

Mitchell argues that argues Mitchell - Mitchell

had no parallel in economics, in parallel no had - twentieth century. Mitchell century. twentieth

s eond o his for renowned is In his ‘Fixing the ‘Fixing his In on as a form of of form a as on the use of the of use the 40

CEU eTD Collection ahr s d a as rather but commodity particular a in prices of falls and rises to tied just not market a of idea econometrics The econometrics. of rise the saw 1930’s The concerned with the and last first which willthe section be following of the focus are we points, mentioned previously the Of 89). 1998: (Mitchell growth as politics of ord internationl the of representation new a itself, represent 3 process’ ‘total explains this Mitchell of agents? aspects what to and have this did effects what but concept, of development the traced mentioned above The 4.1 novel concept. a become had it WWII of end the by and depression, great the of product a was that al that ‘measurements’ of introduction and economics, of field the into moving physics in trained men) (read people with physics, from adopted terminology scientific of use the by be to came structure totalizing coherent a as economy of notion the Overall, by the Great Depression. General ‘The Tinbergen’s Theory’ Jan was economy entire an representing model such lowed for the production of ‘data’. It also solidified due to the socio the to due solidified also It ‘data’. of production the for lowed . State? Economy? (Mitchell 1998: 86) non berate their in picky so be flaw to not them told economists the mathematics, basic the economists to out pointed Mathematicians When (Mitchell 1998: 87). The idea of economy as a coherent notion was solidified was notion coherent a as economy of idea The 87). 1998: (Mitchell ynamic economic process that represents an entire economy. The first first The economy. entire an represents that process economic ynamic

- ahmtcl cnmss o ter l their for economists mathematical

(italics my own) hw t rvdd nw a fr h nation the for way new a provided it how ;

eooy a a oeet total coherent a as ‘economy’ c o sinii precision. scientific of ack er, and a novel conception novel a and er, - ists started to develop the develop to started ists – while continuing to continuing while - political unrest political - tt to state .

41

CEU eTD Collection bet ewe te 90s n te 90s rvdd nw agae n which in language new a provided 1950’s the and 1930’s the between object discursive a as economy the of development the “Thus aggregates. new represent statistic of methods and vocabulary and terminology new by accompanied geo the within whole a or whole, re a place, economy the of discourse emergent “the explains Mitchell imaginary the represents that limit geographical the beyond extend oftern relations and powers economic for economy, the contain fact in not do state the of borders “the bounded boarders, spatial First, relations. macro power as known (also ‘economy’ structureal national several see can one above, the stated Having manufactures. materia and spatial as growth measuring then Rather (ibid). object” an as economy the defining relations of totality the of intensification internal “the of terms in growth at looking of capable became limits” physical its altering grow to imagined be could [that] object new the […] was economy “the Stating growth. explain to on continues He (ibid). economy” distinct a of boundary “in world the pictured which Fund Monetary International the and Bank, World UN, the by then Nations, of Leaugue the by consolidated being as sees Mitchell which order, new the While bounded nation - tt cud pa fr tef n iaie t eitne s oehn natural, something as existence its imagine and itself for speak could state

and subject to political management political to subject and - mgnto o te nation the of imagination

the form of separate nation separate of form the

within the ‘nation the within (ibid). As the new geo new the As (ibid). epnin n te eeomn o nw akt and markets new of development the and expansion l - political boundaries of the state. It also was was also It state. the of boundaries political - tt” Ti nw cnm ws en o e a be to seen was economy new This state”. - economics) is subject to geo to subject is economics) - state’. Although as Mitchell points out points Mitchell as Although state’. ” (Mitchell 1998: 90) italics my own. own. my italics 90) 1998: (Mitchell ” - states, with each state marking the marking state each with states, - spatially bounded total economy total bounded spatially represented, in the first first the in represented, - political and political – which s without the 42

CEU eTD Collection believe to be ‘good gover ‘good be to believe they what for programs and plans own their conduct statistics, own their produce that Bank World and IMF the like institutes through which order, international current the national economy the object, real a of relationships and elements different the represent to claim all discource economic of programmes and plans statistics, models, of “proliferation the (Mitc economy” an of space point will at be shown a later point in this chapter. Rat peoples. real of livelihoods the representation. marks now constructed was which a economy by illuded is which economy ‘real’ a by accompanied as seen just not and state, totalized the and economy totalized the both within resides which population secure/insecure nutrietionally and poverty/wealth, concept his within deconstructs falls he economy totalizing a shortcomming of concept The decontrustion. Mitchell’s words, other In ??). 1998: (Mitchell into ‘economy’ divides he indeed involved, people of lives the then real less no is economy totalized a of ‘construct’ this that out point economy of corelation the put to continues and growth, and economy both of basises the demolishing in succeeds Mitchell though even that state to like would I Finally, Fixing the Economy 1998) tha borders geopolitical and barriers, customs the currency, the creating economy, the of borders spatial the neo the -

that is responsible for the real employment/une real the for responsible is that liberal

ocps nos b sc IGOs such by endorse concepts ” (ibid) (i (ibid) ” apa t sprt oe cnm fo te rest the from economy one separate to appear t nance’, ‘acountability’, advertise austerity, or any other of of other any or austerity, advertise ‘acountability’, nance’, - . talics my own). Although this too can be questioned due to due questioned be can too this Although own). my talics

into question, he does not further his analysis. He fails to fails He analysis. his further not does he question, into hell 1998: 92). Second, nation Second, 92). 1998: hell Fnly te nation the Finally, .

catagories of ‘real’ and ‘abstract’ and ‘real’ of catagories

mployment/underemployment,

the concept of state of concept the - states are responsible for for responsible are states e, h totalized the her, - tt establishes state is a self reifying self a is

(Mitchell,

This last This – within 43

CEU eTD Collection more then islands of urban centers and high population areas surrounded by a sea of of sea a by surrounded areas population high population. and centers urban of islands then more its of livilihoods which A, areas the within govern truly only can further authority this Furthermore, would that developments real any of incapable been has it authority, an as even sense, this In exists. state Palestinian a Initially arise. results different context, Palestinian the Within 4.2. taken first at be will illisionary as addressed Morgenstern that statistics very the sense, geo the reconstruct to try to goals and aims differing with organizations of variety a from data statistical the of some use will I section, this In Bank. West the in project’ building ‘state the in involved those by around paraded often so are which Palestine’ of ‘State the and Economy’ nation the and economy of deconstructions and abstractions these how ask to come might One 4.3 claim to be representitive economy any sortof orstate. of statistic publishes PCBS the place first the in wonder a is it existance, bounded 1992) (Hiltermann Palestinian the Rather, Econom Economy. Israeli the of that from Economy Palestinian the separate cannot they and currency, create cannot they Boycott), Settlement the with so do to attempting as seen be might it (though economy the of borders spatial can PA The control). not does PA the (which boarders and Wall, the with enclaved being to addition in settlements, and checkpoints C, and B areas .

Palestinian Context The Claim ofGrowth y - has tt ft n ih h priua siuto o te Plsiin Natio ‘Palestinian the of stituation particular the with in fit state operates

o ihu sail otniy geo continuity, spatial without So d

s n uiir fr h irei economy israeli the for auxiliary an as - oiia ad socio and political - cnmc iuto. n this In situation. economic

- oiia bres ad a and borders, political d uefcal, no superficially, nd nt

establish

ic 1967 since are nothing are s it can it s t heir nal 44

CEU eTD Collection As specific reasons. for specific ommit produced, are they way the and numbers, how show to order in done be will This represent. to claim aggrigates statistical these realities the of understanding further create to order in reading critical a for actors other stati from results coorelative and contradictory against contrasted then but value, face at can person a number, this at looking When 2013). (PCBS 10% 2007 years the through 2012), (PCBS 7% neo strict When gro GDP of statements yearly issue (MoFinance) Finance of Ministry the and (PCBS), Statistics of Bureau Central Palestinian The concepts like ‘growth’and ‘citizenship’. This point will be returned to at a later point. struct includes which existence, human )normal ‘normal as seen be can which illusion This Bank. West the of residents Palestinian the affects that how and illusio larger a create Bank West the to applied ‘economy’ like concepts how discuss will I section this In involved. actors the by reified and reproduced being steadily a to allude also they , Second first. out pointed be ‘national and ‘nation both of ‘illusions’ the for allow not do they words, other In reification. an constructs some overcome realities These enumeration. – n misrepresented and

will be shown throughout this work this throughout shown be will - economy’ to be reified into reality in the Palestinian scenario. This will This scenario. Palestinian the in reality into reified be to economy’ - liberalism began to be applied in 2007 the growth rate reached over reached rate growth the 2007 in applied be to began liberalism

-

- y oh oiia dsore n eooi ad humanitarian and economic and discourse political both by acy under occupation’ or the illusion that there can be a (semi a be can there that illusion the or occupation’ under acy – , there are certain realities that are represented are that realities certain are there , within the general frame of ‘statistics’ of frame general the within - 2012 it ranged anywhere between 7% and 7% between anywhere ranged it 2012 ures of governance and economy, and economy, and governance of ures n then those of ‘state’ and ‘economy’ and ‘state’ of those then n nother construct that has and still is still and has that construct nother t i te aetna Territories. Palestinian the in wth d nt lo fr their for allow not do d

be appalled, especially appalled, be

- results -

when state’ stical 45 -

CEU eTD Collection not control boarders, collect its own taxes, regulate trade, or control resources control or trade, regulate taxes, own its collect boarders, control not does PA the how as Seeing same. the is circulated cash of amount the while growth registe merely hence and sector formal the into dragged be to sector informal 2013) (Tartir from ranging reasons has growth of illusion 9.2% China and 4.7% Israel 3.0%, Germany 2.7%, Brazil years: same those between powers economic world of averages the at looking when World Bank stated in a report to the base low a from recovering (de wi driven, aid growth, “jobless was growth the stated UNCTAD unnoticed. go not did course of statistics economic questionable These questionable. Strip G and Bank West the of growth the for slot empty an has countries, worlds the of most to addition in countries, mentioned above the of growth the states that database Bank World same the that notice of worthy also is It growth. such attain to PA the Israel of Government the by done is that of all - nutilzto) non industrialization), Wrd ak 03 ) 2013 Bank (World 8 percent, respectively. Manufacturing grew by only 3 percent and remains remains and percent 3 only by grew Manufacturing respectively. percent, 8 and 22, 19, by quarter on quarter grew which trade, retail and wholesale and a Bank West the both in increase the of third a than more for account sectors government these added, are services education and health if and growth quarter on quarter largest the has defense and administration Public nd Gaza. Other growing sectors are construction, financial intermediation, financial construction, are sectors growing Other Gaza. nd

o h ices o frin aid foreign of increase the to - ” euaeie anti Jerusalemite, Ti las n t asm ta sc saitc are statistics such that assume to one leads This . (Tartir 2013) (Tartir

Ad HocLiaisonAd Committee:

(italics my own). In addition to that, the that, to addition In own). my (italics

increase in consumption due to loaning to due consumption in increase

Tre 2013) (Turner - -

or ad elcs n economy an reflects and poor, it surely must be an achievem an be must surely it h n rdd rdcie base productive eroded an th

(World Bank 2013 ) 2013 Bank (World t te ocn o the of forcing the to ,

- supported – in fact in ent of of ent . This . ring aza 46

CEU eTD Collection (pos change that changes, show to compared be to need economy Palestinian the of growth the represent to supposed are that numbers the For 1999 in point high its below well remains base’ ‘ line the stated report UNCTAD the more: bit a clarify To submitted to the AH stake the minutes meeting Committee Liaison Hoc Ad the in that noted, be also should yearly the accompany reports authority the sustain to year per 1.3Bn of average an needing while growth such of idea the at look to one allows information pre 1999 n still is economy Palestinian the that noted be should It - holders (of them the World Bank, which the above qu above the which Bank, World the them (of holders hl te ol Bn sae “ stated Bank World the while West Bank Gaza. Large increase has little effect on the overall economy. In economy. overall the on effect little has increase Large Gaza. Bank West WB&G (US$) prices constant at capita per GDP the so GDP of percent 1.5 doubled than more a hotels the in output though little Similarly, effect. has overall increase large this GDP, of percent 5 about only is agriculture that given but quarter, on quarter percent 20 than more by increased output 1 in point high its below well edn t icesd osmto, hc i diig rd, evcs and services, trade, construction driving is which consumption, increased to leading the sum, - eod niaa levels Intifada Second an ore f rwh per t b gvrmn sedn ta is that spending government be to appears growth of source main . LC) applauded performance the PA’s

(World Bank 2010) - demonstrating an increase in tourism in increase an demonstrating - ulse rprs y h PB ad oiac. It MoFinance. and PCBS the by reports published

Wrd ak 2010) Bank (World 999. Initial estimates suggest that agricultural that suggest estimates Initial 999. Manufact

ne ocpto a pasbe Yt o such no Yet plausible. as occupation under ”. These are two very important statements. important very two are These ”. rn ge b ol 3 ecn and percent 3 only by grew uring itive or negative) is what is what is negative) or itive . The last two pieces of of pieces two last The . ot back up to the 1998 and 1998 the to up back ot (Chair's Summery 2010) (Chair's ote was fro was ote recovering from a low a from recovering d etuat sector restaurants nd -

this sector is only is sector this m the report the m . 47

CEU eTD Collection more current year that during was the Second Intifada. Palestinian 1999. in was the it than as level lower a growth, at still is negative economy produced have to seen be would economy 1999 or 1998 be t of backdrop the is that it is year which Yet year. another of that to correlation their and statistics economic years current the of markers the taking by measured is It measured? growth is how words, other In growth. called growth with the previous year. 11 compared to the previous yearisthere nor astated baseyear. 2004 to set had but 2009, with compared was Index Price Consumer The 2009. and comp was Rate Poverty The 2010. of that to compared are 2011 Appendix in Eco Palestinian the of ‘Performance titled document, specific This referencegrowth year of for the list not do growth economic on PCBS the by offered releases press the of some Finally, ones. Arabic the also but available) are they (when reports language English s of health the check second to difficult it make which numbers, and no graphs only and discernable, is damaged writing actually are online available reports the of many Furthermore, metho and information of amount the and website, PCBS the to changes current the one, For difficulties. many been have there year, which out finding for search my in Yet

The 2012 Press release, unlike the 2011 edition in the Appendix lists compares o wih en dsrbtd ae idn ot uh nomto difficult. information such out finding make distributed being which of d . Yet both GDP Growth and the Growth of Economic Activities neither are neither Activities Economic of Growth the and Growth GDP both Yet

C 1 . – i.e. 11 Oe a ntc ta bt Uepomn ad al Wgs in Wages Daily and Unemployment both that notice can One .

the pre the c rsls Ti polm a fcd o js we checking when just not faced was problem This results. uch while doing so for otherwhile matters. doingfor so - Intifada years of peace of years Intifada

his measurement? It cannot logically cannot It measurement? his -

as if it were then the Palestinian the then were it if as

Hence the backdrop year is a is year backdrop the Hence

ared to the years 2010 years the to ared nomy’ can be seen be can nomy’ its base year 48

CEU eTD Collection nomto i nt pcaie, hr i a iprat ik ht hy hud become should they that risk important see an is we there specialized, not here is information Indeed economy. statistical of Israeli users the of and audience the the of part greatest the of “since Morgenstern’s auxiliary an is that economy a Rather, misinformed. WB the 9 of The addition In present. the to 1994 from shown, be will sectors agriculture and services the in developments the section this In effects. what to and how and why is section spending. and loaning government on based was growth the that stated Bank World the that saw we section previous year the of quarter every 20% at agriculture with 2008) (Sabri 67 Roughl Agriculture. and Services, Industry, categories; 2008 in PCBS, the to According 4.4 economic sectors. of correlation the on section following the in shown be will This involved? are actors ends, what To clearest? seen be this can Where WB? the of population Palestinian the on have claims and statistics such do affects What 2006) information” of accuracy the of illusion the of victims Srie etr wt te eann sae ta o Idsr ad Agriculture and Industry of that shares remaining the with Sector, Service % . % The Agriculture Sectorwhatthat and entails lack of clarification statement of any sorts, and rathe and sorts, any of statement clarification of lack . (Oxfam ; UNDP; 2012) UNDP; ; (Oxfam

According to PCBS growth statistics in 2 in statistics growth PCBS to According

leave those following the economic ‘development’ in ‘development’ economic the following those leave

n the division of the Palestinian economy w economy Palestinian the of division the

uhrt poue dsotn stati distorting produces authority Although what was not clarified in the previous the in clarified not was what Although

Wrd ak 2010) Bank (World 010, all three sectors had risen, had sectors three all 010, y the percentage of each was; each of percentage the y Jma n Mset 2005 Musteata and (Jemna n wa rsls ad what and results, what and r boasting economic growth economic boasting r tc aot an about stics .

e i the in Yet as into 3 into as 49 - .

CEU eTD Collection Tartir and Zurayk 2012) Zurayk and Tartir t of start the with which sector, agriculture the to apposed As 1994. in signed Accords Oslo the with advanced sector services the of thriving the that out point to important is it First which. of affects th and actors different of role the to fields mine include cases some in which Jordan) with border the or Line, Green the that (be are Borders the of majority vast the where area’s also are C Area above, the to addition In plains. J the areas; agricultural historical two includes Bank West the of 60% up makes Jerusalem, East calculating not when which, Bank, West the of majority vast the is it agricultural i residelandsthatmajorityof the fact the to due is This GoI. the of control complete the under is sector agriculture the perspective, simplified a In 4.5 explained in detail in the passages. following act the All control. Israeli under which of all infrastructure, PA at sectors some of prioritization and policy of result a is it implied usually are that connotations ‘civilization’ and patriarchal the (with one urban an to society rural a from country world third a of ‘development’ 2012) Zurayk and Tartir (Abdelnour, 13 was

.

GoI and AreaC and GoI and o te D i 19 ad eae es hn % f h GP n 2012 in GDP the of 5% then less became and 1994 in GDP the of % e ec poes otiue t 1% f h Plsiin GDP Palestinian the of 15% to contributed process peace he h Fnes I adto t availability to addition In Funders. the

. (B'Tselem 2011) (B'Tselem

. Hence when taken into consideratio into taken when Hence .

(OCHA 2010) (OCHA

i rls n udn, r h lc o i, n the and it, of lack the or funding, in roles eir Furthermore, there is the existence of the Wall, the of existence the is there Furthermore, Ti i nt cicdne nr s it is nor coincidence, a not is This .

ordan Valley, and the Marj Ibn Amer Ibn Marj the and Valley, ordan

That is 60% of the West Bank that Bank West the of 60% is That of of ad n wtr eore and resources water and land the expense of others by the by others of expense the n, the agriculture sector agriculture the n, r ivle wl be will involved ors

with that). Rather, that). with n Area C, and C, Area n

(Abdelnour, 50

CEU eTD Collection otold y h GI n mne b slir. h ‘em oe’ lo separate also Zones’ ‘Seam The soldiers. by manned and GoI the by controlled ) 2011 them of inside communities whole constitute sometimes and Zones’, ‘Seam lands the on not is Wall the Although checkpoints. by controlled are but them, connecting roads has is which of each South, and Middle, North, areas, distinct 3 into Bank West the up cuts which 13 the WB and are called ‘outposts’ which are unrecognized. 12 evacuatin and stopping of role GoIs the to response in are attacks tag price These communities. Palestinian on attacks tag’ ‘price owner their to unreachable 2011) lands such make and settlements of size the double are owned Palestinian are that settlements around lands the that claims Salfit of Governorate the of District the of lands the of 60% to up example, For Itzion. Gush and Adumim, Ma’ale Ariel, blocks; of population settler are There settlements. of topic the also is there stated, previously the of all to addition In year roundin order to prune, plow,water, fertilize, and attend to the trees. less much are trees from season harvest in issued not times most are which ICA, the from licenses permission with lands such reach to allowed only trees olives million 2 around from farmers Palestinian

Interview conducted with Munir Aboushi, Govornor of Salfit, 2007. Recognized as communities by the GoI, yet another 100 settlements exist in 3 recognized 133 lo gop o rdcl etes ae n h rcn yas ae t organizing to taken years recent the in have settlers radical of groups Also, (OCHA 2012) (OCHA

hc ae ny loe i ad u o tee omnte truh gates through communities these of out and in allowed only are which Green Line most of the time, and takes up vast areas of West Bank West of areas vast up takes and time, the of most Line Green 12

while the lands between the Green Line and the Wall are called are Wall the and Line Green the between lands the while

s vr 500,000. over tlmns n h Ws Bank West the in ettlements than they would be if the farmers were to be allowed to visit to allowed be to were farmers the if be would they than

BTee 2010) (B'Tselem (Oxfam 2010) (Oxfam g hilltop settlements hilltop g

BTee 2010) (B'Tselem

hl tee r 3 settlement 3 are there While and even when they are, yields are, they when even and

Ofm 2010) (Oxfam

(B'Tselem 2012) (B'Tselem Gush Itzion has taken has Itzion Gush 13 . While B’Tselem While . wih ae a have which , Farmers . s .

(B'Tselem (OCHA (OCHA .

The are 51 -

CEU eTD Collection Palestinian demolitions the are there addition, In valley isplanned development for bythe ICA (partic lands university a case one in even and schools, mosques, of graffiti and vandalism of form the take attacks for need the which of ignored, or delayed repeatedly been have community farming MoAgricultur on spent is 85% Agricult on GDP the of 1% the less invests PA The misguided. that actions sees one PA, the of terms in While 4.6 discriminatory Israeli policy shor London of that then higher is Bank West the in rainfall yearly average of amount the that showing report a published Areej recently scarcity, wou to sale its and water of extraction for responsible is GoI the Agreement, Oslo the to according As worse. even is situation the Water, of terms In policies 2013) denied. were ) 2012 Demolitions House Against . ld traditionally assume that the Middle East is not a place where water is not a not is water where place a not is East Middle the that assume traditionally ld ae i te et ak s o de o criy f h rsuc, u rather but resource, the of scarcity to due not is bank west the in tages PA

tutrs ee eoihd n ra C area in demolished were structures ularly in harvest season) harvest in ularly

(Hass,

.

In addition to assaults on both Palestinian farmers and their farm farm their and farmers Palestinian both on assaults to addition In

Development agencies slam EU's inaction over Israel's Area C Area Israel's over inaction EU's slam agencies Development .

epoe wages. employee e While . (Oxfam 2010) (Oxfam that 4 o Plsiin housing Palestinian of 94% (B'Tselem 2011) cu frequently occur

n Jerusalem and . Finally, less the 1% of the Jordan the of 1% the less Finally, .

Tri 2013) (Tartir – t best at .

Hence the problem of water of problem the Hence - Palestinians.

a b itrrtd as interpreted be can I 2011 In . ure and of that 1%, that of and ure

Irei Committee (Israeli h nes f the of needs The

permits for for permits While one While alone

622 52

CEU eTD Collection salsmns r sal enterprises small are establishments to fail comments astute investment’ sector private of lack ‘a to due is this of Some still hasmuch lower production then its 1994levels. it sector, Agriculture the in growth claims PA the though even And deliver. to yet has agricultural locus that came from Egypt. of millions of US Dollars worth due to a snowstorm and an attack of 15 the to come agencies 14 or government When Completely. C. Area up given has “ Hou Against Committee Israeli the of Halper Jeff to according Yet attitude. its in misguided and incapable is PA the framework, this within Technically, Banks population which istechnically under siege bythe occupation. ens toneed theratherthen profit capitalist on logicof based is which agriculture, through C Areas of come can then money much how measuring more little been has view PA’s the Indeed populations. rural of hoods lively eluding PA the then more little investment sector pests) and dieses of absence the and soils of health climates, mild fall, rain (like attributes environmental on based are results returns equals results calculable and returns high have to need in invested sectors the where neo capitalist on based is growth’ sector ‘private of statement mere amounts significant any invest effectively cannot size what the European Counsel General said in its report is that the Palestinian Authority Palestinian the that is report its in said General Counsel European the what

Attained in field Since the start of 2013 alone, the agriculture sector has already lost hundreds - insurance -

that - work for Optimum. s ee gaate i a sector a in guaranteed never is 14

which the PA has continu has PA the which

ae no osdrto ta 91 that consideration into take

Sbi 2008) (Sabri

15 . And makes the statements about private about statements the makes And . ally promised yearly since 1994 but 1994 since yearly promised ally .

its responsibility of improving the improving of responsibility its ec piae etr n t small its in sector private Hence

ure food sovereignty of the Westthe sovereigntyof food ure ie giutr a mc o its of much as agriculture like in the agricultural sector. agricultural the in o Plsiin economic Palestinian of % (>>>>>>>>>). -

liberal ideology liberal e Demolitions se

swarms of

Yet – which

such T 53 he

CEU eTD Collection road segregation of the West Bank West the of segregation road enhance to worked it when even projects’, ‘infrastructure financing in involved been Ja The funding. of forms their in particular are Bank World & IMF the and States, Gulf the Japan, EU, US, the mainly are which Donors, 4.7 Area not B.Do invest in Area given C.They've upC”. an A Area in only invest them tell PA the investments, for Authority Palestinian USAID in the West Bank. 16 requirements funders. of the by controlled organizations such leaves technically This aims. project and groups, target specifications, funder’s to adhere to have field specific this in NGOs most that 2012) Zurayk and Tartir funders foreign by financed stance their and by funded are they who of both variety, a sees one NGOs, of terms in While projects agricultural on is WB the in spend they re we funders, the at looking When between 2001 3 around th by funded are others and EUROCOPS the like funded European are Forces Security (the bureaucracy PA’s the with tied are

See ‘USAID funds Apartheid Roads’, which are 15% of the roads paved by . Donors and NGOs and Donors . e effec Yet s. 0

million Euro’s worth of projects have been destroyed by the GoI from from GoI the by destroyed been have projects of worth Euro’s million - 2009 iey we loig t funding: at looking when tively, (see

. Appendix C.1.

Hence when looking the underlying power struct power underlying the looking when Hence

and

94% of water NGOs are foreign funded funded foreign are NGOs water of 94% 16 alize that less then 1% of development aid yearly aid development of 1% then less that alize . The Europeans have been active in projects that projects in active been have Europeans The . ).

(Abdelnour, Tartir and Zurayk 2012) Zurayk and Tartir (Abdelnour,

80

(Barakat 2012) aee n UAD ae long have USAID and panese o % f agricultural NGOs NGOs agricultural f mixed, some of which is which of some mixed, e US). Although, US). e

(Abdelnour, ure, we see we ure, are 54 d .

CEU eTD Collection livelihoods a coloni of improve help to mission their in fail and quo status the endure or closure, risk and occupation the oppose that stances advocating actively either of position the in NGOs occup the critique to abilities their constrains which de this Bank, by stated in operating NGOs of problem the Although, Ministries the and PCBS the bureaucracy PA’s the of work the and growth of claims their Through Territories. Palestinian the in concept totalizing a as economy of reification the for responsible chapt this of conclusion In 4.8 marginal. or minimal if even exist, does resistance that show to was intent the Rather taken. be will look closer no but inspiring, been has power of institutes the of critic their hand, y organization, society civil such within resistance of space a is there Here visions. Funders and PA the to different completely views advocate actively and organizations Other funding. foreign no or little with work associations or organizations, Other best. see they how projects implement and want, donors what funding exactly the to stick within not do operate Some paradigms. NGOs all not that out point to crucial also is it Here . Conclusion Wildeman

- facto means they have to be allowed into the West Bank by the GoI, GoI, the by Bank West the into allowed be to have they means facto

NGOs have to also ensure they are capable of entering the West the entering of capable are they ensure also to have NGOs zed population. - r svrl hns eoe paet Frt te A is PA the First, apparent. become things several er,

the PA the

creates and reifies this concept. Which, by way by Which, concept. this reifies and creates

that are not seen as NGOs, but mor but NGOs, as seen not are

the WB isn’t just that of funding. As As funding. of that just isn’t WB the ation

(Wildeman 2012) (Wildeman et for the topic at topic the for et

e of unions of e and places and still work work 55 –

CEU eTD Collection base line the year the line base their as take 1) we: if true only are growth economic of PA the of claims the Second as u do surrounded byarea C. unified to a impossible not is is Bank itself, West of the and geographically in this, But explains. Mitchell as much oPT the within Economy’ ‘Palestinian the bound to attempt an is practice their of in controls border and checkpoints its greatly lessened also time that at Israel prosper. economicall can people where Palestine in situation a creating of capable institute only the the is PA the show and mistake, a was to Hamas of election attempt their that voters political Palestinian a was it As growth. such to claim PAs the of time sp the of context the into it put you when revealing particularly becomes quote that society our of realities a representation numeric statistical Indeed vision. specific a give and progress, made having as seen be to wanted they that shows also PA the by distinction this making not of nature The 2006) information of accuracy the of illusion the of victims become should they that risk important an is there specialized, not is information statistical of users the of and audience the of latest part greatest the the “since Morgenstern: from recover to yet Palestinian has the and economy growth negative is there that see we 1999 and 1998 of years pre the to compared when Yet checkpoints. and arrests, sieges, incursions, of presence large a with Intifada

ffects s

of of

2001

oit a “ as society -

2004. Where 2004. statistics appears to disclose” to appears statistics

the Israeli Army operating in the West Bank with Bank West the in operating Army Israeli the u iae o pltcl ie r sae b the by shaped are life political of images our 2001 - 2004 were 2004

ofit I sm truh using through sum, In conflict. nit, rather enclaves of area A A area of enclaves rather nit, ” Jma n Mset 2005 Musteata and (Jemna

at the height of the Second the of height the at (N. Rose 1991) Rose (N. . This last This . - Intifada ecific ecific 56 y -

CEU eTD Collection growth of the economy was not expected if the funding did not c not did funding the if expected not was economy the of growth continued the and assistance donor increased on based is growth this of much reports, Bank World the and UNTCAD by shown as and permanent, way no is growth the Yet motivated ‘growth’. 2007 from WB the in happening been has what say can you sense, this In PA. the to aid their increased donors and happen to this allow to Bank West the de increasing Donor of lack the and NGO ad in C, areas towards PA the of negligence the that add also can we above, the to addition In from bourgeo the ‘ this shown has sector, agriculture the of ignoring The sector. services the on mainly th at looking also When thissector case shows well. that to funding donor of lack the and sector agriculture the of financing and attention MoAgriculture of lack the C, areas secede to willingness PA’s the of claim Halpers if Even C. areas in residing populations rural the of discriminatory clearly as it see we schemes, development Donors and PA the of framework general the into deeper looking when and hollow, was ‘growth’ the Indeed out). this pointed growth ‘post’ dition to Israeli restrictions and lack of development there, and the coopti the and there, development of lack and restrictions Israeli to dition ’

to be urban. It also leads us to a classical third world class observation; that observation; class world third classical a to us leads also It urban. be to - isie of the post the of isie colony - development. ) invest in trade rather than production

e results, one s one results, e - colonia

Ry 1995) (Roy

rjcs n h ae lae ra C n constant in C areas leave area the in projects l

nation (although the Palestinian Territories are far far are Territories Palestinian the (although nation ees that the so the that ees

hs n un il ed o h continued the to lead will turn in This - called growth has been based been has growth called . (F. Fanon1968) (F. ontinue (both reports (both ontinue - 2012 is polit is 2012 e o o take not do we

ically on of of on

and 57

CEU eTD Collection together? How does that effect the population and to what results? In the following following the In results? what to and population the effect that does How together? hardship’ of chain endless an into life diffic economic both when happens What economic. only not are C Area in situation living the in difficulties the Finally, creatingof a livelihood the these residents for areas. of it of deterioration chain hardships’iseffectively created of and maintained. ‘transformatio the how see will we chapter s infrastructure and productive capabilities, in addition to difficulties to addition in capabilities, productive and infrastructure s ulty and the ‘ the and ulty ht bu Jwa sek o ae coupled are of speaks Jawwad Abdul that n of Palestinian daily life into an endless an into life daily Palestinian of n transformation of Palestinian daily Palestinian of transformation

58

CEU eTD Collection socio economic context the colonial of situation the Palestinian of West Bank. statistics such what analyze to on move will I statistics. of production their in OCHA and PCBS the both produce (areas) geographies analyzed. be will Bank West the of population the represent to used are numbers how Chapter, this In divisions of the West Bank. 17 later the Although occupation. the from there operate to teams their of difficulties PCBS the of many statistics although District, Jerusalem the is districts 11 the Of Bank. West the in are 11 them of follows, PCBS the which divisions administrative PA’s the it and Al and Ramallah of city the acceptances, are there (although camps refugee and villages used is lines locality along divided is Bank West the of categorization PCBS The is Jerusalem added asa third region, and at other times added into calculations with the WB. Sometimes Strip. Gaza the and Bank West the usually are statistics thei in regions The Palestine. in regions of categorization specific a has PCBS The 5.1

The PCBS does have ‘Area Statistics’, but they are not based on the A, B, C - . Bireh is a twin city and in Jerusalem there is only the claim on the East of the city the of East the on claim the only is there Jerusalem in and city twin a is Bireh PCBS Categorizations s surrounding towns and villages). There are 16 districts in the oPT according to according oPT the in districts 16 are There villages). and towns surrounding s

o pcf a itit ht s opsd f mjr iy n te surrounding the and city major a of composed is that district a specify to

mark that East Jerusalem (as a city) was left out of the calculation due to due calculation the of out left was city) a (as Jerusalem East that mark ute t ti i wl b s be will it this to Further - Chapter 5: r lc thereof lack a or

differing statistics differing

Humanitarian Statistics -

ersn wt te pcfc geo specific the with represent . Initially, I will point out the roles of of roles the out point will I Initially, . on o te s o categorized of use the how hown

- oiia and political 17 . Locality .

59 r

CEU eTD Collection Oslo Accords, the divisions of Areas A, B, and C. Although an attempt can be made be can attempt an Although C. and B, A, Areas of divisions the Accords, Oslo i aside set divisions administrative the to according work not does PA the Yet Camp. Refugee and Rural, Urban, categories, 3 into demographics house marks also PCBS The implications. categorical has localities along territories of division The the cal of out left are towns and villages districts’ Jerusalem the that mean not does comment consumption. water in clearly seen is This people. locality the of lives the of represent properly use people’s and Bank, West the in continuity impressi false the gives statistics in divisions C and B A, the using Not occupation and its control the areas of under its ‘jurisdiction’. the legitimize would division C and B, A, of basis the around statistics work to wing; o predicament the see we Here C. Area over control Israeli of legitimization as seen be would it politically importantly; more much but localities its of results the blur would it statistics in divisions C, B, A, the use to were PCBS politica has Bank West the in life Palestinian of aspect every govern do technically that lines Administrative the of instead localities of use This B,orC. A, Area isn’t or is what statistics PCBS the from discern to difficult very is it Hence C. another and A road a of side one make can Wall the and settlements to proximity in cities all of limits the and categories, area 3 the of any as designated even not is itself CityJerusalem Hebron. incertain neighborhoods as such C, areathemselvesare citie of parts Some accurate. completely not is this A, are areas urban the of most and rural, also is C Area of most as categories demographics housing the at look to culations.

f the PA and its statistical its and PA the f

- ttsis ht o not do that statistics ipiain. f the If implications. l on of territorial of on n the n

B or B 60 s

CEU eTD Collection Locality of Jericho and the Jordan Valley is one of the only 2 Palestinian 2 only the of one is Valley Jordan the and Jericho of Locality the of vulnerable most the though even example, For communities. the and villages small in live that population out cuts also effect in This averages. locality gives the at looking when Yet different). is it Mekerot Israeli from water buy who villages those Authority, Undertaking Water Jerusalem the and PWA the from water receiving of case the is (this city the surrounding villages the then higher much cit in people by received water of amount the and infrastructure Water still very much in practice today. is it and intact, system C B, A, the left this Technically 1999. in negotiations II David the to over handed interim an gradually be would WBGS the of parts and as established be would PA the where period Process Oslo the of part was it Rather, division. permanent a be to I Musteata 2005 diversity reduces it other the on processing, and observing for process statistical the refines hand one the on standardization the Where o procedures. process standardization the is aspect gathering information the non are OCHA of that like 1 one is which water, of capita per 20mcl as little as receive C) Area in reside (which locality the in communities the of some that shown shortages water have not did that WB the t should be should t 00mlt per capita, and one and capita, per 00mlt noted that the division of the WB into areas A, B, and C was not intended not was C and B, A, areas into WB the of division the that noted - 2006)

A Ti o cus sopd ih h bekon f h Camp the of breakdown the with stopped course of This PA.

- - fourth of the average for the WB the for average the of fourth existent to the PCBS. Hence, one sees that of the flaws in flaws the of that sees one Hence, PCBS. the to existent

– u t a drought a to due - fifth of the WHO minimum of of minimum WHO the of fifth

(OCHA 2012 ) 2012 (OCHA saitcl knowledge statistical f -

n 09 CA has OCHA 2009 in ies are usually are ies Jma and (Jemna statistics, it statistics, districts in districts . Statistics 61

CEU eTD Collection hs evs n t qeto hw h P, s n nttt o pwr ht produces that power representation’? numeric on of based decisions take and ‘govern can institute statistics, an as PA, the how question to one leaves This WB). the of 60% is C area as marginal way not in is (which areas ‘marginalized’ Palestinia the with effectively more work to PA the enable would This statistics. area and statistics locality of representative somewhat) least (at be can that production numeration statistical accommodates that way a find then rather today the in statistics its keep to been has PA the of shortcoming the Yet territorial a are disclose to appear Pales assume to if as divisions, area the without WB, the in continuity they statistics the that assume we if Hence t state the to connected are that centers having by centrality, constitute also Statistics disclose? to appear statistics their that society of realities the by life political of images Palestinian inst an as PCBS, that society disclose” our of realities the by shaped are life political on above the to addition In C. area in living those support to programs of case the is as actions and judgments of lack m technical automatic as act to statistics such de as seen be can it politicizing Indeed nature. in political quite also is shortcoming This enumerative practices” of but experience of not products are up, made is universe this which of categories the 1991)

This fits very much with the claim that “the statistical universe […] as well as well as […] universe statistical “the that claim the with much very fits This

N Rs 1991) Rose (N. – hat are centralized for the production of this information this of production the for centralized are hat or to use a term used by a BZU lecturer BZU a by used term a use to or

“ redraw the boundaries between politics and obje and politics between boundaries the redraw tt o kolde rdcin shape production, knowledge of itute (Asad 1994) (Asad de ti ma te A s n nttt o pwr ad the and power, of institute an as PA the mean this does , echanisms for making judgments” making for echanisms .

e ut s hrhmef ht f “ if that her/himself ask must -

‘political de ‘political – r tep t shape to attempt or

ctivity by purporting by ctivity ttsis per to appears statistics (N. Rose 1991) Rose (N. - politicization’. As As politicization’. s iig n the in living ns (N. Rose 1991) Rose (N. tinians were not were tinians manor they are they manor our images of of images our (N. Rose (N. , or a or , 62 - - .

CEU eTD Collection complex emergencies. In 1998 the Department of Humanitarian Affairs (DHS) was was (DHS) Affairs Humanitarian of Department the 1998 In emergencies. complex and disasters natural to response UN strengthen to 1991 in established was Affairs, Humanitarian of Coordination of Office Nations United the for stands which OCHA, 5.2 culture” that show does it is, it ‘white constitute not this Does occupation? under Appendix ar on statistics systematic gathering started OCHA borders. and settlements, extent an to checkpoints, attacks, and violence monitoring to addition in housing, and water, schools, to access as such information on concentrate humanita of context the within data gathers OCHA mission statement isto:OCHA's which each actor ca within framework a is there ensures also OCHA emergencies. to response coherent a ensure to actors humanitarian together bringing for responsible Secretariat Nations reorganized • • • •

. OCHA Statistics Facilitate sustainable solutions.” Promote preparedness and prevention. Advocate in disasters and emergencies.suffering a to order in in actors international action and national humanitarian with partnership principled and effective coordinate and “Mobilize (N. Rose1991) (N. B.2. into OCHA. According to their website, their to According OCHA. into

the people rights of in need. from from n contribute to the overall responseeffort”. the Economy

.

“ ubr hv a umsaal pow unmistakable an have Numbers

chapter B,and AreasA, C. map of for

(OCHA n.d.) (OCHA

- washing’ the occupation? Whatever occupation? the washing’

ea C in 2008 in C ea “OCHA is the is “OCHA in nomto. s uh they such, As information. rian

(OCHA n.d.) (OCHA r n oen political modern in er (OCHA 2012 ) 2012 (OCHA

part of the United the of part lvae human lleviate

. See . 63

CEU eTD Collection Palestinian construction is effectively prohibited in some 70 percent of Area C. In the In C. Area of percent 70 some in prohibited effectively is construction Palestinian Is for allocated territory of consequence “ construction housing of terms In exist. difficulties many the reasons main the of are security, and access, facilities medical infrastructure, water, housing, necessities; Th difficulties. many faces population that and 150,000 of population Palestinian estimated an has C Area OCHA, to According waterIn terms accessibility, of notes facts; some powerful OCHA settler harassment, creates a high dropout rate. high to lead that communities cold”. and heat the from protection minimal with shacks, tin or caravans tents, in accommodated year school st 10,000 Nearly (Hebron). Dkeika in demolished was school a of part 2011, in orders: work stop active have schools 15 and orders demolition pending have currently C Area in schools “sixteen Although ‘schools’. are there education, of terms In remaining 30percent, other restrictions.” et ak r acsig r consumi or accessing are Bank West water the other in communities and 492 in wells people million existing one Approximately upgrading infrastructure. as well as cisterns and wells cont retains Israel where Bank, West the affects also availability water ‘Limited rol of all underground and surface water resources, the construction of new of construction the resources, water surface and underground all of rol

OH 21 ) 2012 (OCHA

transportation costs, and Israeli army ‘obstacles’ and ‘obstacles’ army Israeli and costs, transportation urnl 5,0 suet i aes , n 183 and C, areas in students 50,000 currently (OCHA 2012) (OCHA al stlmns r o te sal military, Israeli the for or settlements raeli

In addition to distances of schools from from schools of distances to addition In g 0 irs f ae pr aia e day per capita per water of litres 60 ng

Irei etitos n ai life basic on restrictions Israeli e udents in Area C began the 2011/12 the began C Area in udents

As a As 64

CEU eTD Collection It continues: the of percent 27 2011, In access. and movement restricted and unemployment mo the For insecurity. “ security, food of terms in While ‘the Dead Sea settlements of Mitzpe Shalen and Qalya consume approximately consume Qalya and Shalen Mitzpe of settlements Sea Dead ‘the enormous costsrelated to water purchase.’ in Organization translates which network, water a Health to connected not are communities 113 World from the people 313,000 estimated an addition, below In l/c/d. 100 of recommendation significantly less, or (l/c/d) flowing to theflowing Palestinian villages.’ the making settlements, within placed usually are points diversion The volume. lesser with albeit settlements, Israeli for points water from off siphoned usually is it piped water, have Palestinians when addition, In use. own their for wells efficient and deeper drill to continuing simultaneously whilst quantities, sufficient provide to sources water their protecting or upgrading installing, for permits Palestinians deny authorities Israeli the as degraded generally are Palestinians th springs and wells those Moreover, communities. Palestinian and settlements Israeli between resources water of allocation discriminatory a of al result the is This respectively. l/c/d 22 and 24 with levels of crisis humanitarian villages the and l/c/d 66 only al of village Palestinian neighbouring the while 700l/c/d,

vleal t stlr dsoncig r htig on h water the down shutting or disconnecting settlers to vulnerable m t at ti i cue b ls o sucs f livelihoods, of sources of loss by caused is this part, st Large population groups in the oPt suffer from food food from suffer oPt the in groups population Large (OCHA 2012 ) (OCHA -

ue’a n al and Nuwei’ma

- iti hs ces to access has Jiftlik - at are available to available are at aiia r at are Hadidiya more 65 to

CEU eTD Collection eea hnrd aetna mn wmn n cide ae ocby ipae a a as displaced forcibly are children and women men, Palestinian hundred several (o territory Palestinian occupied the in Palestinians many to threat a remains displacement forced and dispossession by characterized been has conflict “ states OCHA security residential of terms in Furthermore, insecurity food was oPt the of population displacement becomes clear with the statement: following and income, reduced resources. and services to access Barrier), restricted the (including restrictions movement violence, settler including factors, of combination a to due is C Area in displacement cases, many In construction. Palestinian of expense the at a expansion a settlement these prioritize as in displacement, regime planning for and trigger zoning restrictive direct the the of consequence are permits building of lack to due ” to addition In C”. Area in communities herding a of presence the undermine expansion. especially policies These and construction settlement unlawful prioritize which policies Israeli off are resources water becaus is displacement such behind reason The authorities.” Israeli the by enforced practices and policies of result structures demolished were located in areas allocated to settlements. Thousands settlements. to allocated areas in located were demolished structures the of percent 60 Over infrastructure. service no or little have and shelters), vulnerable already in an farming occurred 2011 in displacement of percent 90 ‘Over ” (OCHA 2012) (OCHA d herding communities, who live in very basic structures (tents, tin (tents, structures basic very in live who communities, herding d - limits for Palestinian natural growth and development due to due development and growth natural Palestinian for limits .

- insecure, in addition to 14 percent vulnerable to food food to vulnerable percent 14 to addition in insecure,

(OCHA 2012 ) 2012 (OCHA e “Much of the West Bank’s land and land Bank’s West the of “Much e

In Area C […] home demolitions home […] C Area In lready vulnerable farming and farming vulnerable lready

. Finally the scope of such of scope the Finally . h Palestinian The t. vr year, Every Pt). OH 21 ) 2012 (OCHA es which reas - Israeli 66

CEU eTD Collection I the populatiof Area reality OCHA’s stark the out pointing areas. by are statistics PCBS’ those the flawed how shows of statistics population the of representative be to fail hence i take not do statistics Locality PCBS’ the As methodology. their to due populations the of representative be to fail statistics PCBS the how see also we above, the to addition In 30 years. mech more but then, employed mechanisms the of many with present still only not 80’s the in form another in saw Jawwad Abdul that hardship” of chain endless an life Palestinian “rendering instan for requirements, life basic accessing of residents Palestinian the by faced difficulties the see We C. areas in residing people the on regime’ restriction ‘movement recent more of mechanisms bureaucratic facilities, basic occupation, of control e.g. occupation 1967 the followed that policies The thesis. the of part this of introduction the in mentioned cnlso, e e seii pten apa a a eut f eea variables several of result a as appear patterns specific see we conclusion, n ope, h ae oig o ra A n B n re t me ter housing their meet needs’. to order in B and A Areas to moving are who couples, young affecting disproportionately is permits construction obtain to inability disp of risk at remain more t cnieain h Ae Dvsos u it pae n h Ol Acrs and Accords Oslo the in place into put Divisions Area the consideration nto

e fo, ae, osn, n scrt. ned w vr mc se the see much very we Indeed, security. and housing, water, food, ce;

in addition to the Oslo Accords division of areas A, B, and C, and the and C, and B, A, areas of division Accords Oslo the to addition in (OCHA 2012) (OCHA ons of those residents. of ons anisms of control have been developed and deployed over the last the over deployed and developed been have control of anisms

lacement due to outstanding demolition orders. The orders. demolition outstanding to due lacement

67

CEU eTD Collection coue regime’ ‘closure ref apolitical as display its and area the of fragmentation the of condoning silent or assistance their by substantiated is This flawless. not also is Palestine, in active organization other many alike Yet, division. Areas the on comprehen produces organization other any that knowledge my to not is it indeed and value, face at taken was OCHA by stated was what being time the is What the of focus the be chapter.following will and OCHA by mentioned not is what is which greatly, enumeration affect also situation political and space, time, of matters above, the to ‘political’ less prefer to seems agency UN this Wall, term the used Justice of Court International the though even Wall, the about talk to ‘Barrier’ not

so obvious are other factors that are not stated by OCHA. Although for for Although OCHA. by stated not are that factors other are obvious so

Tre: 03. t a as b add ht CA ss h term the uses OCHA that added be also can It 2013). (Turner:

erring to the occupation as a as occupation the to erring

descriptions. In addition In descriptions. sive statistics sive

OCH based 68 A

CEU eTD Collection What is meant is that OCHA fails to point out how capable or willing the GoI is to is GoI the willing or capable how out point to fails OCHA that is meant is What practices. and capabilities Israeli the of some of aspects teleological the lack they in relations power structural the of much put do reports OCHA Although unproblematic. not are statistics these Yet discussed. were Statistics Area OCHA’s in represented were that populations the by faced difficulties the section, previous the In Pales the of starkness the consideration into take to neglect power of institutes by produced numbers the how show will I history Palestinian of decade last the from examples Using combined. when represents enumeration and operates power comprehens a show to used be will chapters earlier the in produced Material thesis. this of part second the of culmination the be will chapter This from. suffer C Area in living people difficulties the showing not while districts with unity of The results. specific to leads fals the off gave statistics Locality the how showed chapter Humanitarian others neglecting and sectors certain advancing of role the While situation. the of reality the represent properly not does that economy t of vision certain a created growth of claims the how showed chapter Economy The WB. the in operating actors differing of abilities and roles the out point to order in shown were context their and power of systems the introduction, the In practices. power of positions that knowledge my to not is it as insensitive, is context political the out point to fails who OCHA merely is it that claim thirsty and hungry, powerless, WB the in population Palestinian the render

Chapter 6: -

xlcty ons u te ups o Irei capabilities Israeli of purpose the out points explicitly

Numbers within their Political any

raiain r body or organization Context – r ahr hs in those rather or ive picture of how how of picture ive he Palestinian he iin reality. tinian e impression e perspective,

Yt to Yet . and 69

CEU eTD Collection Abbas as Palestinian President on the 9 the on President Palestinian as Abbas Mahmoud of election the was result The WBGS. the in held were elections 2004, Novemberin Arafat presidentYassir PA Chairmanand PLO deathof the after Shortly 6.1.1. power and to what result will be questioned. of positions in those by population the upon enforced is reality this how Additionally; 2007) (Kessler government transition his and Abbas financially, and politically percent, 100 support state his start to enabled was he assistance donor increased with and government a form to day this to continues al conflict internal The assigned WorldAbbas former Bank representative Salam Fayyad asPrime Minister. politics, Palestinian in split internal this With control. PA/Fateh under WB the and attack preemptive was attack large a launched Hamas 2007 In GS. the and WB the both in militants had Hamas and Clashes Fateh between long. continued last not did it 2007, February in the Arabia by Saudi of role Government intermediary an via established, was Government Unity a Although imposed onthe WBGS. a labeled is which Hamas, of victory The 2006. of January in Council Legislative Palestinian - ulig rgas A th At programs. building 2006 embargo s a terrorist organization by the US, EU, and Israel, led to an embargo to be to embargo an to led Israel, and EU, US, the by organization terrorist a s

ecie b Fth s cu d’etat coup a as Fateh by described . e hr wa i wrh o ntn i hw h sses f power of systems the how is noting of worthy is what here Yet to stop a Fateh coup. The attack left the GS under Hamas control, Hamas under GS the left attack The coup. Fateh a stop to –

in constantly changing degrees changing constantly in oe fr h ebro o e itd rm h W, hl it while WB, the from lifted be to embargo the for lowed

- tm ad U fiil ttd “ stated official EU and time e cl atc o P fclte i te aa ti. The Strip. Gaza the in facilities PA on attack scale th

of January 2005 and a Hamas majority in the in majority Hamas a and 2005 January of

wie aa camd t a a was it claimed Hamas while , -

in the GS. PM Fayyad went on went Fayyad PM GS. the in h sga i ta we that is signal The

June 70

”

CEU eTD Collection that, the GoI stopped reallocating the collected tax revenues, while banks operating in operating banks while revenues, tax collected the reallocating stopped GoI the that, ho to addition In of Hamas. to going money problem the without institutes the government Palestinian faced funders victory, electoral Hamas the With ouranalysis.be usedfor will period time this of information Statistical 2007). (June WB the on embargo the of operated 18 addition to the above, the we see year for 2006: In stark. more even as seen be can UNRWA by marked increase poverty deep 72% increases large seen already had which intifada, 2006) (UNRWA 2006” of half first the to 2005 of half second the from 72.08% increase to households Pov Deep “the report; UNRWA an by WBGS stated As the in deteriorated. quickly Palestinians of livelihoods the place, in firmly embargo the With WBGS. Act Patriot the to due into abroad from transactions financial refused territories Palestinian the

A Bush er dy nal duld n 06 o vr mlin acrig o h United the to N according million, 1 over to 2006 in doubled nearly day, a peop of number en have not do Palestinians of cent per “46

ations Relief and WorksAgency” in the time between Hamas’ electoral victory (January 2006) and the lifting the and 2006) (January victory electoral Hamas’ between time the in a doctrine that defines what constitutes terrorism . Considering that the year 2005 marked the 5 the marked 2005 year the that Considering .

18 le in deep poverty, defined as those living on less than 50 cents 50 than less livingon those as definedpoverty, deepin le . The results were disastrous for the Palestinian people in the in people Palestinian the for disastrous were results The .

(Oxfam 2007) (Oxfam

in the poverty levels since 2000, the 2000, since levels poverty the in ough food to meet their needs. their meet to food ough .

th

year of the second the of year

the territories the erty rate of of rate erty w to fund fund to w

The 71

CEU eTD Collection bi 29 November On 6.1.2. notwas resolved completely until the embargo lifted. was issue wage Theemployees.public of sectionsmany laterinvolved and teachersstrikes addition in place, took protests Several million. before the start of that fiscal year, and that t stopped, although there were claims that there was a silent freeze of funds even 19 and context, political specific a to directly tied are WB the in situation economic and humanitarian the both that showed that events are examples given above three The 6.2. 2013) g Palestinian the crisis put financial created the that claimed Fayyad Minister Prime Palestinian Then wages. a demonstrations mass to led has that crisis financial a was result region the to visit 2013 o 2012) company’ electricity Israeli for debt of ‘payment was freeze reallocation The USD. Million $100 of allocations tax the cuts GoI ‘non Palestinian Cnrsinl i ad h tx eloain ee eund ih bms March Obamas with returned were reallocation tax the and Aid Congressional f

d in the UN General Assembly. The bid The Assembly. General UN the in d The $200 Million is the number stated as the official Congressional Aid Power Willingness and . Indeed this isa clear example the po of $200 froze also congress US . State

- hood Bid hood - member observer state’, and 41 states abstained. At that point, the point, that At abstained. states 41 and state’, observer member th

2012 Palestinian President Palestinian 2012

(Hass and Haaretz , Defense and Diplomacy 2013) Diplomacy and Defense , Haaretz and (Hass

vrmn i “xrm jeopardy” “extreme in overnment 19

Million USD Million

o tie. h pbi sco satd with started sector public The strikes. to was successful with 138 member states for for states member 138 with successful was litical economy aid in of Palestine. he amounts were closer to $450

Mahmoud Abbas made his state his made Abbas Mahmoud

of aid of official reason cited for the for cited reason official

(Haaretz 2011) (Haaretz nd public outcry for for outcry public nd

(Associated Press Press (Associated .

The freeze The (Aljazeera . Yet the Yet . - hood

72

CEU eTD Collection ht rpeet h raiy. e pt no h cnet ht h lf stain f the of situation life the that context the into put Yet reality’. the ‘represent that the in because accurate, somewhat are a Taken correct. partially only statistics most leaves also system dependency the reproduction, its to addition In the the Accordsboth signing Oslo perpetuates of and reproduces itself. polit specific a to data the Using society. Palestinian affect they how show to whole comprehensive a as at looked be will power of mechanisms and policies of effects the part this In 6.3. are they if even issues, humanitarian politically induced humanitarian issues. on work to claim that organizations by least at out, pointed potently more be should GoI the and funders both by necessary m that Seeing whole. a as is population Palestinian the vulnerable how out point to fail they that is lack, specific in production knowledge and power of institutes by reports and general, in statistics what Hence, they only not is it that fact the to Add control. of mechanisms to due time of amount short a such in t clear made explicitly redundant. becoming of dangers the into fall statistics where is fact last This changes. quick very of capable reality their leaves in people Palestinian Res have been ults ofPolicies possible

used ical direction. Hence the ‘dependency system’ that was created with created was that system’ ‘dependency the Hence direction. ical

that such mechanisms of control of mechanisms such that

on several occasions in recent memory. hat very drastic changes can occur in the lives of the population the of lives the in occur can changes drastic very hat h W i ams cmltl cnrle b etra agents external by controlled completely almost is WB the

t face value: the statistics that talk about the current situation current the about talk that statistics the value: face t ethods of coercion are used whenever deemed whenever used are coercion of ethods

current W hen such reports are published, it is not is it published, are reports such hen

context those would be the numbers the be would those context can

be employed, but rather that rather but employed, be

73

CEU eTD Collection ytm sd y h GI o aes lae te ouain naal o building of incapable population the leaves C areas for GoI the by used system inhabiti population Palestinian the for deteriorate further and age only can areas these of infrastructure the development, for planned C areas of 1% than less with ICA, the by development of lack intentional the with C: Area pre the all on drawing chapters and sections. and thesis, this of II Part of whole the in produced which sector, public The bureaucracy. PA the is that sector public the particularly sector, services the of product a is GDP Palestinian the of 85% that account into taking Then, most basic nutritious level. the in agriculture Area result, a of As territories. regression Palestinian continued the shows now 5% then less to 1994 in 15% from went GDP of share sectors agriculture Palestinian the how as Seeing th of 1% receives only also MoAgriculture the while sector, agriculture the to funds their of 1% then less place funders The difficult. made is food own your farm to ability the even or employment, neg the including also When development 2001) ‘de as described developme Roy Sara what is infrastructure of neglect willful This places. el grid attain and cisterns, and wells building water, of for inhabitants drilling the stopping to addition in facilities, medical and schools, homes,

s urban is nt’ in the Gaza Strip Gaza the in nt’ - ae, evs ite o opruiis n h rrl ra. ec rural Hence areas. rural the in opportunities job little leaves based, .

e GDP, 85% of which goes to the wages of its employees. its of wages the to goes which of 85% GDP, e

lect of the agencies of the agriculture sector we see that see we sector agriculture the of agencies the of lect

(Roy, The Gaza Strip: The Political Economy of De of Economy Political The Strip: Gaza The (Roy,

C is incapable of providing for itself on the on itself for providing of incapable is C g hs aes Te policy The areas. these ng crct i some in ectricity vious 74 - -

CEU eTD Collection to area A. vi be can violence systemic this considered, things All rural C. area in the residing continues inhabitant provided unattainable, largely remains place job the to access practical theoretica the in even checkpoints, of abundance the Considering cities. Banks West the within employment without income of source a attaining in difficulties have communities literary and scholar by used first was ‘Bantustanization’ term the context, Palestinian Afri South Black of citizenships and rights voting the revoke to used were Bantustans administration, colonial British the by ‘reserves’ as created been Initially regions. ‘autonomous’ in groups ethnic set Bantustan the Africa South apartheid In ‘Bantustani De of Economy counterparts”. European its from colonialism Arab then Arab in interest “Zionist that assertion Roy’s matches This expansion. colonial Israeli for land more up frees also facto de livelihoods, their ensure to areas rural the of essence liveli very communities the on infringe conditions accumulated these words, security and employment, attention, medical water, the by the from away created communities rural circumstances, coerce to combine of power, of accumulation holders different the of accumulation that see we way this In ewed as perpetuating a forced internal rural to urban migration from area C area from migration urban to rural internal forced a perpetuating as ewed l event that someone from a rural community lands a job in the nearest city, nearest the in job a lands community rural a from someone that event l

zation’. people ir place of residence, to ensure the ability to attain housing, electricity, housing, attain to ability the ensure to residence, of place ir - eeomn 2001) development

od. ocn mr ad oe aetnas o oe no urban into move to Palestinians more and more Forcing hoods. … i […]

pras h ms iprat atr itnusig Israeli distinguishing factor important most the perhaps s

utemr cnret ih cnet termed concept a with congruent Furthermore

Ry Te aa ti: h Political The Strip: Gaza The (Roy, –

eeste o lf. n other In life. of necessities cans land .

rather In the In 75

CEU eTD Collection f odr, n contr and borders, of the control regime, With restriction movement GoI’s the funding, by ‘autonomous’. exercised control indirect near nowhere are Bank West the of Bantustans the Yet accepting this in the West Bank. which in Bank West the in availability land Said. Edward theoretician of Suc capable accumulation. is capital and grow to seen be can that economy an have you because state a be to deserve you that growth, economic of illusion the of case the is as Or territories. t proving be must precondition the determination self of right the achieve to if as concepts; such within embedded connotations colonial internalized the are dynamic this underling Further the on based are programs building’ ‘state the like just possible, is occupation under while economy problem. de campaigns civil or humanitarian, government, any it, to attention of lack such With unnoticed. are There and army presence. limits city th case a the is Hebron although of vicinity immediate population the higher in with ‘obstacles’ yet less C, and areas concentration as controlled as just are A Areas in living h Plsiin cnmc ttsis ie h ilso ta bidn an building that illusion the give statistics Economic Palestinian The pcfc ye o kolde ht ed atsaiain o o relatively go to bantustanization lead that knowledge of types specific signated to counter such bantustanization and do not present it as a large a as it present not do and bantustanization such counter to signated assumption that having a nation a having that assumption yu ocpe ad or udr ta yu a amnse your administer can you that funders your and occupier your o

l f ai uiiis ie ae ad lcrct, h Palestinians the electricity, and water like utilities basic of ol dsore a ol b se wti a aoit es the lens; Fanonist a within seen be only can discourse h (Said 2005) (Said at shows how even cities can be split up by checkpoints by up split be can cities even how shows at

The term was used to describe the shrinking the describe to used was term The Said accused then President Arafat of of Arafat President then accused Said - state under occupation is possible. is occupation under state 76 –

CEU eTD Collection “ to: goals, mission its of some as stated has which OCHA, approach’, based ‘rights a of ramifications apolitical the within even Yet ‘humanitarian’. of lines the within statistics, OCHA the While Area statistics can be seen asturning a blind eye to communities in rural areas. of neglect PCBS’ the above, the to addition In elites. colonized of complex inferiority Palestinian shape but statistics, Area account into take to neglect only not statistics extortio the within families their and themselves sustain to order in structures communal and labor. waged into incorporated and environments have who communities forcing C, areas historicall of communities rural the PA’s of the apply neglect we If means”. other by leave to Palestinians the compel to order in society Palestinian “ of structures psychological is: and communal the sociocide of undermining that see we definition, Jawwads Abdul taking When logic individualistic of human interaction. neo OCH While area. land Banks West the of 60% considerationintoovertake neglectsto knowledge creationof PA the that us show examples three the whole, the On ‘humanitarian’. increasingly wh reports. their Rather in describe themselves staff OCHA that systems very the to comes n.d.) Promote preparedness and prevent and preparedness Promote - iea prdgs ie h ‘ihs ae apoc’ n aoiia mre based market apolitical and approach’ based ‘rights the like paradigms liberal

e e ltl ssanbe ouin ad rprdes n peeto we it when prevention and preparedness and solutions sustainable little see we n of the funding regime that the PA itself is a perpetuator and victim of. PCBS PCBS of. victim and perpetuator a is itself PA the that regime funding the of n y farmed their lands, and herded their livestock, to forcibly move into urban into move forcibly to livestock, their herded and lands, their farmed y t s en s n nrae n h ae o pouig nweg ta is that knowledge producing of area the in increase an is seen is at A and other IGOs continue to produce knowledge within the within knowledge produce to continue IGOs other and A vn huh hy r ae saitc, edr h issue the render statistics, area are they though even ion” and “facilitate sustainable solutions” sustainable “facilitate and ion”

This alienates them from their lands their from them alienates the

(OCHA (OCHA gradual

77

CEU eTD Collection goals. communal Palestinian rural of course Of structures. undermining such to contributing proactively them localities. within is areas these of Techn situation the if as life daily of imagination which nets safety social of loss Hence acquired. ends wage the on making self ones maintaining to related individualism invoke cities the communities, of spirit communal the continue to attempts the of regardless and cities the into move members Community relations. social in change a demands also cities the into communities rural the of movement the above, the to addition In power that create the depen food of import the allow to occupation the on and existence, PA’s the for funders the on fo theirown produce to needed knowledge the lose to people pushes This regime. funding the of existence the on based is which employment, sector service their for needed knowledge the onese sustain to ability the lost, is knowledge such when Effectively tasks. sector service perform to needed knowledge the with replaced and lost is life of necessity a once was which met from alienation For knowledge. of kind specific a destroys also it sector services the within incorporates being and communities, rural their of out people of movement the With -

stuffs. Creating a deeper cycle of dependence and coercion on the systems of of systems the on coercion and dependence of cycle deeper a Creating stuffs. y mal by ically not only hiding the difficulties faced by these communities but communities these by faced difficulties the hiding only not ically

hods of subsistence ultimately means that farming and herding knowledge herding and farming that means ultimately subsistence of hods - lf from ones land and livestock is eradicated, leaving people only with only people leaving eradicated, is livestock and land ones from lf ersnig hm I ti sne w se ht h P i atvl and actively is PA the that see we sense, this In them. representing od and moves them further into dependence on the PA for wages, for PA thedependenceinto on themfurther moves and od , Israeli policy in areas C works clearly to also achieve the same the achieve also to clearly works C areas in policy Israeli , dence in the place. first

amn ad herding and farming - et and meat erasing 78

CEU eTD Collection created. Rural individualism. relation capitalist to due communities rural in existed otherwise have would

– od producing food -

nweg i ls, ra cnueim is consumerism urban lost, is knowledge s based on based s 79

CEU eTD Collection oe oefl ehd o cont of methods powerful more with present more much Rather, 1986. in was it thing same the be not may sociocide that, us tell economy Palestinian the of population the on application their and power ill the both concerning Socio the to back come we Here and hardships, and perpetuates the violence many forms witnessed in the West Bank. disposition Palestinian more to contributes occupation, the the of violence occupatio systematic and structural the enables it Furthermore population. de production knowledge IGO’s others and OCHA rende to addition In bantustanization. furthers which there, peoplethe of needsthe takeconsiderationintoandinstitutes to failing area C PA’s the Wh hardships’ that Abdul of chain endless an life Palestinian ‘making of results the attaining of capable more much are yet methods new are all paradigm dependency the and accords, Oslo the ile the production of knowledge by institutes of power further the status the further power of institutes by knowledge of production the ile ring a human situation that is purely a political creation as ‘humanitarian’. Such ‘humanitarian’. as creation political a purely is that situation human a ring n to continue unchallenged. Even if not intentional the status the intentional not if Even unchallenged. continue to n - Jawwad lists.Jawwad usion of the ‘Palestinian economy’ and the mechanisms of of mechanisms the and economy’ ‘Palestinian the of usion Chapter 7: - oiiie ad ak te elt fcd y h Palestinian the by faced reality the masks and politicizes

- o ad orin Te oeet etito regime, restriction movement The coercion. and rol cide theorem. What we saw in the previous chapters previous the in saw we What theorem. cide

Part II Conclusion

- quo services quo - quo. With quo. 80

CEU eTD Collection and Palestinian institutes continue to recreate Palestinian history. f colonial increased of byproduct the came history, Palestinian of erasure attempted the With manners. intentional and systemic both in again time and time history Palestinian of destruction t Throughout upon them? dependency movement and energy, housing, water, food, force to then population term such Within 2001) (Mbembe ect… grooming domestication in, breaking connotations: many Mbembe’s to 1968), you “when stated who Fanon colonial In the people,of and increased rural disposition Palestinians. of controlling of means intricate more lands, Bank West into expansion colonial Israeli further enable policies and power of systems these how saw we Finally, wi enclaves. population the the place herding by further dependence that of policies positions into for population used is agents by produced knowledge the how II Part in saw also we production, knowledge to addition In situation. political p is that crisis a in humanitarian and apolitical more ever is that knowledge produce also yet PA, the of shortcomings statistical the of some compensate agencies international While project. statehood PA’s the of framework consum urban Mainly, knowledge. of forms rural how showed II Part theory, we see much reference to the concepts of ‘domestication’. From ‘domestication’. of concepts the to reference much see we theory,

i wr w hv se seii pten. n at w sw o the how saw we I Part In patterns. specific seen have we work his orms of knowledge. Although resistance has always been present been always has resistance Although knowledge. of orms – food producing food 8. domesticate Final Conclusion nlg, ht etr wy o dmsiae any ‘domesticate’ to way a better what inology, -

knowledge was being replaced with other with replaced being was knowledge mme o yu on pce” (Fanon species” own your of member a rs ad ae ao, ihn the within labor, wage and erism

rl te rdcin f a of production the urely

hn urban thin 81

CEU eTD Collection very understanding of the nature of Zionist colonization of Palestine is what has led has what is Palestine of colonization Zionist of nature the of understanding very coloni Zionist Pappe, and Roy both the yet exploited, are resources by out pointed as Rather, colonization. Zionist by wanted not is population Palestinian and land case, Palestinian the In populations. mos factor: important one to due theory colonial within neatly fit not does scenario Palestinian the technically Yet like the Jordan Valley, and the Bedouin communities in the demolitions. While whole communities have their dwellings demolished in areas 20 is identity and spirit national both for foundation underlying the but exist, to seen be may identity” and spirit national Palestinian of “Decimation the First, theore consideration wecome work the this to of resultsseveral of conclusions. sociocide the at back looking when Therefore, work. this throughout present ever been has society Palestinian of structures psychological and communal of undermining gradual The means”. other by leave to Palestinians the Palestinia of structures psychological and communal the for crucial sociocide “ people: of Palestinian the of definition “transfer” the understanding the see We Sociocide. Jawwad’s Abdul to P the on continued cleansing ethnic is how large no Palestinians been have there Nakbeh, 1948 the since Yet attempt continued of ethnic cle an as years 65 last the over policies such of continuation the see to Pappe like people

There are many ‘small’ forced transfers, almost on a daily basis with house 20 , at least not on the scale as those perpetuated between 1947 between perpetuated those as scale the on not least at ,

frs f ooils epotd ad rsucs and resources, land, exploited colonialism of forms t ansing ain s o itrse i te aetnas This Palestinians. the in interested not is zation (Pappe 2007) alestinian population? Here we come back come we Here population? alestinian .

n society in order to compel to order in society n the gradual undermining of of undermining gradual the - scale forced transfers of of transfers forced scale Negev. , n tkn into taking and m, ‘national history’. ‘national

- 1952. So So 1952. 82

CEU eTD Collection sector has been in constant decline. Although here not only do we see the role of the of role the see we do only not here Although decline. constant in been has sector agriculture the chapter, Economy the in saw we As economy. Palestinian of sectors productive the in seen be can economy” Palestinian the of “Destruction the Second, narrative and enable and increase colonial knowledge producti Palestinian a deny attempts Such constant. and systematic are it eradicate to attempts and assaulted constantly are I, Part throughout saw we as which, histories, Palestinian knowledge 21 and deteriorating, be to sector agriculture Palestinian the of state the attack, under constantly history Palestinian find we above, the all Considering expanding settler co and created be can ever the to parallel and ‘livelihoods’ occupation military of paradigm existing the within developed and ‘economy’, ‘state’, like things That end. cr they Rather Bank. West the of reality the hide PA the and organizations, international donors, de ‘politically the of effects accumulative the res the turning, and Deeming, narrative. Palestinian the also but people, the only not of de politicization’ ‘political technically is approach based rights the in present humanitarianism the Third; people producing from sustenance ontheir land to wage labor in cities. more pushing sector, service the within people employing for need the increases This negligence. donor and PA also but sector, productive this of demise the in occupation

And Very briefly the manufacturing sector.

oe f nweg pouto i scoie Wee h aoiia and apolitical the Where sociocide. in production knowledge of role eate, each in their own way, an illusion that the occupation need not need occupation the that illusion an way, own their in each eate, ults of political actors and actions into a ‘humanitarian’ crisis. While crisis. ‘humanitarian’ a into actions and actors political of ults lonialism.

- politicization’ knowledge produced by produced knowledge politicization’

on.

83 21 -

CEU eTD Collection Theory of Sociocide remains relevant, possibly more then it was before. Although the Although before. was it then more possibly relevant, remains Sociocide of Theory the that indicate factors these such As Bank. West the in population Palestinian the on Pal by endure the bustantanization, of continuation hardships of chain endless the the of increase an and economy, Palestinian of weakening include will these likelihood all In thequestion long for term implications these policies of onthe West Bank. white to working agents by production Sociocidetheory of redundant. o reality te et ak a cagd ic 18, oe f h cags edr the render changes the of none 1986, since changed has Bank West the f estinians on a daily basis. In other words, the continuation of sociocide of continuation the words, other In basis. daily a on estinians

- ah ooils. hs elzto bg t begs realization This colonialism. wash

84 he

CEU eTD Collection

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A Built-up Areas andLandReserves in theWest Bank Jewish Settlements May 2002 60 Scale 1:150,000 Scale 04 Regional Council Jurisdictional Area ( Area withinMunicipalBoundary(Settlement) Built-up Area (Settlement) Military Base Road Number 1949 Armistice Line("GreenLine") By-pass Road Regular Road Area H2(Hebron) Area H1(Hebron) Area C Area B Area A Built-up Area (Palestinian) Kh. -KhirbeSmallVillage RC -RefugeeCamp Abbreviations: 10 KM 5 1 2 3 . 5 Tel Aviv -Jaffa B Holon . Israeli Settlements in the West Bank Ramat Gan Rishon Leziyyon Ramat Hasharon Settlement Ra'ananna Ramla Netanya Petah Tiqva ) Lod C Hod Hasharon Eshkolot Sansana Kefar Sava Hadera Ar-Ramadin Al-Burj 'Arab Al-Fureijat'Arab Rosh Ha'ayin Tira Al-Fauqa Ar-RushBeit Anab Al-Kabir Anab At-Tahta Ar-RushBeit Sikka Al-Foqa Al-'Asal Deir Al-Majd Al-Muwarraq At-Tahta Deir Al-'Asal Al-Kum Tawas Qalqiliya Beit 'Awwa Tene Habla Nahal Negohot Idhna Duma Alfe Menashe Ras 'Atiya Ras D Marah Al-Baqqar Marah Oranit Beit Maqdum Beit Deir Samit Deir Bet Shemesh Kh. Al-Hadab Kh. Kurza 'Izbat Salman 'Izbat Bir Musallam Bir Budrus 'Izbat Jal'ud 'Izbat Imreish Zufin Azzun Atma Azzun Adh-Dhahiriya No Man's Land An-Nabi Elyas An-Nabi Al-Mudawwar Trans-Judean Road Trans-Judean Beit Amin Beit 60 Qila Qibya Sha'are Tiqva Tarqumiya Falamya Deir Ballut Deir Shuweika Mevo Horon Adora Hashmona'im Rantis Shim'a At-Tabaqa Al-Lubban Al-Gharbi Al-Lubban Elqana Tulkarm 35 Kharas Tulkarm RC Rabud Shilat Az-Zawiya 'Abda Far'un Ni'lin Kh. Jubara Kh. Mattityahu 'Izbat Al-Ashqar 'Izbat Telem Karama Jayyus As-Simiya Lapid Sal'it 'Isla Kfar Ruth Sanniriya 3 Ofarim Rafat Kafr Thulth Kafr Otni'el Kafr Jammal Kafr Al-Jarushiya Deir Qaddis Deir 'Izbat Shufa 'Izbat Maccabim Dhinnaba Abu Al-'UrqanAbu Shabtin 55 Zeita Kafa Iktaba Nili Pedu'el Beit Ula Beit Dura Shuqba Ad-Dalabeh Hadab Beit Sira Beit Nazlat 'Isa Nazlat Nur Shams RC Shams Nur Modi'in Illit Bruchin Azzun Menora Nuba Rafada Mas-ha Ez Efrayim Bet Arye Kharas Al-Hijra Kh. Sir Kh. Beit Kahil Beit Ar-Ras Na'ale Kh.Ad-Deir Ma'ale Shomeron Kafr Zibad Kafr 'Abud Beit Liqya Beit 505 Beit 'Amra Beit Ele Zahav Akkaba Attil Avne Hefez Taffuh Kh. Bani Harith Bani Kh. Kafr Sur Kafr Surif Saffa Kafr Laqif Kafr Baqa Ash-SharqiyaBaqa Al-Jab'a Hadab Al-Fawwar Hadab Kh. Al-Misbah Kh. Bil'in Biddya Deir Al-Ghusun Deir Sarta An-Nazla Al-Gharbiya An-Nazla Qaffin Deir Abu-Mash'al Kafr al-Labad Kafr Shani Shufa Kafr Ad-Dik Kafr Jala Jammala Dhaher Al-'Abed Dhaher Qarawat Bani Hassan Bani Qarawat Qinan A n-Najma A Qinan Bet Hagay Barta'a Ash Sharqiya Ash Barta'a As-Samu' Al-Fawwar RC Al-Fawwar An-Nazla Al-WustaAn-Nazla Mazari En-Nubani Mazari Nofim Kafr 'Abbush Kafr Nahal Gevaot Deir Ghassana Deir 5 Kafr Ni'ma Kafr Bat Ayin E Qarne ShomeronQarne Kur I'zeiz 443 Ar-Rihiya Ras Karkar Ras Hebron Qiryat Netafim Bal'a 585 Deir Nidham Deir Beit 'Anan Beit Barqan Yatta Illar Baqa Beit Ur At-Tahta Ur Beit Saffarin Deir 'Ammar RC 'Ammar Deir Beitillu Seida Beit Ummar Beit Brukin H 1 H Karme Zur Nahal Aner Qatanna Safa Qeiqis 465 Kh. 'Abdallah Kh. 57 Kh. Umm Al-Lahim Umm Kh. An-Nazla Ash-SharqiyaAn-Nazla Umm Dar Umm Al-Janiya Enav Rekhan 'Anabta Umm Ar-RihanUmm Halhul Deir Abu Ibzi Abu Deir Beit Rima Beit Nahhalin Betar Illit Kefar Ezyon Al-Yunis Beit Ur Al-Fauqa Ur Beit Wadi Fukin An Nabi Salih Nabi An Kafr Qaddum Kafr At-Tira Yaqir Hermesh Suseya Beit Duqqu Beit Barqan Industrial Area 367 Imreiha Kafr 'Ein Kafr Zabda Hallamish (Neve Zuf) Revava H 2 H Qarawat Bani Zeid Bani Qarawat Kafr Rumman Kafr Rosh Zurim Beit 'Einun Umm Al-Fahm Talmon Qiryat Arba Zif Dhaher Al-Malih Dhaher Jinsafut Allon Shevut Hajja Qurnat Ar-RasQurnat Beit Lid Beit Tura-al-Gharbiya Battir Kh. Al-Karmil Kh. Har Adar Kh. Ma'in Dolev 'Ein Arik 'Ein Mezadot Yehuda Bet Horon Immanu'el Nahli'el Tal Menashe Ramin Ad-Duweir Hureiz Al-'Arrub RC Al-'Arrub Ya'bad Al-Qubeiba Sa'ir Qedumim Deir Istiya Deir Giv'on Hahadasha El'azar Haris Neve Daniyyel Kifl Haris Husan Beit Ijza Beit 60 'Ein Qiniya 'Ein Umm Lasafa Umm Migdal Oz Beit Surik Beit Bizzariya Immatin Al-'Attara Farkha Silat Adh-Dhahr Silat Kh. Bir Al-'Idd Bir Kh. Ar-Rama Umm Safa Umm Al-Walaja Efrat Beituniya Al Mazra'a Al-Qibliya Mazra'a Al At-Tuwani Kuziba Deir As-Sudan Deir Kfar Ra'i 317 356 Biddu Shaqed Birin Giv'at Ze'ev Ad-Duwwara Far'ata 'Anin Ash-Shuyukh Kobar Abu Shukheidim Abu Hinnanit Al-Khadr Shavey Shomeron Jit 60 Abu Qash Abu 60 Har Gillo At-Tayba Pene Hever Fahma Qira 'Irqan Turad Beit Iksa Beit Mevo Dotan Giv'on Nazlat Ash-Sheikh Zeid Ash-Sheikh Nazlat Kh. Qeis Kh. Jurat Ash-Sham'a Jurat Umm Salamuna Salfit Al-Buweib Burqa Ari'el Ad-Deirat Wadi Rahhal Fahma Al-Jadida Fahma Deir Sharaf Deir Arura Qafan Al-Khamis Qafan Wadi An-Nis Zeita Jamma'in Zeita Sa Nur Beit Fajjar Beit Mazari' An-Nubani Mazari' Arraba Burham Ateret Sarra Ad-Doha Ajjul Gillo Ath-Thabra Ajja Artas Qusin Rummana Ma'on Sabastiya Al-Jib Karmel Beit Jala Beit Bani Na'im Jerusalem West Asira Al-Qibilya Asira Ayda RC Surda Al-Manshiya Homesh 'Araqa Al-Jalazun RC Al-Jalazun Bethlehem At-Tarem Beit Iba Beit Kufeirit Marah Rabah Marah 356 An-Naqura 45 Ad-Duheisha RC Ad-Duheisha Abwein Beit-Safafa Marda Al-Beida Al-Judeira Al-'Aza RC Al-'Aza 'Atara 'Ammuriya Bir Nabala Bir Ramallah Al-Juneid Ti'nnik F Bir Zeit Bir Khallet Al-Louza Khallet Rafat Ramot Allon Beit Hanina Al-Balad Hanina Beit Tell Jifna Zububa Jamma'in Al-Ma'sara Beit Imrin Beit Zawata Al-Lubban Ash-SharqiyaAl-Lubban Qalandiya Al-Fandaqumiya Al-Am'ari RC Al-Am'ari 60 Trans-Samarian Road Trans-Samarian Al-Halqum Jaba' Asefar (Mezad) Ijnisinya Anza Az-Zuweidin Al-Yamun Kh. ad-Deir Kh. Madama Urif East Talpiyyot Kafr Qud Kafr Al-Faqir Abu Nujeim Abu Silat Al-Harithiya Silat Ramot Eshkol Al-Hashimiya Nisf Jubeil Nisf Atarot 'Ein Siniya 'Ein Ramat Shlomo Khallet Hamad Khallet Iskaka Harmala Ma'ale Amos 505 Kafr 'Aqab Kafr Qalandiya RC HaMatos Giv'at Har Homa Tuqu' Ad-Damayra Iraq Burin Iraq Zawiya Jiljilya Mirka Kisan An-Najada Yasuf Yizhar Al-Bira Beit Sahur Beit 356 Bir Al-Basha Bir Old City Bet El Psagot Dura Al-Qar'a Dura Yabrud Nablus Al-'Asakira Kh. TawilKh. Ein YabrudEin 60 Ar-Ram Al-Maniya Kfar Tapuah Kafr Dan Kafr Bureid'a Sanur Burin Khashem Al-Karem French Hill Teqoa Beit Ta'mirBeit Sur Bahir Sur Einabus Al-Fureidis Ma'ale Levona Al-'iqab Silwan Dahiyat Al-BareedDahiyat Asira Ash-Shamaliya Asira Huwwara Shu'afat RC Al-Khas Beitin Dar Salah As Sawiya As Arab ar-RashayidaArab Rehelim Scopus Jaba Jerusalem East Har Bracha Mount Neve Ya'aqov Ar-Rawa'in Pisgat Ze'ev Birqin , 2002 Jenin RC Jenin Tel Ziyon Tel Kokhav Ya'aqov Sinjil Burka Yatma Ofra Noqedim 60 Misiliya Ash-Shuhada Silwad Meithalun 60 Wadi al-'Arayis Wadi Eli Anata Abu Dis Abu Dahiyat Sabah Al-Kheir Sabah Dahiyat Hizma Yasid 60 Al-'Eizariya Al-Mazra'a Ash-SharqiyaAl-Mazra'a Odala Umm Al-Qasseis Umm Ash-Sheikh Sa'd Ash-Sheikh Az-Za'ayyem Za'tara Askar RC Askar Siris Juhdum 'Arab As-Suweitat 'Arab Industrial Area Sha'ar Binyamin As-Sawahira ash-Sharqiya Umm At-Tal'a Qabatiya Jenin Awarta Beita Deir Dibwan Deir Ash-Shawawra At-Tayba Mikhmas Al-Khushna Rammun Balata RC Balata Talfit Talluza Qabalan Shilo (Adam) Geva Binyamin Rujeib Qaryut 'Arab Al-Jahalin Turmus Ayya 60 Deir Jarir Deir Al-Haddadiya Al-Judeida Sir Az-Zababida Almon Umm 'Asla Umm Khirbat Abu-Falah Khirbat 1 Azmut Jerusalem Landfill G Al-Jalama 57 Kafr Malik Itamar Kaddim Al-'Ubeidiya Osarin Shvut Rahel Jalud Arrana Qusra Al-Badhan Ma'ale Adummim Jurish Qedar Ma'ale Mikhmas 458 505 Ras Al-Far'a Ras Deir Al-Hatab Deir Al-Ka'abina Al-Far'a Ganim Salim Telfit Beit Furik Beit

Allon Road Al-'Aqaba 458 Arabbuna Mashru' Beit Qad Beit Mashru' Al-Kufeir Kefar Adummim Deir Ghazala Deir Elon Moreh Umm at-Tut Al-Mughayyir 458 Allon Road Yanun Al-Far'a RC Al-Far'a Beit Qad Beit Aqraba Migdalim Rimmonim Kokhav Hashahar Al-Aqrabaniya Majdal Bani Fadil Bani Majdal Jalqamus Raba Industrial Area Mishor Adummim Tammun Beit Dajan Beit Deir Abu-Da'if Deir Al-Mughayyir Duma Tubas Faqqu'a Tayasir 505 Mizpe Shalem Jalbun Gittit Al-Mutilla Beit Hasan Beit Ma'ale Efrayim Yitav Hamra Mizpe Yeriho H 90 'Ein Ad-Duyuk Al-Foqa Ad-Duyuk 'Ein e. 7--759, a. 972-2-6749111 Fax. http//www.btselem.org [email protected] E-mail: 972-2-6735599, 93420 Jerusalem Talpiot, Floor) Tel. (4th St. Hata'asiya 8 Produced Jointly with Jointly Produced Human Rights in the Occupied TerritoriesOccupied the in Rights Human for Center Information Israeli The - B'TSELEM Netiv Hagedud Mekhora Vered Yeriho Vered Tomer Avenat Gilgal Beqa'ot Fasayil 90 Niran An-Nuwei'ma Peza'el Almog Al-Auja Al-Jiftlik Qalya Jericho Aqbat Jaber RC Jaber Aqbat Regional Center Yafit Al-Malih 'Ein As-Sultan RC As-Sultan 'Ein 90 Bardala Kardala 1 Massu'a Bet She'an Ro'i Nahal Zori No'omi Jordan Valley Road Nahal Maskiyot Dead Sea Atraktziya Water Park 578 Al-Farisiya Eyal Weizman Eyal Nahal Elisha Ein El-Beida Nahal Rotem Nahal Bitronot /Brosh Argaman Shadmot Mehola Mehola Nahal En-Hogla Bet-Haarava 90 Jordan Valley Road I Marj Na'ja Marj Az-Zubeidat Hemdat Lido Yehuda 90 - Architect 90 15 14 13 12 10 11 1 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 100

CEU eTD Collection Appendix B

. 6 . Restrictions onPalestinian Accessin the West Bank

101

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102

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Z    Z   Z   S F E V  J R Y  S V  3 R . Electricity in the Palestinian T U W D O V  B 5 D L Q E R Z                ' 6  7 ' 1 2 6 $ - - 0 $ 0 ) -

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

Q   E L  Q erritories R   (  Z 3  J 8 D 6  \ Q ' S O R  S H W X         X R V U              E F F W              O L              L H V X Q              K P              H H  G H E  ' Q \ D W  W V 6 D   R (   - X 5 Q R D U U U F P

G B D H D  Q  O O  D D     K Q               G           3            B  D            0 ( O            H   R V B W Q L W Q D W H K E      K  7 W R  P W  D  O                                                                                             103   

CEU eTD Collection Appendix C

n rahd 3. cmae wt 190 durin 129.0 with compared 132.7 reached and in index price consumer The followed by the growth andof agriculture fishing by 57.0%. 13.0%.The Gaza Strip. Witnessed a sharp rise 13.7 rise sharp a Witnessed Strip. by Gaza 13.0%.The 2011 during rate growth highest the h sz o te ao fre that force labor the of size the Despite the stability in the average of nominal of average the in stabilitythe Despite 2010. in 23.7% with compared 2011 thousand 837 reached Territory .% oprd ih h ya o 2010, of year the with compared 2.8% 201 of year the during Territory th in rate unemployment the result, a As 2010. as 2010, with compared 12.6% by employees rate in the Palestinian Territory decrease Territory Palestinian the in rate in prices of level high the than West Bank and Gaza Strip Gaza and Bank West Pale he in activities economic of most Where Te Palestinian the in individuals number of employees at different percentages percentages different at employees of number The ParticipationThe ratelaboin Pale the in GDP the of 30.0% contribute sector services The Bank. West in 2010. This increase in the part the in increase This 2010. ye two past the during Strip Gaza Gaza and Bank West the of both in (GDP) Product th registered activity Construction be attributed to the high growth rate in Gaza in rate growth high the to attributed be administration public by and fishing at 9.9%. This high gr high This 9.9%. at fishing and of year the during growth rs dmsi Pout GP i te Pale the in (GDP) Product domestic Gross . 1.

Performance of thePerformance Palestinian of Economy 2011 Palestinian Central Bureau Bureau Central Palestinian Performance ofthePale and defense at 13.0%, transport an 2011 amounted to 9.9% . Activities of trade, re trade, of Activities . stinian Territory in 2011. 2011. in Territory stinian r force in 2011 increased by 43 by increased2011 forcein r the Palestinian Territory during that period. The productivity the Palestinian Territory increased by 2.88% during 2011 during 2.88% by increased Territory Palestinian the rritory, i.e. any increase in nomin in increase any i.e. rritory, mlye i 21 cmae t 74 huad mlye in employees thousand 744 to compared 2011 in employees icipation rate is attributed attributed is rate icipation owth in the Palestinian Territory during the year 2011 could could 2011 year the during Territory Palestinian the in owth 1, the percentage of the real the of percentage the 1, entered into the labor market. e highest growth rate in 2011 in rate growth highest e ars, Gaza Strip contribution to contribution Strip Gaza ars, d by 3.9% in 2011 compared with 2010. which demonstrated a low purchasing power of Strip, which reached 23. in construction activity activity construction in , olwd y mining by followed %, o a ihs percenta highest a of d   e Palestinian Territory decreased to 20.9% in 20.9% to decreasedTerritory Palestinian e stinian Economy,2011 stinian stinian Territory witnessed a remarkable remarkable a witnessed Territory stinian h nme o epoes n h Palestinian the in employees of number the daily wage that prevailed in the Palestinian Palestinian the in prevailed that wage daily with a disparity and inconsistency between inconsistency and disparity a with tna Trioy experi Territory stinian te er f 2010 of year the g staurants and hotels in hotels and staurants Strip. Despite the surge in growth rates in in rates growth in surge the Despite Strip. of Statisticsof (PCBS) . The GDP Per capita increased by 6.6%. by increased capita Per GDP The . d storage by 12.3 by storage d to the remarkable increase in in increase remarkable the to .0% compared withcompared41.1%in .0% daily wage chopped down by by down chopped wage daily and reached 26.9%, followed al pay of the laborer was less was laborer the of pay al GDP decreased to less than In 2011, the number of 0% compared with 5.2% with compared 0% (base year 2004). 2011, during 154.4% by ge of Gross Domestic Domestic Gross of ge n mnfcuig at manufacturing and West Bank recorded

ne rs i the in rise enced % and agriculture and % The 104

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niiul wr sil ufrn fo povert from of suffering 25.7% still Territory, Palestinian were the individuals in rate poverty in improvement slight the Despite forase major groupsexcept all of ertr ws aid n ublne, hr the where unbalanced, and period. varied was same Territory the during consumptio 14.1% of from decreased patterns real to according uhrt, h Plsiin Author Palestinian the Authority, shee balance unified the of data the to According ,7. mlin t h ed f h ya co year the of end the at million 6,776.8 The value of residents' deposits in local ba local in deposits residents' of value The 2010. in million 1,146.8 USD with compared 2011 during million uhrt dcesd y 29.0% by decreased Authority xenl iaca spot o oe te defi the cover to support financial External S 20 ilo. oenet xess increase expenses Government billion. 2.0 USD increase in government revenues where total re total wheregovernmentrevenues in increase increas Authority National Palestinian the of Regarding the financial situation of the Palest the of situation financial the Regarding 2010. in million 2,476.5 USD 1,278.3 million. 1,278.3 37.3 by decreased remittances and transfers employees of Compensations 2010. in its normal level which in return increased th increased return in which level normal its in an goods of imports of value the 1,894.4 million which is the highest since 2000. since highest the is which million 1,894.4 Current account deficit in the Palestinian Palestinian the in deficit account Current 10.3%. to upped was Strip wh Bank, West to compared Strip 18.3% in 2010 compared with 38. with compared 2010 in 18.3% index price consumer higher

residents' deposits in 2011. deposits 2011. in residents' due to an increase in

during the year of 2011 wa 2011 of year the during d services to Palestine; while while Palestine; to services d hr te oa o te extern the of total the where ere it chopped downin the West t of furniture and household goods. goods. household and furniture t of t isiuin' eois cons deposits institutions' ity 0% in Gaza Strip. Gaza in 0% from abroad increased during 2011 by 3.7%; while current government expenses at a hi a at expenses government % reaching USD 1,552.5 million after they were they after million 1,552.5 USD reaching % Territory increased during 2011 reaching USD reaching 2011 during increased Territory nks increased in 2011 by 2.2% reaching USD reaching 2.2% by 2011 in increased nks prd ih S 6603 ilo i 2010. in million 6,630.3 USD with mpared i i te ugt f h Plsiin National Palestinian the of budget the in cit venues increased by 6.1% by increased venues e trade balance deficit by 9.2% compared with compared 9.2% by deficit balance trade e , hl te ecnae f ep poverty deep of percentage the while n, ed in 2011 compared to compared 2011 in ed i 21, compared 2010, in y inian National Authority, the budget deficit deficit budget the Authority, National inian t of banks issued by the Palestinian Monetary Palestinian the by issued banks of t Such deficit is attributed to the steady rise in b 80 drn te ae eid s well. as period same the during 8.0% by d oet rt i te We the in rate poverty The poverty percentage in Palestinian The poverty gap also increased in Gaza in increased also gap poverty The s mainlypricess to attributedincreaseof the Palestinian exports remained exports Palestinian the al support reached USD 814.3 814.3 USD reached support al iue 64 o te oa of total the of 6.4% tituted Bank to 4.1%, while in Gaza gher percentage than the the than percentage gher with 26.2% in 2009 2009 in 26.2% with during 2011 reaching 2010 reaching USD st Bank reached at at reached Bank st 

105

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106