Lessons from COVID-19 for the Climate Emergency

Daniel Kammen

Energy and Resources Group (Chair) Goldman School of Public Policy Department of Nuclear Engineering Director, Renewable and Appropriate Energy Laboratory University of California, Berkeley

Former Science Envoy, United States Department of State

MIT Energy Conference, April 2, 2020 Resources:

Website: http://rael.berkeley.edu

Twitter: @dan_kammen Renewable and Appropriate Energy Laboratory @ UC Berkeley

http://rael.berkeley.edu RAEL: 50 PhD graduates and counting

Prof Charles Kirubi, Rick Duke, Special Assoc. Prof Tracey Asst. Prof. Dan Asst Prof. Gang He, Dept. Assoc. Prof. Environmental Studies, Advisor to Pres. Obama Osborne, Geography, Sanchez, Extension, Tech. & Society Donna Green, Kenyatta University on Climate Change U of Arizona ESPM, UC Berkeley Stony Brook University UNSW

Rebekah Shirley, Dir. Energy Extension, Asst. Prof Derek Prof. Katie Purvis Prof Tonio Buonosissi, Assoc. Prof. Power for All, Strathmore Christian Casillas, Lemoine, Economics, Environmental Chemistry, Mechanical Eng., Dir. Joanna Lewis, University, Nairobi, Kenya U of New Mexico U. of Arizona The Claremont Colleges Solar Materials Lab, MIT Georgetown U

Prof Arne Jacobsen Prof Tracey Holloway, Carla Peterman Prof Majid Ezzati, Dir. Asst Prof, Deborah Assoc. Prof. Director, Schatz Energy Lab Atmospheric Science, Commissioner, Global Env. Health Sunter, Mechanical Greg Nemet, U. Humboldt State U U Wisc. Founder, Env. California Public Imperial College, London Engineering, Tufts U. Wisconsin, Science Women’s Commission & Harvard School of & UC Berkeley LaFollette Network Public Health Institute of Data School of Public Sciences Fellow Affairs & Nelson Instiute

http://rael.berkeley.edu Critical COVID-19 Lessons for the Climate Emergency

• There is no substitute for research & development, and education

• Supply chains are vulnerable on a crowded, denuded, planet

• Tipping points happen fast

• Individual actions matter (infection & education)

• We only as resilient as the most vulnerable (Environmental Justice) April 1 US COVID19

Total cases: 186,101

Total deaths: 3,603 COVID19 and

Climate change Unemployment to hit 20%?

Updated March 30, 2020 11 12 13 Paris, 2015: 2 degree NDC Commitments objective to the Paris Accords

Kigali Accords

Needed Innovations IPCC, 2018: 1.5 degree objective

14 C. Figueres, et al, 2017, Nature R&D in Materials Science for Storage Innovation

Data sources: Schmidt, O, Hawkes, A, Gambhir, A, & Staffell, I (2017) Nature Energy, 2, 17110. Kittner, NR, Lil, F & Kammen, DM (2017) Nature Energy, 2, 17125. Overnight Energy costs (current)

http://calculators.energy.utexas.edu/lcoe_map/#/county/tech UT Austin - Levelized Cost of Electricity Regional Greenhouse Gas Initiative

http://calculators.energy.utexas.edu/lcoe_map/#/county/tech UT Austin - Levelized Cost of Electricity CA & Quebec

http://calculators.energy.utexas.edu/lcoe_map/#/county/tech UT Austin - Levelized Cost of Electricity Social Cost of Carbon ($50)

http://calculators.energy.utexas.edu/lcoe_map/#/county/tech UT Austin - Levelized Cost of Electricity Electric Vehicle Data Science: China and New York City (w/Gordon Bauer) Data science for fleet management: Dr Cheng Zheng, CEO, Aspiring Citizens Cleantech (ACC), Chengdu, China & Gordon Bauer & Daniel Kammen (ERG, UC Berkeley)

100% EV taxi fleet in Shenzhen, China (25,000+ vehicles) 24 month fleet conversion Schmitt, Kittner, Kondoff & Kammen (2019) Nature, 569, 330-332 Kibera Town Center, Nairobi: Women’s Resource Center Solar microgrid franchise model leverages community energy • Largest slum in Africa

• Minimal infrastructure

• Unmet energy demand

• Leverage Women’s resource center (600 users/day)

• Women’s resource center opens 2017

• Community training center

• Hub of franchise model for community micro-grid

http://rael.berkeley.edu In one year a youth movement on climate went from

From this To this

Four million people September 20 – 27: a week of action Expectations locally to globally

California Energy Goals: Aggressive & Evolving

60%50% 33% 20%

2013 2020 2030 California Senate Bill 100: 100% clean energy by 2045 and 2030 standard now 60% (without nuclear or large hydro) 27 California Energy Efficiency Policy Drives Innovation

Residential New Construction

• All new residential construction in California will be zero net energy by 2020. Big Bold EE Strategies

Commercial New Construction • All new commercial construction in California will be zero net energy by 2030. • Leverage opportunities from emerging technologies initiatives, incentive programs, and local initiatives targeting commercial building/ property developers. Learning from our Missteps:

Climate and Environmental Justice

http://rael.berkeley.edu Evolving California Climate Laws

Assembly Bill 32 Return to 1990 emission levels by 2020

Senate Bill 100: 100% green energy in 2045

Senate Bill 32: Cap & Trade carbon market And 35% or more of revenues for marginalized communities

Solar Mandate & EV Mandate: 1 million solar roofs & EVs by 2020

Justice component a work in progress… Environmental Justice

• Lack of EV access where the health benefits are highest

• CA Green New Deal: Dedicated seed fund of $3.5 billion/yr for disadvantaged areas

• CA SB50 (housing access at transit hubs): bill failed 2x

http://rael.berkeley.edu EcoBlock Vision: A Multi-Customer Microgrid Solution https://ecoblock.berkeley.edu Electrical system combines DER • Communal rooftop solar PV • Communal energy storage system (flywheel and/or battery) • Intelligent loads and electric demand response • Shared Electric vehicle (EV) charging • Smart controls in a direct- current (DC) microgrid infrastructure behind a single interconnection with the utility, PG&E 9 Large Racial disparity in solar – even at same income

15 Deborah Sunter, Sergio Castellanos & Daniel M Kammen (2019) “Disparities in rooftop photovoltaics deployment in the United States by race and ethnicity,“ Nature Sustainability, 2, 71 – 76. Solar Installations by Racial Composition in Identified Tracts

https://medium.com/@green_stimulus_now/a-green-stimulus-to-rebuild-our-economy-1e7030a1d9ee

Author team: Johanna Bozuwa, J. Mijin Cha, Daniel Aldana Cohen, Billy Fleming, Jim Goodman, Ayana Elizabeth Johnson, Daniel M Kammen, Julian Brave NoiseCat, Mark Paul, Raj Patel, Thea Riofrancos (2020) “A Green Stimulus”, https://medium.com/@green_stimulus_now/a-green- stimulus-to-rebuild-our-economy-1e7030a1d9ee

http://rael.berkeley.edu http://coolclimate.berkeley.edu/maps

Household GHG emissions in New York Metro Region

Energy Transportation

Consumption Total 46 The Green Energy Economy

Figure 2 from “Recalibrating climate prospects”

Lovins, Ürge-Vorsatz, Mundaca, Kammen & Glassman

Environ. Res. Lett. 14, 120201 (2019) doi:10.1088/1748-9326/ab55ab Thank you

• Twitter: @dan_kammen

• http://rael.berkeley.edu