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Founding a Family of Fiddles
The four members of the violin family have changed very little In hundreds of years. Recently, a group of musi- cians and scientists have constructed a "new" string family. 16 Founding a Family of Fiddles Carleen M. Hutchins An article from Physics Today, 1967. New measmement techniques combined with recent acoustics research enable us to make vioUn-type instruments in all frequency ranges with the properties built into the vioHn itself by the masters of three centuries ago. Thus for the first time we have a whole family of instruments made according to a consistent acoustical theory. Beyond a doubt they are musically successful by Carleen Maley Hutchins For three or folti centuries string stacles have stood in the way of practi- quartets as well as orchestras both cal accomplishment. That we can large and small, ha\e used violins, now routinely make fine violins in a violas, cellos and contrabasses of clas- variety of frequency ranges is the re- sical design. These wooden instru- siJt of a fortuitous combination: ments were brought to near perfec- violin acoustics research—showing a tion by violin makers of the 17th and resurgence after a lapse of 100 years— 18th centuries. Only recendy, though, and the new testing equipment capa- has testing equipment been good ble of responding to the sensitivities of enough to find out just how they work, wooden instruments. and only recently have scientific meth- As is shown in figure 1, oiu new in- ods of manufactiu-e been good enough struments are tuned in alternate inter- to produce consistently instruments vals of a musical fourth and fifth over with the qualities one wants to design the range of the piano keyboard. -
Andrián Pertout
Andrián Pertout Three Microtonal Compositions: The Utilization of Tuning Systems in Modern Composition Volume 1 Submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements of the degree of Doctor of Philosophy Produced on acid-free paper Faculty of Music The University of Melbourne March, 2007 Abstract Three Microtonal Compositions: The Utilization of Tuning Systems in Modern Composition encompasses the work undertaken by Lou Harrison (widely regarded as one of America’s most influential and original composers) with regards to just intonation, and tuning and scale systems from around the globe – also taking into account the influential work of Alain Daniélou (Introduction to the Study of Musical Scales), Harry Partch (Genesis of a Music), and Ben Johnston (Scalar Order as a Compositional Resource). The essence of the project being to reveal the compositional applications of a selection of Persian, Indonesian, and Japanese musical scales utilized in three very distinct systems: theory versus performance practice and the ‘Scale of Fifths’, or cyclic division of the octave; the equally-tempered division of the octave; and the ‘Scale of Proportions’, or harmonic division of the octave championed by Harrison, among others – outlining their theoretical and aesthetic rationale, as well as their historical foundations. The project begins with the creation of three new microtonal works tailored to address some of the compositional issues of each system, and ending with an articulated exposition; obtained via the investigation of written sources, disclosure -
August 1909) James Francis Cooke
Gardner-Webb University Digital Commons @ Gardner-Webb University The tudeE Magazine: 1883-1957 John R. Dover Memorial Library 8-1-1909 Volume 27, Number 08 (August 1909) James Francis Cooke Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.gardner-webb.edu/etude Part of the Composition Commons, Ethnomusicology Commons, Fine Arts Commons, History Commons, Liturgy and Worship Commons, Music Education Commons, Musicology Commons, Music Pedagogy Commons, Music Performance Commons, Music Practice Commons, and the Music Theory Commons Recommended Citation Cooke, James Francis. "Volume 27, Number 08 (August 1909)." , (1909). https://digitalcommons.gardner-webb.edu/etude/550 This Book is brought to you for free and open access by the John R. Dover Memorial Library at Digital Commons @ Gardner-Webb University. It has been accepted for inclusion in The tudeE Magazine: 1883-1957 by an authorized administrator of Digital Commons @ Gardner-Webb University. For more information, please contact [email protected]. AUGUST 1QCQ ETVDE Forau Price 15cents\\ i nVF.BS nf//3>1.50 Per Year lore Presser, Publisher Philadelphia. Pennsylvania THE EDITOR’S COLUMN A PRIMER OF FACTS ABOUT MUSIC 10 OUR READERS Questions and Answers on the Elements THE SCOPE OF “THE ETUDE.” New Publications ot Music By M. G. EVANS s that a Thackeray makes Warrington say to Pen- 1 than a primer; dennis, in describing a great London news¬ _____ _ encyclopaedia. A MONTHLY JOURNAL FOR THE MUSICIAN, THE THREE MONTH SUMMER SUBSCRIP¬ paper: “There she is—the great engine—she Church and Home Four-Hand MisceUany Chronology of Musical History the subject matter being presented not alpha¬ Price, 25 Cent, betically but progressively, beginning with MUSIC STUDENT, AND ALL MUSIC LOVERS. -
Universal Tuning Editor
Universal Tuning Editor Ηπ INSTRUMENTS Aaron Andrew Hunt Ηπ INSTRUMENTS hpi.zentral.zone · Universal Tuning Editor · documentation v11 1.May.2021 Changes from Previous Documentation 5 Current Version, v11 — 1. May 2021 ....................................................................5 Previous Versions ............................................................................................5 Introduction 9 Features List .................................................................................................9 User Interface Basics ......................................................................................11 Maximising the Detail View ..............................................................................12 Maximising the Tuning List ..............................................................................13 Toolbar .......................................................................................................13 Bug Reporting & Feedback ...............................................................................14 Feature Requests ..........................................................................................14 File Handling 15 Preferences ..................................................................................................15 Auto store unsaved projects internally ...............................................................15 Restore external projects at next session ...........................................................15 Prompt to handle each open project -
Listening to String Sound: a Pedagogical Approach To
LISTENING TO STRING SOUND: A PEDAGOGICAL APPROACH TO EXPLORING THE COMPLEXITIES OF VIOLA TONE PRODUCTION by MARIA KINDT (Under the Direction of Maggie Snyder) ABSTRACT String tone acoustics is a topic that has been largely overlooked in pedagogical settings. This document aims to illuminate the benefits of a general knowledge of practical acoustic science to inform teaching and performance practice. With an emphasis on viola tone production, the document introduces aspects of current physical science and psychoacoustics, combined with established pedagogy to help students and teachers gain a richer and more comprehensive view into aspects of tone production. The document serves as a guide to demonstrate areas where knowledge of the practical science can improve on playing technique and listening skills. The document is divided into three main sections and is framed in a way that is useful for beginning, intermediate, and advanced string students. The first section introduces basic principles of sound, further delving into complex string tone and the mechanism of the violin and viola. The second section focuses on psychoacoustics and how it relates to the interpretation of string sound. The third section covers some of the pedagogical applications of the practical science in performance practice. A sampling of spectral analysis throughout the document demonstrates visually some of the relevant topics. Exercises for informing intonation practices utilizing combination tones are also included. INDEX WORDS: string tone acoustics, psychoacoustics, -
Musical Techniques
Musical Techniques Musical Techniques Frequencies and Harmony Dominique Paret Serge Sibony First published 2017 in Great Britain and the United States by ISTE Ltd and John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Apart from any fair dealing for the purposes of research or private study, or criticism or review, as permitted under the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988, this publication may only be reproduced, stored or transmitted, in any form or by any means, with the prior permission in writing of the publishers, or in the case of reprographic reproduction in accordance with the terms and licenses issued by the CLA. Enquiries concerning reproduction outside these terms should be sent to the publishers at the undermentioned address: ISTE Ltd John Wiley & Sons, Inc. 27-37 St George’s Road 111 River Street London SW19 4EU Hoboken, NJ 07030 UK USA www.iste.co.uk www.wiley.com © ISTE Ltd 2017 The rights of Dominique Paret and Serge Sibony to be identified as the authors of this work have been asserted by them in accordance with the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988. Library of Congress Control Number: 2016960997 British Library Cataloguing-in-Publication Data A CIP record for this book is available from the British Library ISBN 978-1-78630-058-4 Contents Preface ........................................... xiii Introduction ........................................ xv Part 1. Laying the Foundations ............................ 1 Introduction to Part 1 .................................. 3 Chapter 1. Sounds, Creation and Generation of Notes ................................... 5 1.1. Physical and physiological notions of a sound .................. 5 1.1.1. Auditory apparatus ............................... 5 1.1.2. Physical concepts of a sound .......................... 7 1.1.3. -
Acoustic Function of Sound Hole Design in Musical Instruments Hadi
Acoustic Function of Sound Hole Design in Musical Instruments by Hadi Tavakoli Nia Submitted to the Department of Mechanical Engineering in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of ARCHIVES Master of Science in Mechanical Engineering MASSACHUSETTS INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY at the SEP 0 1 2010 MASSACHUSETTS INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY LIBRARIES June 2010 o Massachusetts Institute of Technology 2010. All rights reserved. Author ...... Department of Mechanical Engineering May 22, 2010 e A' Certified by ...... .... ................. ................. Nicholas C. Makris Professor Thesis Supervisor Accepted by ........................................... David E. Hardt Chairman, Department Committee on Graduate Theses Acoustic Function of Sound Hole Design in Musical Instruments by Hadi Tavakoli Nia Submitted to the Department of Mechanical Engineering on May 22, 2010, in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science in Mechanical Engineering Abstract Sound-hole, an essential component of stringed musical instruments, enhances the sound radiation in the lower octave by introducing a natural vibration mode called air resonance. Many musical instruments, including those from the violin, lute and oud families have evolved complex sound-hole geometries through centuries of trail and error. However, due to the inability of current theories to analyze complex sound-holes, the design knowledge in such sound-holes accumulated by time is still uncovered. Here we present the potential physical principles behind the historical de- velopment of complex sound-holes such as rosettes in lute, f-hole in violin and multiple sound-holes in oud families based on a newly developed unified approach to analyze general sound-holes. We showed that the majority of the air flow passes through the near-the-edge area of the opening, which has potentially led to the emergence of rosettes in lute family. -
La Gamme De Pythagore Est Fondée Sur Deux Intervalles Géné- Rateurs : La Quinte Et L’Octave Et Ils Sont Incommensurables
Jean-Louis MIGEOT Membre de l’Académie Classe Technologie et Société DES CHIFFRES ET DES NOTES QUAND LA SCIENCE PARLE À LA MUSIQUE ACADÉMIE ROYe ALE des Sciences, des Lettres et des Beaux-Arts DE BELGIQUE DES CHIFFRES ET DES NOTES COLLECTION TRANSVERSALES 1. Jean-Louis MIGEOT, Des chiffres et des notes. Quand la science parle à la musique, 2015. 2. Hugues BERSINI, Quand l’informatique réinvente la sociologie ! (à paraître) JEAN-LOUIS MIGEOT Membre de l’Académie, Classe Technologie et Société DES CHIFFRES ET DES NOTES QUAND LA SCIENCE PARLE À LA MUSIQUE Académie royale de Belgique Crédits Rue Ducale, 1 © Jean-Louis Migeot, pour le texte et les figures 1000 Bruxelles, Belgique (sauf mentions contraires) [email protected] www.academie-editions.be Suivi et couverture : Loredana Buscemi et Grégory Van Aelbrouck, Transversales Académie royale de Belgique Classe Technologie et Société Volume 1 Impression : nº 2108 IMP Printing s.a., 1083 Ganshoren © 2015, Académie royale de Belgique ISBN 978-2-8031-0508-3 Dépôt légal : 2015/0092/25 Ce livre est dédié… À ceux qui savent tout ce que je leur dois. À ceux qui ont tort de douter de ce qu’ils m’ont apporté. À ceux qui ne savent pas encore que je ne suis rien sans eux. À ceux à qui il est trop tard pour exprimer ma reconnaissance. Préface « Sans la musique, la vie serait une erreur », dit Nietzsche… et qui lui donnerait tort ? Des berceuses psalmodiées par nos parents dès notre naissance aux orgues majestueuses qui scelleront peut-être notre passage sur terre, des musiques endiablées sur lesquelles nous dansons aux accords subtils des plus belles sonates écoutées dans le recueillement d’une salle de concert, des bribes de mélodie entendues à la radio au chant de notre voisine sous la douche, de l’intensité d’un récital à l’inattentive perception du décor sonore d’un restaurant, chaque instant de notre vie, du plus solennel au plus anodin, est baigné de musique. -
Music and the Making of Modern Science
Music and the Making of Modern Science Music and the Making of Modern Science Peter Pesic The MIT Press Cambridge, Massachusetts London, England © 2014 Massachusetts Institute of Technology All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced in any form by any electronic or mechanical means (including photocopying, recording, or information storage and retrieval) without permission in writing from the publisher. MIT Press books may be purchased at special quantity discounts for business or sales promotional use. For information, please email [email protected]. This book was set in Times by Toppan Best-set Premedia Limited, Hong Kong. Printed and bound in the United States of America. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Pesic, Peter. Music and the making of modern science / Peter Pesic. pages cm Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 978-0-262-02727-4 (hardcover : alk. paper) 1. Science — History. 2. Music and science — History. I. Title. Q172.5.M87P47 2014 509 — dc23 2013041746 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 For Alexei and Andrei Contents Introduction 1 1 Music and the Origins of Ancient Science 9 2 The Dream of Oresme 21 3 Moving the Immovable 35 4 Hearing the Irrational 55 5 Kepler and the Song of the Earth 73 6 Descartes ’ s Musical Apprenticeship 89 7 Mersenne ’ s Universal Harmony 103 8 Newton and the Mystery of the Major Sixth 121 9 Euler: The Mathematics of Musical Sadness 133 10 Euler: From Sound to Light 151 11 Young ’ s Musical Optics 161 12 Electric Sounds 181 13 Hearing the Field 195 14 Helmholtz and the Sirens 217 15 Riemann and the Sound of Space 231 viii Contents 16 Tuning the Atoms 245 17 Planck ’ s Cosmic Harmonium 255 18 Unheard Harmonies 271 Notes 285 References 311 Sources and Illustration Credits 335 Acknowledgments 337 Index 339 Introduction Alfred North Whitehead once observed that omitting the role of mathematics in the story of modern science would be like performing Hamlet while “ cutting out the part of Ophelia. -
Document About Pitch, Pitch Interval, and Pitch Ratio Representation
Pitch, Pitch Interval and Pitch Ratio Representation Joren Six University College Ghent, Faculty of Music Hoogpoort 64, 9000 Ghent - Belgium [email protected] December 21, 2011 Abstract This document describes how pitch can be represented using various units. More specifically it documents how a software program to analyse pitch in music, Tarsos, represents pitch. Tarsos[3] can be downloaded on http://tarsos.0110.be. This document contains definitions of and remarks on different pitch and pitch interval representations. For good measure we need a definition of pitch, here the definition from [1] is used: The pitch frequency is the frequency of a pure sine wave which has the same perceived sound as the sound of interest. For remarks and examples of cases where the pitch frequency does not coincide with the fundamental frequency of the signal, also see [1]. In this text pitch, pitch interval and pitch ratio are briefly discussed. 1 Pitch & Pitch Interval Representation Since we are interested in a frequency or frequency interval Hertz (Hz), oscilla- tions per second, seems the most appropriate unit. When working with sound this is not always the case. For humans the perceptual distance between 220Hz and 440Hz is the same as between 440Hz and 880Hz. A pitch representation that takes this logarithmic relation into account is more practical for some purposes. Luckily there are a few: MIDI Note Number The MIDI standard defines note numbers from 0 to 127, inclusive. Nor- mally only integers are used but any frequency f in Hz can be represented 1 with a fractional note number n using equation 1. -
Research, Scholarship, and Creativity 2010–2011
GUSTAVUS ADOLPHUS COLLEGE RESEARCH, SCHOLARSHIP, AND CREATIVITY 2010–2011 Gustavus Adolphus College faculty members are ACTIVE SCHOLARS, RESEARCHERS, and ARTISTS who model intellectual engagement for peers, colleagues, and students. THIS VOLUME IS THE THIRD BIENNIAL PUBLICATION prepared by the John S. Kendall Center for Engaged Learning celebrating the outstanding work of the faculty at Gustavus Adolphus College in the areas of research, scholarship, and creativity. Two of the Core Values at Gustavus are “excellence” and “community.” The community of scholars here at Gustavus is built around our highly productive faculty, whose vocation centers on oering a liberal arts education of recognized excellence. The evidence for this claim is found in our assessment of student learning as well as our productivity in research, creativity, and scholarship. I am proud to assert regularly that this faculty embodies the highest standards of teaching and scholarship. Our faculty comprises great teachers, who are eective in the classroom in part because they are also extraordinary scholars—whether that scholarship takes the form of analyzing lab or field research data, or whether the scholarship is found in their artistic and creative output. This booklet celebrates the breadth and depth of our faculty accomplishments as scholars, many of which are collaborations with our students. This student/faculty collaborative research is an important tool for teaching and mentoring our students. We also celebrate and acknowledge the years of service to Gustavus -
Normal College News, December, 1901 Eastern Michigan University
Eastern Michigan University DigitalCommons@EMU EMU Student Newspaper University Archives 1901 Normal College News, December, 1901 Eastern Michigan University Follow this and additional works at: http://commons.emich.edu/student_news Recommended Citation Eastern Michigan University, "Normal College News, December, 1901" (1901). EMU Student Newspaper. Paper 16. http://commons.emich.edu/student_news/16 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the University Archives at DigitalCommons@EMU. It has been accepted for inclusion in EMU Student Newspaper by an authorized administrator of DigitalCommons@EMU. For more information, please contact [email protected]. •· ' ) ' _:.11' • _.! .., t' - ' " 1'°1" 'J ". ' ! �) .t )\U,JS.tam(natlcittt:i,, Yree ·n, . ,> �t:�'. -�,� .>. Jf' � . I "Ii I• l \\! r; �-· ;' ' -. '.Students'�, -··: � ,, .· :. Seu Y�ur',i!Jsf-off, C!o;tht�g' on'd ,S�oe• at- ,:,�p • ·:. �OM�Ag.e. :�10RE , . 9 E. ,Cong.ress SJ. • · ·:l . Ypsllantl• .. :.. • • , f . ' , .' I • ),... ·, .• jJ; , ../ t. I':: L.!o I; 1f' ' r ' I.I. 0 l . }l t' • I � ' ' , . ,." . ---��---·�, -�! .. _· _;:__�"·'--"--'-'� ADVERTISEMENTS On all our Foot Ball Shoes ,ve nrc uow putting the new style cleats as shown in cut. After a thorough tesl last sea son hy a few of the leading players, they uuaoimously declare them the best cleats W. M. SWEET ever put on a shoe. Insist upon having them for your shoes. Everything for Foot Ball Head Harness,Ankle Brace, & 50N Shin Guards. Handsome illustrated Cata logue free. Offers the best facilities for students' trade, as A. G. SPALDING & BROS. Incorporated. they carry a general line of New York Chicail:O Denver Spalding's Official Poot Ball Guide for 1901, edited by Walter Camp.