DOCSLIB.ORG

N N N 2U11/U57825 Al

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
N N N 2U11/U57825 Al (12) INTERNATIONAL APPLICATION PUBLISHED UNDER THE PATENT COOPERATION TREATY (PCT) (19) World Intellectual Property Organization International Bureau (10) International Publication Number (43) International Publication Date ;n n /n 19 May 2011 (19.05.2011) 2U11/U57825 Al (51) International Patent Classification: (74) Agent: LAHRTZ, Fritz; Isenbruck Bosl Horschler LLP, A01K 67/033 (2006.01) C12N 15/63 (2006.01) Prinzregentenstrasse 68, 81675 Munchen (DE). (21) International Application Number: (81) Designated States (unless otherwise indicated, for every PCT/EP20 10/006982 kind of national protection available): AE, AG, AL, AM, AO, AT, AU, AZ, BA, BB, BG, BH, BR, BW, BY, BZ, (22) International Filing Date: CA, CH, CL, CN, CO, CR, CU, CZ, DE, DK, DM, DO, 16 November 2010 (16.1 1.2010) DZ, EC, EE, EG, ES, FI, GB, GD, GE, GH, GM, GT, (25) Filing Language: English HN, HR, HU, ID, IL, IN, IS, JP, KE, KG, KM, KN, KP, KR, KZ, LA, LC, LK, LR, LS, LT, LU, LY, MA, MD, (26) Publication Langi English ME, MG, MK, MN, MW, MX, MY, MZ, NA, NG, NI, (30) Priority Data: NO, NZ, OM, PE, PG, PH, PL, PT, RO, RS, RU, SC, SD, 10 2009 053 469.5 SE, SG, SK, SL, SM, ST, SV, SY, TH, TJ, TM, TN, TR, 16 November 2009 (16.1 1.2009) DE TT, TZ, UA, UG, US, UZ, VC, VN, ZA, ZM, ZW. 10 2009 054 265.5 (84) Designated States (unless otherwise indicated, for every 23 November 2009 (23.1 1.2009) DE kind of regional protection available): ARIPO (BW, GH, 10001476.0 12 February 2010 (12.02.2010) EP GM, KE, LR, LS, MW, MZ, NA, SD, SL, SZ, TZ, UG, 61/308,143 25 February 2010 (25.02.2010) US ZM, ZW), Eurasian (AM, AZ, BY, KG, KZ, MD, RU, TJ, (71) Applicant (for all designated States except US): TM), European (AL, AT, BE, BG, CH, CY, CZ, DE, DK, FRAUNHOFER-GESELLSCHAFT ZUR EE, ES, FI, FR, GB, GR, HR, HU, IE, IS, IT, LT, LU, FORDERUNG DER ANGEWANDTEN LV, MC, MK, MT, NL, NO, PL, PT, RO, RS, SE, SI, SK, FORSCHUNG E.V. [DE/DE]; Hansastrasse 27c, 80686 SM, TR), OAPI (BF, BJ, CF, CG, CI, CM, GA, GN, GQ, Munchen (DE). GW, ML, MR, NE, SN, TD, TG). (72) Inventors; and Published: (75) Inventors/ Applicants (for US only): RODRIGUES — with international search report (Art. 21(3)) MARKERT DOS SANTOS, Gustavo [DE/DE]; Giebel- — before the expiration of the time limit for amending the str. 29, 70499 Stuttgart (DE). DELAROQUE, Nicolas claims and to be republished in the event of receipt of [FR/DE]; Kobisstr. 2, 043 17 Leipzig (DE). SZARDEN- amendments (Rule 48.2(h)) INGS, Michael [DE/DE]; Oselweg 20, 38302 Wolfen- buttel (DE). ULBERT, Sebastian [DE/DE]; Kochstr. 35, 04275 Leipzig (DE). GIESE, Matthias [DE/DE]; Im Schaffher 24, 69123 Heidelberg (DE). 00 o (54) Title: INDUCTION OF GENE EXPRESSION IN ARTHROPODS (57) Abstract: The present invention relates to a method for the production of a gene encoded molecule in an arthropod in vivo, o wherein a nucleic acid comprising a gene encoding said molecule is fed to the arthropod. Furthermore, the present invention re lates to a method for the delivery of a purified nucleic acid to arthropod cells in vivo, wherein the purified nucleic acid is fed to the arthropod. The present invention relates to methods, uses and solutions to introduce heterologous nucleic acids into insects, hi particular, the present invention discloses that DNA may be introduced into insects via an oral route, may be transcribed there and may also be retrieved in the sanguivorous (ecto- and endo-)parasites of the insects. Induction of Gene Expression in Arthropods The present invention relates to the induction of gene expression in arthropods in vivo, especially to the induction of protein expression in insects in vivo. Further, the present invention relates to methods, uses and solutions to introduce heterologous nucleic acids into insects. In particular, the present invention discloses that DNA may be introduced into insects via an oral route, may be transcribed there and may also be retrieved in the sanguivorous (ecto- and endo-)parasites of the insects. Arthropods are a highly diverse group of animals comprising about 80% of all described living animal species. The most important classes of arthropods are hexapoda (which include insects), chelicerata (including spiders, mites and scorpions), Crustacea and myriapoda (Brusca and Brusca 2003). An arthropod may be a pest in agriculture, an ectoparasite on animals, including human, an endoparasite in animals, including human, an epidemiologic vector, a pest destroying property by feeding or contamination or a pest endangering ecological balance. On the other hand, an arthropod may serve as native or agricultural animal feed, as nutrition for humans, as factor to balance an ecosystem or as a source of material susceptible of the industrial utilisation. It is well-known in the art that insect cell cultures e.g. SF-9 or SF-21 cell cultures, are widely used in the art and are capable of producing considerable amounts of a gene encoded molecule, in particular a protein. In contrast, the production of a gene encoded molecule in an arthropod in vivo is still hampered by the problem to incorporate the required nucleic acid in the cells of said arthropod. There is still a considerable lack of capable techniques to enable a nucleic acid to enter into arthropod cells, which is different to the laborious and time consuming manipulation of germ cell lines. Arthropods bear an impermeable barrier, in form of a chitin shield, all over their body surface and are therefore extensively protected from exogenous influences and extensively isolated from the molecular environment. Therefore, the application of a nucleic acid by methods regularly used in the art, such as the use of gene guns (Tang et al 1992), may fail or may be complicated. Furthermore, it is well-known in the art that the use of a nucleic acid, in particular the use of DNA and/or RNA, in vivo does mostly not lead to the desired result. It is well-known that an aforementioned nucleic acid is highly ineffective in in vivo applications in nearly all animal species (Wahren and Liu 2005). It is a common prejudice that this is also true for the use of nucleic acids in living arthropods. There is a need for an efficient and simple method for inducing gene expression in arthropods in vivo. Said efficient and simple method for inducing gene expression in arthropods in vivo may be used to treat arthropodes suffering from a disease or disorder. Or, said efficient and simple method for inducing gene expression in arthropods in vivo may be used to prevent a disorder or disease in arthropodes. There are numerous disorders that may influence the live of insects, particularly bees, in particular bacterial and viral infectious diseases and various parasites. It is also discussed whether monocultures limit the habitat of the insects and, in this context, reduce diversity of species. Or whether the use of pesticides impairs the immune system of bees so that the animals die. Also, the disputed cultivation of genetically modified plants fell into the focus of criticism again. In spring 2007, it was reported from the U.S.A. that approximately 70 percent of the bees from the east to the west coast disappeared tracelessly, designated as "Colony Collapse Disorder" by the experts. Reason unknown. However, the infestation by the Varroa mite (Varroa destructor) remains the major verifiable pest of the honey bee. The mite pest is accompanied by the infection of various pathogenic agents. Some of the strains of this mite have recently developed some resistance against certain active agents that were still effective until now. For this reason, the alarming situation must be approached in an alternative way. Most of the higher organisms have developed a specific defense mechanism that protects them from bacteria, viruses but also parasites. Arthropodes do not have this adaptive immune system of the vertebrates. However, they possess an innate unspecific though highly effective immune system that is based on a cascade of differently inducible components. Just recently, for insects, a humoral as well as a cellular immune system has been described that is regulated by various genes. In this context, a background for the following project description is given. From an economical point of view, the bee is, beside pig and cattle, the third-most important production animal of humans and their pollination activity in agriculture is irreplaceable. In this respect, research and development of biologically safe and highly effective products against the Varroa mite is urgently demanded. As presented in the following, an immunization of the bees against Varroa mites and, in this context, also against Varroa-associated viral pathogenic agents is possible. Until now, it was found that it is possible to downregulate viruses in bees by orally administered dsRNA constructs (Maori et al., Insect Molecular Biology (2009), 18 (1), 55- 60). The introduction of the dsRNA constructs are attributed to a particular transmembrane protein in the bee that is known to enable to translocate dsRNA to the interior of a cell (Aronstein et al., Insect Biochem Mol Biol (2006); 36, 683-693). However, the manufacture and the handling of dsRNA is difficult as it can be degraded easily. Further, there is a need for novel insecticides that are easier to handle and that are associated with lesser side effects for humans and the environment. Previous biological insecticides require a viral or animal vector to introduce toxic gene products in certain insects. Therefore, it was the object of the present invention to provide a method that enables to introduce nucleic acids into insects which method avoids the disadvantages of the state of the art and optionally enables a gene-therapeutic method for insects easily applicable in practice.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • E-News Winter 2019/2020
    Winter e-newsletter December 2019 Photos Merry Christmas and a Happy New Year! INSIDE THIS ISSUE: Contributions to our newsletters Dates for your Diary & Winter Workparties....2 Borage - Painted Lady foodplant…11-12 are always welcome. Scottish Entomological Gathering 2020 .......3-4 Lunar Yellow Underwing…………….13 Please use the contact details Obituary - David Barbour…………..………….5 Chequered Skipper Survey 2020…..14 below to get in touch! The Bog Squad…………………………………6 If you do not wish to receive our Helping Hands for Butterflies………………….7 newsletter in the future, simply Munching Caterpillars in Scotland………..…..8 reply to this message with the Books for Sale………………………...………..9 word ’unsubscribe’ in the title - thank you. RIC Project Officer - Job Vacancy……………9 Coul Links Update……………………………..10 VC Moth Recorder required for Caithness….10 Contact Details: Butterfly Conservation Scotland t: 01786 447753 Balallan House e: [email protected] Allan Park w: www.butterfly-conservation.org/scotland Stirling FK8 2QG Dates for your Diary Scottish Recorders’ Gathering - Saturday, 14th March 2020 For everyone interested in recording butterflies and moths, our Scottish Recorders’ Gathering will be held at the Battleby Conference Centre, by Perth on Saturday, 14th March 2020. It is an opportunity to meet up with others, hear all the latest butterfly and moth news and gear up for the season to come! All welcome - more details will follow in the New Year! Highland Branch AGM - Saturday, 18th April 2020 Our Highlands & Island Branch will be holding their AGM on Saturday, 18th April in a new venue, Green Drive Hall, 36 Green Drive, Inverness, IV2 4EU. More details will follow on the website in due course.
    [Show full text]
  • Cigarette Beetle Lasioderma Serricorne
    Cigarette Beetle Lasioderma serricorne Description QUICK SCAN Adults: These beetles are light brown, 2-3 mm (0.09 inches) long. The elytra (hardened wing covers) are smooth and not striated (rows of pits). The antennal segments are finely serrated (toothed) to the tips. SIZE / LENGTH Adult 0.9 inch (2-3 mm) Eggs: Not readily visible without magnification. Eggs are slightly oval in shape, whitish is color, satin to glossy sheen, and approx 0.2-0.5 mm Eggs 0.019 inch (0.2-0.5 mm) (0.019 inches) long. COLOR RANGE Larvae: Creamy white, C- shaped, very hairy, with a large distinct head, and three pair of thoracic legs. Adult Light brown Larvae Creamy white, very hairy Pupae: Pupal cases are whitish; pupal chambers are created within food material. Life Cycle LIFE CYCLE Females Lays up to 100 eggs The female beetle will lay up to 100 eggs during a 2-4 week life span. Larvae Tunnel for 4-5 weeks Larvae will tunnel through the food product for about 4-5 weeks. The Lifecycle 6-8 weeks average life cycle will take 6-8 weeks depending on humidity and temperature. These beetles are excellent flyers and are most active in the late afternoons. It can only survive in warm buildings in temperate FEEDING HABITS regions. Adults and larvae cause damage. Commonly found in tobacco and Damage and Detection other processed foods such as spices, flour, meal, and dog food. Packages and food products infested with these beetles usually have shot holes where adults have emerged from pupation.
    [Show full text]
  • PESTS of STORED PRODUCTS a 'Pest of Stored Products' Can Refer To
    PESTS OF STORED PRODUCTS A ‘pest of stored products’ can refer to any organism that infests and damages stored food, books and documents, fabrics, leather, carpets, and any other dried or preserved item that is not used shortly after it is delivered to a location, or moved regularly. Technically, these pests can include microorganisms such as fungi and bacteria, arthropods such as insects and mites, and vertebrates such as rodents and birds. Stored product pests are responsible for the loss of millions of dollars every year in contaminated products, as well as destruction of important documents and heritage artifacts in homes, offices and museums. Many of these pests are brought indoors in items that were infested when purchased. Others originate indoors when susceptible items are stored under poor storage conditions, or when stray individual pests gain access to them. Storage pests often go unnoticed because they infest items that are not regularly used and they may be very small in size. Infestations are noticed when the pests emerge from storage, to disperse or sometimes as a result of crowding or after having exhausted a particular food source, and search for new sources of food and harborage. Unexplained occurrences of minute moths and beetles flying in large numbers near stored items, or crawling over countertops, walls and ceilings, powdery residues below and surrounding stored items, and stale odors in pantries and closets can all indicate a possible storage pest infestation. Infestations in stored whole grains or beans can also be detected when these are soaked in water, and hollowed out seeds rise to the surface, along with the adult stages of the pests, and other debris.
    [Show full text]
  • Insect Pest List by Host Tree and Reported Country
    Insect pest list by host tree and reported country Scientific name Acalolepta cervina Hope, 1831 Teak canker grub|Eng Cerambycidae Coleoptera Hosting tree Genera Species Family Tree species common name Reported Country Tectona grandis Verbenaceae Teak-Jati Thailand Scientific name Amblypelta cocophaga Fruit spotting bug|eng Coconut Coreidae Hemiptera nutfall bug|Eng, Chinche del Hosting tree Genera Species Family Tree species common name Reported Country Agathis macrophylla Araucariaceae Kauri Solomon Islands Eucalyptus deglupta Myrtaceae Kamarere-Bagras Solomon Islands Scientific name Anoplophora glabripennis Motschulsky Asian longhorn beetle (ALB)|eng Cerambycidae Coleoptera Hosting tree Genera Species Family Tree species common name Reported Country Paraserianthes falcataria Leguminosae Sengon-Albizia-Falcata-Molucca albizia- China Moluccac sau-Jeungjing-Sengon-Batai-Mara- Falcata Populus spp. Salicaceae Poplar China Salix spp. Salicaceae Salix spp. China 05 November 2007 Page 1 of 35 Scientific name Aonidiella orientalis Newstead, Oriental scale|eng Diaspididae Homoptera 1894 Hosting tree Genera Species Family Tree species common name Reported Country Lovoa swynnertonii Meliaceae East African walnut Cameroon Azadirachta indica Meliaceae Melia indica-Neem Nigeria Scientific name Apethymus abdominalis Lepeletier, Tenthredinidae Hymenoptera 1823 Hosting tree Genera Species Family Tree species common name Reported Country Other Coniferous Other Coniferous Romania Scientific name Apriona germari Hope 1831 Long-horned beetle|eng Cerambycidae
    [Show full text]
  • Style Specifications
    Dispersal Ecology of Insects Inhabiting Wood-Decaying Fungi Mattias Jonsson Department of Entomology Uppsala Doctoral thesis Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences Uppsala 2002 Contents Introduction, 3 Insect movement by flight, 3 Habitat, dispersal and conservation, 4 Dispersal ability of saproxylic insects, 5 Scope of this thesis, 8 Study system, 9 Biology of O. haemorrhoidalis and B. reticulatus, 9 Biology of Cis and Dorcatoma, 10 Results and discussion, 10 Genetic structure of O. haemorrhoidalis and B. reticulatus (Paper I), 10 Colonisation ability of O. haemorrhoidalis and B. reticulatus (Paper II), 11 Pheromones among beetles inhabiting wood-decaying fungi (Paper III), 14 The efficiency of different mate-finding strategies (Paper IV), 16 Implications for conservation, 17 References, 17 Introduction Dead wood has become an increasingly scattered resource in the managed landscape, with the result that many organisms depending on this substrate have become threatened (Gärdenfors 2000; Siitonen 2001). Distribution patterns of several insects associated with dead wood indicate that they are weak dispersers (Økland 1994; Nilsson & Baranowski 1997; Ranius 2000; Siitonen & Saaristo 2000), but few studies have directly assessed the dispersal ability of these species (but see Ranius & Hedin 2001). This thesis is based on investigations in which key features of the dispersal biology of wood-living insects were studied and related to spatial distribution patterns of these species observed in the field. Insect movement by flight Insect movements by flight can be divided into two types (vegetative and migratory) with distinct behavioural characteristics (Dingle 1996; Woiwod et al. 2001). Vegetative movements are essentially explorations for certain resources (e.g. food, shelter, mates, oviposition sites etc.), and are interrupted as soon as the targeted resources are encountered (Dingle 1996; Woiwod 2001).
    [Show full text]
  • Forestry Commission Bulletin: Beetles Injurious to Timber
    FORESTRY COMMISSION BULLETIN No. 9 BEETLES INJURIOUS TO TIMBER BY J. W. MUNRO, Hon. M.A. (Oxon), D.Sc. (Edin.). LONDON: POBLISIIED BY HIS MAJESTY’S STATIONERY OFPIOE To to purchased directly from H.M. STATIONERY" OFFICE at the following addresses r Adastral Uuuse, Kingswuy, Loudon,2 ; W.C.120, Goorgo Street, Ediuburgh; York Street, Manchester; 1, St. Andrew’s Creutout, Cardiff; 15, Donegall Squire West, Belfaat; or through auy Bookseller. 1928. Price Is. 3d. Net. 70—31—9 Forestry Commission ARCHIVE FORESTRY COMMISSION BULLETIN No. 9 BEETLES INJURIOUS TO TIMBER BY J. W. MUNRO, Hon. M.A. (Oxon), D.Sc. (Edin.). LONDON: PUBLISHED BY HIS MAJESTY’S STATIONERY OFFICE To be purchased directly from H.M. STATIONERY OFFICE at the following addL’oases : Ad&stral House, Kiugsway, London, W.C. 2 ; 120, George Street, Edinburgh ; York Street, Manchester; 1, St. Andrew's Creecout, Cardiff: 15, Donegall Square West, Belfast; or through any Bookseller. 19:8 Price Is. 3 d. Net. This Bulletin has been prepared by Dr. J. W. Munro of the Imperial College of Science and Technology, London, lately Entomologist to the Commission, and is one of a series of publications dealing with the destruction and decay of timber. The other Bulletins are to be issued by the Forest Products Research Laboratory (under the Department of Scientific and Industrial Research) and it is understood that one on Dry Rot will be published at an early date. R. L. ROBINSON, Commissioner. Forestry Commission 22, Grosvenor Gardens, London, S.VV.l. January, 1928. (b 3 4 /4 1 7 9 ) q 4 BULLETIN No.
    [Show full text]
  • 64 Part I. Description and Backgrounds of a Polymorphism in the Pine Looper
    64 PART I. DESCRIPTION AND BACKGROUNDS OF A POLYMORPHISM IN THE PINE LOOPER 1. THE OCCURRENCE OF A YELLOW-GREEN POLYMORPHISM IN PINE LOOPER CATERPILLARS IN THE NETHERLANDS 1.1. SOME GENERAL REMARKS ON THE OBJECTS OF STUDY The pine looper, or bordered white, is the only species of the genus Bupalus belonging to the lepidopterous family of the Geometridae. In Europe this moth has been an object of study since the last century, due to its being a very serious pest insect in some parts of the vast area in which it is found. Its food consists of needles of Scots pine, Pinus sylvestris L. The adult has a wing span of 3.5-4.0 cm. The male is dark brown with white or cream patches on the wings. The female has a greyish brown or an orange brown ground colour. Her markings are more or less similar to those of the male, though less distinct. The eggs are green, about 1 mm long, oval, with a shallow depression at the upper side. The first two larval instars are yellowish green, the first instar having a brown head, and the second instar a yellowish brown head. From the third instar onwards the larvae are green, with several disruptive white or yellowish longitudinal stripes both on the body and the head. An extensive description of the larvae has been given by HERREBOUT, KUYTEN & DE RUITER (1963). The pupae are green during the first few days following pupation, after which they become dark brown. The species is univoltine. The moths emerge from the end of May to the end of June.
    [Show full text]
  • Woodworm and Beetle Infestation Solutions from Timberwise
    Woodworm Solutions The Problem The Solution Wood-boring insect attack can cause Timberwise have over three decades structural damage in buildings and is of experience in the treatment of these unsightly. There are a number of insect pests. Our fully trained and wood-boring insects that attack timber experienced surveyors will correctly in properties in the U.K. determine whether treatment is necessary in the first place. The Woodworm is a description commonly wrong identification of the insect can and loosely applied to all wood-boring often lead to costly and unnecessary beetles. solutions. The life cycle of the wood-boring beetle is normally always near Our Surveyors will identify:- completion before most property • The type of insect and extent owners are even aware they have a of the infestation problem. After mating the female beetle will lay her eggs into cracks and • Whether the infestation is on the rough surfaces of the structural active or inactive timbers, which will then hatch and begin tunnelling into the timber. • How much structural damage, if any, has occurred. The number of eggs and larval stage of the beetle will vary according to the Following Inspection species. Larvae will pupate and after several weeks the adult beetles will We shall draw up the correct develop and commence boring their specification for the elimination of the way out of the timber to mate. infestation, and state any special Having mated the female beetle will requirements for difficult pests eg. again lay her eggs on the timber and Death Watch Beetle or House the life cycle starts again.
    [Show full text]
  • Sugar Transporters Enable a Leaf Beetle to Accumulate Plant Defense Compounds
    bioRxiv preprint doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/2021.03.03.433712; this version posted March 4, 2021. The copyright holder for this preprint (which was not certified by peer review) is the author/funder, who has granted bioRxiv a license to display the preprint in perpetuity. It is made available under aCC-BY-NC-ND 4.0 International license. 1 Sugar transporters enable a leaf beetle to accumulate plant defense compounds 2 Zhi-Ling Yang1, Hussam Hassan Nour-Eldin2, Sabine Hänniger3, Michael Reichelt4, Christoph 3 Crocoll2, Fabian Seitz1, Heiko Vogel3 & Franziska Beran1* 4 5 1Research Group Sequestration and Detoxification in Insects, Max Planck Institute for Chemical 6 Ecology, Jena, Germany. 7 2DynaMo Center, Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Science, 8 University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, Denmark. 9 3Department of Entomology, Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, Jena, Germany. 10 4Department of Biochemistry, Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, Jena, Germany 11 Corresponding author: *[email protected] 1 bioRxiv preprint doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/2021.03.03.433712; this version posted March 4, 2021. The copyright holder for this preprint (which was not certified by peer review) is the author/funder, who has granted bioRxiv a license to display the preprint in perpetuity. It is made available under aCC-BY-NC-ND 4.0 International license. 12 Abstract 13 Many herbivorous insects selectively accumulate plant toxins for defense against predators; 14 however, little is known about the transport processes that enable insects to absorb and store 15 defense compounds in the body. Here, we investigate how a specialist herbivore, the horseradish 16 flea beetle, accumulates high amounts of glucosinolate defense compounds in the hemolymph.
    [Show full text]
  • Chapter 8: Pest Management, Prevention and Control
    http://www.natsca.org Care and Conservation of Natural History Collections Title: Pest management, prevention and control Author(s): Pinniger, D. B. & Harmon, J. D. Source: Pinniger, D. B. & Harmon, J. D. (1999). Pest management, prevention and control. In: Carter, D. & Walker, A. (eds). (1999). Chapter 8: Care and Conservation of Natural History Collections. Oxford: Butterwoth Heinemann, pp. 152 - 176. URL: http://www.natsca.org/care-and-conservation The pages that follow are reproduced with permission from publishers, editors and all contributors from Carter, D. & Walker, A. K. (1999). Care and Conservation of Natural History Collections. Oxford: Butterworth Heinemann. While this text was accurate at the time of publishing (1999), current advice may differ. NatSCA are looking to provide more current guidance and offer these pages as reference materials to be considered alongside other sources. The following pages are the result of optical character recognition and may contain misinterpreted characters. If you do find errors, please email [email protected] citing the title of the document and page number; we will do our best to correct them. NatSCA supports open access publication as part of its mission is to promote and support natural science collections. NatSCA uses the Creative Commons Attribution License (CCAL) http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.5/ for all works we publish. Under CCAL authors retain ownership of the copyright for their article, but authors allow anyone to download, reuse, reprint, modify, distribute, and/or copy articles in NatSCA publications, so long as the original authors and source are cited. 8 Pest management, prevention and control D.
    [Show full text]
  • Newsletter 90
    Norfolk Moth Survey c/o Natural History Dept., Castle Museum, Norwich, NR1 3JU Newsletter No.90 November 2016 INTRODUCTION With the flurry of activity through the latter part of the summer, it is easy to forget how cool, wet and frustrating the early part of the season often was. Opinion generally seems to suggest that, while the range of species seen was much to be expected, actual numbers of moths were down on the whole. However, one event during that early period brought the subject of moths to the attention of the media, both locally and nationally. This was the great invasion of Diamond- backed moths, Plutella xylostella, that took place at the very end of May and the first days of June. It would be no exaggeration to say that literally millions of these tiny moths arrived on these shores, with at least one commentator describing it as “...a plague of biblical proportion”. Several of us found ourselves answering queries and calls from a variety of sources in connection with this influx. Despite the dire warnings proffered by some sections of the media - and others, our cabbages weren’t totally obliterated as a result. In fact, the expected boost in numbers resulting from these original invaders breeding here, just didn’t seem to happen. In what might have otherwise been a distinctly average season, it is good to be able to report that twelve new species have been added to the Norfolk list this year. Amazingly, seven of these have been adventives, including one species new for the UK.
    [Show full text]
  • Sugar Transporters Enable a Leaf Beetle to Accumulate Plant Defense Compounds
    ARTICLE https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-021-22982-8 OPEN Sugar transporters enable a leaf beetle to accumulate plant defense compounds Zhi-Ling Yang 1, Hussam Hassan Nour-Eldin 2, Sabine Hänniger 3, Michael Reichelt 4, ✉ Christoph Crocoll 2, Fabian Seitz1, Heiko Vogel 3 & Franziska Beran 1 Many herbivorous insects selectively accumulate plant toxins for defense against predators; however, little is known about the transport processes that enable insects to absorb and store 1234567890():,; defense compounds in the body. Here, we investigate how a specialist herbivore, the horseradish flea beetle, accumulates glucosinolate defense compounds from Brassicaceae in the hemolymph. Using phylogenetic analyses of coleopteran major facilitator superfamily transporters, we identify a clade of glucosinolate-specific transporters (PaGTRs) belonging to the sugar porter family. PaGTRs are predominantly expressed in the excretory system, the Malpighian tubules. Silencing of PaGTRs leads to elevated glucosinolate excretion, sig- nificantly reducing the levels of sequestered glucosinolates in beetles. This suggests that PaGTRs reabsorb glucosinolates from the Malpighian tubule lumen to prevent their loss by excretion. Ramsay assays corroborated the selective retention of glucosinolates by Mal- pighian tubules of P. armoraciae in situ. Thus, the selective accumulation of plant defense compounds in herbivorous insects can depend on the ability to prevent excretion. 1 Research Group Sequestration and Detoxification in Insects, Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, Jena, Germany. 2 Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Science, DynaMo Center, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, Denmark. 3 Department of Entomology, Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, Jena, Germany. 4 Department of Biochemistry, Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, Jena, Germany.
    [Show full text]