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Deep Play, Urban Space, Adolescent Place: a Multi-Sited Study of the Effects of Settings on Adolescent Risk/Reward Behavior

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Deep Play, Urban Space, Adolescent Place: a Multi-Sited Study of the Effects of Settings on Adolescent Risk/Reward Behavior University of New Orleans ScholarWorks@UNO University of New Orleans Theses and Dissertations Dissertations and Theses Spring 5-18-2012 Deep play, urban space, adolescent place: a multi-sited study of the effects of settings on adolescent risk/reward behavior Benjamin A. Shirtcliff University of New Orleans, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarworks.uno.edu/td Part of the Environmental Design Commons, Human Geography Commons, Landscape Architecture Commons, Other Psychology Commons, Social and Cultural Anthropology Commons, Urban, Community and Regional Planning Commons, Urban Studies Commons, and the Urban Studies and Planning Commons Recommended Citation Shirtcliff, Benjamin A., "Deep play, urban space, adolescent place: a multi-sited study of the effects of settings on adolescent risk/reward behavior" (2012). University of New Orleans Theses and Dissertations. 1481. https://scholarworks.uno.edu/td/1481 This Dissertation is protected by copyright and/or related rights. It has been brought to you by ScholarWorks@UNO with permission from the rights-holder(s). You are free to use this Dissertation in any way that is permitted by the copyright and related rights legislation that applies to your use. For other uses you need to obtain permission from the rights-holder(s) directly, unless additional rights are indicated by a Creative Commons license in the record and/ or on the work itself. This Dissertation has been accepted for inclusion in University of New Orleans Theses and Dissertations by an authorized administrator of ScholarWorks@UNO. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Deep play, urban space, adolescent place: a multi-sited study of the effects of settings on adolescent risk/reward behavior A Dissertation Submitted to the Graduate Faculty of the University of New Orleans in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctorate of Philosophy in Urban Studies By Benjamin Shirtcliff B.A. University of Oregon, 1999 B.L.A. Pennsylvania State University, 2004 M.L.A. Pennsylvania State University, 2004 May, 2012 Copyright 2012, Benjamin Shirtcliff ii Acknowledgment “The chief consideration in achieving concrete security of values lies in the perfecting of methods of action. More activity, blind striving, gets nothing forward. Regulation of conditions upon which results depend is possible only by doing, yet only by doing which has intelligent direction, which take cognizance of conditions, observes relations of sequence, and which plans and executes in the light of this knowledge.” John Dewey. The Quest for Certainty (1933), publ. Capricorn Books, 1960. I would never have been able to complete the dissertation without the conversations and criticism provided by my wife, Dr. Elizabeth “Birdie” Shirtcliff. The above quote from John Dewey succinctly describes her contribution. I was fortunate to have had access to an interdisciplinary committee with a wealth of knowledge and experience with urban design, human behavior, research and writing. Their input drastically improved the readability of the document, preventing key conceptual arguments from getting lost. I would also like to acknowledge those teens in New Orleans who remain active shapers of urban life. It is because of their continued use of public space that I was able to write a dissertation looking at the relationship between urban environments and adolescents. I firmly believe that urban planners and designers would benefit by following their lead. iii Table of Contents Index of Illustrations ...................................................................................................................... vi Index of Tables ............................................................................................................................ viii Abstract ...................................................................................................................................... ix Preface ....................................................................................................................................... 1 Chapter 1. Sites, Settings, and Play Activity: What does Deep Play have to do with Adolescent Place in Urban Space? .................................................................................................. 2 Review of the Literature .............................................................................................................. 7 Sites and Urban Space ............................................................................................................... 12 Settings and Adolescent Places ................................................................................................. 28 Youth Activity and Deep Play .................................................................................................. 46 Limitations and Significance ..................................................................................................... 65 Chapter 2. Gleaming the Tube: How can Researchers Access Evidence of Youth Play Behavior? ..................................................................................................................................... 68 Research purpose ....................................................................................................................... 68 Research Setting ........................................................................................................................ 70 Measures: Variables and Coding Strategies .............................................................................. 77 Analysis ..................................................................................................................................... 87 iv Chapter 3. Thrashin’ My City: What do Urban Designers Already Know about These Sites in New Orleans? .............................................................................................................. 90 Urban Context ........................................................................................................................... 90 The Physical Environment ........................................................................................................ 99 Chapter 4. Land Of The Rising Son: What Do Youth Reveal About These Sites as Settings for Play Behavior? .......................................................................................................... 106 Data Collected ......................................................................................................................... 106 Modeling the Data ................................................................................................................... 111 Chapter 5. Sk8 or Die: What Does Watching Teens Skate Teach Designers about Youth and Cities? ....................................................................................................................... 134 Findings ................................................................................................................................... 134 Relevance of Findings to Related Research ............................................................................ 144 Limitations and Future Directions ........................................................................................... 161 Implications ............................................................................................................................. 165 Conclusion ............................................................................................................................... 167 Operationalized Definitions ........................................................................................................ 170 End Notes ................................................................................................................................... 173 References Cited ......................................................................................................................... 182 Vita ................................................................................................................................... 188 v Index of Illustrations Figure 1. The Pancakes on Canal Street, New Orleans, LA ........................................................... 3 Figure 2. Youth shown skateboarding in the Peristyle at City Park. For future reference, the use of the box-bench is an example of temporary appropriation. ....................................................... 20 Figure 3. One Shell Square, New Orleans ................................................................................... 30 Figure 4. Move along kids, move along. ..................................................................................... 31 Figure 5. Mosquito. Image courtesy of http://www.movingsoundtech.com/ ............................... 43 Figure 6. Narrative Flow of Representational Space ................................................................... 50 Figure 7. Examples illustrating scale of risk-taking behavior ..................................................... 81 Figure 8. Illustrations of Prosocial Scale ..................................................................................... 82 Figure 9. Distribution of DV Risk/Reward Scale ........................................................................ 83 Figure 10. Hunter's Field. A partially shade-covered, concrete paradise in a heavily blighted part of New Orleans ............................................................................................................................
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