Mosquitoes in a changing environment Anders Lindström National Veterinary Institute

Tree hole , Aedes geniculatus The One health concept is the realization that we are connected to our environment and that changes in our mosquitoes environment will affect our health through

various mechanisms. One Health and and Health One

House mosquito, pipiens, hatching One Health and mosquitoes Whyitis hard to talk aboutthe future we don't know don't we that know don't we What know don't that we knowWhat we know we thinkthat we What Yellow fever mosquito , Aedes Aedes aegypti The mosquito fauna is changing We know climate change will affect, among other things • Temperature • Precipitation

We also know that the mosquito fauna is changing mosquitoes • New species are establishing in Europe • Native species are changing their distribution

We can see emerging mosquito- and vector- borne infections • West Nile Fever • Dengue • Usutu • Chikungunya • Bluetongue • Malaria

• Schmallenberg • Zika? One Health and and Health One

House mosquito, Culex pipiens larva mosquitoes

One Health Health One and Blue emperor (Anax imperator) found first in 2002 on Gotland

Wasp spider(Argiope bruennichi), found 1989 on Gotland

mosquitoes One Health Health One and The parasitic Tachina ursina was first observed in

Sweden in April 1994 and has spread north

mosquitoes One Health Health One and One Health and mosquitoes in the lastin First Purple observation 1981, emperor years , . Apatura exploded iris What does dragonflies, butterflies and spiders have to do with mosquitoes?

• They are big and easy to mosquitoes recognize • They are all affected by climate change • Who is looking for mosquitoes

and how they are affected? One Health Health One and

Malaria mosquito, Anopheles messeae One Health and mosquitoes transmission of of end Longer What about season seasons the , which pathogens means phenology may bigger . lead of populations at the populations native to higher species? rates of House House mosquito , Culexpipiens , overwintering One Health and mosquitoes pathogens our restthe of What native will the ? mosquitoes Europe higher ? What temperatures meet will new or new happen mean reemerging when for Malaria Malaria mosquito , Anophelesmesseae One Health and mosquitoes How Flooding will that events effect are the calculated flood water to be mosquitoes more Flood water frequent mosquito ? . , Aedes sticticus Aedes One Health and mosquitoes One Health and mosquitoes So,the hunt was on! Trapping in likely habitats for two seasons . Nothing ! One Health and mosquitoes I a In collected mosquito beginning it,of landed of July course , on myon armand while , and it , I was turned having tried out dinner to to be feed with Culex . my modestus family and and ! parents , ”West Nile mosquito ”, Culex modestus One Health and mosquitoes and and Now abundance we are applying of Cx . for modestus funds to in Southern Sweden Southern in determine the distribution ”West Nile mosquito ”, Culex modestus Factors affecting distribution and abundance

of two mosquito species in Camargue

mosquitoes One Health and and Health One One Health and mosquitoes Native mosquitoes should not be not forgotten ! Woodland mosquito , cinereusAedes One Health and mosquitoes Native mosquitoes have significant vector potential! Source:ECDC Mosquito hunt • 166 traps all over the country • To map the Swedish mosquito fauna

• GIS data to connect trap data to habitat

mosquitoes One Health and and Health One Crowdsourcing

Acreto AB - Imports and distributes Mosquito Magnets

- Large customer network in Sweden (~15 000 sold machines) mosquitoes

SVA

- Reaches the customers/owners of the machines through Acreto AB and media - Customers sends a 24h catch sample to SVA

- Acreto/SVA replaces the sent in ”net bags” with a new one to the customers One Health and and Health One Mosquito distribution

Mosquito hunt Model mosquitoes

One Health and and Health One Trap sites Modelled distribution based on vegetation and hydrology Why? • Climate change and globalisation means increased possiblities for mosquito borne disease. •Increased knowledge of mosquito distribution give better

possibilities for modeling of vectors and risk of outbreaks.

mosquitoes One Health and and Health One

Picture from nordrisk.dk! One Health and mosquitoes But , mosquitoes like to travel ! Yellow fever mosquito

Discovered in 1750 by

Swedish traveller and mosquitoes naturalist Fredrik Hasselquist, described

by Linnaeus in 1762. One Health and and Health One

Yellow fever mosquito, Aedes aegypti Yellow fever mosquito

mosquitoes Had already travelled the Atlantic onboard the slave ships. The mosquitoes bred in the water supplies for the slaves and fed on the blood of the slaves.

First outbreaks of Yellow fever in the Caribbean in 1647 and 1648. One Health and and Health One One Health and mosquitoes One Health and mosquitoes Mosquitoes adapt and and use the latest means of transportation ! The Tiger mosquito This mosquito originates from the forests of SE Asia, where it breed in pitcher plants,

treeholes etc.

mosquitoes One Health and and Health One

Tiger mosquito, Aedes albopictus

The Tiger mosquito mosquitoes

In 1960 and Soviet split. Albania chose China over Soviet. This forced Albania to trade with China. One of the products that was shipped to

Europe was tyres. One Health and and Health One The Tiger mosquito

The standing water in the tyres is equivalent to the small bodies

of water found at forest edges mosquitoes that the Tiger mosquito, Aedes

albopictus, breeds in. One Health and and Health One One Health and mosquitoes zika etc. It is Southern TigerThe also a Europe mosquito vector . for chikungunya, dengue, is a serious pest in Tiger mosquito , Aedes albopictus Aedes One Health and mosquitoes everywhere world Since then and and established it has ithas . succesfully itself more travelled or less less or the Tiger mosquito , Aedes albopictus One Health and mosquitoes where Spreading Japanese it breeds rock pool in Europe in flower mosquito . Often vasesgraves. the on found , Aedes japonicusAedes in graveyards .

Japanese Rock Pool Mosquito

mosquitoes One Health and and Health One

mosquitoes One Health and and Health One

Picture: ECDC One Health and mosquitoes the lastthe Schmallenberg Outbreaks And that’s decade just the of Bluetongue . viruses mosquitoes during and …. Biting midge , Culicoides sp. One Health and mosquitoes ”Taiga tick”, Ixodes persulcatus One Health and mosquitoes Spinose ear tick, Otobius megnini

Thank you for listening! mosquitoes Anders Lindström

National Veterinary Institute

[email protected] One Health and and Health One One Health and mosquitoes