RESEARCH ARTICLE The geographic evolution of political cleavages in Switzerland: A network approach to assessing levels and dynamics of polarization between local populations ¤ Shin Alexandre KosekiID * Habitat Research Center, EÂ cole polytechnique feÂdeÂrale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland a1111111111 ¤ Current address: EPFL, BP, Station 16, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland a1111111111 *
[email protected] a1111111111 a1111111111 a1111111111 Abstract Scholarly studies and common accounts of national politics enjoy pointing out the resilience of ideological divides among populations. Building on the image of political cleavages and OPEN ACCESS geographic polarization, the regionalization of politics has become a truism across Northern Citation: Koseki SA (2018) The geographic democracies. Left unquestioned, this geography plays a central role in shaping electoral evolution of political cleavages in Switzerland: A and referendum campaigns. In Europe and North America, observers identify recurring pat- network approach to assessing levels and terns dividing local populations during national votes. While much research describes those dynamics of polarization between local populations. PLoS ONE 13(11): e0208227. https:// patterns in relation to ethnicity, religious affiliation, historic legacy and party affiliation, cur- doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0208227 rent approaches in political research lack the capacity to measure their evolution over time Editor: John Agnew, University of California Los or other vote subsets. This article introduces