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Sunita Mishra-1.Vp Progressive Research 8 (Special) : 474-477 (2013) Society for Sci. Dev. in Agric. and Tech. MARI GOLD CUL TI VA TION : IN COME GEN ER A TION AND HEALTH SE CU RITY FOR SMALL AND MAR GINAL FARM ERS OF BARWANI DIS TRICT Sunita Mishra1, D.K. Jain2 and V.K. Jain3 1Programme Coor di na tor, Krishi Vigyan Kendra, Badwani, (M.P.) 2SMS, Krishi Vigyan Kendra, Barwani, (M.P.) 3MS, Krishi Vigyan Kendra, Ashok Nager, (M.P.) AB STRACT Marigolds were well known and valued by ancient people in India. The bright orange and red colours of marigolds are seen everywhere in daily life of the Indian sub-continent. They are mainly decorative plants and the flowers are used in all kinds of ceremonies including weddings. Marigold has been occasionally used in South Asian medicine. Marigold leaves and flowers in particular have been used for various disorders. Marigold species are being investigated for their potential benefits to health. Now a days, they are being used for treatment of various diseases. The golden colour of marigolds was considered to Family : Calenduleae resemble the colour of the Arya, or honourable people18. Tagetes : The Tagetes marigolds, or the common They are made into garlands and are offered to the gods decorative type, are indeed edible, although they do not and honoured guests, or used to decorate the biers of the possess medicinal properties. The fresh flowers may be dead. They stud cowdung balls which are used to added to salads or used as an edible garnish; they provide decorate rice-powder drawings. In folk-art of eastern India a bitter taste, which can be helpful to balance out an overly they are dried and powdered to produce a yellow colour sweet dish. The Tangerine Gem and the Lemon Gem used to decorate village homes. Essential oils are also varietals are the best-tasting of the Tagetes. Botanical extracted from marigolds for perfumery. names Tagetes erecta (African marigold) and Tagetes Description : Two separate species of plant are known as patula (French marigold) and Tagetes minuta. Family marigolds, both edible, but we will get different results with Compositae, the daisy family (also sometimes known as the two. One is medicinal and not very palatable, the other Asteraceae) makes a nice salad ingredient, but it won’t cure what ails Other Names : Marigold, French marigold, African us. The National Institutes of Health explains that the marigold (English) Sthulapushpa, sandu, ganduga marigold find in most home gardens is of the tagetes (Sanskrit). variety, which is purely ornamental. The marigold variety that delivers health benefits is calendula. The flowers of Chemical Constituents : Flavanoids Have strong the calendula marigold have been used for centuries for anti-inflammatory properties, the University of Michigan their health benefits. Health System reports. Calendula : The most commonly cultivated and used Triterpenoids : May suppress cell fusion and inhibit viral member of the genus is Calendula officinalis. Calendula replication, says the Memorial SloanKettering Cancer marigolds look more like a daisy with an obvious open Center. center. They lack the closely clustered petals of the Carotenoids : Which prevent the body from free decorative marigold and are sometimes referred to as pot radicals.These are lutein and zeaxanthin, often paired marigolds. Calendula should not be confused with other together, and lycopene and Betacarotene. The Linus plants that are also known as marigolds, such as corn Pauling Institute reports that lutein and zeaxanthin are the marigold, desert marigold, marsh marigold, or plants of only antioxidants that are found in the retina of the eye, the genus Tagetes. The name Calendula stems from the where they protect the eye from the development of Latin kalendae, meaning first day of the month, cataracts and macular degeneration. Lycopene is presumably because pot marigolds are in bloom at the reported to reduce the risk of prostate cancer and heart start of most months of the year. The common name disease. High iodine, carotene and manganese, which marigold probably refers to the ‘Virgin Mary’ or its Old promotes skin cell regeneration, has also been found in Saxon name ‘ymbglidegold’, which means ‘it turns with the the plant. sun’. Medicinal use of calendula dates back at least to the 12th century, according to the University of Maryland KVK Intervention : Main role of KVK is technology Medical Center. dissemination through OFTs, FLDs, Literature distribution and training organized for farming community to gain Botanical name : Calendula officinalis reflects the fact higher income with low cast investment. This approaches that the plant seems to be in bloom the first day of each is applied for marigold flower cultivation with method of calendar month. decoration item making through demonstration and trainings programme organized at On / Off campus. KVK Mishra et al., 475 provide seed kit and seedling for Marigold cultivation Spacing : under the monitoring of scientific approach of cultivation. African Marigold : African Marigold: 40 x 30 cm 40 x 30 Farmer : Smt. Lalita Geholot W/o Harinarayan Gehlot, cm Village–Nanni Badwani District-Badwani (M.P.) having 01 sons and 02 daughter and has taken guidance from French Marigold : French Marigold: 30 x 30 cm KVK,Badwani for Flower cultivation and Mala Making for Nutrition Income and Employement generation individually. She 2 has growing Flowers, vegetables and seasonal fruits African Marigold : 5 Kg FYM, N 30g, P 10g, K 10g/m . round the year during Kharif, Rabi and Zaid. Consequently French Marigold : 3 Kg FYM, N 20g, P 10g, K 10g/m2. she has receiving fresh flowers owing to supply of Irrigation : Irrigation at 7-10 days interval during 10 days garlands and buques on demand from Badwani market. interval during September September-November and She saving money by garlands and flower sale in local twice a week November and twice a week during market. Award - Women empowerment award on republic March-June is ideal. June is ideal. day. Social recognition- 20 farm families are also invo lved in flower cultivation and garland making Harvesting of Marigold : Crop duration is about 4 to 5 month. Normally marigold flower can be picked up once in Assessment of African Marigold Indica Yellow (T-1: 3 days after 60 days planting. Local Ganda/T-23 : Indica Yellow) Yield of Marigold : Yield depend upon the type of soil, MATERIALS AND METHODS farm management practices and variety of seed Cultivation of Marigold cultivated. The average yield is about 90 to 140q/ha. African Marigold (Tagetes erecta) : Pusa Narangi Marigold-Traditional Medicine Gainda, Pusa Basanti Gainda, Giant Double African · Blood purification and to reduce blood flow. Orange, Cracker Jack, Crown of Gold, Guinea Gold, · Abdominal cramps and constipation. Double Eagle, Dubloon, Climax, Hawaii, New Alaska and · Spasmolytic and spasmogenic effects Spun Gold. · Culinary and medicinal herb. French Marigold (Tagetes patula) : Pusa Arpita, Butter Ball, Flash, Colour Magic, Janie Gold, Janie Yellow, Star · Petals are used fresh in salads of India, Red Brocade, Rusty Red, Susana and Valencia. · Used to color cheese or as a replacement for saffron. Interspecies Hybrids : Pusa Shankar Pusa Shankar-1, Nugget, Red and Gold, Red 1, Nugget, Red and Gold, · Menstrual discomfort Red Seven Star and Show Boat. · Ulcers Soil and Climate · Varicose veins Marigold can be grown in a wide range of soil. African · Cancer marigold prefers well maured moist soil, while French Marigold-Medicine : Skin care Controlling bleeding, and marigold prefers well drained light soil. The ideal pH for soothing irritated tissue, Bedsores, Skin inflammation, growing marigold is around neutral. sprains and wounds, acne, burns, radiationinduced Marigold can be grown in a wide range of climatic dermatitis, eczema, sunburn, varicose veins, rashes and scars. conditions throughout year except old winters when temperature is less than 10°C. Ideal growing temperature Calendula Products : Topically as an ointment, lotion, ranges from 15 to 35°C. Very high temperature also cream, oil, cooled calendula tea applied as a poultice, or affects adversely growth and flowering. Avoid frost/ orally as a tincture, extract or infusion. chilling injury. Herpes treatment : Calendula Oil and calendula tea is used for herpes infections. 476 Mishra et al., Cancer treatment : Calendula shows some potential for produce a yellow dye, which is sometimes used in place of fighting cancer. A study published in the 2006 issue of saffron to color rice. Calendula petals are also added to BMC Cancer found that an extract of calendula killed salads and soups to give color and flavor. They have been cancerous melanoma cells and stimulated lymphocytes, used to colour pet and livestock foods. the white blood cells of the immune system. Another 2006 Crafts : Marigold flowers are used at many religious study, published in the Journal of Natural Products, found ceremonies and festivals. Strung together they make that two triterpene glycosides in calendula flowers had a colourful garlands and are used as offerings and to toxic effect against colon cancer, leukemia and decorate religious buildings and statues. Plant dyes have melanoma. always been important during the Hindu festival Holi, Ear infections : Calendula has been used for generations although now synthetic dyes are generally used instead. to treat ear infections in children. The herb relieves the But Dyes prepared from plants like marigold are safer18 . pain an ear infection. Cosmetics : Toners and astringents, lip balms, shampoos Calendula Products : Tincture, Ear drops. and baby oil. Insect sting : It has been asserted that a marigold flower, Insect repellent : Calendula also acts as an insect rubbed on the affected part, is an admirable remedy for repellent. Skin creams with calendula can deter the pain and swelling caused by the sting of a wasp or mosquitoes and pests from the skin. HOMEOPATHIC bee20 USES Homeopathic form of calendula is primarily used internally for infections resulting from bacterial skin Joint pains (arthrosis) : Joint pains (arthrosis) are conditions and blood poisoning and fever.
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