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AUDIENCIA PROVINCIAL DE MALAGA SECC. N. 7 De MELILLA - EDIF

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AUDIENCIA PROVINCIAL DE MALAGA SECC. N. 7 De MELILLA - EDIF AUDIENCIA PROVINCIAL DE MALAGA SECC. N. 7 de MELILLA - EDIF. V CENTENARIO TORRE NORTE PLAZA DEL MAR Nº 3, 2ª PLANTA Teléfono: 952698922 213100 N.I.G.: 52001 41 2 2009 0006967 APELACION PROCTO. ABREVIADO 0000079 /2013 Delito/falta: ESTAFA (TODOS LOS SUPUESTOS) Denunciante/querellante: Procurador/a: D/Dª Abogado/a: D/Dª Contra: Procurador/a: D/Dª Abogado/a: D/Dª SENTENCIA Nº 75 EN NOMBRE DE S. M. EL REY ILMOS. SRES. PRESIDENTE: D. JOSÉ LUIS MARTÍN TAPIA MAGISTRADOS: D. MARIANO SANTOS PEÑALVER D. JUAN RAFAEL BENÍTEZ YÉBENES En Melilla a nueve de Diciembre de dos mil trece. La Sección Séptima de la Audiencia Provincial de Málaga, con sede permanente en Melilla, integrada por los Magistrados al margen expresados, ha visto el Recurso de Apelación interpuesto por la Procuradora de los Tribunales Dª. Concepción Suárez Morán, en nombre y representación de EMILIANO, bajo la dirección técnica del Letrado Don José Augusto Moreno Torres, contra la sentencia de fecha 19-6-2.013, recaída en los autos de Juicio Oral tramitados en el Juzgado de lo Penal Uno de Melilla bajo el número 420/12, que dimana del Procedimiento Abreviado 45/12 del Juzgado de Instrucción Uno de Melilla, por delito de estafa. El Ministerio Fiscal se adhirió parcialmente a ese Recurso, en el que ha sido parte apelada el Procurador de los Tribunales Don José Luis Ybancos Torres, en nombre y representación del acusado AUGUSTO, bajo la dirección técnica del Letrado Don Rachid Mohamed Hammu. Ha intervenido como Magistrado-Ponente el Ilmo. Sr. Don José Luis Martín Tapia. ANTECEDENTES DE HECHO PRIMERO.- La meritada sentencia declaró probados los siguientes hechos: “De la prueba practicada en autos ha quedado acreditado y así se declara que: D. Emiliano, facilitó al acusado en fecha no concretada pero en todo caso con anterioridad a 2008, copia de su DNI, de su nómina y su nº de cuenta bancaria, al objeto de que le fuera concedido un préstamo vía telefónica (debido a que al carecer de nómina los bancos de la localidad no se lo concedían), préstamo que se formalizó a nombre de Emiliano por importe de 3000 euros, y cuyas cuotas se cargaban en la cuenta de Francisco, entregándole el acusado mensualmente los pagos para hacer frente a las cuotas que se cargaban en su cuenta, cuotas que ascendían a 100 euros. Con posterioridad, el acusado con fechas 15 de Julio de 2008, efectuó llamada telefónica a un nº de teléfono, al parecer correspondiente a la entidad MBNA, manifestando que acababa de recibir la tarjeta, indicándole la operadora que si era para activar la tarjeta nueva, solicitándole a tal efecto, el DNI, nombre y apellidos, así como la contraseña para hablar con ellos, facilitándole los datos solicitados y que correspondían a D. Emiliano, así como la contraseña kiosko, procediéndose a la activación de la tarjeta, aprovechando para consultarle en dicha llamada si tenía que esperar el nº PIN y si el límite de crédito que tenía era el que ponía la carta de 9000 euros, consultándole si el nº de PIN que había recibido con anterioridad sería el mismo, informándosele por la citada operadora que esa información era confidencial y que fuera al cajero y lo comprobara. Posteriormente el día 16 de Octubre de 2008 efectúa nueva llamada a MBNA, solicitando información sobre la cuota a pagar, dado que el tenía una cuota de 100 euros y por lo visto al haber excedido del límite la tarjeta le habían pasado otra cuota y quería saber lo que le habían pasado ese mes. Para facilitarle la información, el operador le solicita su DNI, nombre y apellidos, así como la contraseña establecida para hablar con ellos, facilitando de nuevo los correspondientes a D. Emiliano, así como la contraseña kiosko, informándole que el próximo recibo, el 2 de Noviembre sería de 214,46 y ese mes le había pasado el 4 de octubre de 226,44 euros y que le estaban pasando los pagos mínimos de 204,41, al tener consumidos ya los 9000 euros, confirmándosele que no tenía crédito en la tarjeta, informándole el operador de las posibilidades de mejorar sus condiciones. Finalmente el día 19 de Enero de 2009, efectúa nueva llamada a MBNA para saber actualmente el saldo que tenía y la cuenta que tenía debido a que le pasaron la cuota hacía 2 días, solicitándole la operadora sus datos DNI, nombre y apellidos así como la contraseña telefónica, facilitándole otra vez los correspondientes a D. Emiliano, interesándose por cual era la cuota que le habían pasado, informándole que le habían pasado el día 16 de Enero, una cuota de 209,68 y que la próxima sería el 2 de febrero por 591´22 euros, encontrándose en ese momento excedida la tarjeta por importe de 722´65 euros. Igualmente en esa llamada solicitó información para acceder de forma on line a BMNA, para solicitar aumento de límite de crédito.” SEGUNDO.- Su Fallo es del siguiente tenor literal: “Que debo absolver y absuelvo a D. AUGUSTO del delito de estafa y usurpación de estado civil por el que venía siendo acusado; declarando las costas de oficio.” TERCERO.- Notificada que fue a las partes dicha Resolución, se interpuso en tiempo y forma contra la misma el aludido Recurso de Apelación por el Acusador Particular, mediante escrito en el que hizo las alegaciones que consideró pertinentes y aquí se dan por reproducidas. En el trámite que se le confirió, el Ministerio Fiscal se adhirió al Recurso, exponiendo en su escrito lo que estimó oportuno e igualmente se dan por reproducido. El acusado se opuso a ambos Recursos realizando las alegaciones que creyó convenientes y también aquí se dan por reproducidas, Seguidamente fue remitida la causa a este Tribunal para su resolución, habiendo tenido entrada en su Secretaría el 7-11-13. CUARTO.- El mismo día recayó diligencia de ordenación de la Sra. Secretaria Judicial acordando formar el Rollo de Sala correspondiente, designar Magistrado-Ponente conforme al turno previamente establecido y pasar las actuaciones a la Sala a los efectos oportunos, la cual por providencia de fecha 12 del mismo mes y año, señaló el día 3 de los corrientes para deliberación, votación y fallo del Recurso, habiendo tenido lugar efectivamente. La composición de la Sala fue notificada a las partes. QUINTO.- En la tramitación de esta alzada se han observado todas las prescripciones legales. No se ha procedido a revisar el juicio de valoración de la prueba llevado a cabo por el Juzgador “a quo”, al ser la sentencia apelada absolutoria, por lo que su relato fáctico ha de quedar inamovible. FUNDAMENTOS DE DERECHO PRIMERO.- Ambos apelantes se han alzado contra la sentencia meritada invocando como único motivo de sus respectivos Recursos error en la valoración de la prueba por parte del juzgado de instancia. El apelado Letrado Sr. Mohamed Hammu se ha opuesto a los dos Recursos, solicitando su desestimación y la confirmación de la sentencia apelada. Hallándonos frente a una sentencia absolutoria apelada por las partes antes mencionadas, en cuyos respectivos escritos, aparte de censurar aquella Resolución, concluyen con al pretensión de que sean estimados sus respectivos Recursos, con la evidente finalidad de obtener una sentencia condenatoria, acorde al interés de cada una de ellas. Así lo suplican en sus escritos, en los que se ha limitado a expresar ese “petitum”, sin haber instado expresa ni tácitamente el recibimiento a prueba en esta segunda instancia. Ante esta tesitura resulta conveniente traer a colación la doctrina ya sentada por el Tribunal Constitucional y por el Tribunal Supremo, de la que es exponente sumamente clarificador la Sentencia de la Sala de lo Penal de este segundo Alto Tribunal número 462/2.013, de 30 de Mayo, Recurso 1.192/2.012. En su fundamento de derecho segundo dice textualmente: “… Al igual que no existe un principio de legalidad invertido que otorgue al acusador un derecho a la condena penal cuando concurran sus presupuestos legales, tampoco existe una especie de derecho a la presunción de inocencia invertida de titularidad del acusador….” La doctrina del Tribunal Constitucional, ha ido evolucionando, desde la STC 167/2002, así como la de esta Sala y siguiendo ambas en este aspecto al TEDH, han establecido severas restricciones a la posibilidad de rectificar en vía de recurso los aspectos fácticos de sentencias absolutorias para consignar un nuevo relato de hechos probados al que unir un pronunciamiento condenatorio contra quien había resultado absuelto en la instancia. Esta jurisprudencia exige desde el derecho a un proceso con todas las garantías, que, cuando las cuestiones a resolver afecten a los hechos, tanto objetivos como subjetivos, y sea necesaria para su resolución la valoración de pruebas personales, es precisa la práctica de estas ante el Tribunal que resuelve el recurso, en consecuencia desde la perspectiva del derecho de defensa, es preciso dar al acusado absuelto en la instancia la posibilidad de ser oído directamente por dicho Tribunal, en tanto que es el primero que en vía penal dicta una sentencia condenatoria contra aquél. En este sentido, el TEDH, desde la sentencia del caso Ekbatani vs Suecia de 28 de Mayo 1988, ha venido argumentando que en aquellos casos en los que el Tribunal que conoce del recurso haya de resolver sobre cuestiones de hecho y de derecho, planteándose en general la cuestión de la culpabilidad o inocencia, no puede, por motivos de equidad del proceso, adoptar una decisión sin la apreciación directa del testimonio del acusado que ha negado la comisión del hecho delictivo que se le imputa, entre otras, SSTEDH de 27 de Junio de 2000, caso Constantinescu vs Rumanía, ap. 55; 1 de Diciembre de 2005, caso Ilisescu y Chiforec vs Rumanía, ap.
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