''This Is the Way''

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''This Is the Way'' ’’THIS IS THE WAY’’ En kritisk diskursanalys om deltagande fans i en populärkulturell subreddit Yosef Newton Examensarbete, 15 hp Strategisk kommunikation 180 hp VT 2021 Abstract ’’This is the way’’ A critical discourse analysis of participating fans in a pop cultural subreddit. Star Wars has since its initial release in 1977, become a pop cultural phenomenon. In the beginning of the franchise, it only consisted of films. Now, almost 40 years later the franchise has become a multimedia experience with many produced spin-offs over the years, such as The Mandalorian (2019). On social media platforms such as Reddit, fans of the universe can discuss intertextual references from the series together with other fans. This study aims to examine how these fans present their opinions regarding the intertextual references and the transmedia extension that is The Mandalorian (2019). Furthermore, it discusses how collective intelligence is built and how this injects meaning to a fan of the franchise. This study mainly consists of a theoretical frameworks popularized by Henry Jenkins, such as transmedia storytelling and participatory culture. Theories on identity, intertextuality and collective intelligence are also used. Critical discourse analysis is the main method of the study, more specifically, Anabela Carvalho’s CDA model for media texts. The results show that Reddit enables participation on different levels, with different types of content. It enables fans to create more value within transmedia fandoms by building on the collective intelligence in the community. The study also shows that fans of transmedia universes, are competent participants who value intertextuality and are like-minded. Keywords: Transmedia, Intertextuality, Participatory Culture, Collective Intelligence, Fandom, Identity Innehållsförteckning 1. Inledning ...................................................................................................................... 1 1.1 Syfte och frågeställningar................................................................................................................ 2 1.2 Bakgrund ........................................................................................................................................ 2 1.2.1 The Mandalorian ..................................................................................................................... 2 1.2.2 Reddit ...................................................................................................................................... 3 1.3 Material och avgränsning ............................................................................................................... 3 2. Teoretiskt ramverk ...................................................................................................... 5 2.1 Transmedialt berättande ................................................................................................................ 5 2.2 Deltagarkultur ................................................................................................................................ 7 2.3 Kollektiv intelligens........................................................................................................................ 7 2.4 Identitet.......................................................................................................................................... 7 3. Tidigare forskning ........................................................................................................ 9 3.1 Om transmedialt berättande .......................................................................................................... 9 3.2 Om deltagarkultur ........................................................................................................................ 10 3.3 Om meningsskapande ................................................................................................................... 11 4. Metod ......................................................................................................................... 12 4.1 Kritisk diskursanalys som metod ................................................................................................. 12 4.1.1 Modell för kritisk diskursanalys ............................................................................................ 13 4.2 Metoddiskussion .......................................................................................................................... 14 5. Analys ........................................................................................................................ 16 5.1 Deltagare....................................................................................................................................... 16 5.1.1 Typ 1 ....................................................................................................................................... 16 5.1.2 Typ 2 .......................................................................................................................................17 5.1.3 Typ 3 ...................................................................................................................................... 18 5.2 Typ av inlägg ................................................................................................................................ 19 5.2.1 Reflektion .............................................................................................................................. 19 5.2.2 Intertextualitet ...................................................................................................................... 20 5.2.3 Deltagarnas analys ................................................................................................................ 22 5.2.4 Transmedialt berättande ...................................................................................................... 23 5.2.5 Spekulation ........................................................................................................................... 24 6. Resultat ...................................................................................................................... 26 6.1 Detta skriver deltagare i Reddit-tråden om The Mandalorian ..................................................... 26 6.2 Typer av deltagare i den digitala miljön ....................................................................................... 26 6.3 Hur konvergens och intertextualitet adresseras av deltagande fans ............................................ 27 6.4 Förslag på vidare forskning .......................................................................................................... 29 Källor ............................................................................................................................. 31 Andra medier ................................................................................................................................... 34 Bilagor ................................................................................................................................................ 36 1 1. Inledning ’’A long time ago in a galaxy far far away.... ’’ Sedan biopubliker såg dessa ord på biografen i filmen A new hope (1977)1 har Star Wars2 varit ett populärkulturellt fenomen. I början var det bara en film, men med åren har filmuniversumet expanderat ut genom flera medier och idag fortsätter berättelsen i tv-serier, serietidningar, böcker, tv-spel och nöjesparker. Sedan Disney köpte varumärket 2012 har de byggt upp Star Wars som ett transmedialt universum och hösten 2019 lanserade de sin nya streamingtjänst Disney+ tillsammans med The Mandalorian, en spin-off-tv-serie som utspelar sig i Star Wars-universumet. Den har blivit en av världens mest populära serier och har förbipasserat andra stora moderna serier i popularitet, exempelvis Game of Thrones och Stranger Things (Forbes, 2019). There’s not just one Star Wars but many Star Wars, which is why I think the ancillary properties or transmedia extensions become so interesting to study - Henry Jenkins (2018: 18) Jenkins fastslår att det som gör Star Wars till ett intressant varumärke för utforskning av transmediala egenskaper, är nivån av hängivenhet som krävs från fans (Hassler-Forest, Jenkins, 2018). Det går att argumentera för att det är betydligt svårare att vara ett fan av ett transmediala varumärkens universum, då dessa varumärken kräver kompetenta fans som hänger med genom medierna (jfr Jenkins, 2011). Vad som intresserar mig är hur fiktiva universum inspirerar hängivenhet och fankultur. Publiker har med åren gått från passiva observatörer till aktiva deltagare. Henry Jenkins ställer sig kritisk mot idéen om publiker som passiva. Han ser dem som nödvändiga aktiva aktörer i den samtida deltagarkulturen (Jenkins 2006: 3). Vidare kan deltagarkultur vara ett sätt för publiker att bygga på en kollektiv intelligens genom att addera och bidra till informationsflöden (Jenkins 2006: 4-6). Jenkins (2013) hävdar att digitala medier ger publiker verktyg till att kunna skapa och sprida innehåll. På plattformar som Reddit kan fans mötas för att diskutera gemensamma intressen genom att dela med sig av tankar i form av skrift, men även i bilder. Tidigare forskning har främst fokuserat på att undersöka transmediala varumärken och produkter från företagens perspektiv. Denna studie ämnar därför observera fenomenet från ett annat håll: fansens. 1 Alla titlar kopplade till Star Wars presenteras
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