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Power Surges & Lightning Safety

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Power Surges & Lightning Safety 9/10/2020 POWER SURGES Mike Grosso – Loss Control Consultant, CPSI, WES & LIGHTNING SAFETY Chad Ziesmer – Property Claims Adjuster 1 OBJECTIVES • Definitions & General Information • Claims Trends • Lightning Quiz • Lightning Information • Facility Power Surge Protection • Claims Procedures • Personal Protection & Crowd Control 2 1 9/10/2020 POWER SURGE • A transient source of increased voltage o Merriam Webster: Transient - passing especially quickly into and out of existence • They are not safe for your facilities and can find a variety of routes into your buildings • A typical power surge can send increased voltage (500 to 1,000 volts) through any cable, line or wire that connects your equipment to the outside world 3 POWER SURGE • A power surge can disrupt software, delete data, destroy circuitry, etc. o According to the Insurance Information Institute, there was an estimated $1.7 trillion dollars in DATA lost due to lightning and power surges in 2018 • For school districts, that can mean downtime, the expense of replacing equipment, even a possible fire caused by overloaded power strips and electric panels • High insurance claims 4 2 9/10/2020 WHAT CAUSES A POWER SURGE? • The #1 source of power surges is lightning o According to the Insurance Information Institute, in 2018, nearly $1 billion in lightning claims were paid to homeowners and business policyholders • A single bolt of lightning can deliver more than 100,000 volts of electricity • It can travel up to three miles in the ground to find the path of least resistance 5 TOP 4 PROPERTY CLAIMS: 7/1/2018 TO 2/26/2020 Policy Period Total Incurred Claim Count Water Damage $4,756,050 172 Lightning Strikes $1,873,088 140 Freeze Damage $3,618,061 101 Fire Damage $3,844,715 23 TOTALS $14,091,914 436 6 3 9/10/2020 POWER SURGE • Once in your building, a power surge can travel through any conductive material, such as copper electrical wires, data cables, phone lines, even plumbing and ductwork • It can jump between those systems in dramatic and extremely dangerous electric arcs 7 POWER SURGES CAN ALSO COME FROM… • Local utility companies during switching operations • Unintentional grounding such as a downed power line • Switching on large equipment such as A/C or boilers 8 4 9/10/2020 BROWN OUT • A brown out is a temporary loss of power and can be caused by: o Extremely high use of equipment at one time o A drain of power from a local contractor or power source • A surge can result when power is trying to restore 9 POWER LOSS • A loss of power is a sudden stop of all electricity and can be caused by: o Lightning strike hitting a local transformer or power line o Human error such as a construction company cutting a power line o Local utility company cutting power for maintenance purposes o Shutting off main breakers • Both a surge or brown-out can result when power is reactivated 10 5 9/10/2020 TYPES OF POWER SURGE CLAIMS • Loss of food • Control switch burned • Surge caused fire • Transformer • Refrigeration units • Surge arc caused fire in control room malfunctioned damaged • Smart board damaged by lightning • Fire alarm damaged • Power surge damaged computers • Boiler computer system damaged • HVAC blew out • Employee hit by lightning • I/T classroom TVs damaged by power • Tree hit by lightning surge • City wide outage blew • Elevator damage alarm system • Air handler controllers knocked out • Facility equipment • Brown out caused • One leg of power went out damage computer damage 11 EXAMPLES FRIED WIRING BURNT MOTOR 12 6 9/10/2020 LIGHTNING QUIZ 13 LIGHTNING SAFETY QUIZ Where is the safest place to be during a lightning storm? A. In a car B. In the middle of a field C. In a house D. Lying face down on the ground 14 7 9/10/2020 ANSWER C. A house or building is the safest place to be during an electrical storm. Besides the overhead protection, the metal plumbing and wiring in the walls of the building form a protective barrier. 15 LIGHTNING SAFETY QUIZ Using a telephone during a lightning storm is dangerous? • True • False 16 8 9/10/2020 ANSWER True. Lightning can strike telephones and electrical wires and travel into your building through your phone cord, into your telephone and to the handset resulting in a SHOCK! Cordless phones are not dangerous because there is no physical connection to the wires. 17 LIGHTNING SAFETY QUIZ A car is a safe place to be in an electrical storm because it has rubber tires? • True • False 18 9 9/10/2020 ANSWER False. Cars are safer than being outdoors, but it is not the tires that protect you! It is the metal surrounding you that affords the protection. Lightning, will travel only on the surface of enclosed metal objects. So while your car may be hit by lightning, if you stay inside, you should be safe. 19 LIGHTNING SAFETY QUIZ The average number of lightning strikes in the U.S annually is? A. 750,000 B. 5 million C. 15 million D. 25 million 20 10 9/10/2020 ANSWER D. The correct answer is 25 million. 21 LIGHTNING SAFETY QUIZ What is the average number of people who die in the United States each year from being struck by lightning? A. 10 B. 100 C. 1,000 D. 100,000 22 11 9/10/2020 ANSWER B. About 100 people die each year in the United States as the result of being struck by a lightning bolt. 23 LIGHTNING SAFETY QUIZ The greatest number of people who die from being struck by lightning are? A. Golfers B. Fisherman C. Farmers D. Joggers 24 12 9/10/2020 ANSWER C. 29% are farmers, 19% are golfers, and nearly 15% are fisherman. 25 LIGHTNING SAFETY QUIZ The type of tree that lightning strikes the most is? A. Willow B. Oak C. Pine D. Red Wood E. None of the above 26 13 9/10/2020 ANSWER B. The oak tree has very deep roots and holds the most water, therefore providing the least resistance of travel. 27 • When lightning strikes a tree, it is so hot that it immediately steams the tree’s water causing extreme damage and or fire. • A single stroke of lightning can be 55,000 degrees which is five times hotter than the surface of the sun. 28 14 9/10/2020 29 WHAT IS LIGHTNING? • A high energy arc explosion resulting in a static electricity discharge. • This is caused by a positive and negative force that are drawn together. 30 15 9/10/2020 TWO BASIC TYPES Negative Lightning - Comes from the ground up and can reach over five miles away. This is the type of lightning we see most, which is about 1 to 2 inches in diameter. 31 TYPES OF LIGHTNING Positive Lightning – Comes from the sky down and can reach 50 to 60 miles away. This lightning can be more than two-feet in diameter and be very dangerous or deadly. 32 16 9/10/2020 TYPES OF LIGHTNING There are also other types of lightning that are not as common such as: • Sheet Lightning (Heat Lightning) – This is lightning that is staying inside the clouds, arcing from one side to the other or from one cloud to another. • Ball Lightning – This is lightning that stays charged inside a cloud and roams like a bouncing ball. 33 SO WHAT NOW? 34 17 9/10/2020 According to the NFPA 780, Standard for the Installation of Lightning Protection Systems: B.1.2 Parts of structures most likely to be struck by lightning are those that project above surrounding parts, such as chimneys, ventilators, flagpoles, towers, water tanks, steeples, deck railings, shaft houses, gables, skylights, dormers, ridges, and parapets. The edges and corners of the roof are the parts most likely to be struck on flat or gently sloping roofed buildings. 35 For school districts, this could also include: • Chimney Stacks • Trees • Rooftop HVAC Units • Power Lines • Flagpoles • Grandstand Bleachers • Stadium Lights & Poles • Greenhouses • Radio Towers • Wind Turbines • Marching Band Towers • Solar Panels • Skylights • Parapets • AND EVEN……… 36 18 9/10/2020 PLAYGROUND EQUIPMENT 37 HOW CAN YOU PROTECT YOURSELF? 38 19 9/10/2020 HOW CAN YOU PROTECT YOURSELF? • Call a licensed electrical contractor • Lightning Protection Institute – lightning.org 39 LIGHTNING RODS OR CONDUCTORS • The best time to design a lightning protection system for a structure is during the structure’s design phase, and the best time to install the system can be during construction. • System components can be built in to be protected from mechanical displacement and environmental effects. Generally, it is less expensive to meet lightning protection requirements during construction. 40 20 9/10/2020 LIGHTNING SURGE PROTECTION • B.2.1 Lightning protection systems consist of the following three basic parts that provide the low impedance metal path required: (1) A system of strike termination devices on the roof and other elevated locations (2) A system of grounding electrodes (3) A conductor system connecting the strike termination devices to the grounding electrodes 41 LIGHTNING ROD CONDUCTORS • B.4.2 Conductors should be installed to offer the least path of resistance. The most direct path, without sharp bends or narrow loops, is best. There should be at least two paths to the ground if practicable. • B.4.7 When a lightning conductor system is placed on a building, where there are metal objects of considerable size within a few feet, there will be a tendency for sparks or side flashes to jump between the metal object and the conductor. To prevent damage, interconnecting conductors should be provided at all places where side flashes are likely to occur.
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