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Technologie Pro Webcast VYSOKÉ UČENÍ TECHNICKÉ V BRNĚ BRNO UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY FAKULTA ELEKTROTECHNIKY A KOMUNIKAČNÍCH TECHNOLOGIÍ ÚSTAV TELEKOMUNIKACÍ FACULTY OF ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING AND COMMUNICATION DEPARTMENT OF TELECOMMUNICATIONS TECHNOLOGIE PRO "WEBCAST" BAKALÁŘSKÁ PRÁCE BACHELOR'S THESIS AUTOR PRÁCE MILAN ŠVEHLÁK AUTHOR BRNO 2015 VYSOKÉ UČENÍ TECHNICKÉ V BRNĚ BRNO UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY FAKULTA ELEKTROTECHNIKY A KOMUNIKAČNÍCH TECHNOLOGIÍ ÚSTAV TELEKOMUNIKACÍ FACULTY OF ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING AND COMMUNICATION DEPARTMENT OF TELECOMMUNICATIONS TECHNOLOGIE PRO "WEBCAST" TECHNOLOGY FOR WEBCAST BAKALÁŘSKÁ PRÁCE BACHELOR'S THESIS AUTOR PRÁCE MILAN ŠVEHLÁK AUTHOR VEDOUCÍ PRÁCE doc. Ing. VÁCLAV ZEMAN, Ph.D. SUPERVISOR BRNO 2015 VYSOKÉ UČENÍ TECHNICKÉ V BRNĚ Fakulta elektrotechniky a komunikačních technologií Ústav telekomunikací Bakalářská práce bakalářský studijní obor Teleinformatika Student: Milan Švehlák ID: 153276 Ročník: 3 Akademický rok: 2014/2015 NÁZEV TÉMATU: Technologie pro "webcast" POKYNY PRO VYPRACOVÁNÍ: Prostudujte a popište možné metody webcast. Jednotlivé metody porovnejte, zhodnoťte jejich výhody a nevýhody a uveďte potřebné technické vybavení pro realizaci včetně SW nástrojů. Na základě uvedeného rozboru navrhněte a realizujte řešení pro streaming audiovizuálních přenosů v definované kvalitě obrazu a zvuku. DOPORUČENÁ LITERATURA: [1] NILSSON, Frederik. Intelligent Network Video : Understanding Modern Video Surveillance Systems. Har/Dvdr edition. [s.l.] : CRC Press, 2008. 416 s. ISBN 1420061569, 978-1420061567. [2] MINOLI, D.: IP multicast with aplications to IPTV and mobile DVB-H. Hoboken: John Wiley and Sons, xvi, 2008, 357 s. ISBN 978-0-470-25815-6. Termín zadání: 9.2.2015 Termín odevzdání: 2.6.2015 Vedoucí práce: doc. Ing. Václav Zeman, Ph.D. Konzultanti bakalářské práce: doc. Ing. Jiří Mišurec, CSc. Předseda oborové rady UPOZORNĚNÍ: Autor bakalářské práce nesmí při vytváření bakalářské práce porušit autorská práva třetích osob, zejména nesmí zasahovat nedovoleným způsobem do cizích autorských práv osobnostních a musí si být plně vědom následků porušení ustanovení § 11 a následujících autorského zákona č. 121/2000 Sb., včetně možných trestněprávních důsledků vyplývajících z ustanovení části druhé, hlavy VI. díl 4 Trestního zákoníku č.40/2009 Sb. ABSTRAKT Tato bakalářská práce pojednává o technologiích pro tvorbu webcastu a možných meto- dách pro jeho uskutečnění. Na úvod jsou zde rozepsány teoretické poznatky o přenosu multimédií po internetu. Poté následuje výčet základních metod pro webcast. V dalších částech práce jsou jednotlivé metody blíže popsány, uvedeny jejich výhody a nevýhody a porovnány. Tato práce také pojednává o hardwarových a softwarových nástrojích, nut- ných k realizaci webcastu. Dále je uveden návrh nejvhodnější metody pro uskutečnění webcastu vzhledem ke stanoveným požadavkům a následně je provedena jeho realizace. KLÍČOVÁ SLOVA Webcast, streamování, IP multicast, webová kamera, IP kamera, streamovací server, MPEG, H.26x. ABSTRACT This bachelor’s thesis discusses technology for creating webcast and possible methods for its implementation. To begin with, there is mentioned theoretical knowledge about the transmission of multimedia over the Internet. This is followed by a list of basic methods for webcast. In the following parts, these various methods are described in detail with their advantages and disadvantages and they are compared. This thesis also discusses the hardware and software tools necessary for implementing the webcast. Finally, there is a design suggestion for the most appropriate method for making a webcast with respect to the stipulated requirements and subsequently made its implementation. KEYWORDS Webcast, streaming, IP multicast, web camera, IP camera, streaming server, MPEG, H.26x. ŠVEHLÁK, Milan Technologie pro „webcast“: bakalářská práce. Brno: Vysoké učení technické v Brně, Fakulta elektrotechniky a komunikačních technologií, Ústav telekomu- nikací, 2015. 72 s. Vedoucí práce byl doc. Ing. Václav Zeman, CSc. PROHLÁŠENÍ Prohlašuji, že svou bakalářskou práci na téma „Technologie pro „webcast““ jsem vy- pracoval(a) samostatně pod vedením vedoucího bakalářské práce a s použitím odborné literatury a dalších informačních zdrojů, které jsou všechny citovány v práci a uvedeny v seznamu literatury na konci práce. Jako autor(ka) uvedené bakalářské práce dále prohlašuji, že v souvislosti s vytvoře- ním této bakalářské práce jsem neporušil(a) autorská práva třetích osob, zejména jsem nezasáhl(a) nedovoleným způsobem do cizích autorských práv osobnostních a/nebo ma- jetkových a jsem si plně vědom(a) následků porušení ustanovení S 11 a následujících autorského zákona č. 121/2000 Sb., o právu autorském, o právech souvisejících s právem autorským a o změně některých zákonů (autorský zákon), ve znění pozdějších předpisů, včetně možných trestněprávních důsledků vyplývajících z ustanovení části druhé, hlavy VI. díl 4 Trestního zákoníku č. 40/2009 Sb. Brno . ................................... podpis autora(-ky) PODĚKOVÁNÍ Rád bych poděkoval vedoucímu bakalářské práce panu doc. Ing. Václavu Zemanovi, Ph.D. za odborné vedení, konzultace, trpělivost a podnětné návrhy k práci. Brno . ................................... podpis autora(-ky) OBSAH Úvod 10 1 Přenos multimedií po internetu 11 1.1 IP multicast . 11 1.1.1 Protocol Independent Multicast (PIM) . 13 1.1.2 Internet Group Management Protocol (IGMP) . 14 1.2 Protokoly podporující multimediální přenosy . 14 1.3 Datové formáty pro streamování . 15 1.3.1 Windows media . 15 1.3.2 QuickTime . 16 1.3.3 RealMedia . 16 1.3.4 Flash Video . 16 1.4 Komprese digitálního videa . 16 1.4.1 Standardy MPEG . 17 1.4.2 Standardy H.26x . 18 2 Metody pro webcast 20 2.1 Princip uskutečnění webcastu . 20 2.2 IP kamera s integrovaným webem . 20 2.3 S využitím media serveru . 21 2.4 S využitím FTP serveru . 22 2.5 S využitím poskytovatele služby streamování . 23 3 Softwarové nástroje 25 3.1 Zpracování obrazu a generování streamu . 25 3.1.1 Open Broadcaster Software . 25 3.1.2 XSplit Broadcaster . 25 3.1.3 VLC media player . 27 3.1.4 IP Webcam . 28 3.2 Media servery . 29 3.2.1 Adobe Media Server 5 . 29 3.2.2 Wowza Streaming Engine 4 . 30 3.2.3 Red5 . 31 3.2.4 Nginx s RTMP modulem . 32 3.2.5 Darwin Streaming server . 32 3.2.6 FTP server FilleZilla . 33 3.3 Klienti . 34 3.3.1 VLC media player . 34 3.3.2 Adobe Flash Player . 34 3.3.3 JW player . 35 3.3.4 HTML5 prohlížeče . 35 3.3.5 THEOplayer . 35 4 Hardwarové komponenty 37 4.1 Kamery . 37 4.1.1 IP kamery . 37 4.1.2 Webkamery . 38 4.2 Síťové enkodéry s videoserverem . 39 5 Popis metod pro webcast 41 5.1 Odesílání snímků na FTP server . 41 5.2 IP kamera s integrovaným webem . 41 5.3 S využitím media serveru . 42 5.4 Využítí poskytovatele služby streamování . 43 5.5 Porovnání metod . 45 6 Návrh řešení pro webcast 47 7 Realizace 50 7.1 Snímání obrazu a zvuku . 50 7.1.1 Pomocí IP kamery . 50 7.1.2 Pomocí webkamery . 51 7.2 Media server a Web server . 51 7.2.1 Wowza Streaming Engine 4.1.2 . 52 7.2.2 Nginx RTMP module . 55 7.3 Webový portál . 59 7.4 Síťové zapojení realizovaného řešení . 62 7.5 Zátěžový test a měření . 62 8 Závěr 65 Literatura 67 Seznam symbolů, veličin a zkratek 70 Seznam příloh 71 A Obsah přiloženého CD 72 SEZNAM OBRÁZKŮ 1.1 Směrování v multicastu . 12 2.1 Princip uskutečnění webcastu . 20 2.2 Síťové schéma zapojení IP kamery . 21 2.3 Síťové schéma zapojení s media serverem . 22 2.4 Síťové schéma zapojení s FTP serverem . 22 2.5 Síťové schéma s využitím poskytovatele . 23 3.1 Prostředí programu Open Broadcaster Software. 26 3.2 Prostředí programu XSplit Broadcaster. 27 3.3 Tvorba streamu v programu VLC media player. 28 3.4 Webové rozhraní severu Adobe Media Server. 30 3.5 Webové rozhraní severu Wowza Streaming Engine. 31 4.1 Venkovní IP kamera (Axis 1765-LE). Převzato z [4] . 38 4.2 Webkamera (Logitech C920). Převzato z [17]. 39 4.3 Síťový enkodér s videoserverem (AXIS Q7404). Převzato z [25]. 40 5.1 Nabídka profilů v programu Open Broadcaster Software. 44 5.2 Zobrazení webcastu na serveru poskytovatele (twitch.tv). 45 6.1 Blokové schéma řešení webcastu s media serverem. 47 7.1 Tabulka Incoming Streams v prostředí Wowza Streaming Engine Ma- nager. 54 7.2 Ukázka webové stránky pro přehrávání webcastu. 60 7.3 Schéma propojení prvků v realizaci. 64 SEZNAM TABULEK 1.1 Rozlišení a jejich označení . 19 3.1 Přehled softwarů pro generování streamu. 29 3.2 Přehled softwarů pro tvorbu media a FTP serveru. 33 3.3 Přehled softwarů pro přehrávání streamu. 36 5.1 Porovnání metod pro webcast . 46 7.1 Výsledky měření . 62 ÚVOD Tato práce se věnuje v dnešní době velmi populární a užitečné internetové službě, a to „webcastu“. Za „webcast“ je považováno přenášení obrazu a zvuku přes World Wide Web pomocí streamovacích technologií, z jednoho obsahového zdroje k mnoha uživatelům. Tato multimédia jsou přenášena buď živě (anglicky live stream) nebo „na vyžádání“ (anglicky Video On Demand (VOD)). Termín na „na vyžádání“ znamená, že si uživatel může médium přehrát kdykoli chce, nezávisle na programu vysílání. Webcast je v podstatě internetovým ekvivalentem pro klasické rádiové či televizní vysílání. Při webcastu je zajištěna i určitá míra interaktivity často formou chatu, kde mohou diváci komunikovat jak mezi sebou, tak i s tvůrcem multimediálního obsahu (například školitelem). V dnešní době, stále se zvyšující dostupnosti širokopásmových internetových při- pojení do domácností a mobilních zařízení, má již většina uživatelů možnost sledo- vat multimediální přenosy z nejrůznějších kulturních či sportovních akcí a to často i v kvalitě převyšující kvalitu televizního vysílání. A nejen to, můžeme se i sami stát zdrojem webcastu a vytvořit tak svůj „vlastní televizní kanál“. Tato možnost otevřela dveře spoustě talentovaným lidem představit se světu a stát se úspěšnými „broadcastery“ s využitím běžných prostředků. Webcast také najde široké využití ve vzdělávání ať už přenosem z přednášek nebo pomocí video lekcí přenášených od učitele ke skupině studentů, což přináší jak úsporu času tak i prostředků pro cestování. Bakalářská práce se tedy zabývá možnostmi řešení přenosu obrazu a zvuku od zdroje ke koncovému uživateli formou webcastu, jejich popisem a porovnáním.
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