KAJJANSI JUNCTION Sustainable regeneration of Kampala’s future second metropolitan node

REPORT on strategy stage - financed by rvo

January 2017 KAJJANSI JUNCTION Sustainable regeneration of Kampala’s future second metropolitan node

REPORT on strategy stage - financed by rvo

Content

Introduction to Kajjansi Junction Programme 04

Chapter 1: Overall Goal, Objective and strategy of programme 10

Chapter 2: Structural Spatial Development Framework 14

Chapter 3: Learning Living Lab 30

Chapter 4: Capacity development programme 50

Colophon 56

2 3 introduction to kajjansi junction programme

4 5 This report reflects the activities and results of the strategy phase of the Kajjansi The preparation stage of the programme was highly participatory, with the Junction Programme, which was partly financed by the Dutch Enterprise Agency relevant stakeholders fully involved in the process of project identification. Two (RVO) and partly by the Dutch Fund for Creative Industries (StiFo). missions took place in 2015 and another two in the first half of 2016 to set the main outline for the programme and gain commitment from the most relevant public Both agencies supported the crucial strategy stage of the Kajjansi Junction and private stakeholders. programme, a multi-annual initiative that aims to develop a fast growing urban area in Uganda in such a way, that it creates value for the local businesses and The finance of RVO was requested to take the programme to a crucial next level communities and at the same time reduces the environmental footprint of the and realise the following objectives: area. 1. Joint definition and agreement upon the main ingredients of an integral spatial development strategy with inclusive, circular business cases that: a. form solutions to the challenges in and around the Kajjansi market area; b. create new business opportunities for Dutch enterprises with expertise in sustainable urban development. 2. Establishment of the concept of learning living lab and further development of the sustainable business opportunities in the area. 3. Establishment of the governance of the programme by installing a Programme Steering Committee and agreement upon their Terms of Reference and needed capacity.

The proposal for the Dutch Fund for Creative Industry was approved in November 2016 and is being used to further fine-tune the integrated spatial strategy, with emphasis on the various design typologies for the market and its surroundings.

The Kajjansi Junction Programme also aims to demonstrate 1) how African cities can adopt a more inclusive and circular development model and 2) how Netherlands Inc. can contribute to this with our “Sustainable Urban Delta “ approach (part of Holland Branding).

Preparations for this programme started already in October 2015, when the Ugandan Local Government Association (ULGA), the umbrella organisation of all local governments in Uganda, requested a team of CSR Netherlands to support them in gaining insight in sustainable urban development models that benefit people, environment and local economy.

To further explore these new urban models, a pilot area was selected ( Kajjansi) and a joint Ugandan and Dutch expert team was put together consisting of: ULGA, Uganda: Facility and process support DASUDA, Netherlands: Urban, spatial and mobility expertise TwentyOne, Netherlands: Sustainable value creation, multistakeholder management and overall process management

Kajjansi Strategy endorsment

6 7 Summary of main results of the Strategy Stage1

Achieved activities and results between October 2016 and January 2017

In the following chapters the results are described in detail, giving attention to: 1. The outline for the strategy and structural spatial development framework: chapter 1 and 2 2. The progress of the business cases in the context of the learning living lab: chapter 3 3. The establishment of the steering committee and the capacity development agenda: chapter 4

1 Funded by RVO Kajjansi Market October 2016

8 9 chapter 1: Goal, strategy and objectives

10 11 Background Goal and objectives programme

Kajjansi is a town in Central Uganda. It is one of the urban centers in Wakiso District The Kajjansi Junction Programme aims at developing this fast growing urban area in and part of the wider influences of the emerging metropolis of Kampala. The Uganda in such a way, that it creates value for the local businesses and communities Kajjansi area is not only about well known because of its regional market, the area and at the same time reduces the environmental footprint of the area. holds many different large industries, institutions, housing estates and companies. In order to achieve this ambitious goal, the programme aims for the following The Junction currently being built at Kajjansi, connecting Entebbe-Kampala Road three interrelated objectives: to the Southern Bypass and Entebbe Expressway created a major change and opportunity in the area. In conjunction with the planned Bus Rapid Transport System with its endpoint at Kajjansi and the recent status upgrade from a village 1. To develop an integral Structural Spatial Development Framework leading to: to a town is a promising perspective for Kajjansi, • An agenda for a ‘National’ plan Smart Moving City with mobility conditions and measures for road safety, capacity and liveability agreed with authorities At the moment the energy, waste, drainage and water issues in the area, combined to enable structural interventions in the traffic system of the gazetted area. with the major infrastructural, spatial and mobility interventions in the close vicinity • A Structural Spatial Development Framework (SSDF) Agreement for the of the market and the presence of a variety of local businesses, can become a gazetted area with all governmental bodies, and involvement of a wide huge challenge. However, it can also present a great opportunity to develop range of stakeholders from the area during the planning process. Kajjansi in a sustainable, circular and inclusive way, so that the area can become • An agreed implementation plan for the urban boulevard pilot within the a growing economic engine for the community and potentially develop into the gazetted area. second metropolitan node of the Kampala region. This requires an integrated • Realized projects of a regenerated market and/or spatial measures for spatial strategy and a highly skilled and experienced team that oversees each entrepreneurs’ demands identified during the process of establishing component of the strategy sustainable inclusive business plans.

2. The establishment of a gazetted living lab where spatial and economic projects and business initiatives are piloted and showcased: • Agreed gazetted area. • Clear brand and identity of the area and its people: “made by Kajjansi” or “the Kajjansi way”. • Agreed and realised circular and inclusive business solutions in the area of food logistics, solar energy, waste & water and health. • Skilled young entrepreneurs that have the ability and skills to engage into and/or service the new sustainable business solutions.

3. A skilled steering committee in general and local government councils in particular, who • have the ability and willingness to create a facilitating environment for the living lab area. • have the ability and willingness to adopt an integrated decision making and planning process. • have a learning attitude. • aggregate lessons learned from the living lab and integrate these in their own core business and working processes. This creates the right conditions for replication and scaling of the pilots. Mutually reinforcing strategies

12 13 chapter 2: Structural Spatial Development Framework

14 15 Introducing the Kajjansi Junction Spatial Strategy

There is a need for a detailed Kajjansi junction strategy as a result of an interdisciplinary planning process. The further development of the area very KAJJANSI FOCUS AREAS much depends upon the use of the Entebbe-Kampala road. For this we described various theme’s that will be elaborated. Each theme impacts further design of the area.

An urban sprawl is anticipated in the area, along with the transformation of Kajjansi parish into a town council. The current uncontrolled urban sprawl needs to be considered, next stages in urbanization of the area are about to happen now and Inclusive Energy,Waste Fresh Health Mobility the growth needs to be planned in a most efficient way to sustain liveability in Business Water Food Spatial Structure Kajjansi and promote it as a new urban node in the south of the metropolitan area of Kampala. The market redevelopment and the new feeder routes will have a big influence on the surrounding area, improve accessibility, lead to new flows of customers and therefore increase the business opportunities in those zones.

The spatial framework for Kajjansi junction area is key to a well planned area where

business, liveability and safety can be achieved. This Kajjansi Junction programme t y, I n is concerning the spatial issues of implementation aspects, but emphasizes in l i f r b i a its first endeavors to masterplan the mobility, infrastructure, public space and o s t r urban structure well in order to set the conditions for all kind of implementation M u c projects in the area the coming years. The programme doesn’t so much deliver a t Inclusive u blueprint plan, but intends to build the capacity with local, regional and national r Business Energy, e level officials involved while working on the spatial framework for the area. This , Incubator

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Kampala and therefore for interesting for many investors to own and develope property over here. A very natural given but when not well steered definitly not benificial to many of the current activities and families living and working in the current situation. A core challenge is to guide development by urban planning, enforcement of legislation and new to be set policies in this area. And do it in such a way that it becomes beneficial to all and a showcase of sustainable inclusive planning. KAJJANSI INTEGRAL DEVELOPMENT STRUCTURE

16 17 Mobility Network

Secure local quality at system level Integrated Mobility Planning

The team looked into the mobility issue in and around the Kajjansi market area For mobility, integrated planning means integrating transportation issues as early as this theme has a large impact on the economic development potential of as possible into urban planning in order to create liveable cities. the wider area and is related and interdepended on its position in a large scale mobility and traffic network of the emerging metropolis. A good integrated planning system consists of applying three basic principles: Within Wakiso District, Kajjansi is a mid-way point between Entebbe and Kampala along the Entebbe Road. Kajjansi is one of the primary stops on the local taxi and • Organization: a planning system includes all the actors (public, private and bus routes for anyone travelling south of Kampala. ngo’s) involved in a project. This ensures that all ideas and visions are taken into account, resulting in strong planning strategies. If the urban situation in and around the junction will be treated in a traditional way, • Infrastructure: it’s a trap to start and finish a project with infrastructure. Of course the area will face uncontrolled growth blocking the further potential connection well designed networks, junctions and connections are vital, but there is more! and prosperity of the sub county and district. An example of good hardware is the connection of cycling infrastructure to The team underlines the importance of looking at the large scale while at the other transport modes generating an excellent inter-modality. same time acknowledges the key aspect of preserving and improving the local • Culture (differences): in Kampala city many people are used to having motorised quality, social structures and needs. The Kajjansi market is part of this and for a transport; in Kajjansi people are happy they can walk to the market in a proper great deal dependend on its position along Entebbe-Kampala rd. way.

We start to look at the high level and large scale of the mobility system before In Kajjansi we will take into account these three aspects to find a “Smart Moving coming to conclusions at the level of Kajjansi town. Kajjansi”.

Kampala's Primary Structure from KPDP Final Report

18 19 Multimodal Network design principles From Connection to Network

Before we come up with the design ideas from the workshop a little bit of theory With the expanding capital and its increasing population, it is a key issue to ease about network planning and road design is included. traffic congestion in the metropolitan area. One of the interventions undertaken to control the traffic flows is the construction of the Entebbe expressway, which First of all a slide which shows the evolution in mobility planning and design in will connect to the Kampala-Entebbe Road at Kajjansi. Another intervention is the four stages from road design to interdisciplinary planning. construction of a Bus Rapid Transport system (BRT), which is a designated lane running through the capital from Jinja Road to Kampala-entebbe Road. It are these What is happening nowadays in Uganda is based on the second figure; purely measures that will change the face of the city by transforming the single connec- network planning. This Kajjansi project could/should be the multiplier to take it to tion corridor of Entebbe road to a much wider network of road links in various the level of Multi-modal network design or even interdisciplinary planning! categories. This opens up the potentials for a multimodal network and an overall improvement of the modal split: the comfort of using various modes of transport depending on destination, speed and purpose. The Kajjansi Junction Programme is opting for being the catalyst project in showing these potentials of a more bal- anced urban mobility throughout large parts of the metropolis.

Now we have to categorize the network; in that process we have to make the residential areas as big as possible to avoid negative effects of the increased traffic flows.

The next step is to define the function of each road in that area: flow road, activity street or a street in a living area.

When that function is clear, we can make the detailed design of the road, junctions and links according to a proper manual. Connection Network

20 21 Challenge of growing car traffic

Entebbe road is in the current situation a single space where all modes of trans- A nightmare for adjacent urban areas with functions that are depended on inter- port, and more, is happening. Cars, 14 seaters, boda’s, pedestrians and shopping action with each other and with clients from the road. Kajjansi will be bypassed in activity are all sharing space. This makes Entebbe road a real Ugandan road where this scenario. maximum exchange is happening. Nevertheless this freedom of movement is lim- ited and the amount of car traffic is growing so rapidly that other uses are being Luckily there is an alternative scenario possible since the expressway is opening up pushed out. the transition from single connection area to an metropolitan network in the mak- ing. When fast through going traffic from Entebbe to Kampala and beyond, and There are two scenario’s possible in development of Entebbe road; First would vice versa, are using the expressway, Entebbe road doesn’t have to be adjusted be that the road will be fast-tracked by widened road surface, side barriers and to car traffic only. Preferably not. Entebbe road can become the urban boulevard. fences to prevent pedestrians to cross or parking activity along streetside shops A street closer to the interactive use of the typical Ugandan street and all various interfer with fast moving car traffic. In this case the exchange of the environment modes of transportation using the space and exchanging many links to shops, around the road and the typical economic activities of an Ugandan road will be amenities and a dense living environment. hampered by infrastructure only beneficial to passing through cars.

Current entebbe Road Entebbe Road when dedicated to car traffic infrastructure

22 23 EXPRESS WAY

• High speed • High density • Long distance • Low tariff needed to succeed

URBAN BOULEVARD

• Quality space • Public domain • Pedestrian friendly • Accessible streetfront needed to succeed

Opportunity for the network: develop variety

24 25 Entebbe Road Potential

When the network that is about to florish in greater Kampala region is considered the priority choices can be made and Entebbe road can be seen as an urban boulevard and step by step transformed to a high quality, high liveability and high intensity urban main axis.

Space comparison between different mode of transports

Entebbe Road can become an urban boulevard with public space, pedestrian friendly areas, accessible street front. A public transport system should also fit into the street section.

In this scenario entebbe-Kampala Road will get the function of “activity road”. This means that the profile will and can be rearranged according to this function: besides capacity for motorised transport, also room for walking and cycling, pedestrian crossings and even separated lanes for Bus Rapid Transit. Of course the mixed functions alongside the road will stay in place. For Kajjansi Market this means a proper accessibility with a special lane in front of it for Matatu’s and parking vehicles.

Entebbe Road Potential

26 27 Urban Development

String of pearls First 1,5 km urban boulevard transition project

The urban boulevard has been imagine as a “string of pearls”: the team identified The team therefore recommends to link urban streets as feeder routes to the some important functions along entebbe Road such the Mildmay Hospital, the junction and connect important functions. A planning frame, working with the Kitende Highschool and the Kajjansi market. Each of this pearls is a potential hub existing, can provide a good public space along the feeder routes and develop a for the network. mixed use urban environment with a multi-modality transport system. This concretely means consistent networks for walking, cycling, public transport Because of its importance in the network the Kajjansi Junction is seen as an anchor and cars. By reorganising the transport system into real networks, the traffic point in setting the first stretch of transformation task of the Entebbe roads’ function congestion can be avoided, the accessibility improved and the economic and addition to the area transformation in the coming years. Traffic diversification development enhanced. in the network will lead to opportunities in changing street profiles quality of

space and therefore the potentials for using the urban space for public interaction KAJJANSI JUNCTION STRATEGY and economic activity, rather then technical traffic capacity. In a first phase this Entebbe Rd Urban Boulevard Main Routes 1 starts at Kajjansi Junction and a comprehensive stretch of Entebbe road runs to BRT line the junction of the streets to St. Mary school This 1.5 km can be seen as the first BRT stop 500m radius BRT stop 1000m radius transition project of the Urban Boulevard transformation of Entebbe road. Green Areas Bulding edges

Public spaces

Main Facilities 1 Milday Hospital 2 Kajjansi Market 3 Kitende High school 4 St Mary school

Urban Boulevard influencial zone

Industrial influencial zone

0 100 500m

November 2016

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1,5 Km of URBAN BOULEVARD 3

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Entebbe Road urban boulevard: a string of pearls. Entebbe Road urban boulevard: first 1,5 km

28 29 chapter 3: KAJJANSI LEARNING LIVING LAB

30 31 Introducing the Kajjansi Learning Living Lab

A gazetted area for innovative inclusive and circular business solutions Upgrade of the Kajjansi Market area

Since the Kajjansi Junction programme has a highly innovative and experimental The first main challenge for the market is that the existing spatial structure does not character, a “learning living lab” will be established. This is a gazetted area where allow for expansion of the market, because the surrounding environment doesn’t innovative (business) solutions are cocreated, tested and showcased. Solutions allow for proper parking, boda space or loading areas without being part o the that address the various challenges of the area, boost the local economy, create congestion on and off Entebbe road. opportunities for young entrepreneurship and impact the environment in a positive way. We call these “inclusive and circular solutions”. The market faces challenges of overcrowding by market vendors, stalls that are stocked beyond capacity, dilapidated structures and limited storage capabilities The incubation of new business opportunities via the living lab can be enhanced for both wholesale and retail trading. Data from the initial research and feedback by a structured and secured physical development space. It is the dynamic from the stakeholder meetings indicate that Kajjansi market is not only congested situation of the development potential of Kajjansi Junction area that can host and overpopulated, but it also lacks basic amenities such as proper drainage and exactly that. Therefore spatial and mobility interventions that enhance the waste management systems. economic development of the Kajjansi area will be proposed as part of the Living Lab approach. The establishment of an urban boulevard (see previous chapter on Therefore, there is an urgent need to re-evaluate the spatial structure of the market mobility and urban development) along the market area is one of those crucial with careful consideration of these changing dynamics and current problems. The interventions that can secure enhanced quality of life and space for flourishing upgrade of the market will focus on the challenges of storm water drainage, power economic business development. provision and price, absence of waste collection, storage and/or treatment, lack of storage space, lack of cold storage and the challenge of hygiene.

Current situation: Threat: interaction, exchange and parking at the inaccessible, disconnected and bypassed Entebbe road side. Although not sufficient is what will be left of the market if pressure it allows interaction between street and on Entebbe road will lead to more care market area infrastructure Kajjansi Market

32 33 Branding the area: “The Kajjansi Way” Kajjansi Logo

The implementation of the learning living lab with its potential to introduce a DHK initiated a process to brand the Kajjansi area. One of the key elements of a circular and inclusive economy for the first time in Uganda, offers great branding brand is a clear logo and tag line, that visualizes the essence of the area and its opportunities. Kajjansi could be branded as the first circular & inclusive town and population and tells its story. could set an example on sustainability in Uganda. This combined with the excellent strategic location of the area could result in Kajjansi town being the circular hub of The Design Hub Kampala used documents and gathered input from stakeholders Uganda. This can attract different companies that find value in waste eg: recycling, who sketched their future vision: clean, friendly, thriving, everybody benefits…. production and design companies, transport etc. This info was framed in the competition, which generated nice results. Through a branding process the area of Kajjansi Junction will get a visual identity We shortlisted 4 logo’s: that empowers the current users and communicates the guiding principles of the Kajjansi Junction programme. A visual identity that is understood by all actors especially by the inhabitants and entrepreneurs in Kajjansi.

The goal of the brand is to increase the pride of the users about their area. For participating businesses the brand will bring exposure, add marketing value and potentially generate actual distribution points for their products.

The first step is the design of the logo and tagline and develop communication materials, such as banners, posters, t-shirts and stickers. To make the area known. For this purpose various preparatory meetings took place and visuals of the area were collected. In the beginning of January 2017 a competition was launched to design the logo. The best logo will be selected by a jury consisting of a local Kajjansi entrepreneur, the secretary general of ULGA, and the town clerk of Kajjansi.

The second step is to connect the communication materials to specific projects, such as plastic collection and recycling, and connect them to a reward system. Starting with the involvement of a number of “Kajjansi circular businesses” that will set an example for more entrepreneurs and initiatives that can join the movement.

Design Hub Kampala(DHK) facilitates the development of the area brand. DHK is a co-working & maker space where creative companies and professionals in various sizes and off all possible disciplines work and collaborate. DHK members share space and equipment, it is a bigger community of makers that work and learn together with the ultimate goal to grow the quality and size of their own business as well as the creative industry in Uganda as an economic sector.

Shortlisted logo for Kajjansi Junction Sustainable Living Lab

34 35 Distribution of fresh food and agri produce

Boosting innovative business with the living lab Short term opportunity: Joint procurement of goods

The Kajjansi Learning Living Lab serves to boost circular and inclusive business In Kajjansi market every single vendor (approx. 350 vendors) procures their fresh opportunities in the Kajjansi area, primarily addressing the current challenges related products by themselves in mostly Nakesero and Owino market which are located to the basic amenities in the area. For example: in Kampala’s city centre. All vendors (sometimes bringing their children) travel • The large amount of bio based waste offers an opportunity for biogas early in the morning to the center and back (which takes them approximately 4 installations hrs. Together with the market vendor association, our team worked at a system • The lack of affordable electricity for the vendors in and around the market offer in which fresh produce will jointly be procured and distribute to the market in opportunities for “solar system as a business” Kajjansi. • The unsafe public space around the market can be lightened by public Led lights powered by solar panels • The large amount of plastic waste offers opportunities for recycled plastic products • The lack of fresh food delivery to the bigger companies, hospitals and schools around Kajjansi offers a business opportunity for boda boda scooter drivers who can be engaged in delivery of Kajjansi fresh products or • The lack of cool spots for the fresh food and vegetables offers business opportunities for (Dutch) companies offering biobased solar insulation coating for the rooftop of the market.

During the missions of October and December 2016 various business opportunities were elaborated in cocreation sessions, combining Dutch and Ugandan expertise Current situation New situation and entrepreneurship. Different teams discussed short term and midterm business opportunities and prioritised the following themes for further elaboration: Potential value: • As a result of economies of scale a lower price for the fresh produce. 1. distribution of fresh food & vegetables • Less vendors have to travel to the city centre on a daily basis which is both 2. Water and waste beneficial for the family situation, safety and congestion in the city. a. Waste to energy: Biobased waste as input for biogas and bio briquettes • A model which can be up scaled to other markets in Uganda b. Recycling of plastic as input for the production of buckets of the Spouts Water Purifier Conditions: 3. Solar energy as a business • Organizing transport and off loading in Kajjansi (Physical and organizational) • Financial and organizational model for financing transport and procurement Hereunder, the details of each of these themes are described. staff (preferably by Vendor Association representatives • Space for packaging in the market (Or outside the market) • Organizational model for contracting, ordering, delivery and administrative handling

Stakeholders involved: • Market vendors • Logistical parties or self-organized logistics • Vendor Association

36 37 Short term opportunity: fresh food service for corporate clients Potential value: • More turnover for vendors Currently, Kajjansi market sells to people (mostly households) coming to the • Boosting Local economy through new services such as packaging, delivery market. However, there are many medium sized companies and organizations (Boda Boda), IT supported ordering (app). in the area such as schools, hospitals, factories which can be a big potential new • Wider positioning of the Market in Kajjansi (reputation) market for Kajjansi market. Delivery to these clients will improve the business and • A model which can be up scaled to other markets in Uganda the network of the Kajjansi market and improves the local economy with new functions such as delivery, packaging, package material and procurement. Conditions: Delivery of the produce can be organized in collaboration with the local boda • Space for packaging in the market (Or outside the market) boda drivers, who can add transport of goods to their existing taxi services. • Organizational model for contracting, ordering, delivery and administrative handeling

Stakeholders involved: • Boda Boda association Kajjansi • Bee Innovation (Dutch company active in Kenya on a similar project) • Vendors association Kajjansi • Business clients in the area, such as Uganda Clays, PAN Clay, Mildmay Uganda, CoRSU, SAS Clinic, Kitende Secondary School and St. Mary’s primary School

Mid term opportunity: wholesale market in Kajjansi

In addition, it will be explored if Kajjansi market could have a wholesale function for the area as an alternative to the system with many intermediary steps. In this model there is one coordinating body in the chain, which is the wholesale market; potentially Kajjansi. This body distributes information throughout the chain in a standardized, trackable, transparent way. The information is about future and current supply and demand, prices, financing, mode of payment, volume, quality/ specification, location, transport and time. Furthermore, the central wholesale function plays a role in the setting of specification standards and quality control and quality assurance.

Selling fresh produce to business client

38 39 Water & Waste

Waste and water issues are of major concern in the Kajjansi area. The two streams biodegradable waste to generate biogas. This will be done in collaboration passing the area have less and less water and contain more and more waste. This with biogas entrepreneurs connected to SNV Uganda (Biogas Solutions). One not only affects the people, but also bigger companies in the area, such as Nafirri, of the ideas is to construct public toilets at Kajjansi market in order to use who struggle with the lack of clean water. In addition, energy supply is an issue, human waste as an input to create biogas. Other biodegradable waste like due to the continuous disruptions and costs. food scraps and animal manure can also be added into the bio digester.

The market area itself is located in a swamp at the foot of a hill and during the rainy 2. Bio-based waste (water) to energy by the production of bio-briquettes In case season the area experiences severe flooding. There is a lack of waste collection the bio-based waste has not sufficient volume for biogas, smaller products and the utility bills are not always affordable. In addition, there are no proper toilet can be made. Also the slurry that will be left over from a biogas digester can facilities in the market area. be used to make briquettes. Bio-briquettes production can be an income generating activity and at the same time reduce air and water pollution. The Green and Blue Spaces within Spatial Planning company Briketi has a lot of experience of making and selling bio-briquettes. The flooding in Kajjansi is mainly caused by the bad condition of the drainage system 3. Reduce energy for the consumption of water. Supporting and promoting the and due to poor waste collection. If more economic development in the area will mean that more wetland area will turn into concrete and tarmac the chances of use of the Purifayaa water filter made by Spouts of Water in Kajjansi. End users severe flooding will be significantly higher. In order to solve certain water and of this product will save on energy costs and energy pollution, as it is no longer waste issues the creation of green and blue spaces should be considered. Green required to boil water for consumption. areas include parks, gardens, forests and agricultural areas. These areas allow rain water to infiltrate in the soil. Ponds, lakes, streams, rivers and the maintenance of 4. Plastic waste as a valuable resource. Various plastic recycling purposes have the existing swamps and wetlands can be called as the blue spaces. been identified by a Dutch industrial product designer, who formulated a If a drainage system can be set up for the hill above Kajjansi market and Kajjansi proposal to initiate a circular flow of materials in the Kajjansi area. market itself, as well as a by-pass under or around the Entebbe expressway, this can improve the water situation in the area. In this sense the Kajjansi area will be more water sensitive and more resilient to climate change. Water needs to flow and the best way is to divert water to certain places where it can cause as less damage as possible. It is also recommended to separate natural water flows from waste water. Therefore, the drainage system and a sewage system should not be inter connected. It is much better to avoid contamination by human waste from sewage to other water sources rather than the need to treat all water when it has already been mixed. Waste water can also be used to produce biogas or bio-briquettes instead of building a traditional sewage system. We will further elaborate on this in the next paragraph.

Short term solutions

It was decided to first focus on solutions that immediately create value for the Kajjansi area and its people. The following interlocked short term solutions were jointly formulated and will be further developed.

1. Bio-based waste (water) to energy by the production of biogas. It will be further examined if the market area and its surroundings produces sufficient Proposed circular flow of materials in Kajjansi area

40 41 Tree Nursery Bags When taking the circular material flow and its stakeholder as an initial concept, several business cases can be created where recycled plastic is taken as an input Kajjansi area is well known for its number of tree and plant nurseries. A great op- for the development of a sustainable products. The opportunities seem to be portunity is to manufacture bags developed from recycled plastic sheet material. limitless, but below are a few examples stated: Trees and other plants can contribute to a better water uptake and a decrease of soil erosion. Ceramic Water Filter

The ceramic water filter, named Purifayaa, manufactured by Spouts of Water, has great potential to serve as the perfect example of the circular strategy that will define the new Kajjansi area. The filter itself is already made by local resources (clay) and not only creates financial gain, but also reduces community health issues and helps decreasing the amount of waste and water pollution. The current design of the product contains plastic parts in order to hold the ceramic filter, collect and cover the water or to distribute the water to the clients. In addition, Spouts works with plastic drinking bottles for kids and disposable cups. If all these products are made from recycled plastic waste collected within the Kajjansi area

Bags made from recycled plastic for tree nurseries

Rainwater catchment system

Waste plastic can be turned into basic building materials like blocks, bricks, pip- ing, gutters. These are the main ingredients for constructing a rainwater catch- ment system. Such systems can lower the demand for clean treated and at the same time can contribute to water uptake in the Kajjansi area.

Working principle of the Purifayaa

Purifaaya Ceramic Water Filter in Kajjansi area Using plastic waste as input for creating construction blocks

42 43 Solar energy

3D printed objects Vendors are not satisfied about the quality and the quantity of the energy in the Kajjansi area. The team therefore looked into shortterm and midterm options to With the right machinery plastic waste can be converted into fillament, the basic introduce sustainable and affordable energy solutions in the area. Cocreation material used for 3D printing. The number and variety of products that can be sessions took place with Ultratec, Solar Now, Village Energy, Barefoot Power, the made when using a 3D printer are limitless. Think of pumps, waterpipe fittings, Kajjansi Vendors Association and the sustainable energy expert of SNV. water filters, etc Short term opportunitiy: solar as a business

Eventually it was decided to first focus on the development of a shortterm solution, offering solar as a business opportunity for the vendors and shop owners in Kajjansi. Village Energy took the initiative to develop a proposal to kickstart this initiative.

The most pressing and immediate issue for the Kajjansi market vendors is around cost and unreliability of electricity and the cost of renting a booth. Similarly, households in the area face frequent power cuts.

Using a 3D printing technology a waterpump or filter can be produced The proposed solution in brief:

Two concrete project/business proposals have been formulated and can be provided upon request. During the Design Mission, that takes place in February 2017, these various product varieties will be further developed.

Project partners:

• SNV Uganda: biogas and bio-briquette expertise This “community solar expert” model will focus on developing the human capital and • Spouts of Water Uganda: water purifier physical infrastructure in Kajjansi needed for sustainable solar economy. We have • Ripplez Consultancy The Hague: waste & water expert seen first-hand how broken systems discourage neighbors and entire communities • Municipality of Utrecht: waste expert from investing in solar, and how fixing that system restores trust that unlocks sales. • Reflowfinament Amsterdam: 3D plastic printer • Savco Millers Uganda: plastic recyclers By having a physical shop in Kajjansi market and a trained technician to support • Kajjansi Town Council the shop, Village Energy and other solar companies can provide fast servicing and replacements without the need for the customer to travel to Kampala.

44 45 Being in the Kajjansi market will allow the solar companies to build long-term The full business proposal can be provided upon request. A market scoping will be personal relationships with the clients to understand their ongoing challenges, carried out in the beginning of 2017 to assess the interest of the vendors and shop needs and opportunities. The shop managers will be trained to craft solutions for a owners in small solar systems for phone charging stations, salons/barber tools or client’s particular energy need and mentor business clients on how to boost their small cooling systems. productivity and/or reduce costs using solar energy. This will allow business owners to pay off systems quickly and have additional income for covering costs of rent/ taxes.

The Value Proposition

1. For Small/Medium Businesses: Solar systems customized for small/medium businesses, sold through cash sales or Pay As You Go, coupled with training on productive use of solar energy. Our package options offer 40W, 60W, 80W and 100W systems that can power lights, phone charging kit, barbershop kit, radio and TV. The size of system can be easily upgraded so clients have an option to start small and boost their income while saving for a larger system. Packages start at a weekly fee of 17,600 UGX and client owns the system after 18 months. Appliances are included in the pricing. Our shop manager works closely with clients to ensure uptake of solar energy use translates into profit gains. We can track the client’s business revenue increase using our CRM system.

2. For Large Institutions: Custom solar installations on payment plan for schools, guesthouses, health clinics and other businesses/institutions in the area including user education and at least two years of on-site maintenance visits.

3. For Households: Large and small home systems and individual components sold through cash sales or Pay As You Go. Our packages include 20W, 40W, 60W, 80W and 100W that can power lights, torch, radio, TV, and phone charging. A skilled technician ensures the system is properly installed and provides quick after sale support when needed. Solar power as business Stakeholders involved:

• Village Energy • Vendors Association • Shop owners Kajjansi • Kajjansi Town Council

46 47 Mid term opportunities Vocational training for sustainable entrepreneurship

Solar power can already be implemented in the current market setting. During the The team realized that an increase in sustainable businesses in the Kajjansi area also co-creation week in the beginning of 2016 representatives of Solar Now visited requires new set of skills amongst young entrepreneurs, in maintenance, distribution vendors of the market and came up with an analysis of the potential of the market. and reparation of these new sustainable technologies. In general, if Kerosene lights are used the payback time switching to solar is very fast. Also replacing generators by solar has very rapid break-even points. At the end of January 2017 the Utrecht Centre of Entrepreneurship will carry out a scoping mission to explore opportunities for the establishment of a vocational Replacing Umeme as power supply is also very viable. While solar panels (and their training centre in the area. Close collaboration will be sought with existing local installation) can last for over twenty years, the inverters have about 7-10 years life institutions, providing vocational training and business incubation services. span. The batteries are more sensitive, but depending on proper use can still run up to 5 or 7 years. The training centre is supposed to develop a new set of curricula in the area of sustainable technologies, services and production. The centre will particularly focus The break- even time therefore depends on a mix of different factors and should on the youth of Kajjansi and enable them to learn skills to operate & maintain solar be further researched, as well as the business case of the solar applications. powered systems, household water treatment systems, biogas installations, bio Establishing a solar cooperative or social enterprise, which is owned by Kajjansi briquettes or recycling plants. It will also raise awareness about the opportunities vendors association, can be a way to generate income on one hand and safeguard of sustainable change and the public responsibility to make the Kajjansi area clean, maintenance, management and accessibility of the solar services on the other hand. safe and attractive.

In addition, innovative solutions, like solar insulation and industrial phase change materials will be further explored by including a number of Dutch companies with expertise in solar insulation and solar reflection coatings based on nanotechnology.

These socalled Nano coatings are high quality coating products that are able to reflect the sun in a very efficient manner, and thus lowering the roof temperature with about 40 degrees Celsius.

This means that the market hall might be easier to cool during the day, although probably additional measures have to be taken to keep the temperature at an ambient level. The coating are relatively easy to handle, but should be applied by craftsmen. The Dutch company NTA Solutions that developed these coatings is open to train local craftsmen and entrepreneurs in applying these coatings properly.

Solar power as business

48 49 chapter 4: Capacity development programme

50 51 Steering Commitee

As mentioned before, the formulation of the Kajjansi Junction Programme was governmental bodies on the conditions of a structural spatial plan that serves as largely participatory, with relevant stakeholders fully involved in the process of the development framework is essential. This will set the limits, but also inspire to project identification through design. Especially at the government side a careful set the right course toward guiding principles for business development, building selection was made of those agencies that manage the area and/or decide upon activities, land use and use of public space. interventions that affect the area. The Steering Committee commits to the following tasks: Under the guidance of ULGA various bilateral and collective discussions and 1. Strategic oversight of programme negotiations took place to involve all relevant stakeholders. During the mission 2. Knowledge management and transfer of learnings/best practices (derived weeks in October and December 2016 involvement and commitment of the relevant from the living lab) in the respective organisations of the Steering Committee stakeholders was formalised through the formation of a steering committee. members 3. Joint resource mobilisation by acquiring and/or redirecting resources to the programme 4. Providing policy and legislative oversight LOCAL 5. Strategic networking with relevant public/private stakeholders and nurturing NATIONAL the collaborations. GOVERNMENT GOVERNMENT Ugandan Local Government Association is to chair the Steering Committee. Other members of the committee are the Ministry of Local Governments, and Ministry ULGA of Works Wakiso District Authorities (vice chair) , Makindye Sabagabo Municipality, Kajjansi Town Council , Kajjansi Vendors Association, Representative of Project developers, Twenty One as process & business advisors and Dasuda as Technical advisors. The Steering Committee is able to co-opt a member as may be agreed. COMMERCIAL COMMUNITY PRIVATE PARTIES

Ownership of the project

The steering committee will be responsible for the establishment, alignment and strategic oversight of the Kajjansi Junction Programme. This requires a mindset shift from a traditional programme management approach to an integrated decision making & planning approach. As mentioned in the previous chapters, the Structural Spatial Development Framework Agreement is the framework for approval and alignment of the public and private projects and initiatives following in the coming period in Kajjansi.

In order to secure the possibilities of inclusive sustainable development at each scale and sector in the Kajjansi area in the coming years, the agreement with all Steering Commitee “The champions of the area”

52 53 Capacity development and learning

The capacity needs of the Steering Committee and the learnings derived from the living lab are integrated in the capacity building component of the programme. Especially the local councils in Kajjansi and Wakiso will be coached in the programme. It has already been indicated by these councils that capacity building topics should include: 1) land management, 2) revenue systems, 3) integrated decision making & planning and 4) waste and water management.

The Steering Committee of the programme will be coached on the job. Twice a year specific exchange and learning topics will be covered. With the concept of the Living Lab there is a possibility to learn, exchange, develop and build capacity on the basis of real cases. So besides a living lab for entrepreneurs on site at Kajjansi, we also entice institutions to join forces and achieve improvements in planning tools, legislation and procedures. At the urban planning level this encounters issues like Land use, density, functional concentrations, mixed use environments, green and red land zoning policy, quality of urban space (safety/security!) and physical focal points to define priorities of investments that are likely to be sustainable growing points. At mobility level the learning aspects are about basic road design, traffic safety, parking, public transport and Non-Motorized transport, and the collection of data and operation of smart tools to be prepared for the needed flexibility in a very dynamic metropolitan environment. All these aspects are challenges in many cities. It is not different in Kajjansi. What can be the difference is that the Living Lab results in practical lessons learned at Kajjansi area are put into manuals that function as guidelines for many other territories in the local authorities that ULGA serves throughout the country.

Kajjansi Workshop October 2016 Kajjansi Workshop October 2016 - Junction Strategy

54 55 coloPHON

56 57 Stakeholders involved

Local Businesses / Organisations Ugandan Government institutions Implementing partners: Sector Urban Development +31(0)641674617 • KCCA ULGA [email protected] ULGA House Plot 136, Entebbe Road • Uganda Clays • Wakiso District council 23120 Kampala - Uganda DASUDA • PAN Clays • Kajjansi Town council • Ministry of Land www.ulga.org Wilgenweg 22b • Mildmay Uganda 1031HV Amsterdam - NL • Ministry of Local Governments • CoRSU Rose Gertrude Gamwera www.dasuda.nl • SAS Clinic • UNRA Secretary General • Nakigalla Tea Estate • Ministry of Works +256(0)777183634 Robert van Kats • Kitende Secondary School • Cities Alliance Chairman / Urban designer • St. Mary’s primary School • Ministry of Health Richard Okuku +31(0)6 17498336 • Boda Boda representatives Economist [email protected] • Taxi Representatives +256(0)774 402 660 • Akright city Dutch companies/organisations involved Remco Rolvink • UMU • Originate B-Space Secretary General / Master Planner Plot 7 Binayomba Road Bugolobi, +31(0)6 14466967 • NARO • Ripplez Kampala - UG [email protected] • Kajjansi Rotary Club • Utrecht Economic Board • Utrecht Centre for Entrepreneurship www.bspace.co.ug • Kampala Executive Association (KEA) Move Mobility • Solar Now • Kajjansi Airfield (Airfield MAF) Peter Masaaba Achter de Muren Zandpoort 12 • GOAL • NTA Solutions Managing Director 7411 GE Deventer - NL • Agri Pro Focus • Agriterra +256 (0) 786 208335 www.movemobility.nl • Abaita Abibara Association • SNV Netherlands Development [email protected] • Equate Organisation Tonny Bosch • The Ssemwanga Center • Arcadis TwentyOne Cooperative Mobility Expert • Kajjansi Market Vendor Association • Bee-Innovations Jacob van Lennepkade 11-hs +31 (0)653576317 • Multiple vendors • Generous Minds (for design week in 1234 AB Amsterdam [email protected] • Village Energy febr 2017) www.Twentyone.futureproof.community Municipality of Utrecht • Ultratec • Flex Design (for design week in febr Fedde Germans Stadsplateau 1 • Spouts Water 2017) Cofounder and board member 3521 AZ Utrecht • Savco Millers • Proud Design (for design week in febr 2017) • Uganda Bamboo Bikes Marjolijn Wilmink Desiree van der Ven • Mango Tree • HKU (for design week in febr 2017) Cofounder and board member Policy officer International Affairs • Design Hub Uganda: • Reflowfinament (for design week in MT febr 2017) MVO Nederland Etienne de Jager Design without Borders Arthur van Schendelstraat 500 Project coordinator/urban planning Add Value 3511 MH Utrecht- Postbus 19219 Flo.Design (thies) 3501 DE UTRECHT -NL Gerhardt Schoonvelde Made in Africa TV www.mvonederland.nl Expert waste & water management Adengo Architects Marjolijn Wilmink Outbox Meine van der Graaf 58 Kigezi Coffee 59 60 Cover by Philip Rugamba