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In the Name of Allah the Compassionate, the Merciful Taxonomic Stijdies of Grylloidea (Ortiioptera) of Pakistan

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In the Name of Allah the Compassionate, the Merciful Taxonomic Stijdies of Grylloidea (Ortiioptera) of Pakistan IN THE NAME OF ALLAH THE COMPASSIONATE, THE MERCIFUL TAXONOMIC STIJDIES OF GRYLLOIDEA (ORTIIOPTERA) OF PAKISTAN .RY MUEAMMAD SAEED M.k.(HoN.) Asn. E MIog, A th.is tuhnitt.d k ol Naiat futlbn ',t hc rcquircn0ts Jol th..ktra of DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY IN , j terucwtaut ENToMoLocY FACULTY OF AGRICULTURE UNIVERSITY OF AGRICULTURE FAISALABAD IPAKISTAN) '1995 To Th. Codollcr of EirDidiorE, Unilrnity of ASrlorltur., wc. rhc SupcNisy Cn|nhin e, crdry $$ 6r dlllnt &d imm of 0Erit lub|tried by Mr. MdlrtnrEd S..d haE bccn fould ! i!6dory.d ntomrEnd tlul n bc prs.d to cvrlurrh by dE En.'nd E'diF(r) fo. tu $ntd of 0t d.g!.. SIIDERVISORY COMMIITEF. CHAIRMAN : MUHAMMAD YOUSUF tIgEABy: MEMBER DR. SHAMSTIAD AI(BAR MEMBER IUNAID IQBAL QU DEDICATED To Dy hc poftol!, rnay h.ir rorb rE3t ir p.ace ir H€lvctr!. Dar Mr, M!h!a.d Arr&S colnollcr ol Brrnin$@, I r!ii., rb tt.D. dEi. orMt. Mtud sd b dffid.. El brd & rd o, Ii.D. d.arE, I Itt@ tb tbL, d. dd-.btl bc rt ..dd.d tu r! agrl aftb&aF. t!.rd!.q b b . F!@ wno b. $. thod t!. doidio (flEd) Enernrl E (rtrlln€r'r Commcnts Der Mr. Muh.nnad Alhf.q Cmmlhr ol &mindid, | [* @tutlr E:d rb. lb6L of Mr. M. S...d .d gi* oy npdt h.le, I fild, ric dai.6lly tultlls rll ti. Eqrl!@d fa I tn.D Lwl lgd t qli|ltld I! tul, | @y ey tt:r I fi'n it d oiLidii'8 pke or wL Mr, s..cd hs [email protected] his @nDkE uodcsludiry dtlF Dlhodt of l,Io|mic @@h ge hs .xoircd au or in ELvrr liErdoud hs nis!€d @tlln8 H. ba rhM bj! twlcdgG ol $c imporl$t cts&tets us.d ln dE l"rdmt of crickai. Thi! ir o inponam srdD of leti rol olrt b€.w ttcy cru& @Bijcrabl. dxlmic &D.a! t0 cr0p3 dd 6torql product!, u eEtully poinr.d ol by Mr, $!.d, bu1.l5o bqeE tb.y c ! ioponrn sop doluliMily. W. e jBt b.siminS to F tw l4p atd divd l[i! &op or it!.ca b. As ...d by Mr, S...{t, l6n .ndi.5 in A|6li. .nd oina rad p.r!. oa tL wld tut36a the 6lla! e I v.ry l{9. am!. Th. rumba ofw rFis {b!dib.d by Mt sd tn6lto. qaidcnbh f.@. ir P*isro. Mr. SGd hs dcmltratld thr! lE Do$.{3.3 . Ey ad.pr td!nq!. iI ttudylnS cri:t rs Tn e of m.L i.nirrlir iD dtumy ot cricL! b . Elrliwly @lt .djutr t to tndy, Mr. Sae.dt dnwin!! shor l|.|. inponet ch{a.t s much bai.r lho 3imila lllu![.doB of @v noE I cdlntul.l. Mr. Sr.cd @ . beltitul !t!tl, shnn I wh h. hr!'y to h.s dN Dt*tf r *qld liL io .|Mr4! nio !o pttD$ n fo. Pbli.ri@ dd hA. rha t wlll h. .bk b "sd-" snyu3 d. odaio of P:rllr. I n w d.d. r Gy &w @4ioal c.tMn i! dr body of tt thdit rye|t tn6. in @ sy .Lr.d nm |a inpon !@. Ako p.!c 84 w nisiIg fror nt cAy. fiow6, I u 6oi! it wlll b. of rlE se qualitt 6 thc orb.r DUq .!d do lot tr .d to !..d lr i, ord.r ro ps ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I h.v. no *ord! to cxPBs my dccFst scffc ofgl?tiudc to Alnthtv Alhn mhc Mcrcittl and Grdcious), who cnabl€d Inc to complctc thcs€ sodics- I lrhh to cxPrcss my thttb ro my luFrviso. Dr' MunantEd Yousuf, Pmfessor of A8ricultunl ErtornoloSy, University of ASricular.. Faisalabad, for hh subslanhal 8uidancc, continuous inspiration al'd invalurble assillNrrr in bringing lhii diss.rlalro. to il3 presltrt fo.m- I am Stcdly ind€b|d to lhc mdbers of my $p€ohory comiu.c, Dr. Shamshtd Akbrr. P.ofNr of Agriculfural En omoloSy and D.- JMid Iqbal Qureshi, Professor of zoology, for dlcir valuablc su88€slio$ nd coBtucliv. criticism throughoui ihis wo.k My since.e thrntr are dE to Dr. Dmicl Olie. Acadcmy of Natunl S.i6q of PNlad.lphia, U.S.A., Dr. A.V. Corothov, Z@logicrl ltsdaitc, r-.ringrad, U.S.S. R. , Dr. R.B. Toru, Tmvaal Musam, Pretori|, South Arrica, D.. Yduhiro Orhirc, M&jima, Naha, Japan ad Mr. Khalid Manmood, Ph.D. slldmt at thc Na0rrd History Mueum, lrodon, for Ileir kccn int€.61 and Scncrous hclp in s€ndin8 thc valuable lilcranlre on gryllids drinS this work. I atn ako ll)anftnrl to M.- Azlul Saed, l€t!ftr, D.paimEn( of AS.icultunl Entomolosy, UniveBity of Agriculturc, Faisalabad, for 8ivi.8 his id..tificd sDccim€ns fo. comDartuon and litemtrrrc ofl loan. lppftriitiont !o Dr' L D$utt'r- t ftd SrcNt pl..ttlt€ to c cflt my Paru snd Dr' D C F Rd ?' Grrndcolat, Mol6|n Ndrtl d'Hlsioirc Nrnltclc' fd dEir crittc'l collund s cslRo, Divtuion of Enlomolo8y, Cj!'bcn, Au'!']i$ ad kxtnical sdvicc to improvc thi! drflrlcript' Mr' Muht nad t tm cap€ciilly tha*fuI to ny rlc5|ch collca8uc'' wilb tid' td d€rrv dt'itg |[e lqb.l !!d M. Hui|lin Z!fir' wtr 0!&Gd oc to tnv friqd Mr' Alif S'ccd' for freld co{.dhru. My rppr.ciirion tu slto dlc ' ryping thi! lttolcripa. @ bb hnilv FiorIY, tE dhor crprt$.. hir d.cpd gdilt& ni! rdcmi(: ctrccr' m.obc$ for dEn morll |Dd fiD&cirl JjDfoit thrflS]flt CONTENTS CIIAPTER TITLE PAGE INTRODUCTION .......... I II REVIEW OF LMRATURE III MATEruATS AND METHODS RESULTS AND DTSCUSSION ...... _....,..,....... t3 SUPERFAMILY GRYLLOIDEA.............. 13 Family Gryllidae ........................ t5 Subfamily Cryllirue.... ............-t7 AeN Ttbii*i.lha ................20 AcaB PhoM.Ila . ............ -....22 G.not Tunlog,itts ................25 Gcna CallbSryltu .................43 C.tis ArUopsis . 46 G.M O/rl&J . - . , . , , . - - .47 cFw T.l@Errltu ...-.............50 Gav PLttrytta............. -....6E CEM PhallolobM . - - 76 C.nw A.heta.. -..................83 C.na PLb.iott Uu ................91 Cenlt Ctraodct . 94 G.nB Tat @tryut t . 96 AeNs 16ob1M................ 102 G.nt v.loifcrorc... -. -.......... t46 G.N Modi@tryUB .. -............ l6E Subfamily Nemobiina€................ tEE A.nns Pt.tuh.n bilt ,,.........,... 189 A.na Diaartubi6 .,...,. -.....,.. l9l CHAPITR TITI,E PACE Fnnily Trigodidiidae ...... ... ... .... .. - 195 GeM Anlltgus ................. l9? ctNt TnSo!,Au - . , . - . 201 CrtN Awipha .................. 206 Frtrfly Phalangopsidae . - 20E ca6 M.loituah4 , , . , , . , . , . 208 Family Eneopt€ridae ........ -........... 216 Subfemily En€opterinae . 216 CnNt Xdotryllu , . , , . , . , . 216 Subfamily Podoscininae. ....,......... 2r9 G.flie &.rdrr6 . , , . , , . , . - . , . , . 219 Famify Oeca hidae .....................22r ceus obamtB . .221 Family Mogoplisddae . 233 G.dB Gott'dla ................. 233 Farnily Scle.opferidaa . 23E Cen'rs Sclztopt M ......,,........ 238 Family Gryllo@lpidee ................... 2fi Gents CttUotaba . 240 SUMMARY . , , . , , , . , , . , , . , , . , , . , . , , . , , 250 VI CHEC(LIST OF CRYLIOIDE,{ (ORTHOPTEM) OF PAKISTAN 252 v LITERATURE ClrED ,. _ . , . , . , , , . , . .56 LIST OT'MAPS PAGE L Con.cio6 lrcalnk of Crylloidc. of Ptisrn. .............. 9 DiEibltion of Grylli'|,a lPhoMnur.t, IBrrrogtUat, CaUoeryllw, CryWh, eryUllt, f.hoStrAB, Plat styutt, Phalolobow, ,rcha. aM Arylwrs) In Patirtan. .......... 255 28, Di'fiblulid of crylllnt lTtutuogrylrd, laobhw, v.larif4t4u d MdleoSrylw) in P*i!nn. ............ 266 3. Dirrributid of N.nobiin* in Pti'trn. 267 Dtnbu*n of T.igonidiidr in P.t!lrn. ............... 268 5. DlEibutb of f,bhngop.i.n, Sdsqrdil& ||d Mogopliiirj& in P*bon. ........ _.. _..,.......,. 269 6, Dilr.ibudon or En opErftlt. in P*h!l' . ... ... .. .... ... 2m 1, Disr.ibutlh of oo.dihid& in P*i!l!!. , . , . , . 2?l E. Dbt ibutio ofcrylloirlpnt. in P!kir!n. ............... 272 LIST OF FIGI,]RES FIGURE TITLE PAGE Prircipal trupholo8idl fcrn A of rh. dicllcr. ........ .... 12 G.ylloiiia (Diff@nt fanil'ar). cryilida. (Diff.renr subflmrli.r). PhoMftuB ni@t tF?dt, .lym atd gcniblia). 2A Tr tu try I lB s a Unat6 (EtYa\ 2E fwst 1116 pakist@N lH.d. pronoton md clyta) . 30 Ttt@tryU!.t kolawLtit sp- w. (F!... hed, prcnoilh 33 rt@eDU!4 b.!lah' .rp. mv. (F@. h€5d. Prorcom. eryua and ovrpGrtor uNat. 16 9. Iu@erytlls bdtali 3p. w. {G.nnali{). 36 t0. Tu@eryU!6 pndi.B sp. w. (Fe and tlyt!-a). ll. CdlloerJl8 ovtuaeB !p. B. (F@, hqd. prono(m. .lt,ra. ercB lnd oip6ilor). 45 t2. e'tLbt biwlatw (Giialia). ....... 49 13. fcl2oery la USM6 ep. n@. (Eltr. and geni6li.). r.teotryll6 tonSiptwns lEtyra ud gcni6ti^t. 56 15. r.t osrruu toB6 !p. w. (Elrr'r.rd 8cni|.li.). 59 T.koeryllla ptu rB 3p. rcv. (Elyh &d gFni6iia), , . , , . 63 17. T.l@eryll8 laaeuid$ sp. nov. (Elyn md gcnitrlia) .,...... 67 18. PIary{rUB bMn (Gcn|hlb ard qipcilor valB). ....... 70 19. PI4Ntt lttg ulqnpta .p. mv. (Fa... elym, ov'pditor larvB ao tcnMrE). 20. PhaUobb$B ad.ntibiaut 8en. a 3p. rcv. (Elyb. aJd 2t. sohdwis Een. d sp. mv. (Elyln .rd 8t FIGURE TIII,E PAGE 22. (Head, Prcrctum. dYtb and 85 27. sp. @. (H@d, Prorctum. f@ clt@ 8E Pkb.ioSryll!4. Hn gulatit sP .ryhaJrd gcrrr.rd). ...... 93 91 25. Gtylttd$ !Wu.a6 tctnibti^) . TanarosryIlut tunarLt head, pronotur, .rv(la 26. lFM, 100 27. t0l 28. r05 29. Isobt .rcabpta sP nov- (Hcad' prcnotun' and g€niolia)."n!!t . - . , . , . - 'lviB t0E 10. IEobIwB potohse8is sp. nor' cryn). ..,.-..-.,.,..- l12 ll. Idoblqtld doli.hory4nis sP. lt8 12. Ldobknnlt nuai6.phot)B + iot tqt?d.qrcnoun he, Itt lnt nnrl sqmlnt,.lvh and cprPh.llu,. Lotobt.MB oneubs6 sp. nov. (Elyut and S.nitali!) . .. t25 34. Idobl.nn's .o46a sp. d. {Elyr' ad 8.ni6lia) ..110 35.
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