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The International Propaganda Committee of Transport chapter 6 An International for the Global Radical Waterfront The ‘International Conference of Seamen and Harbour Workers’ was sched- uled to start on 1 October 1930. As the delegates were expected to arrive at Hamburg a few days earlier, Albert Walter’s plan was to organise a mass rally and had hired a spacious hall for the event. However, only the British, Dutch, German and Scandinavian delegations had arrived at the end of September. Other participants were delayed and the start of the conference had to be post- poned until 3 October 1930.1 Typically for communist conferences, a full list of participants was never published. According to an internal memorandum, 38 delegates from 26 coun- tries attended the conference although few of them had been nominated by their national trade union opposition groups to represent them at the con- ference.2 Others, especially those claiming to represent opposition groups in ‘semi- colonial’ and colonial countries, seems to have been handpicked among mariners residing in Hamburg.3 A pamphlet published shortly after the con- ference listed delegates originating from 24 countries and territories, including Algiers, “Arabia,” Argentina, Belgium, Brazil, Britain, Canada, Chile, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, India, Indonesia, Italy, Japan, Korea, the Netherlands, Norway, Paraguay, the Soviet Union, Sweden, Uruguay, and the USA. The idea of the pamphlet was propagandistic: Its objective was to tell its reader about the establishment of a new radical global organisation for rallying seamen and dockworkers under its – existing or planned – national sections in all of the aforementioned countries. Most importantly, however, was the denunciation of the itf, depicting it as the traitor of the working class as well as being a lackey of the shipowners and of the aggressors towards the Soviet Union.4 1 Y [Walter,] Sonderbericht zu der internationalen Konferenz der Seeleute und Hafenarbeiter am 3. Okt[ober] 1930 in Hamburg, 534/ 5/ 219, 22– 24, rgaspi. 2 ish, Half- Year Report October 1930 – April 1931, 534/ 5/ 221, 68, rgaspi. According to the report, the delegates arrived from Argentina, Algiers, Belgium, Brazil, Canada, Chile, China, England, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, India, Italy, Japan, Korea, the Netherlands, Norway, Paraguay, Peru, the Philippines, Poland, Sweden, Uruguay, the USA and the ussr. 3 Handwritten report about the meeting of 3rd October 1930 (in German), 534/5/ 219, 21, rgaspi. 4 Declaration to seafarers and harbour workers in German, no date [ca. October 1930], 534/5/ 219, 12– 16, rgaspi. The declaration was published as supplement titled “An alle Seeleute und Hafenarbeiter! To all seamen and harbour workers! Proletarier aus den Häfen und von den Schiffen!,” in Hamburger Volkszeitung, Beilage zu Nr 233, 7.10.1933. © Holger Weiss, 2021 | DOI:10.1163/9789004463288_010 This is an open access chapter distributed under the terms of the CC BY 4.0 license. Holger Weiss - 9789004463288 Downloaded from Brill.com10/05/2021 02:29:16PM via free access 202 Chapter 6 The conference started by electing a presidium, consisting of Albert Walter as chair and George Mink as secretary as well as Fred Thompson, a “Negro dele- gate,”5 and George Hardy as members.6 Next, Hardy presented a lengthy report on the impact of the global depression on world economic and political affairs and the need to establish an International for the maritime transport workers. The itf and the Amsterdam International, i.e., the International Federation of Trade Unions or iftu, had betrayed the proletariat, Hardy declared, and further criticised them for supporting the ‘imperialists’ in their onslaught on the working masses in the colonies, not least in China and India. The key objective for the new International was therefore to render full support to the fight for national self- determination and independence of the colonial and semi- colonial countries. After Hardy’s one and half hour speech, comrade Ray7 from the USA took the floor and read out a petition signed by the US American, British, Chinese, French and German delegations, calling for the establishment of an International for maritime transport workers. Storming applause: The petition was unanimously accepted and the International of Seamen and Harbour Workers or ish had officially been launched. The Italian delegate asked for a condemnation of fascism to be included in the resolu- tion text. Acclamations and accepted. Then the Chinese delegate stood up and presented a proposal by the Chinese, French, and Scandinavian delegation for the statutes of the new International. Storming applause: The statutes were accepted.8 So far, the conference gave the impression of expressing the unani- mous and resolute will of the global revolutionary maritime transport workers. No hints about the conference having been prepared in Moscow or articulat- ing a plan outlined by the rilu and the ipac- tw. Instead, it was presented in public as having been initiated at the national conference of the Marine Workers’ Industrial Union held in New York in April 1930.9 The conference 5 I have not been able to identify the “Negro delegate.” It certainly was not James W. Ford as he resided in Moscow in October 1930, and together with George Padmore organised the rilu Negro Bureau. 6 “Til alle Søfolk og Havnearbejdere,” Lanternen 5, no. 7 (Oktober 1930): 1. Conflicting informa- tion consists for the composition of the Presidium; according to a handwritten report, Walter was elected chair, Thompson and one Toussaint from the USA as secretaries while Mink, Hardy, Dumay and one ‘Centurion’ are instead as members, see Handwritten report about the meeting of 3rd October 1930 (in German), 534/ 5/ 219, 21, rgaspi. 7 This was probably Tommy Ray, the organiser of the mwiu in San Diego. 8 Bericht über die internationale Konferenz der Seeleute und Hafenarbeiter am 3. Oktober 1930 in Hamburg, no date [ca. October 1930], 534/ 5/ 219, 2– 5, rgaspi. 9 “Til alle Søfolk og Havnearbejdere,” Lanternen 5, no. 7 (Oktober 1930): 1. Holger Weiss - 9789004463288 Downloaded from Brill.com10/05/2021 02:29:16PM via free access An International for the Global Radical Waterfront 203 ended with the adoption of a resolution, summarising the objectives of the new International and appealing to all seamen and dockers to unite, to join the revolutionary class unions and minorities for the purpose of struggling to increase wages, the improve- ment of labour conditions, the shortening of the working day, for equal wages for equal work, for full economic, social and political equality of all transport workers irrespective of colour, creed, nationality or race, against capitalist rationalisation, and fully in a struggle for the overthrow of capitalism and the establishment of socialism.10 The communist press hailed the establishment of the ish as a landmark for the radical maritime transport workers, see Figure 10. The new organ- isation was heralded as the bulwark against the shipowners, the fascists and the social democratic union leaders;11 an official declaration on its establishment was published in the Internationale Presse- Korrespondenz on 14 October.12 Internally, not all comrades acclaimed to the gloss image of a historic landmark. Leading members of the ish Executive Committee critically commented the decision to shorten the conference into a one- day event, leaving no room for discussions or debates about the statutes and objectives of the new organisation. Walter, in an internal report to the ipac- tw headquarters, replied that it would have been practically impossible to extend the conference, not least, as none of the participants had any finan- cial means at their disposal to pay for their return. Consequently, he had to cover their expenses and the Port Bureau had run out of money at the end of the conference.13 10 Resolution adopted by the International Conference of Seamen and Dockers, held at Hamburg, October 3rd, in George Hardy, A Fighting International of Marine Workers (Hamburg: International of Seamen and Harbour Workers, 1930), 30. 11 “An alle Seeleute und Hafenarbeiter! To all seamen and harbour workers! Proletarier aus den Häfen und von den Schiffen!,” Hamburger Volkszeitung, Beilage zu Nr 233, 7.10.1933; “Til alle Søfolk og Havnearbejdere,” Lanternen 5, no. 7 (Oktober 1930): 1; “Kampinternational för sjöfolk bildad,” Kalmardemokraten 8.10.1930. 12 Inprekorr 86/ 14.10.1930, copy checked in Reichsministerium des Inneren. Internationale Hafenbüros und Seemannsklubs, Jan. 1930– Nov. 1933, R1501/ 20224, BArchB. 13 [Walter,] Sonderbericht zu der internationalen Konferenz der Seeleute und Hafenarbeiter am 3. Okt[ober] 1930 in Hamburg, 534/ 5/ 219, 22– 24, rgaspi. Holger Weiss - 9789004463288 Downloaded from Brill.com10/05/2021 02:29:16PM via free access 204 Chapter 6 figure 10 The International of Seamen and Harbour Workers has been launched!, first page news published in Lanternen 5, no. 7 (October 1930): 1. 1 October 1930: Framing the Fighting International of Marine Workers Moscow’s grand strategy was to present the ish as a revolutionary but inde- pendent organisation. Hamburg, not Moscow, was the seat of the new organ- isation; its statues were silent about the relationship between the rilu and the ish. According to the statutes, the ish Bureau and/or the ish Executive Committee made all decisions and signed all declarations. In reality, all dec- larations and decisions had to be in tune with the instructions issued by the rilu Secretariat and had to be approved by the rilu Berlin Bureau. At first, this strategy seemed to have worked. The new unit was for several months an unwritten chapter for government authorities. A lengthy report by a German police informant even claimed that the ish had been established at an interna- tional meeting of harbour workers and seamen held in Altona on 10/ 11 January 1931!14 A critical evaluation of the situation soon corrected this assumption: The 14 Report ‘Internationale Konferenz der R.G.O.’ by C.3 and C.4 to Abteilung ia, dated Altona 12.1.1931, Abt.
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