War Shows No Sign of Abating
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'You Do Not Know What Tomorrow
OCTOBER 31, 2020 MMirror-SpeirTHEror-SpeARMENIAN ctator Volume LXXXXI, NO. 16, Issue 4658 $ 2.00 NEWS The First English Language Armenian Weekly in the United States Since 1932 IN BRIEF Third Ceasefire Armenia Has 2 Azeri Broken by POWs; Azerbaijan 17 YEREVAN (PanARMENIAN.Net) — The Armenian side has two Azerbaijani prisoners of war who have Azerbaijan as been interrogated, according to Rafayel Vardanyan, Head of the Department of Criminalistics at Armenia’s Investigative Committee. Death Toll “They are kept in conditions that comply with international humanitarian law, receive appropriate Mounts medical care and food,” Vardanyan told reporters on Tuesday, October 27. STEPANAKERT (Combined Sources) — Vardanyan said 17 servicemen from the Fighting in the Nagorno-Karabakh conflict Armenian side are currently kept in Azerbaijan. zone reportedly spread on Tuesday, October It was reported earlier that an Armenian civilian 27, to an area adjacent to Armenia’s border named Azniv Baghdasaryan was captured by the with Iran. Azerbaijani military on October 7. The Armenian Defense Ministry accused the Azerbaijani army of shelling its border Georgia Bars posts and wounding several Armenian ser- vicemen in the morning. The Azerbaijani Ambulances Headed to side used artillery and combat drones, it said, adding that one of those unmanned Armenia aerial vehicles was shot down over TBILISI (News.am) — Georgia on October 26 Armenian territory. blocked a batch of ambulances from entering A ministry spokeswoman, Shushan Armenia through the Upper Lars border checkpoint Stepanyan, said Armenian army units and between Russia and Georgia, reported the Telegram border guards had to strike back in response. channel of Infoteka 24. -
The Mujahedin in Nagorno-Karabakh: a Case Study in the Evolution of Global Jihad
The Mujahedin in Nagorno-Karabakh: A Case Study in the Evolution of Global Jihad Michael Taarnby 9/5/2008 WP 20/2008 The Mujahedin in Nagorno-Karabakh: A Case Study in the Evolution of Global Jihad Michael Taarnby Summary The current volume of publications dealing with Islamist militancy and terrorism defies belief in terms of its contents. The topic of this paper is a modest attempt to direct more attention and interest towards the much overlooked sub-field of historical research within Jihadi studies. Introduction The current volume of publications dealing with Islamist militancy and terrorism defies belief in terms of its contents. This can be perceived as part of a frantic effort to catch up for the lack of attention devoted to this phenomenon during the 1980s and 1990s, when this field of research field was considerably underdeveloped. The present level of research activity is struggling to keep pace with developments. Thus, it is primarily preoccupied with attempting to describe what is actually happening in the world right now and possibly to explain future developments. This is certainly a worthwhile effort, but the topic of this paper is a modest attempt to direct more attention and interest towards the much overlooked sub-field of historical research within Jihadi studies. The global Jihad has a long history, and everyone interested in this topic will be quite familiar with the significance of Afghanistan in fomenting ideological support for it and for bringing disparate militant groups together through its infamous training camps during the 1990s. However, many more events have been neglected by the research community to the point where most scholars and analysts are left with an incomplete picture, that is most often based on the successes of the Jihadi groups. -
Mid-Year Update: 10 Conflicts to Worry About in 2021
Red Lines: Up- heaval and Con- tainment in the Horn of Afri- ca Red Lines: Up- heaval and Con- tainment in the Horn of Afri- ca MID-YEAR jhkjUPDATE: 10 CONFLICTS TO WORRY ABOUT IN 2021 The Armed Conflict Location & Event Data Project (ACLED) August 2021 TABLE OF CONTENTS (in no particular order) ETHIOPIA 2 INDIA AND PAKISTAN 5 MYANMAR 8 HAITI 11 BELARUS 14 COLOMBIA 17 ARMENIA AND AZERBAIJAN 20 YEMEN 23 MOZAMBIQUE 27 THE SAHEL 30 EDITED BY: Timothy Lay, Roudabeh Kishi, and Sam Jones GRAPHICS BY: Adam Miller, Josh Satre, and Elliott Bynum LAYOUT BY: Sogand Afkari WITH CONTRIBUTIONS BY: Braden Fuller and Clionadh Raleigh (Ethiopia) Ashik KC (India and Pakistan) Elliott Bynum (Myanmar) Sandra Pellegrini and Maria Fernanda Arocha (Haiti) Franklin Holcomb (Belarus) Bhavani Castro (Colombia) Franklin Holcomb (Armenia and Azerbaijan) Valentin d'Hauthuille (Yemen) Sam Ratner (Mozambique) Héni Nsaibia (The Sahel) ACLED ANALYSIS | ACLEDDATA.COM | 1 ANALYSIS Ethiopia: Administrative contests in the context of rising ethno-nationalism Braden Fuller and Clionadh Raleigh The summer of 2021 has been the most destabilizing efforts by the central government to govern the re- time yet in Prime Minister Abiy Ahmed’s tenure. While gion (VOA Amharic, 1 June 2021; Office of the Prime the general election resulted in the Prosperity Par- Minister – Ethiopia, 3 June 2021). As federal soldiers ty’s (PP) overwhelming victory, violence from multi- struggled to maintain territorial control, Ethiopia’s ple active insurgencies in Ethiopia has overwhelmed top officials have faced heavy diplomatic pressure federal resources, with the threat posed by the Tigray — including sanctions — over the involvement of Er- People’s Liberation Front (TPLF) most apparent in re- itrean troops, civilian targeting, and sexual violence cent summer months. -
International Delegation Commemorates Genocide Anniversary in Istanbul
MAY 11, 2013 MirTHErARoMENr IAN -Spe ctator Volume LXXXIII, NO. 43, Issue 4288 $ 2.00 NEWS IN BRIEF The First English Language Armenian Weekly in the United States Since 1932 Buildings for Syrian International Delegation Commemorates Refugees in Armenia YEREVAN (Armenpress) — Sites have been chosen in the cities of Ashtarak, Echmiadzin and Masis for Genocide Anniversary in Istanbul the construction of buildings and detached houses for the Syrian-Armenians settled in the Republic of ISTANBUL — An unprece - Armenia. dented joint delegation of the The chief of staff at the Diaspora Ministry, Firdus Armenian General Benevolent Zakaryan, stated that upon the successful conclu - Union (AGBU) Europe and sion of the program, other sites will also be allo - European Grassroots Antiracist cated in future. Movement (EGAM) comprising Zakaryan stressed: “There are three elements in 20 people from 15 European the programs. The government of the Republic of countries, gathered here to Armenia will also contribute to the program. The commemorate the Armenian Syrian-Armenian community will pay for a certain Genocide of 1915. They were part of the cost, and the rest will be paid by the invited by DurDe! (Say Stop to sponsor. The first sponsor has already been found. Racism and Nationalism), a Upon the wishes of the Syrian-Armenians, Turkish organization that has detached houses will be built as well.” been commemorating the The Yerevan State University of Architecture and Armenian Genocide for the past Construction will provide its services free of four years. charge. The sites were allocated upon the order of On April 24, symbolically at President Serge Sargisian. -
American University of Armenia the Impact Of
AMERICAN UNIVERSITY OF ARMENIA THE IMPACT OF DIASPORA AND DUAL CITIZENSHIP POLICY ON THE STATECRAFT PROCESS IN THE REPUBLIC OF ARMENIA A MASTER’S ESSAY SUBMITTED TO THE FACULTY OF THE GRADUATE SCHOOL OF POLITICAL SCIENCE AND INTERNATIONAL AFFAIRS FOR PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE DEGREE OF MASTER OF ARTS BY ARLETTE AVAKIAN YEREVAN, ARMENIA May 2008 SIGNATURE PAGE ___________________________________________________________________________ Faculty Advisor Date ___________________________________________________________________________ Dean Date AMERICAN UNIVERSITY OF ARMENIA May 2008 2 ACKNOWLEDGMENTS The work on my Master’s Essay was empowered and facilitated by the effort of several people. I would like to express my deep gratitude to my faculty adviser Mr. Vigen Sargsyan for his professional approach in advising and revising this Master’s Essay during the whole process of its development. Mr. Sargsyan’s high professional and human qualities were accompanying me along this way and helping me to finish the work I had undertaken. My special respect and appreciation to Dr. Lucig Danielian, Dean of School of Political Science and International Affairs, who had enormous impact on my professional development as a graduate student of AUA. I would like to thank all those organizations, political parties and individuals whom I benefited considerably. They greatly provided me with the information imperative for the realization of the goals of the study. Among them are the ROA Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Armenian Assembly of America Armenia Headquarter, Head Office of the Hay Dat (Armenian Cause) especially fruitful interview with the International Secretariat of the Armenian Revolutionary Federation Bureau in Yerevan, Tufenkian Foundation, Mr. Ralph Yirikyan, the General Manager of Viva Cell Company, Mr. -
The Shifting Geopolitics of the Black Sea Region
The Shifting Geopolitics of the Black Sea Region Actors, Drivers and Challenges Geir Flikke (ed.), Einar Wigen, Helge Blakkisrud and Pål Kolstø Norwegian Institute of International Affairs International of Institute Norwegian Institutt Utenrikspolitisk Norsk NUPI Report Publisher: Norwegian Institute of International Affairs Copyright: © Norwegian Institute of International Affairs 2011 ISBN: 978-82-7002-303-5 Any views expressed in this publication are those of the authors. They should not be interpreted as reflecting the views of the Norwegian Institute of International Affairs. The text may not be printed in part or in full without the permission of the authors. Visiting address: C.J. Hambros plass 2d Address: P.O. Box 8159 Dep. NO-0033 Oslo, Norway Internet: www.nupi.no E-mail: [email protected] Fax: [+ 47] 22 36 21 82 Tel: [+ 47] 22 99 40 00 The Shifting Geopolitics of the Black Sea Region Actors, Drivers and Challenges Geir Flikke (ed.), Einar Wigen, Helge Blakkisrud and Pål Kolstø Introduction2 The Black Sea has long been a focal point for regionalization. Both the EU and NATO have had a proactive policy in the region, and various cooperative arrangements have been made to enhance multilateral mari- time governance in the Black Sea. Numerous regional mechanisms for interaction and cooperation among the littoral states have been set up, such as the Organization of the Black Sea Economic Cooperation (BSEC), the Black Sea Forum for Dialogue and Partnership (BSF) and the Black Sea Initiative of the EU (BSI). In January 2011, the European Parliament adopted a resolution on the Black Sea, reflecting the fact that since 2005 the region itself has entered a new modus operandi. -
Taliban Fragmentation FACT, FICTION, and FUTURE by Andrew Watkins
PEACEWORKS Taliban Fragmentation FACT, FICTION, AND FUTURE By Andrew Watkins NO. 160 | MARCH 2020 Making Peace Possible NO. 160 | MARCH 2020 ABOUT THE REPORT This report examines the phenomenon of insurgent fragmentation within Afghanistan’s Tali- ban and implications for the Afghan peace process. This study, which the author undertook PEACE PROCESSES as an independent researcher supported by the Asia Center at the US Institute of Peace, is based on a survey of the academic literature on insurgency, civil war, and negotiated peace, as well as on interviews the author conducted in Afghanistan in 2019 and 2020. ABOUT THE AUTHOR Andrew Watkins has worked in more than ten provinces of Afghanistan, most recently as a political affairs officer with the United Nations. He has also worked as an indepen- dent researcher, a conflict analyst and adviser to the humanitarian community, and a liaison based with Afghan security forces. Cover photo: A soldier walks among a group of alleged Taliban fighters at a National Directorate of Security facility in Faizabad in September 2019. The status of prisoners will be a critical issue in future negotiations with the Taliban. (Photo by Jim Huylebroek/New York Times) The views expressed in this report are those of the author alone. They do not necessarily reflect the views of the United States Institute of Peace. An online edition of this and related reports can be found on our website (www.usip.org), together with additional information on the subject. © 2020 by the United States Institute of Peace United States Institute of Peace 2301 Constitution Avenue NW Washington, DC 20037 Phone: 202.457.1700 Fax: 202.429.6063 E-mail: [email protected] Web: www.usip.org Peaceworks No. -
Appeasement and Autonomy | Armenian
APPEASEMENT AND AUTONOMY BRIEF / 2 Jan 2021 Armenian-Russian relations from revolution to war by GEOPOLITICALSERIES Narek Sukiasyan PhD candidate and teaching associate at Yerevan State University, Armenia Summary › Armenia’s 2018 Velvet Revolution did not INTRODUCTION change the country’s foreign and secu- rity policy priorities: a close security al- Armenia’s foreign policy and its role in the post-Soviet liance with Russia has been used to bal- space are often characterised as ‘pro-Russian’. While ance its regional adversaries Turkey and such a description is partially true, it is overly sim- Azerbaijan; however, the revolutionary plistic. This Brief analyses the main trends and evolu- prime minister Nikol Pashinyan has also at- tions in Armenia’s Russia policy after the 2018 Velvet tempted to increase Armenia’s autonomy Revolution: how the changes have influenced Russia’s vis-à-vis Russia. approach towards Armenia, how these dynamics af- › Pashinyan’s attempts to address the for- fect Armenia’s autonomy and what the consequences mer presidents’ abuses of power and cur- of the 2020 Nagorno-Karabakh war are for Armenia’s tail Russian influence in Armenia, coupled regional security and alliances. with moves that could have been interpret- ed as anti-Russian, have created tensions After the revolution and up until the 2020 with Moscow. Nagorno-Karabakh war, no substantial strategic changes were made to Armenian foreign policy. The › The need to sustain the strategic alliance leadership has avoided framing its external affairs in circumstances in which the Kremlin has in geopolitical ‘pro or against’ terms, promoting a been deeply mistrustful of Armenia’s new ‘pro-Armenian’ policy that aims to maintain good re- leadership has forced Pashinyan’s govern- lations in all directions and prioritises sovereignty as ment to appease Russia. -
Glendale Exhibits Explore Concept of Inherited Trauma of Armenian Genocide
MARCH 24, 2018 Mirror-SpeTHE ARMENIAN ctator Volume LXXXVIII, NO. 35, Issue 4530 $ 2.00 NEWS The First English Language Armenian Weekly in the United States Since 1932 INBRIEF Washington Armenian Aliyev Insists on Community Unites in ‘Historic Azeri Lands’ Support of Artsakh In Armenia BAKU (RFE/RL) — Azerbaijan’s President Ilham Aliyev has stood by his claims that much of By Aram Arkun modern-day Armenia lies in “historic Azerbaijani Mirror-Spectator Staff lands.” “I have repeatedly said and want to say once again that the territory of contemporary Armenia WASHINGTON — Upon the initiative of is historic Azerbaijani lands. There are numerous the representation of Artsakh in the United books and maps confirming that,” Aliyev said on States, the Armenian Assembly of America Monday, March 19, at the start of official celebra- and the Armenian National Committee of tions of Nowruz, the ancient Persian New Year America (ANCA) organized a reception and marked as a public holiday in Azerbaijan. banquet for the Armenian community on “The Azerbaijani youth must know this first and March 17 at the University Club in foremost. Let it know that most of modern-day Washington D. C. to honor the visiting del- Armenia is historic Azerbaijani lands. We will egation of the Republic of Artsakh led by never forget this,” he said. President Bako Sahakyan. Aliyev has repeatedly made such statements, The bilingual event was moderated by Annie Totah receives a medal from President Bako Sahakyan, while Aram Hamparian holds the medal he just got (photo: Aram Arkun) most recently on February 8. Speaking at a pre- Annie Simonian Totah, board member of election congress of his Yeni Azerbaycan party, he the Armenian Assembly, and Aram pledged to “return Azerbaijanis” to Yerevan, Hamparian, executive director of the two Armenian lobbying organizations of pointed out that the ANCA and the Syunik province and the area around Lake Sevan. -
This Is a Self-Archived Version of an Original Article. This Version May Differ from the Original in Pagination and Typographic Details
This is a self-archived version of an original article. This version may differ from the original in pagination and typographic details. Author(s): Sahradyan, Sonya; Elo, Maria Title: The Role of Linguistic Resources in the Institutional Organisation of the Armenian Diaspora in Finland Year: 2019 Version: Accepted version (Final draft) Copyright: © Springer International Publishing AG, part of Springer Nature 2019 Rights: In Copyright Rights url: http://rightsstatements.org/page/InC/1.0/?language=en Please cite the original version: Sahradyan, S., & Elo, M. (2019). The Role of Linguistic Resources in the Institutional Organisation of the Armenian Diaspora in Finland. In M. Elo, & I. Minto-Coy (Eds.), Diaspora Networks in International Business : Perspectives for Understanding and Managing Diaspora Business and Resources (pp. 299-319). Cham: Springer International Publishing AG. doi:10.1007/978-3-319- 91095-6_15 The Role of Linguistic Resources in the Institutional Organisation of the Armenian Diaspora in Finland Sonya Sahradyan and Maria Elo Abstract This chapter presents a linguistic ethnographic case study exploring the role of linguistic resources in the institutional organisation of the Armenian diaspora within the Finnish context. Even though the Armenian diasporas across the globe have been extensively studied in various countries, relatively little research has been conducted on linguistic resources employed in the institutional organisation of the Armenian diasporas. In addition, to our knowledge, no single research has focused on the Armenian diaspora residing in Finland or organisational work done at the institutional level within the Finnish context. The study reported here attempts to address these gaps by drawing upon multi-sited ethnographic fieldwork, more pre- cisely, participant observations and informal interviews conducted with Armenian volunteers of the non-governmental organisation (NGO) promoting the organisation of the Armenian diaspora at the institutional level in Finland. -
Nagorno-Karabakh's
Nagorno-Karabakh’s Gathering War Clouds Europe Report N°244 | 1 June 2017 Headquarters International Crisis Group Avenue Louise 149 • 1050 Brussels, Belgium Tel: +32 2 502 90 38 • Fax: +32 2 502 50 38 [email protected] Preventing War. Shaping Peace. Table of Contents Executive Summary ................................................................................................................... i I. Introduction ..................................................................................................................... 1 II. Ongoing Risks of War ....................................................................................................... 2 A. Military Tactics .......................................................................................................... 4 B. Potential Humanitarian Implications ....................................................................... 6 III. Shifts in Public Moods and Policies ................................................................................. 8 A. Azerbaijan’s Society ................................................................................................... 8 1. Popular pressure on the government ................................................................... 8 2. A tougher stance ................................................................................................... 10 B. Armenia’s Society ....................................................................................................... 12 1. Public mobilisation and anger -
Table of Contents
Table of Contents 1. Social Economic Background & Current Indicators of Syunik Region...........................2 2. Key Problems & Constraints .............................................................................................23 Objective Problems ...................................................................................................................23 Subjective Problems..................................................................................................................28 3. Assessment of Economic Resources & Potential ..............................................................32 Hydropower Generation............................................................................................................32 Tourism .....................................................................................................................................35 Electronics & Engineering ........................................................................................................44 Agriculture & Food Processing.................................................................................................47 Mineral Resources (other than copper & molybdenum)...........................................................52 Textiles......................................................................................................................................55 Infrastructures............................................................................................................................57