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RESEARCH • MANUFACTURING • COMMUNICATIONS • BROADCASTING • TELEVISION

VOLUME S NUMBER 4 July 1949

CONTENTS

PAGE )VER MAN AND SCIENCE by Brig. Getieral David S

>tic-clomed microwave THE MILLIONTH TV TUBE '^ jiving stations known as .1. H. MCCONNELL ELECTED RCA EXECUTIVE V.P 8 idomes," erected by C atop the RCA Biiild- TELEVISION AND HUMAN RIGHTS

, Radio City, insure de- /))/ Robert P. Mucrs 9 dable. high-i|iiaiity tele- on pici

RCA — IN SERVICE TO THE NATION 16

TRAINS EMPLOYEES EOR CAREERS

bij Ernesf de la Oxsa 18

TELEVISION OUTLOOK IS BRIGHT 20

RCA INSTITUTES HOLDS GRADUATION 23 HONORARY DEGREES TO FOLSOM AND ENGSTROM 24

DESIGNING EXPORT RADIOS

bij Jiihii Vassds 25 Services of RCA are : THE RCA EXHIBITION HALL 26 ^A Laboratories Division 28 • "MACBETH" SETS VIDEO RECORD

RCA Victor Division ZWORYKIN RECEIVES LAMME MEDAL 29

NAVY HONORS DR. WOLFF 30 i!A Communications, Inc. RCA TO OPEN NEW PLANT 31 larine Corporation of America TELEVISION IN INDUSTRY 32

il Broadcasting Company. Inc. R.\DIO CORPOR.A.TIOX OF AMERICA RCA Institutes, Inc.

)A Service Company, Inc.

;A International Division V. •

Man and Science

General Sarnoff Telh Medical Group "Hutnati Race Remains in Dan^erom Ignorance of Itself Adrocates Coordination of Scientific Specialists in a "Supreme Quest", Utilizing Atomic Energy — He Proposes "Radionctics" as New Branch of Electronic Science Applied to the Human Body

1.MMEDIATE use and coordin:i- tion of every new force in botli the physical and social sciences to learn "what makes man tick" and to improve his well-beinK were iirped by BriK- General David

Sarnoff, Chairman of the Board ol' the Radio Corporation of America. in an address before the Interna- tional Congress on Rheumatic Dis- eases at The Waldorf-Astoria, on June 1. General Sarnoff recommended that such a project bepin at once with a penetrating study of man himself, using atomic energy and radiations, electronics and all the other scientific tools now available for research and investigation. Used together, he emphasized, these should point the way to improve man's health and his physical, men- tal and spiritual equipment. He pro- posed the —creation of a new branch of science "Radionetics"—to deal RKIC. GENERAL DAVID SARNOFE (RIGHT), WHO MADE THE PRI.NCII'AL with the application of electronics ADDRESS AT THE BA.NQUET OF THE I.NTER.N' ATIO.VAL CONGRESS ON to the human body. RHF.CMATIC DISEASES, CHATS WITH DR. CORNELIUS H. TREAGER, CHAIR- MAN OF THE BANQUET COMMITTEE. In stating his thesis. General Sarnoff based his recommendations on the premise that, despite the "I appear before this notable nated him. He recalled that, in fact, great advances of science and tech- group of experts on medicine in the in 191.5. before the splitting of the nology, the "human race remain.- role of an amateur," he said, "but at(mi created the death-dealing blast in dangerous ignorance of itself". I gain some measure of courage at Hiroshima, he had prepared a He charged that largely because of from the fact that I also began my paper entitled "Science for Life or this ignorance, a world "that might career as a wireless amateur. After Death"—the theme of which was have peace and plenty and happier 43 years in radio, I do not mind con- atomic energy. and wiser inhabitants is threatened fessing that I am still an amateur. At that time, he said, he thought by violence, hunger, and desola- Despite many great achievements primarily of the ajiplication of tion". in the science of radio and elec- atomic power to science, industry tronics, what we know today is far and waifare. Since then, his think- Scientific Study of Man Needed less than what we have still to learn. ing has been directed to the possi- "Only through a concerted, scien- "Probably the same may be said bilities of atomic energy and elec- tific study of man, as well as of of biology and medicine and of manv tronics, inside of man as well as machines," he asserted, "can we phases of the older physical and outside of him. make full use of our God-given social sciences. The opportunities "It is my belief that controlled powers to improve man's mental that lie ahead for research and de- atomic energy puts us on the thres- capabilities and his spiritual out- velopment in all these fields, and hold of new opportunities. Coupled look." especially in the new divisions of with electronics, it offers vast pos- At the outset of his address. Gen- science involving atomic energy and sibilities to look inside of man— eral Sarnoff disclaimed any "spe- radiobiology, would seem to be un- and perhaps to discover what makes cialized" knowledge of the fields limited." him function and why he behaves which he planned to discuss before General Sarnoff said the subject as he does. the medical congress. of atomic energy has long fasci- "Men have explored and have be-

[RADIO AGE 3] :

to act early enough to repair and restore the cells under attack. "If human cells can be destroyed, why should there not be some way to protect and heal them without resorting to surjrery? There would seem to be some reason for hope in this idea, for already we have dis- covered how to split, change and control the atom and its energy. If we can learn how to do the .same with the human cell, we may dis- cover how to control the individual cells of man and thus be enabled to improve the functioning of the human body." General SarnofT declared that this is but one of the possibilities THE FISSION OK THE ATOM TURNED THE HARSH DREAMS OF A RUTHLESS that emphasizes the urgency of a EMPIRE INTO BARKEN RE(;RETS." penetrating study of man himself, as well as of the methods and plans which would secure to all mankind Kun to comprehend the very hearts "We may well hope, therefore," the benefits to which the individual of atoms. Yet. they larjrely fail to he continued, "that the electron and instinctively feels himself entitled. understaiui each other. Men may its atomic companions will lead us "The need of such a program can- see and hear electrically to the ut- to the cure of dread diseases. And not be over-emphasized." he as- most limits of this planet. Yet, it may be that in the further study serted. "The impact of new scien- their minds fail to cross even the of man's electrical frequencies and tific advances on the mind, emo- narrow boundaries of their indi- his intercommunication system— in tions, and physical makeup of man vidual and K'roup consciousness. Nor the application of electronics to the has been i)rofound and at times be- do they understand how their human body—we shall develop a wildering. thoughts and emotions are born and new branch of science. Coininjr a

by what power they jrrow to new word to describe it, I would Science Affects Human Habits fruition. offer the term "Radionetics". "Is "Atomic energy, electrical power, this force electricity? Is the "Recently, in this field, eminent human body an electric power physicians have reported the de- instant communication, winged house? Does it have a communica- velopment of electro-acoustic de- transportation, radio, television, tion system that continually radi- vices, sonic and ultra-sonic, as aids motor cars, and a host of other ates of thoujrht of life waves and emotion? in the detection of kidney-stones dynamic manifestations have basically the en- "When we understand each other, and Kail-stones, in the location of changed human is it wonder of because we are attuned to each foreiKn objects in the body, as well vironment. No so much

other I finds its electrically, or should say as tumors in the brain. Further, a humanity surroundings electronically, in much the same new techniiiue for detecting cancer confusing and, therefore, is unable is to itself to rapid way that a distant radio receiver of the cervix has been repoi'ted, in adjust these in with broadcastinjr tune a station? which a simple electrical test shows changes." If this so. should is need for a new be we learn the when a malignant growth exists in There grave electrical characteristics of the the body. type of scientific worker or. to be human body. We should learn h

[4 RADIO AGE] "over-all knowledge' can evolve, spe- tories of the Radio Corporation of cial channels for those that have cialists should be coordinated in America are cooiierating with the been worn out or destroyed by acci- carefully associated ^'•roups. On the Memorial Hospital in this vital dent or disease. one hand, there will he needed ex- work. For this privilege we are in- General Sarnoff stressed the im- perts in mathematics, physics, debted to Mrs. Albert D. Lasker. portance of working in the world chemistry, and enjrineerinjr. to pro- who first suggested the idea to me of the infinitesimal, of studying the vide the fundamental methods, phys- and arranged a meeting between power of little things in the hitherto ical laws, apparatus and analogues the scientists of RCA and of the unseen, sub-microscopic world. necessary to a research on man ;\Iemorial Hospital which led to this He said that by dealing with tiny himself. cooperative effort." things, man has released atomic en- General Sarnoff told of the need ergy and "literally clasped hands Skilled Men Must Be Assembled for a wide variety of ultra-modern with Nature". "But there must likewise be as- tools, including electronic calcula- "So we may be watching the birth sembled correspondingly skilled men tors, television-scanning processes, of a new i)hilosophical concept, in the fields of biology, psychology, and measuring devices, to conduct based on dependence on the tiniest and medicine. The latter will define the research. elements." he confided. "Its human the problems, analyze them, and use He said there are many lines and physical significance may well their cumulative knowledge of sci- along which such an intensive study be incredibly greater than that of ence towards finding the solutions. of man might proceed, one of the the older modes of thought which "Fortunately, significant begin- most promising directions being to centered on large bodies or theorized nings have been made toward ac- select that element in man which vainly and incorrectly about small complishing these aims. An import- is found at the smallest end of the ones." ant instance of such integration scale—namely, the living cell. He The course of research into the of the various branches of science reminded his audience that, con- utilization of atomic energy in the is found in the work of Xorbert sidered as a biological specimen, human body has already begun and Wiener, a professor of mathematics man consists of trillions of such it has progressed to a point where at Massachusetts Institute of Tech- individual cells. Each carries an it is rapidly becoming significant, nology. He has applied the theory, indication of the nature, person- he continued, pointing out that methods, and eciuipmcnt used in ality, and behavior of the individual physicists have leai'ned how to make the fields of communications and tNew York. I am happy may also teach us how to repair to sav that the Research Labora- defects or how to substitute artifi-

"COMPUTING MACHINES EXIST WHICH CAN PERFORM SOME OF THE FUNC- TIONS OF THE HUMAN MIND Bl'T FAR MORE SWIFTLY THAN ANY MIND CAN THINK." ments are now in ample supply. a result, many persons suffer se- control of them they gradually de-

They can be introduced into livinjf verely, particularly in their nervous crease and finally fail".' . . . beinKs and their action in the body systems. •'We have but to reflect that studied by electrical, photoRraijhic, Sedatives and similar expedients plants feed on sunlight — a form of and other means. They open the are poor substitutes foi- a strongei-, radiation. If radiation of one sort door to a host of new biolojrical and more enduring nervous system, he may bring into the world the beauty medical techniques. continued, adding: of a (lower, the growth of a tree "These substances have been "Maybe correctly selected and ap- and of food for our bodily nourish- aptly termed "tracers'. In living plied forms of atomic energy will ment, may not energy or radiation organisms they act as "biological feed and strengthen our nervous of another sort bring strength, or- detectives' and reveal much that makeup, thus helping us better to der, and endurance into the hum:in would otherwise be unknown. This meet the jiressures of life. frame? is a branch of scientific investiga- "Today man is largely ruled by "It is true that today we have tion which is already in rapid evolu- his emotional reactions. Perhaps, no more idea of just how such a tion. It will facilitate the detailed even the human brain can be process could be carried out than study of body functions, metabolism strenghtened in its relation to the primitive man had of the action of and circulation in the living ani- remainder of the human controlling radio, television, or nuclear fission.

mal . . . mechanism. If so, much good would I!ut the unknown is not the un- "One may pass into the realm of come to mankind." knowable. In the case of atomic speculation at this i)oint by assum- energy, there is a strong intuitive Discusses Atomic Power ing that atomic energy will not feeling that this agency will yet lay only serve for the treatment of al>- Discussing the possibility of con- rich stores of amazing gifts before normal conditions of the human trolling the atomic power within us, if onl.v we have the determina- body but may be used to repel man himself, General SarnofF had tion to overcome the barriers which bacterial invaders and perhaps this to say: now guard these gifts." strenghten and stimulate normal "This at least is certain: if man Describing the cosmic nature of ceils and tissues. were capable of I'cleasing and bene- man, with his self-contained aggre- ""How far such tissues and their ficiallv controlling even a minor gation of matter and energy. Gen- cells might be increased in their portion of the atomic energy within eral SarnofT pointed out that were efficiency and probable life span is himself, his jjowers would be tre- we to regard man as an evolving so far unknown. Who can say how mendously enhanced. cosmos within himself, there would powerful and long-lived man may "What is more, there would be seem to be many capabilities and become as he learns further how placed at his disposal a practic-dly potentialities as yet unrealized. to master these fundamental cosmic limitless reservoir of energy. To- Thus the theory of the cosmic na- forces and to apply thcni to himself day, men face such (juestions as: ture of man suggests the possibili- as well as to the outside world'.'" Why does our individual store of ties for speeding up these evolu- Under existing conditions, he energy deteriorate and our i)hysical tionary processes, he said. said, modern man is subjected, to and mental power progressively Struggles Survival an increasing and dangerous ex- weaken until eventually we die? Man for tent, to the need of living at high ""Often old age and its cramped "In the history of mankind, the speed under continued and some- capabilities are indicted too early struggles of men often have been times intense strain, and to the in life. Could it be that our stores mainly for sheer survival." he re- necessity for enduring these con- of energy are atomic in character'.' called. "For his continued existence, ditions for prolonged periods. As Could it be that through lack of our man has needed food, shelter, and clothing. The world wars which devastated the earth have sprung "ALREADY WK HAVE DISCOVEREI) TO SIM. IT, HOW CHANGE AND CONTROL THE primarily from the desire on the ATOM AND ITS ENKRi;Y."" part of one or another people to control the limited resources of this l)lanet. \'ital resources are not evenly distributed on this earth and this fact has produced dissatisfac- tion and hatred. "With the increase in our under- standing of the universe and of our mastery of the great forces of atomic energy, the struggle for mere physical survival should dis- ai'pear. With freedom from this physical struggle, the opportunity for advancing mentally and spiritu- ally will be immeasurably increased.

( (oiitiiiiii ft (Id page II)

[6 RADIO AGE] were picked up by a battery of .\'HC image orthicon cameras, TV set owners watched the "milestone tube" from its beginning. ;is a number of individuid parts, to its completion as a high-quality kine- scope, checked, inspected and in- serted into a receiver.

Tube Assembly Revealed |"hese viewers saw jets of intense (lame weld the metal cone to the glass tube forming the neck and to the glass face plate which eventu- ally would be the viewing .screen of the kinescope. They witne.ssed the insertion of the finely-engineered and inti-icate electron gun into the

Rl'A I'KKSlllKM . L. W. TKK(^AU|iK.N . Ml K I'KI-.SIDKM IN FRANK M. FOI.SOM. neck, and then the majority of CHARGE OF TECIINKAL PRODUCTS, RCA VICTOR DIVISION. AND NILES viewers learned, for the first time, TRAMMF.I.L, PRESIDENT OF NBC, EXAMINE THE MILLIONTH TELEVISION PIC- TURE TUBE PRODUCED BV RCA. how the fluorescent material which forms the picture screen was poured into the tube as a liquid solution and allowed to settle out THE MILLIONTH TV TUBE into position on the face plate. During the telecast from Lan- Production of "Milestone" Kinacope at Lancaster Plant Observed caster. NBC shifted the action by Television Viewers on 1 1 -Station Network briefly to its New York studios for TllK millionth television picture tck'\ision salute, which also sig- the address by Mr. F'olsom and a tube to be produced by the Ra- nalized the official opening of Lan- musical selection by Miss Blanche dio Corporation of America rolled caster's fiivst television station. Thebom, Metropolitan Opera star. off one of the production lines at WGAL-TV. scenes of activities Mass-production of the complex the fompan.v's Lancaster, Penna., within the busy tube plant \vere and sensitive television i)icture tube plant on .June 7. under the eyes of transmitted over an NBC Tele- on a conveyor-belt and automatic KCA officials and millions of tele- vision Network of 11 stations. machinery basis, first achieved at viewers alonjr the Atlantic Coast Using facilities provided by coaxial the RCA Lancaster plant in 1916, and as far west as Chicago. The cable and radio relays, viewers in assured the industry of a large- tube, which climaxed three years of Washington. Philadelphia, P.oston. volume su))i)ly of the most vital intensified efforts to produce suffi- Baltimore, Richmond, liuffalo. comi)onent in a home television re- cient kinescopes for the mushroom- Cleveland, Detroit, Chicago, Lan- ceiver. This wtLs followed by the ing television industry, was a 1(>- caster and New Haven were given mass-production and mass-market- inch metal-cone tube. Upon its com- an eye-witness step-by-step visual ing of home television receivers pletion and subsequent test, the description of the actual manufac- and the oi)eniiig of today's mass- tube was inserted in an RCA Victor ture of the millionth tube. With television era. receiver and presented to the \'all('y Commentator Ben Grauer explain- Source of about half of the tele- Forge Hospital for veteran.s. ing the sequence of scenes as they vision picture tubes now in use in

In an address which was part of the activities celebrating this mile- AN IMACE ORTHICON CAMERA. TIED INTO AN 11-STATION stone in television progress, Frank .VBC TELEVISIO.V .NETWORK, FOLLOWS THE PROGRESS OF M. Folsom, RCA President, recalled THE MILLIONTH KI.VESCOPE ON THE PRODUCTION LINE the spectacular rise of the video in- AT THE LANCASTER, PA., TUBE PLANT OF KCA. dustry since 1946.

"In that period," he said, "we have seen the number of television stations grow from five to 67, so that today this new service is with- in reach of 70 million people. We foresee continued progress. Tech- nical improvements will be forth- coming from our laboratories and they will be passed along as they are perfected." During the special 4.5-miniitc

[RADl O AGE 1] )

J. H. McConnell Elected Executive V.P. of RCA Election of Joseph H. McConnell as P'xecutive Vice President of the Radio Corporation of America was announced by Frank M. Folsom. President, following a meeting of

the Hoard of Directors on July 1.

Mr. McConnell, \'ice President in Charge of Finance of RCA since January 7, 10-19, has been as.soci- ated with the Corporation since 1911. In that year, he joined the Legal Department of the RCA Man- ufacturing Company, now the RCA Victor Division. He became Gen- eral Counsel of that organization in 19-12, and three years later he was LANIA'TKR PLANT MANAliKK li. V. SMITH PKtSKNTS TIIK MILLIONTH Tl'BE elected \'ice President AND AN RCA TELEVISION RECEIVER T(t MAJOR MARJORIE MIRTIN REPRE- and General SENTING THE VALLEY FORGE HOSPITAL FOR VETERANS. Attorney of the RCA Victor Divi- sion. From April, 19-17. to January. hiinu' receivers the all throughout the variety of substance.s which went 1949. he served the same Division country, the Lancaster plant was into the fabrication of the tube,- as \'ice President in Charge of Law built and operated durinjr the war themselves. for of the 92 known and Finance. l)y lU'A as the largest supplier of basic elements in the earth. Lan- A native of Davidson, N. (.'.. Mr. cathode-ray and power tubes for caster scientists and engineers McConnell was graduated from Da- critical war eiiuipment. found use for more than half of vid.son College in 1927. In 19:U. he At the end of the war, RCA pur- them. received a Law degree from the chased the plant from the V. S. University of Virginia. He prac- Navy and expended a million dol- ticed law in West Palm Beach, Fla.. lars for the development of high- Radomes Improve NBC and in Charlotte. N. C. speed automatic machinery special- ly created for processing metal and Microwave Reception In 19;?."). Mr. McConnell became

.^'( an associate in the New York law jrlass tul)es. I 1 (-(/ri / incline Two plastic housings for micro- firm of Cotton, Franklin, Wright i Plant Capacity Doubled wave-relay receiving eciuipment Gordon ( now Cahill. Gordon, Zachr> Since that time, further develop- have been erected by the National iSc Reindel), where he specialized ment of e(|uipment has more than Broadcasting Company on the roof in legal phases of government regu- douliled the plant's capacity. And of the (J9-story RCA lUiilding. lation of corporate enterprise. He is now, in addition, KCA is construct- Radio City, New York, for the pur- a member of Phi Beta Kappa anil ing a new manufacturing center at pose of improving the pickun o'" Kappa Alpha fraternities. Marion, Indiana, which will be de- television programs originating voted entirely to i)roduction of the outside the NBC studios. The plas- comi)any's newly introduced Hi-inch tic huts, called "radomes", provide direct-view metal-cone picture tube. an all-weather point-of-reception at Ill piddiicinjr a million kine- Radio City for video programs .scopes, enormous i|u;intities of ma- transmitted frtmi temporary field terial were needed. The glass that l«K-ations within a .'lO-mile radius. went into the formation of the tube According to O. B. Han.son, NBC envelopes weiirhed more than :?,000 Vice President and Chief Kncineer. tons. Fifteen hundred tons of stain- the receiving ecpiipment in the ra- less steel; 81 miles of tungsten domes consists of a six-foot parab- wire; 45,000 gallons of li(|uid air, ola which concentrates the short and 800 miles of nickel and copper radio waves—only about l-'i inches wire were consumed. The various in length — toward a waveguide proces.ses retiuired 22,000,000 kilo- element located at the focal point of watt hours of electricity, and to the parabola. The latter may be ship the total output of the plant rotated vertically and horizontally at one time would have ret|uired a for greatest efficiency in picking uji train of nearly 1,000 freight cars. the signals. Provisions are included Yet the (piantities of these major for heating the radomes in winter materials .-ire no more amazing than and ventilating them in summer. JOSEPH II. MC CONNEI.I.

[8 RADIO AGE] could sue the telecaster for invasion Television and Human Rights of his right of privacy. This is, obviously, an extreme case but nonetheless it points up Possible Invasion of Privacy by Video Cameras Presents Constant the fact that at times there might Problem to Producers of Television Programs be a very thin line between the use of television cameras to cover "news" and the making of a "feat- its works, is the one on which broad- ure" about a personality which casters and ASCAP now are hing- could be construed as an invasion ing their negotiations. However, of the right of privacy. all of us feel that an equitable ar- As a general rule, it must be re- rangement will be arrived at to per- membered that a person cannot be mit the further use of ASCAP held up to ridicule, that the cameras music on video. can cover matters of legitimate The music problem, which hap- public interest but that no indi- pens momentarily to be in the tele- vidual should be featured except in vision legal limelight, is but one of a true news sense. At public gather- scores of new problems that have Robert P. Myers ings, such as football games, it is By arisen with the growth of video. certainly permissible to "pan" Attorney Assistant General crowds. Many court decisions have National Broadcasting Company Camera May Invade Privacy arisen out of these points as they relate to motion pictures, but as yet Another sore point is the possi- test re- bility that the probing electronic there has been no clear-cut television attorneys jr" television uses. However, WHEN" eye will invade a person's right of garding to bed at night they don't evolved privacy. As example, suppose a definite pattern has been asleep they an count sheep to fall — result of past experiences. It that General Marshall were attend- as a count rights. They count music ing the Army-Navy football game: is clear that a camera pointing its rights; they count literary rights, The cameras, spotting him as he eyes to a remote and dark spot in motion picture rights, civil rights entered the arena, would naturally a pickup of a night club could in- and defamation, as well as commer- follow him through the portals, vade the right of privacy of two host contractual cial rights and a of individuals located in that spot. up the aisle, and into his seat. I rights. If the video lawyer is still However, in pickups such as those believe this is a matter of legitimate awake, he can try to figure out public concern and interest. What's NBC has been making from the whether his station's television more, every now and then — say Village Barn, where the individuals cameras that day invaded the right after an Army touchdown — the are apprised in advance that a tele- of privacy of an African potentate cameras would have a perfect right vision broadcast is being staged, at a football game. feels their to "pan" the crowd and settle on the NBC attorney that The insomniac barri.ster is most- General Marshall in the act of cheer- antics can be covered without much ly involved these days with the very fear of reprisal. ing the action. But if the broad- complicated problem of music caster were to place a camera on Where a person is held up to rights. The complications involve Marshall for the duration of the ridicule or embarrassment by the the working out of a new agreement football game, then this would cease television camera, the broadcaster with the -American Societ.v of Com- to be a news use and become a could find himself in trouble. The posers. Authors and Publishei's feature treatment of Marshall. In telecaster must also avoid misrepre- which will replace the so-called this instance, it would be a definite senting a person and his actions or "free" license which has existed for violation of his civil rights and he (Ciintiuiied on page hi) musical performances on television since 1941. As many of you know, the Television Music Committee of TELEVISI.VG GATHERINGS SUCH AS SPORTS EVE.NTS IS .VOT ORDl.VARILY the National Association of Broad- rO.VSIDERED AN INVASION OF THE RIGHT OK PRIVACY IF THE CAMERA casters iXABi and the television PICKS UP A PANORAMA OF THE CROWD A.ND DOES NOT CONCENTRATE ON AN INniVIDUAL. networks have been conducting a series of negotiations with ASCAP on this very problem. The big problem of working out an ASCAP agreement lies in the scope of the rights which the or- ganization possesses from its mem- bers for television. The problem of a general licensing agreement for

some of its music and special li- censing arrangement foi- others of

[RADIO AGE 9 Are film presentations better Viewers Rate Television Programs liked than live shows, or vice versa, and why? How long will an audience Studio Audience Sola Reactions nitli Hund-hcid Indicators — At spentl in front of a T\' set? Home, Criticism la Rcj^istered by Cues on I \' Images What .shows can be effectively

b road c a s t simultaneously on the likes and dislikes of up to 80 radio and television?

individuals a t t e n (I i n >r an NBC How effective are various "Television Review Time" session. types of TV commercials? Each audience member moves the Who is available to see day- instrument's knob to indicate time programming, and what "Good," "Fair" or "Poor". Each kinds of programming have movement of the instrument is re- greatest appeal for this group? corded by automatic pen, resulting How can specific programs be in an individual and collective "pro- slanted toward their primary file" of the video show. market audience? The inauguration of regular On May 17, NBC and Schwerin By Hugh M. Beville. Jr. (|ualitative testing of TV shows Research tested simultaneous home here at NBC is another indication Director i>i livsvarcli reactions of 1."?.000 midwest tele- of the speed with television Satiunal Broadcasting Comitany which viewers to "Quiz Kids." Reactions is pushing the to fore as a com- of the huge home sample, largest munications medium. It is a further ever obtained in qualitative tele- step in XRC's T\' research program television is pioneering the vision or radio research, were NVtC which now includes such features field of television research matched with reactions of two dif- as regular monthly estimates with audience reaction tests, work- of TV ferent types of studio "control" set ownership by cities and surveys ing in cooperation with the Horace audiences in New York in the most in places and periods Schwei-in Research Foundation. not covered comprehensive and far-reaching Ijy syndicated services. The Schwerin System of (jrogram- program-testing project ever at- testing utilizes electrical recorders tempted. Questions that measure not only immediate Raised By Television Revolutionary feature of the individual and collective audience Some of the old and new ques- home-viewer test was Schwerin's reaction to program content, but tions raised by television, according ap|)lication of the "number-cueing" also study such related factors as to Horace Schwerin. president of l)rinciple, basis for his organiza- size of viewing screen, film versus the research organization, are: tion's AM radio testing, to tele- live presentation, viewer fatigue, vision. Set-owners in the three TV What do audiences think of and many others. areas viewing "(Juiz Kids" also saw programs now on the air?

In setting up the test situations. small numbers, flashed for .'i seconds How should se(|uencing of jiro- NBC exhibits kinescope recordings each at approximately -lO-second grams be arranged? of its top shows in the RCA .Johnny intervals, superimposed on the pic- Victor Theatre two or three times Which camera techniciues are ture which appeared on their a week. Audience reaction is taken mo.st acceptable? screens. As they watched the show, with the Schwerin "TV Test-Trig- How long can scenes be held they indicated on ballots, which ger", an instrument which records before liking diminishes? were mailed to them prior to the

THE POPl'I.AR "Ql'IZ kids" PROGRAM WAS ONE OF THOSE Jl'miEP BY A SECTION OF THE TELEVISION AUDIENCE rSISr, THE SCHWERIN SYSTEM OF ANALYSIS. : )

THE "Ti;ST TKICCKR" (BELOW) IS HELD BY A VIEWER Wild MOVES THE TENTEIt KNOB TO "I'OOR", "EAIR" OR "COOD" AC- IDltniNC TO HIS REACTION TO PORTIONS OK THE PRUCRAM.

RUIIARD PAICE AND HORACE SCHVVERIN DISPLAY THE "TV REACTION RECORDER WITH ITS 80 TRACING PENS EACH OF WHICH IS CONNECTED TO A "TEST TRIGGER" MANIPULATED BY A MEMBER OF THE STUDIO AUDIENCE.

show's performance, how they How enjoyable and effective judjred portions of the proj.'ram. ai'e "i)anel (luiz" shows? sponsor and consumer. We have Only one of four "sample Kroups" To what extent are visual come through the experimental beinjir utilized in the Schwerin proj- "gimmicks" necessary? period in television ; now we're sys- of audi- ect used the "number-cueinp" How do audiences react to the ready to apply the acid test techniciues to our and tem. Recapitulation of T\ version of "Quiz Kids" com- ence reaction programs size of sample groups beinfr 111-ogram ideas. and pared to the AM version? used look like this Which types of questions are Nine thousand midwest TV fam- most popular? ilies (random sample) voting on commercials live telecasts by the "number-cue- How should the MAN AND SCIENCE ing" method. be handled ? a iititiiiiicd i riim jxiyt' <> Four thousand additional mid- Which groups (by age. sex, With greater powers and better west TV families, voting simultane- income, education) like which functioning of our physical bodies, ously on the live telecast, using portions of the program best, may we not reasonably hope for a "pictorial ([uestion" ballots on which and which least? corresponding improvement in our successive elements of the show Television in 1949 is in its ma- mental capabilities and spiritual were listed under pictures of Joe ture period. Of all the refinements outlook ? Kelley and the Quiz Kids. and improvements in store for the "In conclusion. I would like to Twelve hundred pre-selected tele- viewer and user of video in the repeat my belief that the new tools, vision viewers in New York, voting future, none is more important than including electronics and atomic in four SOO-person NBC studio ses- the NBC-Schwerin testing project. energy, which science continues to sions on the kinescope recording of We are sparing no expense to equip m.ake available, put us on the thres- the program, projected on a theatre- our test studios with multiple re- hold of new opportunities. Like- size screen, using the "number- ceivers, projectors, screens, elec- wise, they impose upon us great cueing" method. trical recorders and many other obligations to use them construc- technological items. Our purpose is Audience Records Reaction tively. The hour has come to bring to provids reliable data on audience than three hundred addi- their vast potential benefits to hu- More likes and dislikes in television, so tional New Yorkers, viewing the manity through concerted and sys- that our regular advertisers and kinescope recording on a closad cir- tematic research for the develop- those who haven't yet tried tele- cuit TV iirojt'ction set, in groups of ment of man himself. Only through the vision will be able to approach scientific efforts 7.^ each at the RCA .Johnny Victor such coordinated new medium with confidence and Theatre, used the "TV Test Trig- can man be assured of his survival familiarity. ger" and electric pen recording in this Atomic Age and of the full units. NBC predicts that no video event use of his God-given powers to Some of the questions this test of 1949 will surpass the Schwerin progress, to live in peace, and to will answer, are: tests in ultimate importance to both fulfill his destiny."

[RADIO AGE 111 lU.liTS AWAITINC THEIR Tl BN TO ClIDE «u SHIPS INTO THE HARBOR PASS THEIR TIME WATfHINt; VIDEO PRIKJRAMS ON AN m A Hi-lNtH RElEIVER IN THE SHIP'S

SMiiKINi; I iilSliK

PILOT BOAT NEW JERSEY. SHOWINi; THE LMSIAL HALo ANTENNA AMID- SHIPS WHIIH PICKS IP TELEVISION SIGNALS FROM NEW YORK AND PHILA- DELPHIA REGARDLESS OK THE POSITION OK THE SHIP WHEN STATIONED OKK NEW YORK HARBOR.

Television Harbor Pilots Boost rect current to the alternating cur- rent retpiired by the RCA set. In Relieves Mariners Boredom Receiver Installed on New Jersey of addition, the converter isolated the While on Station off New York Harbor receiver from electric disturbances created by the many motors and 1917. the pilots who ^alide the This gives larger, clearer pictures generators which otherwise would IN the world's lai'trest ships—and many and results in less jockeying for have affected the picture. posititins in the smok- smaller ones as well— into and out best viewing At all times, reception has been of New York's traffic-laden harbor ing lounge. excellent, despite the pitch and roll in.stalled an RCA ^'i^•tor television Television has made inveterate of the ship. The men watch pro- receiver aboard the Pilot Boat Xiir fans of the men, with prizefights grams from the six television sta- Jersey, one of their three floatin>r rating top priority on their program tions in New York and vicinity and. "homes", thereby joininjr the prog- list. Normally, few seafaring men occasionally, are able to pick up the ress parade of their land-lubber become bo.xing fans for the obvious three stations in Philadelphia, ovjr friends. Now. "20 months later, this reason that they get little oppor- 75 miles away. Frequently, wooden jrroup of mariners confesses that tunity to attend actual bouts ashore. benches must be brought in to ac- lon>r-e-stablishe(l shijiboard routines Now the television screen has commodate the crowd which some- have been drastically revised by the brought the .si|uared circle to the times numbers as high as 35 men. advent of television. harbor pilots, and, to a man. they "Selection of jirograms is quite a almost The transition took place have developed into ringside "ex- problem," one jiilot remarked. "Our overniRht. Images on the receiver's perts". tastes differ greatly, but the first take 10-inch screen moved in to man to reach the set usually wins Special Antennas Designed precedence over marathon card out. Boxing seems to be the one of books and r.efore the original installation jrames, the reading subject on which we all can agree." magazines, and other time-killing was made, Robert dray. .Joseph The pilots also enjoy baseball, devices. Those long evenings which Shuskus and .Icseph Rudolph of the wrestling, dramas and v a r i e t y the pilots had faced during tours of RCA Service Company made sev- shows, such as the Milton Berle duty at their station many miles eral trial runs on the Xcic Jerxcy program. They often sit in the outside the entrance to New York experimenting with several types lounge, smoking their pipes, from Harbor became merely a memory. of antennas. They finally designed early evening until the last video Once again, the magic of television a special "halo" antenna which, program goes off the air. Television, had demonstrated its al)ility to alter because of its circular shape, to a great extent, has taken the prevailing habits of living. enables the S'eir Jersey to pick up place of radio, card games and Recently, the Sandy Hook pilots all signals clearly, no matter how story-telling —the century-old pas- went a step further. They replaced the ship turns, sways, tir tosses. A times of seamen. their original receiver with one of rotary converter, installed by the Jersey is some- RCA's new models ecpiipped with a RCA Service Company, solved the Life on the S'eir on the IG-inch metal-cone picture tube. problem of changing the ship's di- time exciting but more often

[12 RADIO AGE] dull side. When she leaves the pier and sharp pictures provided by the pictures these rights may have been on Staten Island for duty just out- orijrinal RCA installation the 10- sold, too. Each contract for dra- side the harbor, the ship carries inch screen proved inadequate for matic works has to be checked for about 27 licensed pilots and 25 crew the many spectators who strained, both live and kinescope recording. members. For two-week periods, at times, to catch each movement. In addition, when motion picture the Xetr Jcrnen drifts off Ambrose The idea of .substituting a new performing rights have been pro- I.ifrht, sending pilots onto incom- RCA set with 12G square inches of cured there exist subsidiary rights, ing liners and pickinjr up those who picture area was welcomed by all. such as the fact that the movie it- have just jrnided outjroinjr vessels When the RCA Service Company self may be copyrighted, that music through the channels and tratllc of completed installation of the new must be cleared, that rights inhere the Bay. Since the men spend more receiver, the 10-inch instrument in talent, producers, directors, etc. time aboard ship than they do in was transferred to the New York, In the event that television broad- their homes, television has short- sister-ship of the Xeir Jersey. casters cannot obtain general li- ened considerably the lonsr stretch9s censes covering a substantial ma- between dockiiijrs. Three Ships in Pilots' Fleet jority of the rights which they will Taking TV to sea has proved a The Pilot Associations, which op- utilize — making it necessary for boon to the .sea'hien and the industry erate independently, maintain three them to negotiate hundreds of in- alike. As a result of the excellent ships, the New Jersey, New York dividual licenses each month — it reception and variety of entertain- and Wanderer, as well as four may become desirable if not neces- ment afforded them by the ship- motorboats for transporting the sary to create a central clearance board installation, ninety per cent men between their headquarters bureau for rights, with offices in of the pilots have purchased tele- and incoming vessels. When the the principal centers where the own- vision sets for their homes. New Jersey, largest and most ex- ers of such rights are located. The fact that the Neir Jeixey's tensively used of the trio, is in dry- pilots had become such confirmed dock, operations are transferred to television fans had one drawback. the New York. By popular demand In spite of the excellent reception the 10-inch television -set also was transferred but the 16-inch receiver Advanced TV Courses by has been made a permanent fixture and Columbia Univ. on the New Jersey. NBC "Television's trial run at sea has study of television techni(|ues been most successful," the pilots will be incorporated in 25 jirofes- declared, "and thanks to RCA sional training courses to be offered craftsmanship it has proved both during the 1949-50 academic year indispensable and seaworthy. De- by Columbia University School of spite the heavy vibrations and General Studies in cooperation with strenuous use which the smaller set the National Broadcasting Com- has undergone, it has remained in pany. excellent condition. The teaching staff will be re- cruited largely from XBC network personnel, with the majority of Television and the Invasion courses to be given under working conditions in the NBC studios in of Rights Human Radio City, New York. Fourteen executives are listed as (CoiitiiiKed friiiii page 9) network insti'uctors. misnaming him. These could lioth result in defamation actions. The curriculum has been dssigned fullest coverage of There are scores of problems, to give possible radio and TV. There will be courses too. on the subject of literary in basic radio and TV. dramatic rights, and especially in dramatic works from which motion pictures writing, news writing, promotion, have subsequently been made. publicity, news commentary, speech, announcing, acting, use of eciuip- There are copyrights involved, com- ment, sound effects, audience re- mon law rights, and others. In search, international relations, pro- each case, negotiations have to be duction and direction, music and made on an individual basis since the documentary. there are no blanket or general li- UCA TEC'HNUIANS KKKlTl.N(. THK TELK- censes covering dramatic works. More than 400 person.s from over VISION ANTE.NNA ABOARD PILOT THE Rights in dramatic works may be 40 states and many foreign coun- BOAT NEW JERSEY. THE SMALL LOOP vested in the author, but in plays tries registered for the radio-T\' BELOW THE LARGE A.NTENNA IS FOR STATIO.NS ON CHAN.VELS 7 TO 13. which have been sold for motion courses last year.

[RADIO AGE 13] mula that can be applied every- where, because much depends on local factors. Nevertheless, the story of what has happened in the Philadelphia area may well serve til stimulate and Ruide others in the same direction. Any successful operation bejfins with cooperation and is carried ihrou^h by more of the same. In Philadelphia the commercial broad- (.astinjr stations had a well-estab-

lished i)(>licy of cooperation with the school system in present injr pro- grams of an educational nature, first on AM radio and more recently on television. There was, however, a serious obstacle in the way of ITIMLS l)K THE LAWTON SCHOOL, PHILADELPHIA, APPEAR BEFORE THE scheduling' television programs for TELEVISION CAMERA IN A PLAYLET, VISIT ITALY." "A TO in-school viewinjr, namely, that hardly any schools were equipi)ed with receivers. While this condition "OPERATION CLASSROOM" prevailed, the stations could scarcely be expected to undertake the ex- pense of preparing special school Educational Tclcrhiori Introduced to Schooh in Philadelphia Area programs, and the schools had no Through Cooperation of RCA Victor nith Local inducement to acquire sets as lonjr Agencies and Institutions as there no were programs espe- cially designed and scheduled for

ther information on the develop- them. Obviously, it was necessary ment of educational television. To for a third party to step in and date nearly three thousand replies break this deadlock. have been received. Here is con- clusive proof that American edu- Works Closely With Schools cators are fully alive to the i)ossi- bilities of television as a teachinjr The Kducational Division of RCA aid. X'ictor, for its jiart. had lon>r been Meanwhile, e.xcitinjr events were workinjr closely with the schools to takinjf place in television for .schools encourafre and develop every phase around the Philadeli)hia area. The- of audio-visual education. It was By Gilbert Chase ory was beinjr translated into action. natural, therefore, that we should Manager, Educational Division, Prophecy was l)einK transformed ofl"er our cooperation in makinjr RCA Victor Division. into history. The schools of Phila- available a certain numl)er of tele- (iel|)hia and Camden were actually vision receivers, on an experimental and literally "lookiiifr at television", loan basis, to schools in Philailel- E.AIJLV this year the Public Re- not in an abstract and speculative phia, in Camden, and the suburban lations Department of RCA manner, but in terms of concrete area. Thirty-one RCA Victor table- Victor, throujrh its Educational Di- reality, as an experience shared by model television receivers were vision, mailed tn nearly P2.0()0 edu- thousands of pupils and teachers. made available for this purpose, and cators thnuiyfhout the country, an This was accomiilishcd through the schools in which they were to eijfhteen-iJajfe illustrated booklet "Operation Classroum", a conper.-i- he installed were selected by school titled "The Modern School Looks tive project desijrned to test the authorities. Two sets were placed at Television". This was intended effectiveness of television as a sup- in each of the seven public .school to answer some basic questions re- plement to cla.ssroom teachinj? dur- districts of Philadelphia lone in an latin); tr) the use of television in ing school hours. elementary school and one in a schools, and, in the words of F"rank This pioneer experiment, the first junior hijfh school i, six sets in Cam- M. Folsom. President of RCA, to lonvr-ranvre school television jiroject den public schools, eipht sets in inspire the interest of educators "in aimed to reach all jrrade levels, has Catholic parochial schools in Phila- helping' to develop what may become already attracted nati()nwide atten- delphia and Camden, and the re- the jrreatest teachinjr medium tion, and we are receivinir iiupiiries mainder in adjacent townships. known to man". Td each brochure as to how other communities can With the installation of sets as- was attached a business reply card start their own "Operation ("lass- sured, the planning' of a well- ill which the sender requested fur- room". There is no standard for- rounded projrram schedule was un-

[14 RADIO AGE] i. dertaken by representatives of the science ( "\\'hat Makes Weather" Action", designed for junior high school systems in consultation with Designed for junior high school stu- school students and dealing chiefly personnel of the Philadelphia Bul- dents were telecasts on such sub- with municipal administration. The letin's television station \VCAU-T\'. jects as city planning, transporta- other series, directed to elementary which agreed to enter the project tion, art and architecture, and social schools, dealt with health and fit- as a public service to the community. studies. Teachers, pupils, and out- ness and was called "Fit as a Miss .Martha A. Gable, of the Phila- standing leaders in various fields Fiddle". delphia pulilic schools, and Miss took i)art in the programs. The third television station in Margaret Kearney, of the I'hihulcl- Detailed evaluation sheets and Philadelphia, Station WPTZ, also phia diocesan schools, working to- questionnaires were sent to all made a notable contribution to in- jrether with Mrs. Ruth Weir Miller, schools participating in the project, school television with a special educational director of Station to be tilled in by the teachers who series of three weekly programs, WCAU, devised a series of four actually used the programs. Of beginning in March, designed for weekly telecasts desijrned to reach those who replied, ninety-eight per- viewing by high school students all jrrade levels from primary to cent agreed that telexision was an in public, parochial and private senior high. As a result, early last effective and valuable teaching aid. schools. Thanks to the public- March, "Operation Classroom" (as In some schools, the pupils were spirited activity of the local sta-

the experimental project was called i also invited to write down their tions, as many as nine telecasts went into action. comments. This typical comment were made available in one week to came from a fourth grade young- schools in Philadelphia and its Four Proj^ram^ Telecast H't't-t/i ster: "I think the telecasts were suburljs. This undoubtedly consti-

The four weekly school projrranis fine. I liked them because they tutes some kind of a record. were broadcast on the followiuK taught me things I wanted to know". Many institutions, agencies, and schedule: Mondays at 3:00 P.M. for Yes, television not only teaches industries contributed to the suc- primary grades 1 to 3, Wednesdays children the things they want to cess of the programs by making at the same hour for intermediate know, but also teaches them in a available specialized personnel for elementary grades 4 to 6, Thursdays way that holds their interest and interviews and demonstrations and for junior and senior high schools that causes the knowledge to remain by lending equijimeut and materials (1:00 to 1:30 P.M. i, Fridays at in their minds. In the words of to be placed before the television 1 :00 P.M. for junior high school Rnth Weir Miller. "If the objective camera. Among such agencies and students. The Thursday program of teaching is the acquisition of institutions were The Franklin In- was the televised version of a voca- concepts, then television is the most stitute, the City Planning Commis- tional guidance series known as dynamic tool the teacher has ever sion, the Philadelphia City Council, "Career Forum" that had long had at her command." Of course, the Pennsylvania Railroad, the proved successful on radio. television cannot take the place of Philadelphia Zoo, the Police De- Programs for primary grades the teacher: its full effectiveness partment, the Department of Sani- included such topics as "Music will always depend on how effec- tation, etc. Once again, this stresses Through Rhythm", "We Learn to tively the teacher uses it. the all-important factor of coopera- Read". "Your Books Come to Life" tion, and emphasizes television's Local Stations Cooperate (dramatization of favorite chil- TV ability to bring the outside world dren's books), and "A Visit to On April 22nd, Station WFIL- into the classroom. hiquirer's Story land" ( China >. Youngsters in TV, the Philadelphia grades four to six witnessed pro- television outlet, began two series Adults Enjoy Classroom TV i scheduled in suc- grams dealing with social studies of school telecasts, Telecasts designed for in-school on Friday after- ("We Visit Italy"), art ("Costumes cessive periods reception are not necessarily limited ("Let's of these was a series 'Round the World"), music noons. One in their appeal to pupils and teach- Instruments"), and civics, titled "Government in Make Musical on ers. As a little girl in the fourth grade of the Edmunds School wrote, "My Grandmother also looked at DEPICTING THE STLDE.VTS BECOME ACTORS IN .\ TELEVISION DRAMA 'Operation Classroom'. She liked it rfSTOMS OF A F-OREIG.N COUNTRY, ONE OF THE EPfCATIONAL PROGRAMS IN too." •'OPERATION CLASSROM-i RCA \'ictor dealers and distrib- utors in many television centers throughout the country have shown a keen interest in "Operation Class- room", and undoubtedly will help to stimulate similar activity in other cities. In this area it is planned to expand the project for the next school year, with the cooperation of local RCA ^ictor dealers and of the Raymond Rosen Company. RCA \'ictor distributfir in Philadelphia.

[RADIO AGE 15] >7f?

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o. o. PORT ARTHUR TAMPA ' IQ. LAKE WORTH Department Heads on Company Trains Employees for Careers operations and job opportunities, and on-the-job assignments in op- erating department.* are provided NBC Conducti txtensiyc Courses to Develop Personnel for for those employees who pos.sess the Execiitire Positions in Radio and Tclcriaion necessary qualifications for ad- vancement to positions of higher let me say here that all of these responsibility. desirable factors in a prospective Qualified Employed Trained employee cannot always be deter- mined in an interview. In fact, \ group of top <|Ualified young some are not developed until the college graduates is engaged for newcomer has been at his assigned assignment to the NBC E.xecutive task for some time. Training Stiuad. These young men That is why NBC has established are assigned to specific on-the-job a system of training and job analy- training for a period of 12 to 18 sis to observe the progress that months based on a pre-planned younjr employees make within the program a.ssigning them to all By Ernest de la Ossa Company. This constant but friend- phases of oi)erations related to one Dirrrtor of I'ernoniicl ly scrutiny is essential if NBC is of the following four Company ac- National Uroadcasting Comiiaiiy to build a reservoir of personnel in tivities: 1) Sound Program; 2) all branches—administrative, exec- Finance and Services: 3) Sales; 4) utive and creative—to meet the Television. At the end of the formal challenges of an ever-chanpinp training period, trainees are as- AS the pioneer in broadcast net- business. signed to key junior administrative _/\^ work operations, the National The scope of NBC's training ac- positions. Rroarlc-astinj: ("ompany, since its tivities ranges from orientation Technical training jilays an im- formation in 1926, has been the Koal programs to those of supervisory jKirtant part in NBC's training pro- of thdusaiuis of youHK peoi)le seek- training and executive development. gram. Young men from technical injr opportunities in a fast-movinjr All new employees are given a schools and colleges are engaged for industry dedicated to public service. five-hour orientation course during training in Television and Sound Actually, radio's appeal to the the first week of their e-nplovment Engineering operations. The train- career seeker is many-sided. The to acquaint them with the hist'M'v ing consists of both classroom and business moves ahead rai)idly; it of the Company, its ovcr:>,ll organi- on-the-job instructions enabling the has the KbiTiour of novelty continu- zation and its operational and per- trainee to gain practical knowledge ally renewed, and throujrh deeds, it sonnel policies. of the technical i)lant and all phases has ac(|uired a well-deserved posi- Young men and women employed of engineering operations. Re- tion as a medium of service to the in such positions as guides, pages, fresher courses for senior engineers masses. messengers, stenographers, clerks are also conducted to assist these Younjr api)Iicants for employ- and other junior classifications are employees in keeping up with tech- ments are aware of this three-way selected for a variety of foi'nial nical advances and changes in Com- keynote of newness, accomplishment training to better prepare them for pany technical operating procedures. and service. At the same time, these promotion to higher oi)erating posi- So that employees at all levels of attributes demand of neophytes a tions. .Announcing classes, infor- operations may have the opi)ortu- mature outlook at an early business mation lectures and discussions with nity to keep up-to-date on Company ajfe and a willinjfness to jrive un- Management representatives and operations and organization, a stintedly of their labor. It is not surprisinjr. therefore,

that the I question am asked most NBC PERSO.N'NKL MANAfiER TED THOMPSON CONPITTS A SESSION OF THE fretiuently is this: "What does network's JfNIoR EXECl'TIVE TRAINING CROUP. NBC look for primarily when inter- viewing applicants?" The answer involves several basic points. Does the applicant exhil)it a sincerity of purpose, a willingness to work hard, and the potential capacity to develop him.self in the hijfhly competitive atmosphere of the broadcasting field? Does he possess a tempered imagination and a natural creafive- ne.ss; does he have a sense of social

responsibility? I^st I jrive the im- pre.ssion that XHC's Per.«f)nnel ,StafT has ;i mystical power of analysis.

[18 RADIO AGE] :

1' Ullll.NL\ HASTO.N. lUULl Till; liF KMil NhKKl.Wi lUAIN- SLI'ERVISOU CKORGE GRAHAM OV 1 1,1 l.\ 1,- iN l.NMNKER- INC, EXPLAINS THE OPERATION OK A CONTROL BOARD TO ING TRAINING POINTS OUT THE DETAILS OF A VIDEO NBC TRAINEES. CIRCUIT TO A STUDENT TECHNICIAN.

series of all-employee information tions. Today, the roll of nearly lenges of the new medium demand meetings and panel discussions is every department of the National workers with imagination and a scheduled periodically throughout Hroadcasting Company reveals readiness to accept responsibilities. the year. Department Directors and numerous executive or creative spe- Not long ago, Mr. Niles Tram- Managers discuss their organiza- cialists who have risen from the mel!. NBC President, who .started tion and operations and point out ranks after putting in a period of his Company career as a member of

the part that their functions play t r a i n i n g and indoctrination as its sales staff, summarized the radio in the overall operations and objec- pages. Paul Rittenhouse. manager cmi)loyment situation in this suc- tives of the Company. The most of the Guest Relations Department: cinct paragraph:

recent series of this type, running Theodore Thompson, p e r s o n n e 1 "We want enthusiasm and zest for a period of eight weeks, was de- manager: Tom McFadden, manager in our business, but the basic essen- voted to discussions of all phases of of stations WNBC. WNBC-FM and tial is the type of dependable skill NBC's television operations. WNBT, and William Garden, now and judgment that is characteristic Supervisory training is an in- a television program producer, of the professional in any line of tegral part of XRC's training ac- launched their careers in this man- endeavor. The 'pro' may not be tivities. Supervisors in all depart- ner. .John Tiedeman, budget officer brilliant but his day-in, day-out ments meet regularly each month of the Comi)any, and George Wal- lierformance is absolutely reliable. to discuss supervisory problems re- lace, manager of Network Sales The key jobs in broadcasting go to lating to job instruction, job rela- Promotion, also once wore the uni- the people who have professional tions and human engineering. form of NBC guides. Numerous competence and reliability." At the Management and staff others have advanced to responsible level a program of executive devel- positions outside the Company opment is carried on continually. many have even developed into At this level training is offered for noted artists of the networks. "KUKLA" NAMED BEST the most part on an individual basis. It should be understood, however, Training timetables are established that not all jobs in broadcasting are TELEVISION PROGRAM for key personnel to insure that the bathed in glamour. NBC also has a "Kukla. Fran and OUie" recently employee will be afforded every large staff working behind the honored by the Chicago Fed- opportunity to develop his ability scenes but etjually essential to the was erated Advertising Clubs as "the and i|ualifications to assume higher smooth-operating team that has cre- kind executive assignments. ated the nation's Number One Net- best television program of any work. Included are messengers, produced in Chicago". Burr Till- in impresario of Many Opportunities Radio operators of duplicating and mimeo- strom, creator and is sponsored on In tliscussing the advantages of graph machines, typists, clerks, and the i)rogram which Television employment in any industry there a wide variety of other people whose .•i2 stations of the NBC Victor Division, can be no better proof of the op- occupations are indispensable in the Network by RCA portunities existing than a mention conduct of any large corporation. accepted the award. of individuals who have made nota- This is the second successive year ble successes of their chosen voca- Television Opened New Doors that "Kukla. Fran and Ollie", has tions. During the past 23 years, The advent of modern television received this tribute, the third won thousands of young men and women in late 1946 opened many new op- by the show in recent months. Pre- it the citation k have been employed by NBC as portunities for those with the spe- viously, was given Pipages and guides. Their duty is to cial qualifications inherent to the of merit of the Illinois Federation Jmeet and greet the millions of NBC video field. Television, like radio, of Women's Clubs, and an award at guests and escort them through must depend heavily upon young the 19th Institute for Education broadcasting and television opera- people, but the problems and chal- by Radio at Ohio State University.

[RADIO AGE 19] Television Outlook is Bright

In Address to Stockfioldcrs at SOtli .-Itiiiual Mvcting of Corporation, General Sarnoff Says Tclevisiott is Safeguard Against a Serious Economic Recession — Chairman of Board Rereals 1948 as Most Successful Year in RCA History

TKI.E VISION, continually jrrow- Consolidated gross income of from time to time were .solved injr in popularity as a new RCA during the first ipiarter of through collective bargaining with servit-e and industry, is becominn 1949 amounted to S92.327.827, com- the forty-three unions representing a vital fai-tor in the Nation's econ- pared with $88,053,297 for the our workers." omy, lirifradier General David Sar- same period last year. This repre- Reviewing current operations of noff, Chairman of the Hoard of the sents an increase of $4,274,530 over RCA, which include research, en- Radio Corporation of America, re- the 1948 figure. gineering, manufacturing, broad- ported at the 30th Annual Meeting General Sarnoff reported that casting and world-wide communica- of KCA stockholders held May 3 in during the past ten years RCA has tions. General Sarnoff discussed a studio of the National Hroadcast- paid more than $65,000,000 or 53 some of the problems for which in^ Company at Radio City. He per cent of net jn-ofits. in dividends RCA is seeking solutions. .said that television is "one of the to its stockholders. Of this amount. "First," he said, "let us consider safe^'uards ajrainst a serious eco- $31,820,000 was paid to holders of television. Here is a new art and nomic recession". preferred stock and $33,254,000 industry, which must be developed Pointing out that the impact of was paid on the common stock. He within the framework of govern- war and the subseiiuent reconver- said that during the same ten-year mental regulation as to technical sion period created an unusual period the net worth of the Cor- standards, number of stations that situation. General Sarnoff said: "In |)oration was increased by $60,000.- can lie owned by any one company, the return to more normal business 000. and now exceeds SI 27.000. 00(t. and other matters. The growth of conditions, where the law of supply television today and tomorrow is and demand again is in operation, Most Successful Year of RCA not dejiendent merely upon manu- and to a buyer's market in which The year 1948, he recalled, was facturing and selling transmitters competition is keener— it is clear the most successful in the history ;ind receivers. Many regulations that 1919 will be a more difficult of the Coriioration —either during control its advance and. while di- year than 1948." peace or war. \'olume of business rected chiefly at the transmitting Net profit, after taxes, of RCA was higher. i)ro(its earned were end. they also affect the receiving for the first (luarter of 19-19, he re- larger, and dividends paid to stock- end. ported, was $5,9.32,()S:{, an increase holders were greater than any other "In recent months, you doubtless of $167,58.5, compared with the year since RCA was founded in have read some of the dire predic- same iieriod in 1948. Profit for the 1919. tions about ((uick obsolescence of fir.st quarter of 1949—before Fed- On May 1 of this year. RCA per- television receivers. Many facts eral Income Ta.xes —amounted to sounel numl)ere(l moi-e than 41.000. have been omitted. No one need $9,801,(),s:{. compared with $9.(131.- lie said, luaisiiig the loyalty and hesitate to buy a present-day type 198 in 1948. spirit of cooperation given to the of television receiver, for there is Karnings |)er common share for {'(U-jioration by employees. no indication that receivers of 1949 the first (|uarter of this year "It is gratifying to report that design will be obsolete in the near amounted to .37.1 cents, as compared there were no strikes in RCA dur- future. It is interesting to note with 35.8 cents per common share ing the past year," declared General that RCA \'ictor television receiv- for the first i|iiart«T in 1948. .Sarnoff. "Labor piolilcnis that arose ers, first inti-odiiced to the puiilic

I'ltoIX ( TION LINKS OK MKTAL-fONK A.ND ALL-CLASS TKLEVISION PICTl'RK TUBES AT RCa'S LANCASTER. PA.. PLANT. ill 1939. are still in use and Kivinjr that enjoys freedom to invent, free- satisfaction, although more than dom to compete, freedom to think, ol'KltA .

[RADIO AGE 21] :

"Leadership built nver the years percussions overseas. While I do that practical proof of the value on a fuuiuiation of sulid service not foresee any major economic de- of this ownership to the nation, to cannot be snatched over-nijrht by pression in the L'nited States, I be- the public and to the industry, now buyinjr a few hijrh-priced come- lieve that we should exiiect some is being witnessed. dians. Leadership is not a lau^hintr adjustment in business conditions. matter. "The pace of the past ten years, Enterprise Hastened Television "IJroadcastintr faces no easy task under the impact of war and the "For instance," he said, "if the during' this conversion period for conversion to postwar industrial National Broadcasting Company each new step presents an economic activities, has been swift. We must had not gone on the air with tele- problem of its own. The policy of now take up the slack and readjust vision stations and programs be- the National Broadcasting Com- our sights in planning for the fu- fore manufacturing of television pany has been and continues to be ture. sets got under way on a mass pro- to provide the highest variety of "The unusual conditions that pre- duction basis, television might entertainment and the best in- vailed in the postwar years, includ- never have been started. formational, cultural and educa- ing 19-18. brought many new prob- "Certainly the growth of tele- tional progi'ams. lems Ui business and their solutions vision would have been retarded "At the same time, we seek to opened new ()|)portunities. We have and the jileasures derived by the maintain program costs at an eco- made every effort to embrace these public from television wo,:!d have nomic Itvel that will pay off to the opportunities to strengthen the been delayed. As the broadcasting advertiser, the affiliated station and Corporation and to apply them in business is being readjusted to con- the network. This mean.s the con- charting the future. With civilian form with new patterns dictated stant production and addition of production curtailed during the by the addition of sight to sound, new, high

he asserted, "and I can assure you ownership of broadcasting stations ties for progress. Therefore, we that any serious setback in Ameri- and manufacturing plants by the look forward to the future with can economy would have grave re- same organization, but declared confidence."

JOS6 FERRER, STAGE STAR, PORTRAYS TELEVISION HAS DEVELOPED ITS OWN INFORMATIONAL AND EDUCATION XL THE TITLE ROLE IN TELEVISION VER- TECHNIQUE FOR TIIK DISSKMINATION FEATURES COMPRISE AN IMPORTANT SION OF "CYRANO DF, BERC.ERAC." OF NEWS FROM AROfND TIIK WORLD. SEGME.NT OF VIDEO PROGRAMMING.

[22 RADIO AGE] RCA Institutes Holds Graduation

C/j» of 16) Stiidciils Hears General SarnofJ Outline Opportunities in Electronics Field

RAUIU. television and electronics which you, through your education, provide a vast field of oppor- have formed a i)rofessional alli- tunity for younp Americans alert ance." to clues that lead to discoveries General Sarnoff told the gradu- and inventions. Brijr. General David ates that in addition to radio and Sarnoff. Chairman of the Board of television, the science of electronics the Radio Corporation of America, provides many other opportunities. told members of the graduating "We live in an era of high-speed class of RCA Institutes at com- transportation and communication," mencement exercises held May 26, he continued. "Only recently, we in an XHC studio at Radio City. have developed tremendous and po- Graduates of the Institutes, tentially dangerous source s of which is the oldest radio technical power. It is electronics, which has training center in the United duplicated and even surpassed hu- States, numbered 1(53 at this year's man performance in many ways, commencement. They included that gives us that precise degree of BRIG. CENERAL DAVID SARNOFF PRESENTS men having completed control so necessary to these tech- young A DIPLOMA TO ONE OF THE GRADl'ATES courses in radio servicing, operating nological advances. Indeed, we may OF RCA INSTITUTES AT E.XERCISES HELD and broadcasting, and advanced well think of this as a century not IN AN NBC STUDIO ON MAY 26. technology covering maintenance, only of great speed and great power, operation and development of cir- but also one of master controls." deposits. Sim- cuits and ecpiipment in both radio He said that in the industrial hidden oil and ore detect impurities in and television. A welcoming ad- field great mills, which can turn out ilarly, they can dress was given by Maj. General a mile of cold-rolled steel in a min- sealed packages and bottles." He reported the development of George L. Van Deusen ; the invoca- ute, have their rollers synchronized tion was by the Rev. Dr. Ralph perfectly by electronics, as do many electronic computers having the Thorn, of the Willis Avenue Meth- other plants owing their production ability to "out-speed the human of odist Church, the Bronx. cai)abilities to electronic regulators, brain," woi'king out in a fraction "The science of electronics serves heating devices and other electronic a second ))rol)k>ms that would take days the people and industry in many apparatus. mathematicians hours or even ways," declared General Sarnoff. Electronics have helped to smash to solve. He told of a tube called the re- "The full extent of its usefulness numerous industrial bottlenecks, he Selectron which, he said, can has yet to be measured. We think reported, recalling that electronic member 256 items of information it to of electronics first and foremost as power computers made possible a and can release any part of the heart of modern communica- seven-fold increase in aluminum supplv an answer to a problem in less millionth of tions. Through iLs magic, we can production in World War II. than a a second. transmit messages and music "Because of their inherent capa- Electronics Speeded Tools War around the earth — and eventually of bilities and versatility," said Gen- television also will encircle the "Electronic devices have sharp- eral Sarnoff, "radio and electronics globe. ened all five human senses," as- deserve our utmost attention in finding or devising tasks for "Already news as it happens and serted General Sarnoff. "With one. new them. For a number of years, we history as it is made are seen by we can hear a fly walking. And to size many millions of Americans. There there is a phototube so sensitive have been working reduce the of personal radios, and with some are 1,300.000 homes in the United it distinguishes more shades of color States equipped with television. In than the eye. Another device feels success. As a result there are in- comparison, 39 million homes have variations of one ten-thousandth of struments about the size of a jewel radio sets, and in the years ahead an inch in thickness of a copper box that operate very satisfactoril.v. most if not all of these radio- wire: still another will taste a drop Envisages Tiny Television Set eci nipped homes will have television. of vinegar in a vat of water; and "Therefore, as television spreads one electronic instrument can smell "But why stop there? How about across the Xation, opportunities in the smoke of a match inside a giant a radio the size of a wrist watch? manufacturing, installation and warehouse. About a year ago, a Swiss firm in- servicing will expand. Industrial "We can watch an electronic cir- troduced a wrist watch containing can and theatre television are big fields cuit measure the speed of bullets a buzzer alarm. If the Swiss that are beginning to open. These, whizzing from a gun. Other instru- devise an alarm clock to wear on broadl.v stated, are the most obvious ments probe electronic fingers deep the wrist, I believe that Americans services of this great science with into the earth and unerringly locate (Continued on page 31)

[RADIO AGE 23; Honorary Degrees to Folsom and Engstrom

ment —but also in half a dozen leadini; corporations. He simul- taneously holds directorships in numerous companies and he is a rejrent or councilor or trustee in many institutions of hijrher learn- injr throujrhnut the United States. For his work and his achieve- ments in favor of the church he holds the papal honor of Roman Knijrht in the Sovereign Military Order of Malta. In celebration of his preat personal accomplish- ments and to add our tribute to his other honors, he is presented for our most jr'orious decoration, the honorarv depree of Doctor of Laws.

.At .Manhattan College, the follow- ing tribute preceded the award of the depree to Mr. Folsom:

IKANK M. Kill, SUM The family name borne by this KI \IKIt W, KNCSTHoM tiistiiiKuished gentleman, Frank - t-^liANK M. FOLSOM. President Marion Folsom. has been a bri^'ht E I. -M E li W I L L I A M E N G of the Radio Corporation of and honored liKht, from the very STROM—A native of Minnesota America, received honorary de- l)ojrinninp, in the history of New and an enjrineerinjr jrraduate of frre€.>s of Doctor of Laws from Knjrland. In the business world the University of that state, his Fordham I'niversity and Manhat- (if manajrement and iiroduction ))ersonal contributions as a re- tan ('ollejff. New York, tlllrin^' Com- that honorable name rinps as a search enjrineer to radio and elec- mencement Kxercises held at the synonym for hard work, for un- tronic development, and notably two institutions on .Iiine and 14 tiring perseverance, for absolute to the incredible progress of tele- respectively. honest.v linked with hijrh pifts of vision, command the forthright The citation acccimpaiiyinjr Mr. mind and heart. Today this dis- respect of his .scientific peers. F'olsom's decree at Fordham read tinjfuished gentleman holds the \'ice president in charge of re- a.s follows: Idfty iiosition of President of the search of the Radio Corporation liadio Corporation of .America. of .America, he is one of that ex- FRANK MARION FOLSOM — He has l)een besides, the recipient clusive group of latter-day Pro- The distinK'uished jiresident of of the hijrhest honors of Church metheans who not only illumines the Radio Corporation of Amer- and State in recojrnition of no- with his own brilliance, but who ica, awarded the Presidential table services rendered to both. yokes the genius of fellow Titans Medal in reco^'nition of his con- unrenowned for tractability into tinued and outstanding services KImer W. Fnpstrom. vice presi- corporate resourcefulness and to our country in administering dent of the Radio Cfh offices America in charge of research at dustri.il Research Institute, he is throujrhnut the war years. reci|)i- RCA Laboratories, was awarded concerne

ness of the world—our Govern- this citation : iiirate of Science.

24 RADIO AG L —

DESIGNING EXPORT RADIOS

I'lirchascn uf Receivers Abroad Dcinaiut Quiility, Durability and Attractive Appearance in the Products They Buy

statement expressmg the medium. All extraneous features which were in contrast to this statement, such as the legs and over-ornamentation, were rejected. We adapted the American jirin- ciple of streamlining to radio de- sign. The Americans, I believe, have always had the greatest feel- ing for simplicity of line. We have

been the first to apply it in our lllNTIiliL l.AHclliATllin CI. IKS By John Vassos I\ THIS design of airplanes and in our A.NU LACQUERS ARE CHECKED FOR THEUt RESISTANCE TO TROPICAL CO.NDITIO.VS. Industrial Designer architecture. It has been one of the Consultant to factors in bringing American stand-

RCA International Division :'.rds to the top. Yet the apprecia- tion of this simple styling in radios is found to a much greater extent we could learn to apply to our IF abroad. own lives the simplicity and The mechanical features of an truth which we have learned to in- export radio require much special corporate in our export radios, we attention. The value of a set is would be much happier—and have by the number fewer nervous breakdowns. determined largely of bands it covers, for in many ex- My export assignment for KCA port markets, short-wave stations calls for pure designing—absolute of prime importance. Moreover, truth. The export market demands are we must provide the best in sensi- complete honesty of line, and lasting and selectivity. simplicity. tivity be ex- In Europe, in Latin America, and The materials used must to under in the other countries abroad, the tremely durable stand up of rough handling in purchase of a radio is a serious the rigors AKK IM- shipment, and of extremes of cli- I'ARTS KOii EXI'ORT RECEIVERS business. The prospective buyer PREGNATED WITH LIQUIDS IN THESE that won't sag, glue wants the full value of his dollar. mate: cloth VACUUM TANKS TO PREVENT DETERIORA- won't melt, wood so dry that it He wants a quality set, as it may that TION IN HUMID CLIMATES. moisture. These have to last him as much as ten will not absorb every radio. years. And therefore he wants a :irt' "musts" for design which will be harmonious Another contributing factor in with the furnishings of his house export radio design are the import during that time. A radio is an regulations of various countries. important part of his living-room, Duties are imposed in proportion to on an but it must not be pretentious. weight and size as well as With thess needs in view, in 1936 ad valorem basis. This considera- affects the radio- I designed for RCA a radio whose tion particularly pattern has been followed ever since phonograph combinations. in the Company's models. The top- Fortunately, in all our problems heavy, "tombstone" style which had of design we have the whole knowl- been used up to that time was dis- edge and experience of the many carded, in favor of a longer, lower RCA branches to draw on—the RCA chassis to blend with the room, Laboratories, the RCA Victor Divi-

I felt that we should keep only sion, RCA Communications, Radio- the two basic areas of interest marine Corporation of America, and aural, the mechanism which pro- the National Broadcasting Com- end is the world- duces sound ; and visual, the knobs, pany. At the other REMOVIN. :.' \ EXPORT RADIO SET dial and cabinet which allow the wide organization of distributors FROM A •TORTLKE CHAMBER" WHERE IT dealers of the RCA Interna- sound to come out. These two ele- and HAS BEE.N SUBMITTED TO CONDITIONS ments dictated the form of the in- tional Division to put these quality MORE SEVERE THAN WOULD BE ENCOUN- strument. It was to be a simple receivers in the customers' homes. TERED IN THE TROPICS.

[RADIO AGE 25] for musical concerts, a glass-en- THE RCA EXHIBITION HALL closed control room, and an up-to- date projection room for screening Radio, Teley'tsion, and Electronic Displays Attract 2,500,000 Persons films. Large-screen television dem- in Two Years — Hall's Facilities, Including Theatre, onstrations on a 6- by 8-foot .screen Used by 1,000 Outside Organizations have been staged here frequently, and the broadcast programs, "Author Meets the Critic" and a majdrity i>f the two and a marvel at the display of scientific "Much Ado About Music" originate TOhalf million people who have progress. on the theatre's stage. On several visited the RCA Exhibition Hall, in Though not included in every occasions video programs have been New York, since its openin^r in visitor's tour, the Johnny Victor telecast from this spot, using the May, 19-17. it is a wonderland of Theatre and private meeting rooms full line of T\' equipment which is radio, television and electronic on the concourse level also play an Iiart of the theatre's permanent projrress. There, in Radio City, be- imjiortant i)art in Exhibition Hall facilities. hind windows 20()-feet lonjr and two functions. Here, beyond the view stories hijrh, RCA products are of the casual spectator, conferences Television monitoring and control colorfully displayed and its services are held, films screened, cocktail equipment, panel boards, and turn- portrayed by animated exhibits. On parties given, demonstrations tables for disc-playback to the upi)er the concourse level, below the street. staged, and classes conducted. Tele- level are found in the control room. a theatre seatinK 7.5 people, a jrnest vision and radio programs also Adjacent to the theatre a record lounge, several reception I'ooms, originate from the Kxhibition Hall. libi-ary of over 10.000 selections is offices and a completely-eiiuijiped maintained. enjrineerinK shop make up an im- Outside Organizations Use Hall Adjoining the Johnny \'ictor portant part of the Hall which the Theatre, the attractive and spacious Although it operates primarily to average tourist does not .see. Public is in constant de- serve the Riidio Corporation of Lounge One of New York's leadinp tour- both by Divisions America, the Hall's facilities have mand RCA and ist attractions, the Hall is a fa.sci- outside groups. This room and the been made available to more than natinjr spot where the visitor may one thousand outside organizations. smaller. Executive Lounge, are the see himself televised, name his scenes of a wide variety of public It has become a favorite meeting favorite record and hear it relations activities, while "Salle played place for philanthropic organiza- the back, operate the latest model Petite" is used exclusively for pri- RCA tions, business, scientific and edu- Victor radios, phono^rraphs vate interviews. and cational groui)s, and other associa- television receivers, or investigate tions having a public service to In these attractive surroundings. the marvels of radar, loran. the jierform. The po])ularity of the RCA introduces its new products direction-finder, and radiotelejjhone theati'e and lounges is evidenceil by and developments to the public and units — all of which jilay an im- the fact that bookings frequently the press. For example, the 45-rpm portant part in maintaininjr safety must be made two months in ad- records and reccu-d players, and the at sea. vance. new RCA \'ictor television receivers By merely pushinjr the button of The .Johnny \'ii-tor Theati'e is a eciuipped with l(>-inch metal-cone his choice, the padjret enthusiast modern, conipact. comfiu'table stu- kinescopes were first revealed and sees the NBC station nearest his dio, constructed with finest acoustics extensively demonstrated here. home town lijrht up on a hujre ^lass map. hears the current network broadcast or sees the latest telecast. Another button i)rinKs into view THE JOIIN.NY VICTOR THEATRE OF THE EXHIBITION HALL IS USED several tiny, rotatinjr wood carvings FREQUENTLY FOR THE PRiiniTT! ON OF VKTWORK BROAIX'VSTS. which depict the hijrhlijrhts of NBC history. A large global relief map. on which the routes of RCA radio- grams may be traced i)y neon-lit paths, is among the most popular attractions, and few visitors leave without taking with them souvenir messages from the radio-teletype machines. This combination of education and entertainment never fails to intrigue guests in every age group. Youngsters ai-e delighted with the self-operation gadgets: students of radio and electronics prolje the me- chanical side of the instruments: while the older folk never cease to

[26 RADIO AGE] E.VfllNEERINT. ASSISTANT ROSE ANN LONCNECKER CHECKS THE OPERATION OK A TELEVISION SET IN THE MAINTE- .NA.NCE SHOP OK THE EXHIBITIO.N HALL.

KKATIRES (IF THE EXIIIBITUIN HALL HAVE BEEN WITNESSED HV TELEVISION VIEWERS AS EAR WEST AS CHICAGO AND ST. I.dUIS

days a week NBC, Lines. United States Rubber Co., Two or three of every nature concerning the new ill the Schwerin Twentieth-Century Fo.x. March of cooperation with art are answered by a competent Corporation, Time. e r i c a n Tuberculosis Research conducts A m staff of eight public relations rep- Modern Art. television audience reaction tests in Assoc, Museum of resentatives. These young men are for Displaced the theatre. NBC also utilizes the Citizens Committee thoroughly instructed in every Boy Scouts Organization. theatre to show kinescope record- Persons. phase of RCA operations so that Radio P'ngineers. and injrs of prog-rams, such as the Institute of they may transmit this information Club, .Juiliiard School of Music. Protn'ams Chesteitield Supper to mem- intelligently to interested guests. liors of the cast. At times. RCA in which these groups participate Each i)iece of equipment in the Victor auditions its recording- art- usually consist of film previews, re- Hall must be kept in perfect condi- ists here. hearsals, classes or demonstrations tion, since it is used for demonstra- RCA Victor dealers, distributors for the press. tion as well as display. Twelve tele- and Service Company branch man- Hall's con- A casual visitor to the vision receivers and aiiproximatelv agers meet regularly in the E.xecu- find .lane Pickens course level might fifteen radios and radio-phonograph tive Lounge which also serves as 70 rehearsing a concert before combinations are available for in- the setting for photographs of RCA guests, Arturo Toscanini ent°rtain- spection by an average of 3,000 home instruments. ing foreign visitors, or encounter a persons each day. Duplicate sets One day a month has been s'>t of Television Writers' meeting the are held in reserve for replacements aside in the Hall's engagement book Guild. when models on display reiiuire ex- as "Electron Microscope Day". On tensive servicing or overhauling. this occasion slides, a film and dem- Special Evcnls Given Attenlion An engineering staff works steadily onstration of the electron micro- special on routine check-up and repairs, scope are presented to a* many Special events call for Hall particularly those made necessary college, scientific and professional attention by the Exhibition by visitors who are souvenir groups as can be accommodated. staff. On election night the Hall hunters. Students, especially, are attracted remained open until .5 a.m., attract- scenes, 23 nersons by the variety of electronic wonders ing capacity crowds. Returns were Behind the in work diligently to keep RCA's Radio which the Hall has to offer. School televised on a 6- by 8-foot screen Theatre and on City showplace mechanically per- classes numbering upwards of 'M),- the .Johnny Victor installed on the fect and to plan, coordinate and ()()() pupils have been taken on tours the many receivers activities. and have watched motion pictures main fioor. This same procedure supervise its numerous in the .Johnny Victor Theatre. was followed for the championship The fact that it has attracted a RCA hospitality has been extend- prizefights and World Series tele- multitude of visitors from every ed through the E.xhibition Hall to casts at which time special tickets state in the Union and more than gatherings representative of nearly had to be issued to regulate at- a hundred thousand overseas guests every phase of American industry tendance. indicates that the I']xhibition Hall and institution. A typical weekly Jlore iieople have been introduced is recognized by the public as a .schedule includes the names of or- to television in the Exhibition Hall symbol of RCA preeminence in ganizations such as Eastern Air than at any other place. Questions radio, television and electronics.

[RADIO AGE 27] ner of The Players was the only "Macbeth" Sets Video Record sta^'e manager. The top names of The Players' Top Nanicf of Slafic, Larhh Sccticry and Coflunicf Feature Hiflory- Clul> roster — who are also top Making Tclcvhion Production by NBC. names of the Broadway stage — played in the production. Walter Hampden, president of the club, TIIK biKKi.'-'^t. most lavish and, if The costumes — approximately paid for and sponsored, the three changes for each of the 85 played the role of Macbeth and the must expensive production on tele- members of the cast—were obtained three highest-paid Witches ever to vision was The Players' Club pres- from the twci lar>rest theatrical cos- es.say the roles were Bobby Clark, entation of Shakespeare's "Mac- tume houses in the city. Ten tailors, David Wayne and P-dgar Stehli. beth" on the NI5C" Television Net- workinK eijrht hours a day for three Others in the star-studded cast work. Sunday. May 1. To pay the days were used to net the clothes were Joyce Redman as Lady Mac- cast alone, toi) names of Hollywood ready, and it rei|uired the services beth, Walter Abel .us Macduff, Paul and Broadway, would have cost of six dressers at the dress re- McGrath as Banquo, Leo G. Carroll around $25,000. The rehearsal, air hearsal and while the projrram was as Duncan, Sidney Blackmer as and studio time, plus the cost of telecast to aid the actors and ac- Ross, Alexander Clark as Lennox, the sets and costumes, would have tresses in their changes. Phili)) Truex as Malcolm. John run total cost well over the $1,000,- Seven makeup experts were used Drew Devereux as Donalbain, Ben 000. to make up the cast and five prop- Lackland as Seyton, Ralph Bi'llamy An analysis of the time and work erty men were required to keep as Porter, John Carradine and expended on the three interior and track of the various props used Charles Brokaw as the first and three exterior sets in Studio 8G and during' the show. second murderers, Frank Wilcox as the two sets made for the portions There were four cameramen and Caithness, Krnest Rowan as Men- of the play produced on film shows five lijrht men used on the produc- teith, Maurice Wells as Angus, that to run, setup strike and the tion. Douglas A. Clark-Smith as the doc- sets required ten men working' a tor and John Craven as the man- total of 107 hours. Adapted Drama for I clccaft servant. To build and paint the sets i-e- Henry Fisk Carlton adapted the Even the "spear-carriers." in the (|uired 20:\ hours, IG men and 20 drama to fit the hour telecast. liroduction rated among the first V'allons of paint. Some of the paint- Since members of The Players' Club names of the legitimate theatre ing was done after the .sets were were doiuK the play as their annual Ladies-in-Waiting were \"iola Keats erected in the studio. Five property observance of the Bard's birthday, and Margaret Garland. Gentle- men were needed for the produc- two sets of producers and directors women were Klizabeth Dewing. \"\v- tion. A hauling crew of three men were used. Harold McGee and An- ginia Downing, Monica Lang. .Abby was re(|uired to brinjr the props, thony Brown were the producer and Lewis, Sonia Sorel and Margot Ste- sets and costumes into the studio director respectively for The Play- venson. Soldiers were Jack Benwell, secretary and a to keep track of the ers and the late Owen Davis, Jr., Richard Kllington, Carl Frank. crew and their various pickup and Garry Simpson held down the Storrs Haynes. Don Moore and points. same spots for NBC. Walter \\'i\)i- .Nelson Wav.

WAI.TKR HAMPDEN, NOTED .STACK ACTOR. I'LAVKD TIIK TITl.K ROLE IN "MACBKTH". SUPPORTKD BY AN IMPRKSSIVK CA.ST OK BROADWAY AND llOI.I.VWOdli STARS.

JoVlK RKOMA.S- AS "I.APV MACBKTH I .N NBC's KrcKMAI, TKI.KVISION r'ROItl'CTION OK TIIK SIIAKKSI'KARKAN TRACKDY.

[28 RADIO AGE] Zworykin Receives Lamme Medal

American Institute of Electrical Engineers Honors RCA Laboratories' \'ice President for Contributions to Television

N'iadimir K. Zworykin, \'ici' done electronically and the picture D\\.President and Technical Con- was reproduced electronically." sultant of the RCA Laboratories General Sarnoff cited other de- Division, received the Lamme velopments to which Dr. Zworykin Medal, an outstanding award for has lent his great talents: second- scientific and technical achievement, ary emission multipliers, image from the American Institute of tubes, the electron microscope, and Electrical Engineers at its annual a universal electronic computer, meeting in Swampscott. Massachu- which may open the door to weather setts, on June 22. prediction and control beyond any- Dr. Zworykin was awarded the thing yet achieved. contri- medal "for his outstanding "It is recorded that during World bution to the concept desijrn of and War II, Dr. Zworykin performed electronic apparatus basic to mod- outstanding service as a member of ern television." The award, estab- the Scientific Advisory Board to the UH. V. K. ZWORYKIN lished in 1928 throufrh a bequest of Commanding General of the L'nited Benjamin Garver Lamme, chief en- States Army Air Force, the Ord- jrineer of the Westinphouse Electric think of engineering development nance A d V i s o r y Committee on following scientific discovery. Dr. & Manufacturin}? Company, was Guided Missiles, and three impor- Zworykin declared that. the jiresented by Everett S. Lee. Insti- tant sub-committees of the National "At moment we are more tute President. Defense Research Committse." interested in the fact that engineering progress Brifr. General David Sarnoff, General SarnofT said. uniformly promotes scientific Chairman of the Board of RCA. in dis- covery presenting Dr. Zworykin, hailed Received Presidential Certificate by giving the scientist tools of increasing effectiveness. him ;ls the "scientist extraordinary "In the course of his war work, of this ape" and recalled hijrhliphts he directed research resulting in "The present development of nu- of the host of scientific contribu- the development of fire control, tele- clear science appears inconceivable tions achieved by the medalist since vision guided missiles, infrared without the assistance received his arrival in this country .30 years image tubes for Sniperscopes and from the electronic industry in the apo. Snooperscopes, and storage tubes. form of high-power oscillator tubci^ control "His preat love was television," He received the Presidential Cer- and e(|uipment of all kinds. The same applies General Sarnoff said, "and he worked tificate of ilerit in recognition of to the study of cosmic rays, the research into the tirelessly toward the jjoal of an his distinguished achievements dur- nature of the all-electronic .system that would ing the war." electron through the study of resonances, some day prove to be the world's In accepting the medal. Dr. atomic and al- most every greatest means of mass communica- Zworykin said that the rise of the other problem in the forefront of tion, education and entertainment. scientist in public esteem presented present-day scientific interest." His first achievement was develop- an opportunity for the reexamina- ment of the basic principles of the tion of the engineer, not only as a Reviewing the development of now famous iconoscope tube. Then contributor to our standard of liv- television, the scientist said that its he began working on an over-all ing but to the progress of science growth appears to be limited only system incorporating this new elec- itself. b.v the space in the frequency spec- tronic 'eye.' To achieve this he also "The man in the street becomes trum, adding: developed the kinescope, or tele- conscious of scientific advances only "There are. however, many ap- vision picture tube, for the re- as the engineer translates them into plications of television which are ceiver." an instrument, a manufacturing not so limited. If the transmission With the development of these process, or a machine," Dr. Zwory- is by cable or along sharply defined tubes, the television tide turned kin stated. "The strategic impor- radio beams, the problem of inter- from the mechanical to the elec- tance of the engineer in making ference, and hence of frequency al- tronic system, General Sarnoff products of scientific discovery location, vanishes. As a matter of ". available to the convenience, it pointed out. . . In 1929 he dem- public becomes evi- has become custom- onstrated all-electronic television dent when, for prolonged periods, a ary to refer to television applica- publicly for the first time, proving scientific discovery remains dor- tions satisfying this condition as that it was far superior to the old mant because engineering talent is "industrial television.' Special com- mechanical system with its motor not applied to its utilization." pact cameras and receiving units and revolving di.sc. Scanning was Pointing out that we ordinarily (Contitnied on page .12)

[RADIO AGE 29] DR. IRVING WOLFP. DIRECTOR OK THE RADIO Tl'BE RESEARCH LABORATORY. RCA LABORAToRIE.<. RECEIVES THE DISTIN- r;i'ISIIEli PVBLIC SERVICE AWARD VRDSl REAR ADMIRAL C. D. \VHEEU)CK, FOR HIS WORK IN ELECTRONICS AND RADAR.

and small ships about a half-mile distant. Shortly thereafter, he de- veloped a means of timing these signals, whereby distance to the re- flecting object could be measured. This was one of the fundamental contributions to modern day radar." Later Dr. Wolff and his associ- ates developed airborne radar equipment to prevent collisions and high-altitude precision radar for

altitude determination, it was pointed out. The radio altimeters used by the United States and her Allies were developed by Dr. Wolffs group. "Had he been content to do only what was expected of him." the Navy statement said, "the Navy and other Armed Services would have been deprived of equipment that proved invaluable in the suc- Navy Honors Dr. Wolff cessful prosecution of the war and increasing the safety of air and .sea navigation since the cessation of Director Radio Tube Research Laboratories at Princeton Receives of hostilities." Distinguished Public Serrice Award for Achievements Dr. Wolff received the K. S. de- in Electronics and Radar gree in physics from Dartmouth College in 1916 and a Ph.D. degree CEREMONIES at Princeton. dition, the recipient must have ren- IN in the same subject from Cornell N. J., on May 24. Dr. Irvinjr dered outstandin^r service over and University in 192:?. He was an Wolff, director of thi' Kiidio Tube above that normally expected of instructor in physics at Iowa .State Research Laboratory of RCA Lal)- him and not required by his joi) College in 1919 and at Cornell from oratf>ries, received the "Distiii- or the terms of his contract. 1920 to 192:?, a j^uished Public Service Award" of where he was Aided Navy's Heckscher Research F"ellow in 1924. the Navy Uepartmeiit. in recojrni- Effectiveness tion of his aihicvi'ments in elec- "Dr. Wolff contributed immeas- He joined RCA in 1924 as a mem- tronics and radar. urably to the efl!'ectiveness of the ber of the Technical and Test De- The award, which included a cer- operation of the Navy during the partment and from 19:?0 to 1941 tificate .sijrned by Secretary of the late war, and the interim period was with the Research Division of Navy, John L. Sullivan, was pre- since then," the Navy spokesman the RCA .Manufacturing Company. sented by Rear Admiral C. D. declared. "His achievements and Camden, N. .1. In the latter year, Wheelock, U.S.N., Deputy Chief of accomplishments covered the field he jointed the staff of RCA Labora- the Hurcau of Ships. It is the high- of electronics in jreneral, but more tories. He has specialized in prob- est honor bestowed on a civilian b\' particularly that of radar. lems in microwaves, sonar, radar the Navy. "In 10:?2. while in the employ of and aviation. Such recoKiiition is jriven only to the Radio Corporation of Amoriia. Dr. Wolff is a fellow of the individual citizens, not in Navy he conducted research in micro- Acoustical Society of America, the employ, who "have contributed wave transmission and reception. Institute of Radio Engineers and measurably in scientific or manu- Usinp- e(|uipment developed as a the American Association for the

facturinK fields to the success of result of this research, he demon- Advancement of Science; and ; the Navy's [lolicies and projrrams," strated the ability to detect radar member of the Physical Society and the Secretarv's office stated. In ad- signals reflected from gas tanks Sigma Xi.

[30 RADIO AGE] switches required for both its own RCA TO OPEN NEW TV PLANT production and that of its comi)an- ion plant at Indianapolis. It will 1^ XTENSIOX of television re- to reach full output by September. also continue to produce the com- pany's full line of table-model, [j eeiver production to a third The entire operation will be auto- plant of the RCA Victor Division matic, with conveyors used to facil- IHirtable, and personal radios, as was bev'un early last month with itate materials handling. Use of a well as all RCA \'ictor radio chassis the installation of new eiiuipment special arrangement for adjusting for radio-television combinations. and conversion of other facilities at the height of conveyor lines will Inauguration of television opera- the Division's Bloominjrton, Indi- permit interchangeable production tions at Bloomington will raise to ana, factory. of table-model, consolette, and con- four the number of RCA Victor To help meet increasing demand sole instruments. plant.s assigned to various phases of for RCA \'ictor"s television receiv- "This extension of television pro- television production in Indiana. ers, approximately one-third of the duction, involving facilities valued The others are the Company's larg- 226,000 sciuare feet of manufactur- at more than half a million dollars." est television receiver factory, at ing space in the modern one-story said H. G. Baker, general manager ln(iianai)olis; a cabinet factory at Bloomington plant will be initially of the Home Instrument Depart- Monticello, and the new television devoted to TV set production. This ment, "is a reaffirmation of RCA picture tube factory now under con- extension supplements present oper- ^ictor's faith in the continuing struction at Marion. ations in Camden and Indianapolis, growth and stability of the tele- The Bloomington plant will re- the of T. with provisions for later expansion vision industry.' main under management , of the Bloomington space as re- In addition to television receiv- S. Weeks, who will supervise tele- quired. ers, the Bloomington factory will vision production in addition to Production lines are scheduled to manufacture all of the intricate continuing his supervision of radio start in August, and are expected television tuners or station-selector production.

national convention of the Canadian RCA Institutes Graduation Medical Association, held in Saska- toon on June 1.3-15. (Confirmed from page vancement, and it is encouraging to 23) Television equipment worth realize that from each branch of can perfect a wrist-watch radio, and §100,000, including two cameras, radio-electronics new trails will b3 eventually a miniature television control apparatus and a transmitter blazed. Therefore, it behooves you set!" were installed at the Saskatoon select that field which appeals As some other examples of out- to General Hospital where the surgical most to you and to follow it with standing developments in electron- operations were televised. The pro- all the talent, initiative, eagerness, ics undreamed of only a few years grams, broadcast for an hour each and hard work that you can muster. ago. General Sarnoff mentioned the day, were sent lU miles by micro- "Let repeat : The most im- RCA Ultrafax system which is me wave radio relay from the hospital portant factor to keep in mind is to capable of transmitting a million to convention headciuarters where continue your education. Science words a minute; Teleran, a combi- they were viewed on twelve 10-inch and industry will reward you for nation of television and radar, of and 16-inch RCA ^'ictor television your talents and energy. Out of vast importance in air navigation receiver.s. In addition. 6- .x 8-foot and traffic control; radio-controlled your efforts may come inventions, pictures of the operations were products, processes and serv- planes and electronic maritime navi- new shown on an RCA television projec- ice.':. Through your achievement. I gation aids; and the electron micro- tion unit installed at the hotel. scope which can hope that you will find success and peer deeply into Arrangements for the demonstra- submicroscopic realms. happiness—enhanced by the knowl- tion were made in cooperation with edge that you are contributing to "A serious error that must be the E. R. Squibb & Sons Interna- progress for the benefit of this Na- avoided when considering the tional Corporation. tion and its people. There is every- heights of achievement reached in electronics," declared General Sarn- thing good yet to be accomplished in our lives and in our work. What off, "is to think that everything has Extends done, do better. NBC TV Net been done. The radio-electronic man has man can May each one of you be that man." developments I have mentioned here Five television stations have been are but an index to the opportuni- added to NBC's rapidly expanding ties that exist. Canadian Doctors Watch TV network, bringing the chain's "Progress calls for ni)t only re- total television outlets to 4-5. The Surgery by Television search scientists and experimenters, new stations are WKV-TV. Okla- development and design engineers, Television as a medium of medi- homa City; WBRC-TV. Birming- but also for operators and technical cal and surgery instruction was ham; WBTV. Charlotte; WOW-TV, •epairmen, mechanics and testers. demonstrated for the first time in Omaha, and W.MBR-TV. .Jack.son-

. Each field offers chances for ad- Canada by RCA Victor during the ville.

[RADIO AGE 31] ;

of The Franklin Institute, the Rum- TELEVISION IN INDUSTRY ford Medal of the American Acad- emy of Arts and Sciences, the Gold Use of Video Equipment in Commercial Fields May Exceed Scope Medal of the Poor Richard Club, the annual award of the Television of TV in Howes. Walts Tells Milwaukee Engineers Broadcasters Association and the Cross of Chevalier of of television in industry rooms; how manufacturing methods the the French USE I.«gion of Honor. may develop into a service in fields ranging from heavy engi- broader in scope than that of video neering to watchmaking can be A graduate of the Institute of pronramminp for the jxiblic. yrreat- taught to large groups quickly, and Technology, St. Petersburg, he re- er even than those that mi^'ht be how the best of facilities and facul- ceived the Doctor of Philosophy encomjiassed by the widest sweeps ties can be made available simul- degree from the University of of imagination conjured up by sci- taneously to all students in an area Pittsburgh in 1!)2G. Brooklyn Poly- ence fiction writers. This prospect by broadcast or direct-wire tele- technic Institute has conferred up- was outlined recently by W. W. vision service. on him the honorary degree of Doctor Science. Watts, vice president in charjre of New applications of television, he of the RCA Kn^rineerin^' Products I)e- said, are "an inviting frontier for In addition to being a Fellow of pai-tment. in an address to the En- creative engineering, and a source the A. I. K. E.. Dr. Zworykin is a jfineers Society of Milwaukee. of prestige, fortunes, and opportu- member of the Institute of Radio Speakinjr on the subject, "Tele- nities to render service to the Engineers, the American Physical 'vision's New Directions", Mr. Watts world." Society, the American Association described some of the applications for the Advancement of Science. of television to industry which are The Franklin Institute, Electron now beinjr explored. He mentioned Microscojie Society of America, Sig- particularly the use of fixed-focus Zworykin Receives Medal ma Xi, the National Academy of cameras in laboratories and at criti- Sciences, the American Academy of For Work in Television cal points in production lines to Arts and Sciences, and the French Academy of facilitate inspection of materials (Continued from page 29) Science. and observation of processes and are being built for such purposes." ^rau^'es in location.s where explosive Potential applications of "indus- materials, dan^'erous jrases. extreme trial television" cited by Dr. Zwory- temperatures, or difficult acce.-is NBC Grants 5 Fellowships kin included: observation of ma- make it impracticable to station a chines or in human oljserver. Other uses he en- gauges inaccessible To Summer Radio Institutes places; of visajred included the i)robable uses monitoring dangerous -Vine ministers, directors of operations from a distance: tele- re- of television in traffic safety, the ligious casting of important meetings fin- education, and laymen in puardinv the asylum and prison cor- press coverage or religious radio have been granted ridors, retailing', teaching', jrraphic overflow audience presentation fellowships to the NBC Summer communication, and the theatre. of fashions or other merchandise on television receivers Radio Institutes by the National Outlining a system to detect fouls in stores, and in hospitals for ob- Broadcasting Company and the in horse racing, he described how servation of ojierations. surveillance Protestant Radio Commission, it six television cameras mounted of patients and entertainment of was announced recently by Sterling around the track could provide patients. W. Fisher, manager of NBC's stewards with a head-on view of Public Affairs and Education De- the entire race on television screens, "The greatest benefits can only partment. especially those portions of the be achieved through the intimate course that are ditlicult to see from interplay of fundamental science The awards were made to those the judjres' stand. and engineering," Dr. Zworykin who are currently planning and In the field nf education, he concluded. "As long as both fields providing radio programs on sus- added that televisinn has proved to of endeavor are adeijuately stafli'ed taining time for state and city be a particidarly brilliant and u.se- and exchange information freely, federations of churches, and min- ful .servant of society. He told of we need not fear for the material isterial associations of other inter- the numerous applications of tele- progress of our civilization." California at Los An- ages on large screens before class- ences, the Howard N. Potts Medal geles and Stanford University.

[32 RADIO AGE]