1844 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE J ANU.AR'i 1 'l been very true to it and has been very patient, and has allowed To be capta,ins the Senate to consider the treaty unmolested. The Committee First Lieut. Russell Conwell Akins, Infantry, from January on Appropriations has done the same thing. It comes down to 7, 1929. the fact that there are nine more of these large appropriation l!,irst Lieut. Henry Hapgood Fay, Infantry, from January 8, bills which have to be acted on, or we shall be in disgrace. 1929. I nm as anxious to see the Senator from Maine make progress First IJieut. Rudolph William Propst, Air Corps, from January with his cruiser bill as I am to Eee any other business of the 9, 1929. Senate pushed forward, but I ean not annoy him all the time First Lieut. Peter LeToney, Infantry, from January 12, 1929. and ceJ:tainly he ought not to and will not, I am sure, annoy l!"'irst Lieut. Robert Louis Renth, Infantry, from January 15, me so long as I am in charge of an appropriation bill. But I 1929. must have the cooperation of the members of my committee so First Lieut. Donald Campbell Kemp, Signal Corps, from that when they get notice of a meeting I may have their pres January 15, 1929. ence or else an acceptance of what the two or three of us who To be first lieutenants do attend the meetings may decide upon. Second Lieut. Emil John Peterson, Corps of Engineers, from I presume the Senator from Wasllington [Mr. JoNES], who January 7, 1929. has offered the amendment, wishes to make some observations Second Lieut. Gordon Edmund Texter, Corps of Engineers, concerning it that we may consider before morning, but I would from Jauuary 8, 1929. like to have all those who desire to discuss the amendment be Se<:oncl Lieut. Everett Chalmers Wallace, Coast Artillery here when the Senate convenes so that we may get along with Corps, from .January 9, 1929. the business of the Senate. Second Lieut. Vernum Charles Stevens, Coast Artillery Corps, l\fr. JONES. l\lr. President, I do not care to speak to-day. from January 11, 1929. Mr. HALE. 1\Ir. President, I stated this afternoon that I MEDICAL CORPS would ask the ·t-nior Senator from Kansa [l\Ir. Cun'.rrs] to move a recess to-night until 11 o'clock to-morrow. I will say To be captain now that I haYe talked with the Senator from Kansas. and it l!'irst Lieut. Fletcher Emory Ammons, 1\Iedical Corps, from has been found impossible to carry out that suggestion on January 17, 1929. account of certain committee meetings which are to be held in CHAPLAIN the morning. So I shall be entirely agreeable to the request of Chaplain Thomas Louis Kelley to be chaplain, with rank o~ the Senator from 'Vyoming. major, from January 16, 1929. Ex-ECUTIVE MESSAGES REFERRED The VICE PRESIDENT. The Chair, in accordance with an HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES order of the Senate heretofore made, refers to the appropriate committees the Executive messages transmitted to the Senate THURSDAY, January 17, 19~9 by the President to-day. The House met at 12 o'clock noon. RECEss The Chaplain, Rev. James Shera Montgomery, D. D., offered 1\fr. "\VARREN. I move that the Senate take a recess until the following prayer: 12 o'clock to-morrow noon. Our Father which art in heaven, hallowed be Thy name. Thy The motion was agreed to; and the Senate (at 5 o'clock and kingdom come. Thy will be done in earth, as it is in heaven. 10 minute-s p. m.) took a recess until to-morrow, Friday, Janu Give us this day our daily bread. And forgive us our tres ary 18, 1929, at 12 o'clock meridian. passes, as we forgive them who trespass against us. And lead us not into temptation, but deliver us from evil; for Thine is NOMINATIONS the kingdom, and the power, and the glory, forever. Amen. Exec-utive nomi-nati.Q11s received by the l~enaJe Janua!f"1] 17, 1929 The Journal of the proceedings of yesterday was read and CoLLECTOR oF CusToMs approved. Louis M. Hall, of St. Louis, Mo., to be collector of customs for MESSAGE FROM THE SENATE customs collection district No. 45, with headquarters at St. A message from the Senate, by Mr. Craven, its principal clerk, Louis, 1\Io. (Reappointment.) announced that the Senate had passed a bill and concurrent UNITED STATES DISTRICT JUDGE resolution of the following titles, in which the concurrence TABLE A.-Statement of &nate amendmems inoolving appropriations, showing ejJed of adion of confereu thereon Increase (+) or d ecrease ( -) , agree d Increasecrease {-),( +) oragreed de- amount compared with Honse amount compared Amend Appropri Appropri figure with Senate figure ment Subject Budget ated by. ated by Agreed No. estimate House Senate amount Reclama Indian Reclama tribal General General tionfund funds tion fund 3, 21 Drainage system, Sac and Fox Indians, Iowa ___ ------1$10,000 $10,000 $10,000 ------1-$10,000 +$10 000 5 Pu~f;o~;~~~-~~~~~~-~~-~~~~~~-t!~~~------25,000 25,000 ------++25••• 000 ~-~-~----~-~-~-~-~-~-~-~-~~-~-~-~-~-~-~---- ~------~- 6 Warehouse, Fort Mojave,_Ariz. ______7 ______------7, 000 7, 000 ------7 000 1 This item was carried as an appropriation. from Indian tribal funds as passed by the House, but was transferred by the Senate and finally agreed to as a direct appro priation from the Tr~, CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE JANUARY -17 TABLE A.-Statement of Senate amendments involving appropriations, &howinu effect of action of conferees ·thereon-Continued Increase ( +) or decrease (-), agreed Increase ( +) or de- amount compared with House crease (-), agreed amount compared fl. gure with Senate figure Amend Budget Appropri Appropri Agreed ment Subject estimate ated by ated by No. House Senate amount Reclama Indian tribal General Reclama General tionfund funds tion fund 8 Additional pupils, Haskell Institute______$212,500 $212, 500 $225,000 $225,000 ------+$12, 500 ------9 Dormitory and gymnasium, Haskell Institute.• ------70,000 ------$70,000 14 Shawnee SanatoriunL______48,000 48,000 60,000 60,000 ------+12, 000 ------15 Rapid City Sanatorium ___ ------94,600 94,600 39 2 This item was estimated for by the Budget and carried in the bill as passed by the House as an appropriation from Indian tribal funds. The Senate inSerted the item as a gratuity appropriation and final action resulted in the item being eliminated from the bill. a This item was estimated for by the Budget and carried in the bill as passed by the House as an appropriation from Indian tribal funds. The Senate inserted the item as a gratuity appropriation but final action resulted in the provision being carried as a tribal fund item. . • The Budget estimate on this item includes a supplemental estimate for $300,000, received after the bill had passed the House. Then, in accordance with the practice of this subcommittee Ideficiencies, for. the years 1916 to 1930, inclusive, which I think heretofore, I will insert Table B, which shows . the annual ap- is of interest to thi& House : propriations uflder the Department of the Interior, including TABLE B.-Annual appropriations under the Department of the Interior, including deficiencies, fiscal years 1916-19JO [Exclusive of permanent and inde.finite appropriations] Civil-service All other Indian tribal rng~a~~-1 A~g::r Army a~d retirement Reclamation Interior Total funds appropriations appropriations Navy pensiOns Department fund appropriations 1930.------______:______$4, 724, 829. 60 $1, 695, 261. 00 $14,941,342. 02 $221, 000, 000. 00 $20, 500, 000. 00 $8, 078, 000. 00 $19, 3i0, 860. 00 $290, 310, 292. 62 1929.------3, 566, 500. 00 2, 045, 500. 00 12, 234, 009. 00 210, 000, 000. 00 19, 950, 000. 00 12,727,000.00 16,230,030. 00 276, 753, 039. 00 1928.------2, 535, 555. 00 5, 452, 125. 00 10, 969, 361. 00 1267,000,000.00 ------11, 903, 800. 00 15, 851, 535. 00 313, 712, 376. 00 1927 ! ______------2, 414,808. 00 2, 412, 500. 00 10, 523, 660. 00 193, 000, 000. 00 ------7, 556, 000. 00 14, 121, 258. 00 230, 020, 226. 00 1926 3 ______------2, 135, 010. 00 1, 589, 178. 00 13, 720, 303. 55 197, 000, 000. 00 ------...... - 12, 349, 000. 00 3 20,924, 109. 00 3 247, 717,600.55 1925.------2, 612, 700. 00 1, 555,600. 00 9, 656, 420. 00 222, 590, 000. 00 ----- ... ------11, 106, 289. 00 19, 215, 518. 00 266,736,527.00 1924.------2, 406, 600. 00 2, 179, 850. 00 9, 458, 854. 00 253, 003, 000. 00 -- ... ------12, 250, 000. 00 21, 598,534. 00 300, 896, 838. 00 1923------2, 483, 573. 00 1, 041, 466. 00 9, 383, 720. 00 268,000, 000.00 ------15, 075, 000. 00 22, 710, 520. 00 318, 694, 279. 00 1922.------2, 716, 921. 00 1, 249, 005. 00 8, 724, 170. 00 265, 000, 000. 00 ------20, 266, 000. 00 20, 160,758.00 318, 116, 854. 00 1921.------1, 415, 165. 00 1, 450, 830. 00 9, 2~8. 513. 00 ·279, 000,000.00 ------8, 463, 000. 00 21, 972, 532. 00 321, 570, 040. 00 1920.------I, 531,817. 00 2, 173, 833. 00 9, 160, 629. 00 215, 000, 000. 00 ------.. - 7, 300,000.00 24, 071, 669. 00 259, 237, 948. 00 1919------1, 750, 000. ()() 2, 133, 583. ~ 8, 982, 753.00 223, 000, 000. ()() ------9, 497,080.00 20, 365, 644. 00 265, 729, 060. 00 1918.------1, 291, 117. 00 2, 029,500. • 9, 818, 295. 00 183, 000, 000. 00 ----- ... ------8, 227' 000. 00 28, 398, 245. 00 232, 762, 157. 00 1, 2(33, 250. 00 1, 921, 986. 00 9, 045, 658. 00 163,000,000. 00 1917------... 8, 884, 000. 00 18, 275,465.00 202, 390, 359. 00 1916.------665,000.00 518,740.00 9, 253, 162. 00 164,000,000.00 -... ------... ------... 13, 530, 000. ()() 15, 120,077.00 203, 086, 979. 0() 1 Includes deficiency for 1927 which was paid from 1928 appropriations. _ . . 2 Does not include appropriations for the Patent Office and the Bureau of M_mes, whlCh ha\'e been transferred to the Department of Commerce . • 3 Includes $4,773,160 appropriated for the Patent Office and the Bureau of Mmes transferred to the Department of Commerce July I, 1925. 1\Ir. Speaker, I ask for a vote on the conference report. The Clerk read as follows : The SPEAKER. ... The question is on agreeing to the confer Amendment No. 4 : rage 40, in line 3, after the word "prescribed," ence report. insert a comma and add the following language: "but formal contracts The conference report was agreed to. shall not be required, for compliance with section 37 44 of the Revised The SPEAKER. The Clerk will report the first amendment Statutes (U. S. C. p. 1310, sec. 16), for payment of tuition of Indian in disagreement. childL·en in public schools or of Indian childL'en i.n schools !or the deaf The Clerk read as follows: and dumb, blind, or mentally deficient." Page 22, line 21, after the word " practicable," insert : " Provided Mr. CRAMTON. 1\ir. Speaker, as to that amendment I move also, That the amounts paid to matrons, foresters, farmers, physicians, that the House recede and concur. That is in the same situa nurses, and other hospital employees, and stockmen provided for in tion as the amendment just referred to. It is language that has this act shall not be included within the limitations on salaries and been carried in the bill for some time, which went out jn the compensation of employees contained in the act of August 24, 1912 House on the point of order and has been restored by the Senate (U. S. C. p, 692, sec. 58)." and brought back for a separate vote. The only effect of it is Mr. CRAMTON. Mr. Speaker, I move that the HoUBe recede to waive formal contracts, and I think that carries with it thf: and concur in that amendment. I will simply state that that necessity for advertising, where these Indian children are· placed amendment restores to the bill language that was reported to in schools for the deaf and dumb, blind, and mentally deficient. the House from the committee, which went out in the House on TheFe are not many of those children. Not a great deal is a point of order upon the ground that it is legislation. Of involved, but the Indian Service says that they get along better cour e it is legislation. It is a pro.vision that has been carried with these State institutions, if this language is carried, and for a great number of years--1 do not know how long. It is that is where these defective Indian children are I think in all a limitation on the total salaries that can be paid on any one cases. reservation for a certain class of employees, a.nd the Indian The SPEAKER. The question is on the motion of the gentle Service states that some· of these reservations are of such man from Michigan to recede and concur. importance that to leave out this language would seriously The motion was agreed to. handicap the work the Government is carrying on. The SPEAKER. The Clerk will report the next amendment The SPEAKER. The question is on the motion of the gen in disagreement. tleman from Michigan to recede and concur. 'l'be motion was agreed to. The Clerk read as follQws : The SPEAKER. The Olerk will report the next amendment Amendment No. 20: Page 57, line 6, after the word "tribes," strike in disagreement. out the following language: "Provided further, That the position of. 1929 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE Superintendent of tbe Five Civilized Tribes is hereby included within the Gen. Hugh L. Scott, Princeton, N. J.; Clement S. Ucker, Savan competitive classified civil service and shall be subject to civil service . nab, Ga.; Flora Warren Seymour, Chicago, Ill.; John J. Sulli laws and rules." van, Philadelphia, Pa. ; M~·y Vaux Walcott, Washington, D. C. Mr. CRAMTON. Mr. Speaker, I move that the House further The members of this board serve without pay, and their point insist upon its disagr eement to tthe Senate amendment. That of view is entirely disinterested. sentence was in the bill as reported and as it passed the House. They are not under the Indian Bureau. They are a sort of It has been stricken out by the action of the Senate. It reads official board of unofficial visitors and the board is composed as follows: of men and women of very high standing. In the report of this board for the year 1926 I find this That the position of Superintendent of the Five Civilized Tribes is statement in respect to the Superintendent for the Five Civilized hereby includeu within the competitive classified civil service and shall Tribes: be subject to civil service laws and rules. CIVIL-SERVICE STATUS FOR SUPERINTEXDENT Several years ago, in 1914, on an appropriation bill, a provi The Superintendent for the Five Civilized Tribes is the only super· sion was inserted which took out this one superintendent from intendent in the Indian Service who has not a civil-service status. He -the civil service. All other Indian superintendents are under is appointed by the President, with the advice and consent of the Senate, the civil service, but this one, that has charge of probably more by virtue of_an act Qf Congress approved in 1914. All other reserva· Indians than any other superintendent and who administers tion superintendents are appointed by the Secretary of the Interior m ore funds and property, is not under the civil service. The under civil service laws and regulations. Before 1914 this jurisdiction es timated value of tribal lands and other tribal property of the was ably managed by two officials appointed in conformity with the Five Civilized Tribes is $10,566,154, the estimated value of re civil service law, and under them the great task of allotment and stricted allotted lands and other individual restricted property organization ~as practically completed. is $79,463,871, and the balance of individual Indian money on It is quite evident that the radical change in the status of the super· hand June 30 last was $16,926,321, or a total of property and intending official was effected 12 years ago as a matter of political funds under the guardianship of this officer amounting to expediency. There were no ·unusual conditions existent at the- time considerably over $100,000,000. The disbursements of Federal, which required the setting apart of this agency as a unique exception Indian, and miscellaneous funds for administrative purposes to the long-established and time-tested practice that placed the field under his' direction the fiscal year 1928 ·was over a half management of Indian affairs in the hands of civil-service employees: million dollars. The:J;e are opportunities galore for the wrong There then were a number of competent, experienced field officials hav kind of a man in that office to favor rapacious whites of ing the civil-service status-as there are now-any one of whom could Oklahoma at the expense of the Indians. There is constant have effectively superintended the agency for the Five Civilized Tribes. and tremendous local influence exerted on this agent by politi This- office is frankly regarded as a rightful perquisite of the political cal and other forces .in Oklahoma, and the political and other party in power. No other superintendency is so regarded. There is forces should not have the right to dictate that appointment. no valid reason _why the Five Civilized Tribes superintendent should be Be it said to the eternal credit of Commissioner Charles H. unique in this resped. It certainly is a sad commentary on our vaunted Burke that he has refused to yield to such dictation, that a year American civilization that the happiness, welfare, and progress of sev ago, when the post became vacant on the indictment of Wallen, eral thousands of human beings, who happen to be the Indian wards of Burke brought in Ellis, a man of long experience in the Indian a great Government, should be made secondary to the political fortunes Service and of high integrity, not the creature of Oklahoma of a few white persons who happen to live in Oklahoma. politics, not beholden to Oklahoma influences, and has kept him For the past 12 years, no matter whicli of the major parties was there under a temporary appointment in spite of all Oklahoma in power, and irrespective of the personal1ty of the incumbent of this influences. office, there has been a constant atmosphere of suspicion, of charge Since that action was taken in 1914, exempting that position and countercharge, of factional jockeying, of favoritism and discrimina from the civil service, the duties of that c fficial have ~n very tion surrounding the office of the Superintendent for the Five Civilized greatly extended, through a desire in Oklahoma to have ·the Tribes. The incumbent not only has been subjected to attacks from work somewhat decentralized, and have many things passed the party in Qpposition but also by the faction of his oWn party to on by that official instead Of having action in Washington. which he did not belong and which vehemently wanted to get him out That law reads as follows : in order to get its man in. That hereafter no undisputed claims to be paid from individual If these political maneuverings did not affect the Indians, this moneys of restricted allottees, or their heirs, or uncontested agricultural matter perhaps might be passed over as of min(}r consequence. But and mineral leases (excluding oll and gas leases) made by individual the injection of practical politics into the administration of the affairs restricted Indian allottees, or their heirs, shall be forwarded to the of this group of tribes has been most injurious to the welfare of the Secretary of the Interior fQr approval, but all such undisputed claims Indians and has brought discredit to the Nation and the State of or uncontested leases (except oil and gas leases) heretofore required Oklahoma. to be approved under existing law by the Secretary of the Interior The sole cure for this evil sHuation is the 1·epeai of the law which shall hereafter be paid, approved, rejected, or disapproved by the Super changed the office of superintendent !rom a civil-service status, making intendent for the Five Civilized Tn"bes of Oklahoma. it a political appointment. Such action would make this office similar in all respects to that That has added to his responsibilities. In 1·ecent years two of other superintendencies in the Indian Service. of those superintendents -have been under serious question in respect to their probity and integrity. One, Victor Locke, was At the present time I remind the House that the platforms of removed from office for misconduct ; and his successor, Mr. Shade both the Republican and Democratic Parties in the last cam E. Wallen, the last regular appointee, was indicted by the paign indorsed civil service. grand jury; but in justice to him I should say that he was The Democr-atic platform reads: not convicted, and that I am advised that the indictment has CIVIL SERVICE been quashed. Grover Cleveland made the extension of the merit system a tenet of However, there were serious irregularities ; and those come our political faith. We shall preserve and maintain the civil service. largely because of the pressure of local influence in Oklahoma The Republican national platform reads, under the heading to get advantage for individuals out of contracts and other Civil Service : matters affecting these Indians. A former Member of Con gress from Oklahoma was indicted there about that time be The merit system in Gove1·nment service originated with and has cause of attorney contracts with Indians, as I recalL been developed by the Republican Party. The great majority of our There is no position in the whole Indian Service that needs public-service employees are now secured through and maintained in the· to ~e removed from the pressure of local politics more than Government-service rules. Steps have already been taken by the this one office we are speaking about, and the language of the Republican Congress to make the service more attractive as to wages bill, which the amendment of the Senate seeks to strike out, and i·etirement privileges, and we commend what has been done as a will .accomplish that purpose. The Board of Indian Commis step in the right direction. sioners is in favor of such action, and I will quote from their There is no othe1·-place, in my judgment, where it is needed annual report for the fiscal year 1926. so much as ill this one particular office. I hold in my hand the annual report of the Board of Indian Mrs. Corinna Lindon Smith, chairman of the division of Commissioners for the fiscal year ending June 30, 1926. That Indian welfare, of the General Federation of Women's Clubs, . board is made up of 10 distinguished citizens of the United a very capable woman, who is very much in contact with States, whose names are as follows : these q_uestions in the field, has written me a letter in which Warren K. Moorhead, Andover, Mass. ; Samuel A. Eliot, Bos she says that nothing is more important for the welfare of the ton, Mass. ; Frank Knox, Manchester, N. H.; Daniel Smiley, hundred thousand enrolled members of the Indian tribes in Mohonk Lake; N. Y. ; Malcolm McDowell, Washington, D. C.; eastern Oklahoma than to have a continuous, well-planned 1850 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE JANUARY 17 constructive policy carried out by the civil-service officials Mr. CRAMTON. Mr. Speaker, as to that I will simply say trained in the Indian Service. She.says: there wa · a contract between this district and the Reclamation As chairman of the division of Indian welfare of the General Fed Service by which if the district paid up its charges half of eration of Women•s Clubs I wish to indorse very strongly the Cram the particular expenditure discussed here would be borne by ton amendment apvearing on page 57, lines 6 to 9, of H. R. 16089. the Federal Government. The district got behind in their pay Senator HAYDEN, on the floor of the Senate, emphasized the fact ments, and later they paid up, and when they had paid up, then that there has been more or less scandal connected with the Five they felt that the Federal Government or the Reclamation Civilized Tribes office ever since the position of superintendent was Service ought to pay this half the same as if they bad paid up taken out of civil service and made a political one. more promptly. That view was sympathized with by the .As brought out in the hearing before your committee, the funds in Reclamation Service. It was urged that the penalty for their the bands of the Superintendent of the Five Tribes amount to approxi slowness in payment, the 10 per cent, wa all the penalty in mately $17,000,000, with an estimated value of restricted Indian lands tended, but the Comptroller General held otherwi e. This was of about $80,000,000. It is obvious that a position of such financial put in in the Senate, and it is not objectionable to the Recla resvonsibility should not be by political appointment. mation Service and may well be agreed to. I believe that nothing is more important for the welfare of the The SPEAKER. The question is on the motion of the gen hundred thousand enrolled members of Indian tribes in eastern Okla tleman to recede and concur. homa tha.n to have a continuous and well-planned constructive policy The question was taken, and the motion was agreed to. carried out by civil-service officials trained in the Indian Service. The SPEAKER. The Clerk will report the next item in I trust that you will see that the amendment placing the position of disagreement. Superintendent of the Five Civilized Tribes under civil service is re The Clerk read as follows: tained in the Interior Department bill as finally agreed to by Congress Amendment No. 39: On page lOG, line 3, after the word "purchased," and approved by the President. strike out "or by condemnation under the provisions of the act of A letter from Charles J. Rhoads, president of the Indian August 1, 1888 (U. S. C. p. 1302, sec. 257), whenever in the opinion of the Secretary of the Interior acquisition by condemnation proceedings Rights Association, says: is necessary or advantageous to the Government." In the interest of honest and efficient administration of Indian affairs, we express the earnest hope that when the Indian appropriation act Mr. CRAMTON. Mr. Speaker, I move that the House further (H. R. 15089) is considered in conference, you will endeavor to secure insist on its disagreement to the Senate amendment. the restoration of the following clause, which was stricken from the act The SPEAKER. The gentleman from Michigan moves that by the Senate on December 20, 1928: the House further insist on its disagreement to the Senate "Provided furt1&er, That the position of Supelintendent of the Five amendment. Civilized Tribes is hereby included within the competitive classified serv Mr. CRAMTON. After that, Mr. Speaker-- ice and shall be subject to civil service laws and rules." Mr. GARRETT of Tennessee. Mr. Speaker, a parliamentary Under the conditions existing since 1914, when the position of Super inquiry. intendent of the -Five Civilized Tribes was withdrawn from the classified The SPEAKER. The gentleman will state it. service, there has be~>n much scandal and mismanagement connected Mr. GARRETT of Tennessee. I desire to make a pref~r.. with that office, due to the pernicious political interference with tribal ential motion, that the House recede and concur, and I would affairs. We therefore trust that you will agree with us that this im like to inquire if now is the proper time to make that motion? portant office should be so protected that the affairs of the Five Civilized Mr. CRAMTON. Mr. Speaker, I do not want to lose--- Tribes can be administered in the interest of the Indians, regardless of Mr. GARRETT of Tennessee. I did not intend to try to take the wishes of those seeking to despoil them. the floor from the gentleman. The SPEAKER. This motion of the gentleman from Ten Miss Amelia E. White, secretary of the Eastern Association nessee will'be considered as pending and preferential. on Indian Affairs, wrote me about this matter: Mr. CRAMTON. Does the gentleman from Tennessee desire We heartily indorse such legislation. With the right sort of supel'in some time? tendent, free from political control, the Five Civilized Tribes would be Mr. GARRETT of Tennessee. I would like some time. Does in an excellent position. the gentleman from Michigan desire me to proceed or wait? The superintendent has a position of great responsibility, since he is Mr. CRAMTON. I will suit the gentleman's wishes as to that. responsible for the funds of the Five Tribes, amounting to many million I would like to go ahead and explain the situation, and then dollars. He must not only be a man interested in the tribe as human yield to the gentleman. That probably would be in the interest beings, he must also be a man who has had financial experience. of the best procedure for the House. Mr. Speaker, when this H. Eliot Kaplan, secretary of the National Civil Service bill was before the House the House adopted the section on Reform League, wires me: page 106 and the_first half of page 107, reading as follows: For the acquisition of privately owned lands and/or standing timber Provision absolutely necessary and desirable to remove management of within the boundaries of existing national parks and national monu Indian wards from evils resulting through political favoritism, which is inevitable if position of superintendent is placed in unclassified service. ments by purchase, or by condemnation under tbe provisions of the act of August 1, 1888 (U. S. C. p. 1302, sec. 257), whenever in the opinion 1\Ir. TILSON. Mr. Speaker, will the gentleman yield? of the Secretary of the Interior acquisition by condemnation proceedings Mr. CRAMTON. Yes. is necessary or advantageous to the Government, $250,000, to be ex Mr. TILSON. The gentleman's motion is to vote down this pended only when matched by equal amounts by donation from other amendment? sources for the same purpose, to be available until expended: Prot;ided, 1\lr. CRAMTON. My motion is to further insist upon the That in addition to the amount herein appropriated the Secretary of House disagreement to the Senate amendment. That would the Interior may incu1· obligations and enter into contracts for addi send it back to conference for further consideration. tional acquisition of privately owned lands and/or standing timber in The SPEAKER. The question is on the motion of the gen the existing national parks and national monuments not exceeding a tleman from Michigan that the House further insist upon its total of $2,750,000 as matching funds from outside sources are donated disagreement to the Senate amendment. for the same purpose, and his action in so doing shall be considered The question was taken; and on a division (demanded by contractual obligations of the Federal Government: Provided furlher, Mr. CRAMTON) there were-ayes 88, noes 0. That tlJe sum herein appropriated and the appropriations herein au So the motion was agreed to. thorized shall be available to reimburse any future donor of privately The SPEAKER. The Clerk will report the next item in owned lands and/or standing timber within the boundaries of any disagreement. existing national park or national monument to the extent of one-half The Clerk read as follows: the actual purchase price thereof: Pt·ovided further, That as part Amendment No. 30 : Page 85, after line 9, insert the following: consideration for the purchase of lands, the Secretary of tbe Interior "That the Secretary of the Interior be, and he hereby is, authorized may, in his discretion and upon such conditions as be deems proper, and directed to credit the Farmers' Irrigation District with the sum lease lands purchased to the grantors for period , however, not to of $2,376.45, as of January 1, 1927, which represents 50 per cent of exceed the life of the particular grantor, and the matching of funds the expenses incurred by said district in operating and mAintaining under the provisions hereof shall not be governed by any cash value the Nine Mile Drain from January 1 to .Tune 30, 1926, under contract placed upon such leases: Provid-ed further, That appropriations here with said district dated June 16, 1927, in connection with the North tofore and herein made and authorized for the purcha c of privately Platte project, Nebraska-Wyoming." owned lands and/or standing timber in the national parks ancl national monuments shall be available for the payment in full of expenses Mr. CRAMTON. Mr. Speaker, I move to recede and concur incident to the purchase of said lands and/or standing timber. in the Senate amendment. The SPEAKER. The gentleman from Michigan moves to That section makes an appropriation of $250,000 for the recede and concur in the Senate amendment. acquisition of privately owned land in national parks. It 1929 CONGRESS! ON AL RECORD-HOUSE .1851 fUrther authorizes contracts to the extent of $2,750,000. It are invaluable for park purposes are nee.ded and threatened further provides that in the case of some individuals who haye with destruction and held at unreasonable figures." summer homes in the parks that a life lease may be given so That is the issue between the House and the Senate, and that they can continue to use their homes for that same purpose is the issue pressed here by the preferential motion offered by during the life of the present owner. It further provides that the gentleman from Tennessee [Mr. GARnETT] when be moves these appropriations are only available when matched by an to concur in the Senate amendment. It means that we are to equal amount of funds from private sources. It further pro take away from the Interior Department the right to institute vides that if private individuals go in and acquire land, it may condemnation proceedings. be lands that are in danger, where timber is to be cut or some I contend that that right to condemn land in fact exists now. thing of the kind, but if they go ahead and put in 100 per cent This language is not required to confer the authority to con of the cost later when funds are available the Government may demn, but this language is necessary, as it passed the House, to pay for half of their expenditure and take over the title. enable this money to be used for the purchase of land acquired Mr. CANNON. Mr. Speaker, will the gentleman yield? by condemnation. We are not seeking here to confer the right Mr. CRAMTON. I would prefer, if I may, to proceed with- to condemn. That exists now. But we are seeking rather to out interruption. But I will yield. _ confer the right to use this money in acquiring land by con Mr. CANNON. I will ask the gentleman if this provision is demnation when the Secretary of the Interior finds it necessary not improperly included in an appropriation bill? That is, if a to do so. I have therefore outlined the issue, and will be glad point of order had been made in time, would it not have been to yield some time to the gentleman from Tennessee. subject to a point of order as being legislation on an appropria- Mr. GARRETT of Tennessee. Can the gentleman yield 10 tion bill? _ minutes? Mr. CRAMTON. If a point of order had been made against Mr. CRA:J\fTON. I yield to the gentleman 10 minutes. tb~ language as it stands in the bill, the point of order would The SPEAKER. The gentleman from Tennessee is recog have been good, and I so stated on the floor when the item nized for 10 minutes. was before the House, and the gentleman who was considering Mr. GARRETT of Tennessee. MJ:. Speaker, I was not here the making of a point of order did not make it. I do not want at the time the Interior Department appropriation bill was con to get diverted, however. I say it would have been subject to sidered by the House originally, and my attention to the par a point of order; that is, certain minor provisions of the lan ticular feature that is now at issue has but recently been drawn. guage would have been subject to a point of order. For in I wish if I can to first impress the membership of the Honse stance, the one with reference to a life lease, and so forth, would with what I conceive to be the grave seriousness of this ques have been subject to a point of order. But the main provisions tion and of this issue. I do not concur with the gentleman of that paragraph would not have been subject to a point of from Michigan [Mr. CRAMTON] in his opinion that this language order. The right of the Government to buy privately owned which has been stricken from the bill by the Senate could have land in a national park is already clear under the law, so that gotten by a point of order in the House. I am not familiar a point of order as to that would not have stood. And it could with any law, any act of Congress, which at present gives have been sustained further as continuing a work in progress. general authority to the Secretary of the Interior or to any But some of the e minor provisions that were necessary to other governmental functionary to condemn land for park pur round out the paragraph would have been subject to a point of poses, so that I do not believe this particular language would order. If the point of order had been made, I would have have stood up against a point of order, and I think the Senate modified the language. has very wisely stricken it out. It is not because I am par Mr. CANNON. The main provisions of the paragraph to ticularly interested in any one park, but because I am interested which the gentleman refers relate to legislation under the juris in the great general policy. diction of the Committee on the Public Lands and not the Com I wish to say, Mr. Speaker, that I !:;peak as a friend of the mittee on Appropriations. No doubt there is excellent reason national-park system of the United States in so far as we may why this important provision should be hastily tacked on an go with, propriety and under the Constitution of the United appropriation bill instead of being submitted for mature con States. sideration to the legislative committee to which it properly Let me call YOU!" attention to the f~ct-and I am surprised belongs. that so careful a legislator as my friend from Michigan bas Mr. CRAMTON. An emergency existed. But I want to em not envisioned the possibilities that are involved in the adop phasize the fact that the most important provisions were not tion of the policy proposed in this bill-that up until quite subject to a point of order. The language could have bee-n recently the national parks that have been established in tlu! trimmed down so that the point of order would not have held. United States have, in the main, been set apart from the public 1\fr. GARRE'lvr of Tennessee. The condemnation feature of lands, lands that belonged to the Government and lands about the paragraph would not .have been subject to a point of which no question was raised as to the right of the Congress order? and the executive authority to set them apart for that particular Mr. CRAMTON. It would not, I will say. I will explain purpose, but in recent years in my own State, in the State of that when we get to it. That is my judgment. I admit that North Carolina, and in the State of Virginia, it is proposed to the Chair does not always take my view of things. But I am go into States where there are no public lands to serve as a satisfied as to that. nucleus in the establishment of a park. But the States have Now, an emergency exists as to these privately owned lands taken action. They have acquired a certain amount of the land in the national parks, and that section was intended to reach and it has been provided that there shall be raised by private that emergency; and in order to make clear what is before subscription millions an cided that the proceedings are valid. And then those who it from the speech of Senator WALSH yesterday at page 1767 sought to destroy the timber came to Washington and held con of the RECORD : ferences and got no encouragement from the legal powers here. That in every case 1n which the Secretary of the Treasury or Mr. ENGLEBRIGHT. Will the gentleman yield? any other officer of the Government has been, or hereafter shan be, Mr. CRAMTON. Yes. authorized to procure real estate for the erection of a public building Mr. ENGLEBRIGHT. I might add for the gentleman's in or for other public uses, be shall be, and hereby is, authorized to formation that since the provision was put in the Interior acquire the same for the United States by condemnation, under judicial Department bill I have received communications from private process, whenever in his opinion it is necessary or advantageous to the property owners in national parks placing a valuation on their Government to do so ; and the United States circuit or district courts holdings twice in excess of any common-sense amount that of the district _wherein such real estate is located shall have jurisdiction would be placed upon them. of proceedings for such condemnation ; and it shall be the duty of the 1\Ir. CRAMTON. That is what is inevitable so long as human Attorney General of the United States, upon every application of the nature is human nature. I will emphasize that further in a Secretary of the Treasury under this act, or such other officer, to cause moment. There is a splendid example from Tennessee as to proceedings to be commenced for the condemnation within 30 days from private contributions. How does that Great Smoky National the receipt of the application at the Department of Justice. Park come into being? We required in our act that before it SEc. 2. The practice, pleadings, forms, and modes of proceeding in should become a national park private holdings should be causes arising under the provisions of tbis act shall conform, as near . bought and turned over with no private lands left in to inter as may be, to the practice, pleadings, forms, and proceedings ex1sting fere with park development. These lands were to cost $10,- at the time in like causes in the courts of record of the State within 000,000. Five million dollars has been raised in a splendid way which such circuit or district courts are held, any rule of the court to by the States of North Carolina and Tennessee and $5,000,000 the contrary notwithstanding. comes from one private individual who desires to take that wonderful method of setting up a memorial that will stand for There is the authority that any officer of the Government ever for his mother. Five million dollars from a private con authorized to acquire land for public purposes, if it is advanta tributor makes pos ible the splendid national park in Tennessee, geous to do so, may resort to condemnation proceedings. and I did not expect from Tennessee would come any word of If the words "by purchase" had been stricken out with the criticism on the policy of creating the park in part with private other language stricken out the Senate amendment would have contributions. made no difference at all. Mr. GARRETT of Tennessee. Will the gentleman yield? It would have left it for tlle Secretary of the Interior to Mr. CRAMTON. I yield. acquire these lands by purchase or condemnation, but the Mr. GARRETT of Tenue see. The gentleman does not desire Senate proposes an exception here. That for any other public to put me in a wrong attitude? purpose you can acquire lands by condemnation when extor Mr. CRAMTON. Not at all. tionate prices are asked, but as to existing national parks you Mr. GARRETT of Tennessee. I am discussing the legal ques can only buy them by taking the price that the holder asks. tion, and a serious one. I do doubt the policy of the Govern When we were considering this bill, and this did not come mc>nt exercising the power of condemnation and providing that up suddenly, we bad hearings upon it, Senator W .ALSH appeared half of the compensation shall be made by private parties. before our committee and made a very helpful statement, 1Y1r. CRAMTON. .As long as the use is purely public I do which was referred to in my speech on the floor December 11, no-t see that it matters whether the money all comes from the when I first presented the bill to the House and at which time Trea ury, or one-half of it. What I object to is not sharing I gave notice that we intended to offer the amendment. the contribution, I think it a splendid way for wealthy men to Senator W .ALSH said before our committee at our hearings in u e money to buy areas to be perpetually devoted to the use of November: the pubiic. What I object to is sharing the use of the park. . I am entirely in sympathy with the plan of the 'Committee to acquire Senator W .ALSH of Montana secured this amendment in the Senute. He has a summer home in the park. I know that has the property held in private ownership at the foot of the lake by exchange, purchase, or otherwise-any way it can be acquired. . not actuated the Senator a particle in this but Senator W .ALSH knows that when he is exercising that ownership he has a cer That is what Senator W .ALSH said to our committee. tain area that is his and the rest of us have what is left. Mr. LEAVITT. But the Senator was confining that to the There have been parks where we wanted to establish auto land at the lower end of the lake. mobile camps for John Jones and his flivver and in order to Mr. CRAMTON. Yes. But I can not distinguish between the do so we had to buy it. I have thought sometimes that in the lower and the upper ends of the lake. He said further : Rocky Mountain National Park all we own is the scenery and that all of the land was in private ownership. I sympathize altogether keenly with the views of the committee as Now this is not new. This is the third year that the Interior expressed by its chairman concerning the advisability of the acquisi- · bill has carried thi kind of a proposition-appropriations for tion by the Government of the property at the foot of the lake. the purchase of private land and providing for Federal appro He said further : priations to be matched by private funds. Mr. GARRETT of Tennessee. Condemnation has not been Now, it is a simple question as to whether, with the work half carried heretofore. done, you should stop there in order to coerce those people into selling you their land at a lower price than they think -it is worth or that Mr. CRAMTON. It is unnecessary. I will say to the gentle man from Tennessee that if the Senate amendment had stricken they are asking for it, while the law gives you the perfect right to out two more words I wouid not have cared a cent about it. determine what it is actually worth, and to take it at that price. But the Senate left in the two words. 'l"'he Senate Committee That coercion is with reference to a certain road-building on Appropriations propo ed that they be stricken out with the program, and not condemnation. Mr. Chairman, the only way rest of it, but objection was made on the floor of the Senate by, the law gives you the right to determine what it is worth is I think, Senator W .ALSH. These two words that the Senator through condemnation proceedings, and Senator WALSH told insisted upon the Senate retaining while it struck out the pro our committee that we had the right to do it. Said he: vision for condemnation are, "by purchase." If they had stricken out those words it would have read- If t he Government wants those lands, and these people want exorbi tant prices for them, the way is open to determine just what is a fair For the acquisition of privately owned lands and/ or standing timber price, and the Government ought to be willing to pay that. withjn the boundaries of existing national parks and national monu ments $250,000, to be expended only when matched by equal amounts So much for the language; so much for the authority to by donation from other sources for the same purpose, to be available condemn. until expended. Now, as to the emergency that exists. I do not think I ought to take time to quote the details, but let me say this : For Then, with that language the department could have pur s.everal years our committee has been studying these problems chased or conuemned as authorized by existing law. We pre along with other Interior Department problems, and we have ferred to have the condemnation clause definitely set forth but been impressed by many specific examples of the danger to the authority would have existed anyway. But when the Sen the national parks through these private holdings. I started ate strikes out the reference to condemnation and retains " by to say a while ago that there were two dangers: First, the purchase," then tlle use of this appropriatio-n is restricted to undesirable use or development on the part of the private purchase. The words "by purchase" not being in disagreement owners, and secondly-and I did not say this at that time the conferees can not now take them out. the impossibility of the Government proceeding with its pro Here is the law of 1888 to which the House language refers gram of development because the lands are owned by indi and which is the basis of condemnation proceedings. I quote viduals. Those are the two things that create numberless 1854 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE JANUARY 17 difficulties. As I said in the hearings when Senator WALSH the general survey of the situation which our committee desires was before our committee : has been completed, I think, as late as December. An addi I am sure I speak for the committee when I say that we take a tional aid was given the Park Service a year ago to do that, good deal of interest in the national-park situation, largely because l\Ir. W. B. Lewis, former superintendent of the Yosemite Na we realize what they mean to the country in the future. We are tional Park. He was appointed an a sistant to the director in the beginning of a formulation of a national-park policy. Founda and carried on that work and made his report, and it appears in tions are now being laid. Our experience has impressed upon us that our hearings. He was for many years the head of one of our for the proper administration of national parks, that they may per greatest national parks, and that report, filed in December, and form their proper functions as national parks, it is imperative that appearing in our hearings, sets forth that it will cost between eventually all of the lands in those parks become the property of the five and six million dollars to acquire all the private lands in Federal Government. That seems to me self-evident, because a national existing parks and monument . park is intended to be set aside for the common use of the Nation, The most acute situation, challenging the most public atten and for some individual or group of individuals to have some portion tion, is in the Yosemite National Prrrk of California, and I am . of it set aside for their exclusive use is a denial of the common use of approaching now the emergency that makes ab olutely neces the Nation. sary this legi'31ation as passed by the House, unless this Con In addition to that fundamental proposition, there are certain gress is to be held up to the condemnation of the country. practical considerations that have come to our attention as a matter Here is the emergency: In the Yosemite National Park there of experience. The ownership by individuals of portions of a national are 13 square miles of timbered lands, cai-rying some of the most beautiful sugar pine and yellow pine of California. Cer park mal•es pos~:~ible two undesirable sets of circumstances. First, we frequently find the developments the park authorities themselves, tain projecte{l and soon to he co.llstructed scenic highways will representing the Nation, desire to make in the park, are obstructed travel for a distance of about 4 miles through that wonderful by the failure to own the land. We have had that experience. We wooded area. want to establish an automobile camp, and find that before we can These lands are in private ownership. In the last few weeks do it we have to make an agreement with the owners or buy those lands. they have come all into one ownership, 8,500 acres, that is car In Rocky Mountain Park, where the situation was more extreme rying on Jumber operations in the vicinity of the park, and it is ' than in Glacier, it seemed that about all we owned was the scenery, definite if these lands are not acquired the lumbering opera and wherever you wanted to go with an automobile and camp there tions will go into the park this coming summer and the timber were signs up "Private Property; Keep Off." So the private owner will be cut off. Certain private interests who have been trying ship stood in the way, and does in many cases now stand in the way to pre'.Tent or avert that national calamity have made an in of development which the Government would like to make. vestigation, and I happen to know they employed skilled timber Secondly, and sometime even more serious than that, has been cruisers to go in there and measure the timber and make an the possibility as well as the actual experience in some cases of an estimate of the. value of this land for the timber, and they undesirable development taking place on property in private owner made their report as to what this land is worth, but the owners ship. In Glacier there is an undesirable development going on. of this land have been refusing to consider any such price, and Some church organization is putting up a lot of shacks, etc., that it looks as if the fact is they consider the Government has to detract from the scenery in the park. In some cases more unsightly have t11is land or suffer execration from every nature lover, anu undesirable structures have resulted. and are encouraged to ask an unreasonable price. Now, because of these experiences, I think we have all come to the 'Vhen ·that situation developed, thi great tract in the park conclusion that some time those. private holdings must be eliminated, coming 'into one ownership, we knew that the cutting of timber and we have felt that the sooner they are eliminated the better, so was a matter of a few months. Then from a ·certain private we have been very anxious to see a comprehensive program under source 01ere was an offer of $1,000,00() as a gift to be usei:l when matched by an equal amount of public funds to acquire way. this land in the Yosemite and the balance to be used in other We pressed the Park Servi,ce to give us a survey of that whole national parks in the snme way. That offer was made in thing. In the 1928 Interior bill our committee recommended response to the invitation that Congress has made for the last and the House approved and Congress approved $50,000 for two years when we appropriated certain amounts on the half the purpose of buying · these lands when matched by private and-half basis. sources. Here, when the emergency is apparent, comes this generous 1\Ir. GARRETT of Tennessee. Mr. Speake-r, may I ask the offer from a private source to give a million dollars to take care gentleman a question for information? of the emergency and the balance to go to other parks, and it Mr. . CRAMTON. Surely. would be a crime, and certainly it is a crime to which I do not Mr. GARRE'l"'T of Tennessee. In the bills authorizing the wish to be a party, if we should fail to take advantage of the Secretary of the Interior to accept the parks to which the generous private offer and put up the money to rna tch such a gentleman has refen-ed, the one in North Carolina and Ten contribution. [Applause.] I say it would be a crime if we nessee, and the one in Virginia, was it provided that there shall fail to match the very generous offier, and I say we would be be a certain area definitely described, and that the title to the subject to the severest criticism if we fail to put up nioney to lands within that area shall be in the Government? match their money and if we fail to put it up in a way that Mr. CRAMTON. My recollection is this : I know how they will protect them as well as the Treasury from the unconscion were created. There was a commission headed by our colleague able prices that may be asked for this land otherwise. [Mr. TFn.IPLE] who made a survey of the entire East, and finally Furthermore, I have had the hope that the same source that recommen • 1929 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE 1859 these scientists visit tt. They very often give clinlcs to the medical have had an opportunity to give consideration to tbe matter, it is staff of the hospital for the benefit of the patients. They bring the last suggested for your consideration whether there are not now being fur word in tnedical science, and through such means the hospital is able to nished to certain of the personnel allowances which should be imme give its patients the most enlightened and curative treatment, as diately discontinued, such as servants, automobiles, laundry service, required by the organic act. · personal telephone service, etc., leaving for continuance pending presen No paid help is furnished to employees with the exception of the tation of the matter to the Congress only such allowances as may be supet·intendent and a maid four hom·s each day to the first assistant generally classed as bed and board, that is, rooms and meals. Your physician. These employees are all in the custodial grade, regular views in this connection are requested. classified service. Mr. Speaker, Doctor White testified before the Committee on It is difficult to get sufficient medical officers for the work of the Expenditures in the Executive Departments, of which I am a institution. There have been 72 separations from the hospital staff member, and gave the information which the gentleman from during the past six years. To make reductions from the salary for Michigan [1\Ir. CRAMTON] has just given to the House. Doctor quarters and other allowances would have a tendency to make it still White did not admit that he had authority of law to make those more difficult to get help. expenditures. He called to the attention of the committee that There .are aiJout 800,000 beds in hospitals throughout the United it was a difficult matter to obtain qualified doctors for the in States, one-half of which, or 400,000, are in mental institutions. There stitution, notwithstanding the fact that the Government is are about 150,000 physicians throughout the United States, about 1,500 operating institutions for the care of mentally sick war of whom are psychiatrists. While 50 per cent of the beds in hospitals \eterans, and has no difficulty in obtaining qualified physicians. are for mental ca es, only 1 per cent of the physicians throughout the Do we want to agree with Doctor White and Mr. CRAMTON country are at all trained to take care of mental patients. This is a that this Government is taking care of the inmates at St. fair indication of the degree of difficulty in getting adequate and prop Elizabeths, many of whom are jailbirds, in a much better man erly trained personnel for this character of service. ner than it takes care of the disabled incompetent and mentally The superintendent bas his own automobile, maintenance, and cost sick veterans of the Nation's wars? paid for out of his own funds. Let us look at some of the salaries and allowances in Govern The superintendent pays for personal telephone calls and telegrams ment hospitals where the mentally sick veterans are cared for. out of his salary. I quote now from the hearings held December 19, 1928, before Quarters and allowances, including subsistence, furnished the super the Committee on Expenditures in the Executive Departments, intendent at this time are the same as have been furnished to all this session of Congress. superintendents since the opening of the institution in 1855, and were Mr. McCarl makes this statement at page 21: offered to the present superintendent when he was appointed to the Although my repot·t submitted May 19, 1928, referred only to a civilian position. The food fumisbed to him is of the same class as is fumished to the patients. Anything additional the superintendent must purchase branch of the Government and to laws relating to officers and employees out of his own funds. This includes anything unusual or special sup in the civilian branch of the Government, pursuant to the specific request plies required to assist in entertaining visitors. This has averaged of the committee there bas been included in the chart or tabulation the salary rates, quarters, etc., of officers in charge of Army and Navy about $75 each month, which he pays out of his salary. hospitals which are controlled by other statutes in terms other than The quarters occupied by the superintendent are occupied by and for appearing in the statutes governing the payment of salary and furnish the United States Government in his capacity as superintendent ·of St. ing of quarters to officers and employees in the civilian branch of the Ellizabetlls Hospital, not in his personal capacity. Government. Reference to the chart or tabulation will show that under I think that iuformatiou may help to leaven the general dis the Veterans' Bureau, which is a civilian branch, the value of quarters cussion that we have had on this question. I was in hopes that and other allowances in kind to the officers in charge of the hospitals my amendment would go far in meeting the objections of the has been determined and deducted from the total salary rate as required gentleman from Wisconsin [1\fr. ScHAFER], because my amend by law. With respect to the Army and Navy, the hospitals usually are ment does not make an exception of St. Elizabeths, but it makes in charge of a colonel (Army) or captain (Navy) ; and under the laws it clear that the Personnel Classification Board are to act so as relating to the pay and allowances of such officers, the maximum wllich to fix the salary schedule and to make any needed deductions either may receive in pay and allowances (quarters and subsistence) is therefrom for quarters. In other words, they are to take St. $7,200 a year. That is to say, if the officer is not furnished quarters Elizabeths up anew and handle it in a way that will not con or subsistence in kind, his entire gross compensation may not exe€ed stitute an unde irable precedent for other in titutions. $7,200 a year. If he is furnished quarters in kind (the maximum I yield 10 minutes to the gentleman from Wisconsin [l\Ir. authorized allowance of which is seven rooms), the maximum amount SCHAFER]. that he could then receive would be $6,000 as salary, plus a cash sub Mr. SUHAFER. Mr. Speaker, those Members who are par sistence allowance of $438 a year, or an aggregate compensation of ticular that the Committee on Appropriation shall not usm-p $6,438 and a 7-room house. The Army and Navy do not furnish subsist the functions of the legislative committees, and that the execu ence in kind to officers living in Government quarters; neither are Army tive branch of the Government does not usurp the functions of and Navy officers entitled to be furnished laundry or servants at Gov the legislative branch, should oppose this amendment. The ernment expense. adoption of this amendment will be a step toward legalizing A table appears in the hearing on pages 22 and 23, which and validating the appropriation that Doctor White made for shows that the medical superintendent at North Chicago, Ill., personal allowances, amounting to $10,059 per annum, without receives a total annual salary of $6,500, allowance for quarters any authority of law. $750, and no other allowances such as Doctor White has granted Let u look at the facts. The Comptroller General on August himself. The table further shows that the medical superin 15, 1928, revealed this situation in his decision A 23927: Th9.t tendent at Camp Custer, l\Iich., receives a total salary of in addition to the $7,500 per y~ar salary allotted to the super $6,500 per year, $690 for quarters, and no other allowances. intendent of St. Elizabeths, which has been increased to $9,000 The quarters' allowance is deducted f ·om the salary in both per year under the Welch bill, he had received per year for cases. And remember that United States Veterans' Bureau laundry service an estimated amount of $300; for food, $2,676; hospitals at Camp Custer, 1\Iich., and North Chicago, Ill., are for coal for kitchen, $195; a 19-room apartment, estimated Federal Government hospitals in which are cared for mentally rental value, $2,400; for a housekeeper, $1,020; for a waitress, sick, shell-shocked, and insane war veterans. Is there any rea $960; for a cook, $1,380; for an assistant cook, $1,080; and son which would warrant the Congress of the United States telephone service, $48. taking one step leading toward the 1egalizing of the illegal ex Comptroller General McCarl recommended to the Secretary of penditures of the Superintendent of St. Elizabeths? the Interior that a discontinuance of some of the allowances be There is not. held in abeyance pending consideration by Congress. The Action should be taken by the proper law enforcement offi comptroller, however, in Receipts from licensee~ - Purposes for which collected For use of For use of public Jands and national For use of For reimburs Indian Government in~ cost of lands forests dams admmistration Accumulated totals- June 30, 1926 ------ $5,497. CJ1 $36,312.21 $107, 414. 00 $317,432.67 June 30, 1927 ------ 7, 036.59 62,884. 77 211,447.50 472,006.81 June 30, 1928 ------9, 454. 77 84,065.40 315,481.00 651,414.80 Estimated, June 1!0, 1929 ------ 12,916.56 108,750.58 514,789.50 862,226.63 Estimated, June 30, 1930------16,284.74 143,322.08 718,663. ()() 1, 103,539.37 $1, 822, 202. 37 .. 100% 50% 3731!% 1231!% 50% 50% ~ ----$17. 915.25 1 $911,101.19 Distribution and credit------·--- $16, 284.74 $53, 745. 78 911, 101. 18- To various $71,661.05 To various To the Indian trust To reclama public-land indefinite ap· funds tion fund States $929, 016. 44 propriation ''Maintenance To the and operation general fund of dams, etc." of the (War Depart- Treasury ment) The total expenditures as compared with receipts. first 10 years' operations, are set forth herein: Offsets Eg:penditures compared with receipts, first 10 years' ope1·ations Portion of NoTE.-Fees from licenses accrue and are payable according to the Estimated total receipts calendar year. They are deposited and accounted for according to the Fiscal year total eY. Fiscal year collected for penditures Total the purpose fiscal year. receipts of reimburs The commission's first fiscal year expenditures covered the period ing costs of between June 10, 1920 (the date of passage of the Federal water power administra- act), and June 30, 1921-the fiscal year 1921-but the first fees from tion licenses did not become payable until December 31, 1921, being accounted for under the fiscal year 1922. 1929 ______3 $188,840. ()() 1930 ______8 $483,126.00 s $241, 3l!i. 00 Hence, for the purpo es of this statement, expenditures for the fiscal 1930------3 265,000.00 1931______3 525,000.00 3 275,000. ()() year 1921 are offset by receipts for the fiscal year 1922, and so on Total ______1,707,821.53 TotaL ______2, 507,241.97 1, 378, 727. 80 during succeeding years. Deduct estimated payments to 'States, 19~1931 51,000.00 Offsets 2, 456, 241. 97 1, 707, 821. 53 Portion of 1, 707, 821. 53 Estimated total receipts Total receipts ---- Fiscal year total ex Fiscal year collected for are estima- penditures Total the purpose ted to exceed receipts of reimburs total expen- ing costs of ditures by___ ------748,420.44 ------administra- Total expen- tion ditures are estimated to exceed total receipts col 1921_------$110, 260. 37 1922_------$8,963.57 $8,741.65 155,213.45 1923_ ------29,519.23 24,279.32 lected for 1922_ ------53,713.42 46,349.94 the purpose 1923 ____ ------136,915.06 1924__------of reimburs 1924_------149, 7Zl. 86 1925 ____ ------129,475.52 110,876.78 244,985.11 127,184. 98 ing costs of 1925_------153,035.61 1926_------administra- 1926------183,621.82 1927------286,718.82 154,574.14 1927------I 177, 136.93 1928_------I 307, 040. 30 179,407.99 tion by______------329,093. 73 1928 __------188.070.43 1929 __ _------1438,700.00 a 211, 000. 00 1 Subtotal, $1,065,911.10. 1 Subtotal, $1,060,41.".97. 3 Estimated. a Estimated. 1929 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE 1867 ltECAPITULATION In the discussion of the legislation which they may endeavor Total receipts, fiscal years 1921-19'30, both to secure this colloquy occurred between Commissioner Eastman inclusive (estimated)------$1, 981, 809. 20 and myself: Distribution : To Indian funds------$16,284.74 PROBABILITY OF COXGESTION IN WORK OF COMMISSIONERS IF ADDITIONAL To the reclamation fund______71, 661. 05 EXAMINERS ARE PROVIDED To payments to States (special funds)- 53, 745. 78 To the general fund of the Treasury __ 929,016. 44 'Mr. VINSON. Without such authority, how many additional associate To the indefinite appropriation : Main- examiners would bring about this condition at the neck of the bottle tenace and operation of dams, etc. to which you refer? (War Department)------911, 101. 19 1,981,809.20 Mr. EASTMAN. I think myself we are pretty near up to that point of FEDERAL POWER COMMISSION, congestion now. I know that I have handled pretty nearly all the Washington. cases during the last year that it is physically possible for me to handle without neglecting some of them. CONCLUSIONS Mr. VINSON. Would it be a practicable thing to do to add these 25 By this statement are shown : additional associate examiners? 1. That as offsetting the fiscal year 1925 receipts exceeded expendi Mr. EASTMAN. Yes. I ought to say this: I happen to be a member of tures, direct or indit·ect, incurred in administering the Federal water division 4 of the commission and also of division 6. I think that the power act by nearly $92,000. work is now a little improperly distributed between the divisions. 2. That the commission arrived at a self-supporting basis following We have in mind a new distribution of the work. I think that division the end of the fiscal year 1927, when total receipts practically offset 4 gets too heavy a load at the present time in view of all the finance total expenditures. cases that it has· to handle. 3. That receipts now in course of collection as following the fiscal So that I think we can handle more work at the neck of the bottle year 1928 will total $438,700, or two and one-third times last year's by a little better distribution of the load than we have at the present expenditures, direct or indirect. time, even more work than we have now got. But only through over 4. That estimated collections following the present fiscal year (1929) time work can that be done, and I think this authority that we are will be $483,126, or two and one-half times the present year's expendi seeking here would not only tend to prevent congestion, but it would tures, direct or indirect. ease the situation considerably. 5. For the fiscal year 1930, estimates for which are now being con Mr. VINSON. But, Mr. Commissioner, if the commission is now over sidered, expenditures, direct and indirect, are estimated at $265,000. burdened in its work the addition of these associate examiners, 25 in Practically twice that amount, $525,000, will be collected from licensees number, would certainly pile up your work tremendously. immediately after the end of the year. Mr. EAsTMAN. It will, and we have got to face that. HOUSING CORPORATION In this item, $20,000 is made immediately available for the The appropriation carried in this bill is $243,450, together purpose of starting off the additional associate examiners in with the unexpended balance of $144,000, making a total of their work. Thi was done at the instance of Commissioner $387,450. The appropriation for the fiscal year 1929, $475,750, Lewis, now chairman of the commission. with the reserve of $53,250 set up. It is stated that before the VALUATION OF CARRIERS end of the present fiscal year all the field offices involving any administration expenditures will w closed with the exception of . A very unusual thing occurred pertaining to the manner in Bremerton, Wash., Vallejo, Calif., and Erie and Philadelphia, which the estimates were submitted by the commission and ap Pa. There is a reduction of nine employees. proved by the Budget. It was while the item of salary for There are 1,880 mortgages, totaling $3,508,796.51, outstanding employees of the field ervice was under discussion that I called as of October 1, 1928, together with 250 parcels of real estate attention to Commissioner Lewis that while there were 197 with the appraised valuation of $115,409.39. employees appropriated for in the present fiscal year, and 199 The Government hotels showed an excess of receipts over for the next fiscal year, there appeared to be 78 new positions disbursements for 1928, $21,481.45; and up to June 30, 1928, had created with a deletion of 76 positions, with an increased appro covered into the Treasury of the United States $292,149.26 in priation of almost $100,000. Mr. Lewis immediately indicated excess of all appropriation disbursements incident to their opera to the committee that be knew that these estimates submitted tion. This does not take into consideration interest and to our committee by the Budget were erroneous and asked that ~ amortization charges. he might be given an opportunity to look into the matter when he could then explain this condition. We insert herein the INTERSTATE COMMERCE COMMISSION estimates for the present fi cal year and for the next fiscal This bill carries the sum of $7.496,289, together with reappro year, as they came to us from the Budget; and the revised priation of unexpended balances of $665,000, making a total of estimates submitted by Mr. Lewis: $8,161,289 actually available, an increase of $507,844 over the appropriation for the current fiscal year. Estimated ex Estimated ex penditures, 1930 penditures, 1929 Expended and There is only one item in which the committee has not met obligated, 1928 the Budget estimate, and that is in the general expense item. appropriation appropriation The Budget estimated for 25 additional associate examiners, and we recommend the appropriation for 13 at an average of Average Average Average $3,378 per annum, together with travel expense for that number. There is no doubt but that there is a congestion of the docket Field service: of formal cases. A normal docket of such cases is between 1,800 Salaries and wages and 2,000. At present there are some 2,800 cases on the docket, Salary range, $4,600 to but the decision of the cases has sped up considerably. This $5,200; aver age, $4,900- No. Salarv No. Salarv No. Salary year the commission decided 1,900 cases-375 more than they Accountant______6 $4,900 did the year previous. In 1922, the commission decided 1,013 Engineer______5 4,900 1 $5, ()()() $4,400 Land appraiser_.____ 20 4,900 3 5,000 4,800 ca es, so there has been an increase of almost 100 per cent since Salary range, $3,800 to this latter date. The commission bad 68 examiners in 1923; $4,400; average, now they have 117. Thls increase is about 85 per cent. $4,1()()- It Senior engineer ______------2 was stated wfore the committee that the commission was Senior land appraiser.------21 working overtime and could not stand up under the present Salary range, $3,200 to strain. Commissioner Eastman feared that the increased work $3,700; average, of taking testimony in the field by the 25 additional examiners $3,450- Accountant______16 3,450 9 3,467 8.4 3,236 sought might bring about a most serious congestion in the Engineer______13 3,450 10 .,330 10. 1 3, 201 "neck of the bottle," in the commission itself. Land appraiser______15 3,450 12 3,283 11.2 3,148 Salary range, $2,900 to It was suggested that they were going to make an effort to $3,400; average, . secure legislation which would give them authority to delegate $3,15o- certain powers theretofore nondelegable ; and it was suggested Associate accountant_ 7 3, 150 10 3,090 8. 7 2,946 Associate engineer ______------4 2,950 8.5 2, 753 that there might be a redistribution of the work in the com Associate land ap- mission. Your committee is anxious for the prompt disposi praiser_------______------______------1.3 2,800 tion of the formal cases, but if there is to be a delay in trials, Salary range, $2,600 to $3,100; average, there is no difference where the delay is occasioned. It may $2,850- as well be "in the field" as "in the commission." It was the Assistant accountant_ 36 2,850 34 2,615 25.6 2,408 Assistant engineer____ 30 2,850 38 2,639 15.5 2,428 thought of the committee that with the addition of 13 men, at Assistant land ap- this time, the congestion might be relieved. praiser_------25 2,850 11 2,600 8.1 2,439 1868 CONGRESS! ON AL RECORD-HOUSE JANUARY 17 Whereas there were six accountants at a salary of $4,900 Estimated ex Estimated ex Expended and added under the Budget estimate, there is not a single account penditures, 1930 penditures, 1929 appropriation appropriation obligated, 1928 ant drawing such salary in the revised estimate, and only one with a salary of $3,600. Whereas at present and under the revised estimate they will Average Average Average need 21 rodmen, under the estimate submitt ed by the Budget the rodmen were dispensed with. I mention these two instances Field service-Continued. as illustrative of the differences involved. Unde1· the revised Salaries and wages-Con. estimate 36 additional employees may be hired within the same Salary range-, $2,300 to $2,800; aver age, limits of cost as recommended by the Budget. $2,550- It is very apparent to me what was done. No need to criti Principal accounting cize the Budget for the creation of the estimate, as it was ini and auditing assist· No. Salary No. Salary No. &ilary ant.______18 $2,550 tiated in the commission, but it is rather strange that such Salary range, $2,000 to difference in the salary increases and the nature of the ervices $2,500; a v e r a g e , to be rendered would escape the Budget officers. It is fair to $2,25o-- Senior accounting as- state that immediately upon being shown these estimates, Mr. sistant._-·------______------16 $2,305 14.8 $2, 107 Le\vis was convinced that something was wrong and, after lle Senior engineering as- had opportunity to look into it, be submitted this statement sistant __ ------· ------3 2,000 2.6 1,860 Senior land appraisu.l . which contained the revised estimate. assistant ______7 2,250 3 2,000 2.6 1,008 Salary range, $1,800 to Mr. LEWIS. That statement of estimated expenditures, 1930 fi eld $2,100; average ; forces, is wrong. I here offer the correction. I must say that one of $1,950- the most difficult undertakings I have in this valuation work is to Cierk. . ------ 1,950 1, 800 1, 740 Salary range, $1,440 to estimate more than a year in advance the number of staff and salary $1,740; aver age, requirements, particularly when, as in this work, there are constant $1,590-- changes in the character of the work taking place which have an effect Clerk. . ------0.1 1,500 Salary range, $1,200 to on personnel and its distribution in and out of hea Net square Rental per square feet Total rental foot Savings affected Purpose Buildings for which building Per is used Before After Before After Before After Total square rental root .. rental Barr ___ ------______:______Office. ______19,270 ------$28,500. ()() $1.48 ------Investment '------...do______19, 238 43,950 $35,762.35 70,()().1.87 ----$1~86" 1. 59 $11,866.50 $0.'Zl Earle _____ ------.. -.--.--.---.---______..do______36, 055 37,229 68,964.70 65,341.50 1. 91 1. 75 5, 956.64 .16 National Press·------...do._____ 97,639 97,639 167,750.00 167,750.00 1. 72 1. 72 ------Lemon...------._---- __ ------____ ---______do.______20, 992 20,992 ------8, 400.00 .32 ------Otis ___ ------___ ------_____ --- ______do______10, 500 10,500 17,500. ()() 16,000.00 1. 67 1. 52 1,500.00 .15 Civil Service ______------...do______39, 486 39,486 24,592.00 24,592.00 .63 .63 ------1 Office of Public Buildings and Public Parks pays $1.50 per :square foot for 22,601 square feet. Mix.ed Claims Commissions and General and Special Claims Commission pay $1.75 per square foot for 21,349 square feet. The average of these two is $1.59 per square foot. 1870 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE JANUARY 17 Statement of r-entals before and after Julut, 19.98--- Net square feet Total rental Rental per square foot Savings affected Purpose for which Buildings building Per is used Before After Before Total square After Before After rental foot rental Commerce_------Office_---- 149,629 149,629 $65,500.00 $65,500.00 $0.43 $0.43 ------Denrike ______---______-----______------__ do ______9,405 9,405 17,869.50 17,869.50 1.90 1. 90 ------70,048 70,048 75,000.00 75,000. ()() 1.07 1.07 ------fnf~~ti!r6~~ffi&"C8coiilillissio11_-~~~==::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: ===~~======162,621 162,621 139,000.00 139,000.00 .86 . 86 ------Justice ______---____ ------_------_do_____ -- 94,050 94,050 100,000.00 100,000.00 1.06 1.06 ------Labor ______--- ____ ------______--- __ --_--_---_-- --_do ______- 72,938 72,938 68,000.00 68,000.00 .93 .93 ------9,242 9, 242 10,000.00 10.000.00 1.08 1.08 ------~;~~~~i~;e~u~~~-s~~== ::::::::::::::::::::::::::: =::::.:::: ::::: :::~~=:::::: 39,427 39,427 11,500.00 11,500.00 . 29 .29 ------Walker-Johnson______------______------·---- ___ do ____ -- 80,456 80,456 40,000.00 40,000.00 .50 .50 ------Winder Building .Annex______------______----__ ------__ do ______10,240 10,240 2, 500.00 2, 500.00 .24 .24 ------Department of .Agriculture buildings: ..... ______220 Linworth Place ______------___ do ______- 12, 865 12,865 4, 800.00 4, 800.00 .37 . 37 ------215 Thirteenth Street SW ------___ do.______14,300 14,300 4, 000.00 4,000. 00 .28 .28 ------221 Linworth Place------___ do______19,756 19, 756 5, 400.00 5, 400.00 . 27 .27 ------513-515 Fourteenth Street NW ------___ do ______- _ 28,482 28,482 14,000.00 14,000.00 .49 .49 ------38,337 35,000.00 35,000.00 . 91 • 91 ------~~~n~~~~:, ~::i~ universitY.::::~::::::::::=:::::::::::: ===~~==~==== :: :S~ 39,654 10,000.00 10,000.00 • 25 .25 ------Chemistry, 216 Thirteenth Street SW ------___ do______47,889 47,889 16,000.00 16,000.00 . 33 .33 ------____ .. ______------220 Fourteenth Street SW ------·------___ do______45,599 45,599 24,000.00 24,000.00 . 53 .53 ------1358 B Street S W ____ ------___ do______75, 373 75,373" 55,000. ()() 55,000. ()() .73 .73 ------·- 1,230 600.00 600.00 .-49 . .49 ------~~lJt8:!ef:J~~~~~~~~::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: ===~~:::::: ~: i'~ 2,200 1,000. 80 1, 000.80 .46 .46 ------1,294 360.00 360.00 .28 217 Twelfth Street SW (rear>------~------___ do______1, 294 .28 ------__ ... ______------210 Eleventh Street SW------·-·------___ do______2,490 2,490 900. ()() 900.00 .36 .36 ------...... 220 Thirteenth Street SW ------___ do______8, 215 8,215 4, 000.00 4, 000.00 . 49 .49 ------1350 B Street SW------·------___ do______5, 482 5,482 1,580. 00 1, 580.00 .29 .29 ------1363 C Street SW ___ ------___ do______8, 685 8,685 9,000.00 9, 000.00 1.04 I. 04 ------212--214 Thirteenth Street SW ------___ do______8, 748 8, 748 960.00 960.00 .11 .11 ------1316 B Street SW ______------~-~------___ do __ ---- 9, 036 9,036 3, 000.00 3,000.00 . 33 . 33 ------·------1304-1306 B Street SW------___ do______10,329 10,329 3, 000.00 3, 000.00 .29 .29 ------200--202 Fourteenth Street SW------___ do______11,955 11,955 3, 750.00 3, 750.00 . 31 . 31 ------3, 368 1, 080.00 1, 080.00 .32 . 32 ------92,307 20,000.00 20,000.00 .22 .22 ------29,501 12,000.00 12,000.00 .44 .44 ------·------~~fl?a:~~;;:::;~~=~;;;~=~======::::::::::::::::====Merchants Transfer & Storage Building______~~~i~~~~=~== do______30,937~ ~~ 30,937 12,500.00 12,500.00 .40 .40 ------8,250 3, 600.00 3, 600.00 .44 .44 ------35, ()()() 13,000.00 13,000. ()() . 37 . 37 ------29, 101 9, 000.00 9, 000.00 . 30 . 30 ------1810 E Street NW ------__ :.do______3, 600 3,600 1,800.00 1, 800.00 .50 .50 ------fl~i!~~i~= ~~~~i~======·=== ~~~:~~==== ~: ~ 14, 127 4, 500.00 4, 500.00 .32 .32 ------20,494 5, 400.00 5, 400.00 . 25 .25 ~~~f:~~~~:s~r~ef~;~-~~:::::~::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: -s~~ie::::: M: !~ ------______.,. ___ ------631 480.00 480.00 . 76 . 76 ------i~~~~~-~~~t-~~======~======~======-~~:-=~== = ------~~~- 5, 160 ------7, 740.00 1.50 ------·------ There is no doubt in my mind but that the continued activity In order to preserve the record .it will be my purpose to of this agency, looking toward the reduction in rents in the describe what has been done, and some things not done, by tbe District, can saYe many thousands of dollars annually. Snipping Board, to effectuate the purpose of Congres in this SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTE regard. The last session of Congres when this bill was being consid Appropriation for this item is $1,046,183, an increase of ered by the House, an amendment was adopted from the floor, $102,021 compared with the cm·rent appropriation. The hear adding $1,000,000 to the bill, to recondition and operate Ship ing upon this item was most interesting. A Very interesting ping Board vessels in the coal trade. dissertation upon the astrophysical studies, including radiation For no good reason shown, the Shipping Board did not au of the sun and stars, was delivered. Then we traveled through thorize the Fleet Corporation to have any vessels in readiness the National Museum in a most interesting hearing. Doctor to enter upon .this service until October 9, 1928, when three Sterling told us about his exploration of New Guinea and his vessels were ordered for Mediterranean trade, and on November sojourn among the most primitive type of human. By the time 23 three additional boats were authorized to be reconditioned.. ·Doctor Wetmore, Doctor Abbott, and Doctor Sterling con The fact is, that the :first boat reconditioned, the Naamhoolc, cluded their testimony, it was simply a question of what they was sold prior to its being loaded. It was sold November 8, wanted. The institution is one of which we can wen be·. proud. 1928; it was completed on November 10, 1928; and was deliv TARIFF COMMISSION ered to the purchaser on November 14. So there was not a boat The amount of $778,000 is carried in this bill, an increase of loaded under the provisions of the act until December, and at $34.,000 over the current appropriation. this time only two vessels have left American ports with coal, Unless the work of this commission is of real benefit to the and none returned. There has not been a single round trip Committee on Ways and Means in drafting a new tariff bill, made. under the present set-up, it is not worth the money. Yet some astonishing statements are contained in the hearings upon the question of co ts, and losses that will be entailed in UNITED STATES GEOGRAPHIC BOARD the transportation of coaL At one point it is intimated that Members of this board are appointed from the various depart there will be a loss of $6 per ton, but when this tatement is ments and serve without additional pay. Total appropriation scrutinized it must be admitted it is inclusive of the co ts of for this item is $9,200. It is an interdepartmental body created reconditioning the vessels, which has never been so computed in by Exeeutive order for the purpose of bringing about uniformity arriving at the loss sustained in the handling of other cargo. in usage of geographical designations am·:mg the various depart It would be ridiculous to charge the costs of reconditioning ments of the Governmt-nt. these vessels to coal receipts of one year. As slow as they have SHIPPI~G BOARD been, it is perfectly reasonable that some of these ves els may only have the opportunity of making one voyage. But costs of The total of this appropriation is $1.1,494.,000. It is $2,194,- putting vessels in shape to carry cargo has not been charged 750 less than the amount. carried for the present fiscal year. against a single ton of any other commodity. COAL BOATS It is stated in the hearings that they hoped to make 14 In this bill there is carried for the fiscal year of 1930, $1,500,- voyages carrying 97,000 tons of eoal, and it is allocating the 000, together with the reappropriation of the moneys unex complete cost of reconditioning these boats to this tonnage that pended for this item, at the end of the. current fiscal year, which causes such a statement to be made. I presume that the has been suggested by the Shipping Board ·to be $400,000: These mathematical· computation in division may be correct, but the sums are to be used for a continuation of reconditioning and pl'emises are wrong, not only wrong in fairness and common operating of vessels engaged in transporting American coal to sense, but wrong so far as the practice in the Shipping Board foreign markets. · itself is concerned. 1929 ~CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE .1871 As a matter ·of fact, · representatives of the Shfpping Board Voyage calculation on full 001rgo of coal, Norfolk to Rio, ana t•et1lrn- tn indicate that there will probably be a loss per ton of $2.25. ltal!ast They make such statement in the hearings. They do not at Vessel, Naamlwk; type, Wacosta; dead-weight tonnage, merchants, tempt to show in the bearings how this loss would be reached. oil-turbine-water- tube, 8, 727. -- I was ill at the time of the hearings, with influenza, and had Draft, loaded, 25 feet 2 inches; miles, 9,600; number of crew, 37; no opportunity to ·cross-examine the witnesses when they ap turn around, port, 19; turn around, sea, 38; turn around, total, 57. peared before the committee: I felt that -this estimate of loss Dispatch Norfolk-1,500 tons, daily; dispatch Rio-750 tons, uaily. was inaccurate, and immediately upon my recovery I called for Vessel expense-: and secured a detailed statement of the cost of each voyage FUelWages------______------______$6,642.21 that these six boats will make, which statement came to me 8, 179.50 Stores and water ______2, 280.00 ~, . from the Shipping Board. I hold these itemized statements Subsistence ------ 1,265.40 of cost in my hand, and with your permission will make them Administration~------2, 536. 50 a part of the record. . 1,976.19 tr:~~:i~c_~~~~~~~------~---:~~----'--:_--:_-_-_-_-_-=_-_-_-=_-_-=_-=_--_-:_-=_-=.-=.-=. 2,976. 00 Voyage C(I-lc"laHon on full cargo of coaZ, Baltimore, to Genoa, and return Cargo expense : · Norfolk_:__ in b together, we contemplated introducing a joint measure. Fear ho~es with light, water, and sewerage and everything con ing that the bill might not be gotten through this short session, ducive for the comfort and the health of the operatives· and he being an influential member of the majority party, and as I consequently they do not like to quit that and hunt othe~· em was going out in March and knowing that he was to remain in ployment. They have had a hard time. They are industrious CongTess I wrote to Mr. THATCHER as follows: and an exceedingly high-class lot of folks. Many people talk Like yourself, I was very much disappointed when we discovered the of cotton-mill operatives, but there is not a more loyal or more rule pr(}hibiting you and me jointly introducing the Lincoln memorial patriotic set of people in the Piedmont section of the Carolinas bill. As you are aware, I have done a great deal of work in connec than the people who actually handle the machines in the mills. tion with the matter. My interest is the accomplishment of that which Now, I have noticed .and read with a great deal of intere t is desired. I appreciate your offer to let me introduce the bill in my that our friends in New England are also having a great deal name; but I feel that you can come nearer getting it through, under of trouble. existing conditions, than I can, and I gladly yield you the privilege for I~ seems they held a discussion a very short time ago in this reason. I trust that the matter may be started at once. which they proposed a goOd many things but !'leem not to have I will appear before the committee, as suggested by you, and will reached a positive agreement on anythi~g except on the high continue to render any and every assistance possible that I can, just class goods that they make they wanted a higher tariff. Here the same as if I bad introduced the bill. Any time that I can be of is one thing, ~owever, they seem to have agreed upon; it is service, outside of what we have discussed, command me. taken hold of m a resolution which has been introduced in this Following .this Governor THATCHER introduced H. R. 15657, Congress by the distinguished gentleman from Massachusetts a bill to provide for the improvement and preservation of the [Mr. DALLINGER] to amend the Constitution of the United States land and buildings of "Abraham Lincoln National J;'ark or Res to the following effect : ervation," among other things providing: That the Congress shall have power to adopt uniform hours and There is authorized to be appropriated the sum of $100,000, or so conditions of labor throughout the United States. much thereof as may be necessary, to carry out the provisions of this act. That proposition is now before this Congress, and I take it A similar bill, S. 5228, was later introduced in the Senate by it will be until some action is taken on -it. Now, if you will Senator SACKETT. consider for a minute the conditions out of which all of this The War Department submitted a report and estimate of has grown you will sea that our friends in New England for a $80,000 to General Lord, Director of the Bureau of the Budget, long time made their industry prosperous by levying a tariff on December 21, 1928. My idea is that the execution of the on imports so that it gave them a control of the American plans and recommendations for these necessary improvements is market and enabled the manufacturer to charge a profitable fully authorized under the present law, but we will push the price, and frequently we down South, who bought a lot of stuff bill anyway. Due to the. amount involved and the uncertainty in those days, paid exorbitant prices for their goods. That of the situation the bill was introduced. A hearing was had on promoted prosperity in the industry as long as it worked. The January 9, 1929, before a Military Affairs subcommittee, Gov people down South, after working to the advantage of the ernor THATCHER, Col. W. R. Gibson, and myself testifying. manufacturer, concluded we would quit paying New England, · The whole committee heard us to-day and approved a favorable and so we established manufacturing down there. In other subcommittee report. I am making this speech to present the words, our folks took Massachusetts' dog and made him bite existing situation to all interested in my district, here, and over the " Bay State," and that is what he is biting now, and so we the Nation. are having this proposition to interfere with labor. They want CONCLUSION conditions: in the mills in the South changed. To my mind, forgetting the thousands of other wise and noble Now, the proposition is to make a higher labor cost againS'>: things said and done by Abraham Lincoln, the following single goods that are made at least expense and therefore more profi- . statement of his proves his worthiness of all that has been ably in the South than in the New England part of th~ s said and done by the whole world to honor his memory, viz: country. They can not impose a tariff against one section of the country in favor of another. But they want now to increase I want the people of the South to come back to the old borne, to sit the cost of our products by endeavoring to increase the cost down at the old fireside, to sleep under the old roof, and to labor and of our labor, and, incidentally, to deny to a man who works in rest and worship under the same flag. For four years I have seen the the mills in South Carolina the right to work the number of flag of our Nation riddled with bullets and torn with shell and trailed hours they have been accustomed and against which they have in the dust before the eyes of all the nations, and now I am hoping never made complaint; but it is the purpose to cut down the that it will please God to let me live until I shall see tbat same flag number of hours they may work, deny them that privilege in unsullied and untorn waving over the greatest and most powerful order, forsooth, that the gentlemen up here who have let the Nation on the earth-over a nation of freemen-over no mastt>r and State legislatures get away with them and put on a 48-hour over no slave. schedule in the manufacture of cotton goods can compete with Coupling the contractual obligations of the United States to us. I submit that they can not take away from us that which suitably maintain this shrine with the merit and sentiment that we have developed as the result of legislation fostered by them the proposal should command without it, I can not see why this to our disadvantage. bill should not be passed with the same unanimity that char 1\Ir. 1\IURPHY. Mr. Chairman, will the gentleman yield ? acterized the action of Congress w-hen it accepted the gift. Mr. STEVENSON. Certainly. The Kentucky delegation is very much interested in the matter Mr. MURPHY. How many hours a week do your mill people an.d approved a resolution offered by me m•ging the prompt work? passage of the bill. Anyway, I will be grateful for the bill's 1\Ir. STEVENSON. About 55 hours a week. They can work consideration and support by my colleagues, to each of whom 60 hours, but as a rule they work 10 hours a day for 5 days I am sending a copy hereof, as well as to the Senators. and 5 hours on Saturday. That is the rule now. There are [Applause.] only two States that have a 48-hour law. Those are.Massachu l\fr. CULLEN. Mr. Chairman, I yield 15 minutes to the setts and New York. gentleman from South Carolina [l\lr. STEVENSON]. Mr. HUDSON. 1\lr. Chairman, will the gentleman yield? COTTO~ TEXTILE INDUSTRY 1\lr. STEVENSON. Yes. Mr. STEVENSON. Mr. Chairman, ladies, and gentlemen of 1\Ir. HUDSON. Does the gentleman find that in the States the committee, I want to talk ju. t a little while upon the sub where 48 hours are fixed there are worse conditions in the ject of the cotton textile industry and some of its troubles at homes and worse economic standards of life for the employees? the present date; also some of the troubles propo~d to be Mr. STEVENSON. I have not investigated the 48-hour injected into it. I represent a district, probably the second in States, but I can tell the gentleman that in the Carolinas we South Carolina in number of spindles, millions of dollars in· have the best conditions affecting labor of any States I know vested in the cotton-manufacturing business, thousands of peo~ of anywhere. Of course, my distinguished friends from Mas ple making their living operating those mills, and other thou· sachusetts should not now undertake to invade South Carolina sands of farmers who rely on the market which these mill with that kind of a proposition. It is all right for them to populations furnish to enable them to so div(>rsify their agri get after North Carolina, because that State went back on culture that they may solve the problem which Congress has Massachusetts in the last election, but the State of South in a very futile way endeavored to solve for a great many :rears Carolina stood nobly by Massachusetts and voted for Al Smith, for the farmers. and I think it is unreasonable for Massachusetts to come down But for the last year or two there has been a great depres to South Carolina and try to interfere with our affairs in order sion in that business. The mills all last summer were running to get after North Carolina. [Laughter.] short time. Many operatives stayed there because they had i\lr. WASON. Mr. Chairman, will the gentleman yield 1 . good homes. Mills in that country have provided the best of Mr. STEVENSON. Certainly. 1929 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-·· HOUSE 1879 Mr. WASON. Does South Carolina feel lonesome· at this for purposes of taxation. We made that the law, and· what moment? [Laughter.] happened? · Mr. STEVENSON. Oh, she thinks she is in good company The -CHAIRMAN: -The time of the gentleman from South when she has Massachusetts with her, and we are standing Carolina has expired. nobly by her. Mr. CULLEN. Mr. Chairman, I yield the gentleman :five There were two things advocated principally at this meeting additional minutes. in New Bedford, Mass. One was the 48-hour law. Only two 1\Ir. STEVENSON. The gentlemen up in Massachusetts who States have a 48-hour law and 46 States have other laws. -Now, owned those stocks immediately got out from under ; because the 48-hour States want to undertake to say to the other States the stock was the creature of South Carolina and the property that Congress shall either enact a 48-hour law applying to located in South Carolina the stock was taxable as real estate. the other States or else enable them otherwise to compete with Therefore we went along and taxed the property and left the other States having · the 48-hour law or raise their hours to stock off, because it was taxes on the property it represented. 54 a week. Our· States regulate the hom·s of labor within our We have never taxed that, and that is one of the ways we - own borders, and we do not need congressional help in the solved some of their troubles. matter. · Now you want to go ahead and legislate on the question of Mr. BOWLES. Mr. Chairman, will tbe gentleman yield the hours of labor. I say it comes with poor grace for the gentle there? men from Massachusetts to undertake to do that when they Mr. STEVENSON. Yes. have bad that protection for all this time; when we have Mr. BOWLES. The 48-hour law applies only to women and grown up in the industry right along with them and have now children. reached a point wpere we can compete with them. · I say it is Mr. STEVENSON. I did not get that information from this poor grace for them to come along now and attempt to increa~e splendid symposium of the conditions that were brought out the cost of our production by another method of Federal at this Ma~achusetts meeting. I have a copy of it, and I filed legislation. it, and I find a great deal of useful information in it. But noth I want to direct the attention of this House to the fact that ing was sa~d in it about the Massachusetts 48:-hour law applying we are to have tariff legislation next year, and it was stated only to women and children. My State has a pretty rigid law by the chairman of that great meeting that they hoped to in~ about women working in mills more than a certain number of sert into that tariff bill a provision which will protect only hours, and another law prohibiting· the work of children under those that are limited to ·a. .48-bour week ; that they are only 14 years in factories at all. going to protect the products of those factories where lapor They had one Mr. Binn before them, speaking as to the con is limited to 48 hours a week. I do not think they wilf get away dition of labor in refer~nce to the tariff. Mr. Binn said it had with that. The gentleman who introduced this constitutional been dinned into his ears--and he is a leader of that element in amendment decided that was the only way it could be done, but Massachusetts-that the tariff was passed for the benefit of the I will say to that gentleman that I do not think he will get American laborer; that was what it was for. The tariff was anywhere with this amendment, but it is just as well to call designed, we are told, chiefly to protect the workers; and that attention to the fact that the war has been started and that being the case, it ought at least to give American workers con the gentlemen up there are persistent, insistent, and ingenious. ditions equal to those in competing foreign countries. That is Nobody has ever accused any Massachusetts delegation of not what the present act was deSigned for, he contends. We were having sens·e enough to know what they wanted and to keep told here when we were passing the Fordney-McCumber Act on after it until they got it if they could. That is what they that it was in the interest of labor. Mr. Binn, I tmderstand, are starting to do; that is their proposition, and we need to was for it, and he was down here lobbying for it. He says the consider this mighty carefully before we allow that door to be tariff does not give them better conditions than those under opened. which the pauper labor 9-f Europe is living. It was stated by the But I find there is some doubt about whether or not Massa committee that that was what it was for. chusetts would be in favor of this. As you know, some years Mr. Binn says some other things. He speaks of " the be ago we pasSed the child-labor amendment, which was to be nighted States in the Smith," and refers to the fact that in some inserted in the Constitution fo;r the purp_ose of enabling this of the other New England States the employees run sometiines Congress to deal with the child-labor conditions in every cor from 54 hours to 60 hours a week. He says these mills are a ner of this great country. I think three States have ratified greater menace to the American standard of living than any it, but up in Massachusetts, where they want to regulate all competition from foreign countries where pauper labor is em these things, they submitted it to a referendum of the people ployed-. That is the statement we get fi·om the standpoint of the and it was defeated by a 200,000 majority, and New Bedford, labor of Massachusetts. the very. place where this agitation is COIJ!ing from, went They say this competition, if continued indefinitely, can end overwhelmingly against it in the referendum. So I apprehend only in disaster to any industry. They say that American goods we will have some trouble before we get that in the Con are produced under worse conditions than those prevailing in stitution ; but the fight is on, it is well recognized, and, as I any other country. I understood we did not want our labor to said a whil.e ago, I think it comes with very poor grace for sink to the level of the pauper nations of Europe. This man Massachusetts to now attempt to interfere with South Carolina, says we are producing goods now under worse conditions than when South Carolina stands right with her nationally. Sh~ those prevailing in Europe. · · wants to do this just because she wants to get back at North I am concerned about labor conditions just as much as the Carolina, which has gone back on her and gone Republican. gentleman from Massachusetts is, because it is a live question Mr. LINT:aiCUM. ])o all of you Republican States stand in my country, and ·it is the salvation of that agricultural together? country down there that its industTies be diversified with these Mr. STEVENSON. I do not know. I want to see what North textile manufactures which have been la~o-uishing for a year Carolina, Texas, Florida, and Virginia have to say about that very seriously. But that does not drive me to the point of as well as the gentleman's State, .Maryland. agreeing to this increase of ta1iff as proposed. Why? Because Mr. MURPHY. Will the gentleman yield? it is brought out here that the :finest grades of goods are Mr. STEVENSON.. Yes. . principally concerned. Mr. MURPHY. The gentleman might be interested in know One of the several questions debated here is the question of ing that one of the committees of "congress will have a hearing taxation of the textile manufacturing establishments. That is to-morrow at which repre~entatives of the employees of the a serious question. It is one, however, in which we have an Government Printing Office will ask for a. 44-hour week instead advantage over the people of New England, and that is one of of a 48-hour week. · the things that bas enabled our manufacturers to succeed in Mr. STEVENSON.· I happen to be a inember of the com addition to the superior amount of output that one operative mittee before which that bearing is to be held. There is no will get out as compared with the amount that one operative law against anybody coming up and· asking for anything they will get out in New England. That is one of the things that want, but I am from Missouri when it comes to giving it to give us an advantage. Some of the handicaps we encountered them if it is. not the right thing to .do ; but the ·Government we bad to cure by legislation. Printing Office · is not a competitive ·business and not in a class Prior to 1900 the cotton-mill stocks were largely held in New with mamifacturing plants selliiig their "products to tJ_le public. England, even in the factories of my State. What were they The CHAIRMAN. The time of the gentleman from South paying? We were taxing the property of the cotton mills, Carolina has again expired. while in New England they were taxing the stock held by gen Mr. WASON. · ?¥Ir.' Chairman, I yield 15 minutes to the gen tlemen up there, and they were not_ doing that in any oth~r tleman f!pm M~cliigan Ufr. HUDSON] . . · . place. Well, we worked out a plan-7-aild I was one of the co authors of it-in which we declared by statute iliat·an sto.cksfu :FABM RELIEF • cotton mills located in South Carolina under corporations or Mr. HUDSON. Mr. Chairman and gentlemen of the com ganized in South Carolina, should be: considered real estate mittee, I asked the chairman Qf the committee who now bas r 1880 ·coNGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE JANUARY 17 charge of the bill before us for ·time to bring before you some powers and all his power to secure from Congress and from observations on farm relief that have been made by the former voluntary organizations the enactment of his program and the president of our Michigan State College, Dr. Kenyon L. Butter backing-of his farm constituency. field, who is to sail in February under the Carnegie Corpora · And Mr. Hoover has a program. He bas set fo1·tb a very tion, for survey work "in the rural B1itish colonies of Africa ; definite and comprehensive program of farm progress. To say and in bringing before you some of these observations in this this is not to as ume that Mr. Hoover's announced program is paper which he has presented I shall ask permission, as a revi sufficient for all agricultural ills nor even a certain cure for the sion of ruy remarks, to extend the manuscript in full in the particular difficulties it seeks to meet. Many will disagree with RECORD. hin1 as to its adequacy; but it is a specific, reasoned program, an The report of thE> Business Men's Commission on Agriculture, engineer's blue print for a project of economic rehabilitation of made in 1927, said that the agricultural question " constitutes a great indu try still in a period of stress and train. a challenge to modern tatesmanship." 1\fr. LINTHICUM. Is the gentleman going to outline what Now that the tumult and the shouting of the political campaign that program is? are over and the captain·, if not the kings, of the fray have Mr. HUDSON. If the gentleman will just give me time. ieft the stage; public opinion should, if pos ·ible, be keyed to Moreovm·, Mr. Hoover has a mandate to "make good " his those fundamental issues that led the commission to use the proposals. We ma;y think whatsoever we choose about the word " cha;lenge" and " statesmanship" ; and to the construc extent to W'hich the so-called " drys " and relicious " bigots " tive task of mapping and applying the basic remedy suggested made themselves felt in the election over great areas of our by the commi siGn : " The adoption of a comprehensive agri country, but it is plain beyond controversy that the farmer of culfurul policy." America have evidenced by the majorities for Mr. Hoover in The ta k is both supremely important and immensely difficult. great agricultural States and the rural vote in great indu trial We are yet in the dawn o.f a just coosideration of this com States their willingness to let Mr. Hoover develop his program. plicated rural question. There ~s available no unity of even It is more than possible that the attitude of hosts of farmers current thinking on the subject as a great whole. History on the farm aspect of 1\Ir. Hoover's pooition taken during the gives u · meager aid. The practical jobs of making a policy campaign constitutes quite as much a vote of challenge to him and of making it work are nothing le s thB;n stupendous. It is as a vote of confidence in him. The resnlt of the elections probable indeed that a policy can -not be "made" in the sense becomes not merely an indorsement of Mr. Hoover's progt·am of formulating a plan that will at once satisfy the full need but eyen more a significant, compelling call to him and to all the of American agriculture and country life, secure the approval political leaders to clear the way for a trial of Mr. Hoover's of the major elements of our population, and serve as a guide to pre cription for maladjustments ~n our rural economy. legislation and the action of \oluntary associations. A realistic Now as to 1\ir. Ho<>Yer's program, about which my c<>lleague policy will have to grow out of much discussion and expe-rience fr<>m Maryland bas asked : a well as out of scientific research and constructive planning. Mr. Hoover's pmgram is set forth both in its main pdnciples The e difficulties should by no means deter us from seeking and and in some of its details in his St. Louis peecb of November adopting a comprehensive policy. 2, 1928. He proposes to- I have felt that in this hort session of COngress we would not First. Secme cheaper transportation of goods t<> market. have time t<> consider in its important details the policy of farm Second. Provide a tariff sufficient to reserve to the American relief that must be the essential policy, and so I have stood as farmer the American market. one of those who has advocated the calling of a special seS'Sion Third. Maintain the purchasing power of consnmers. in order that this question might find adequate and immediate Fourth. Eliminate wastes in distributi<>n. solution. Fifth. Stabilize farm prices. But the agricultural situation will not admit of delaying Sixth. Study each farm commodity as a problem and plan action until a complete permanent policy is worked out. In aid to meet its particular difficulties. a ·ense it is unfair to the farmers to use the word "relief" in He expects to attain these objectives by thr e laws or groups discussing the needs of American farming; our farmers are not of laws: begging a gift from the rest of their fellow citizens. Their ex First. He would complete as soon as practicable a sy tern of periences for the past eight years, however, have impressed upon inland waterways some 12,000 miles in length, which would tht>m the almost desperate need of finding a way out from under traverse the Mississippi Valley north and south, east and west, an acutely real burden. " Farm relief " bas therefore come to as well as give the upper valley and the Northwest ship-canal stand even among farm leaders for measures that should be access to the Atlantic. He believes that this great system would taken as speedily as possible for the purpose of bringing agri sub5tantially reduce freight rates <>n farm products, as well us culture nearer "to an economic equality with other industries." encourage the building of new industries in the valley and thus It is to be hoped that all measures that may be passed will be aid in absorbing locally a large farm production in that region. in harmony with the principles that should underlie that c<>m Second. He would place marked increa es of tariff upon prehensive rural policy which all agree is imperative. But those imports of soil-grown products which we can grow in early action there must be. America, and which now come in, he says, to the extent of some That there will be early action is assured. It is idle to ~800,000,000 a year. Thus the farmer would diversify hi pro speculate as to the program of farm relief which would have duction, secure for himself the American market, and relieve issued from the group which Governor Smith promised to as existing exportable surpluses. The tariff on manufactured prod semble, if be were elected, to consider the farm problem, or as ucts, Mr. Hoover contends, makes it possible for our industries to the effect upon that program of his adherence to the prin to pay such wages as provide a standard of living for workers ciples of the McNary-Haugen bill. It is equally futile to "which permits them to purchase all the food they ·can eat." wonder what would have happened if Mr. Coolidge had not America is the only country in the world, be says, where tbis vetoed the McNary-Haugen bill and if it were now operating. is true. So there is no criticism implied in the statement that for the Third. Mr. Hoover's third and his moot far-reaching method time being we should scrap all the proposals for farm relief of farm relief is to create a Federal farm board with wide that have been discussed in the sense that we now have before powers of investigation into all farm questions, and in addition us a set of proposals that for all practical purposes constitute broad authority to act, power to a sist, and funds necessary to the program that should have the right of way. This is not to support all its activities and powers, with reference to the de say that no suggestions as to the details or even the funda velopment of cooperative marketing, clearing houses for agri mental implications of this program should be made. On the cultural products, and adequate warehousing facilities. contrary, it i~ highly important that Congress shall have' the In particular the board is to build up with initial advances of capi benefit of every available point of view both as to the principles tal f1·om the Government, farmer-owned and farmer-controlled stabiliza and the details of proposed legislation. But there is only one tion corporations which will protect the farmer from depressions and practical course, and that is to follow the leadership of the the demoralization of summer and periodic surpluses. President elect, who has promised the earliest possible action on thi ubject-at least " before the next harvest." In this way he w<>uld expect to gain the other three objectives The reas<>n for such a procedure is obvious. We have at in his program; that is, to stabilize farm prices, eliminate waste hand the formula for action-the leader, his program, and the in distribution, and meet the particular needs of different mandate placed upon him. products. Mr. Hoover has repeatedly signified his belief that the need This entire program of Mr. Hoover's should be enacted as of farm relief is our most pressing economic question. He has &peedily as possible and adopted in all its aspects. It is both a reiterated his promises that it shall have- immediate attention. pledge and an experiment--a pledge to give due attention to All the sincerity of his convictions, the integrity of his thinking, what l\Ir. Hoover himself says is" the most uifficult of economic the prestige of his method of attaining his ends, even his con prob!ems presented_to our people," and an experiillf'Ilt in the tinued leadership, are at stake. He can not fail to use all his sense that only by trial can we be sure of the adequacy of 1929 CONGRESS! ON .A·L RECORD-HOUSE ·1881. even a well-reasoned and "economically sound" program of done it is clear that we must first follow the present type of ftU'm relief. tariff to its full conclusion. We must have more tariff before Comments upon the program are, however, in order, first, we can have less tariff. because some of its implications should not be overlooked, and, The phrase, " Government encouragement of agricultural secondly, because there are other important phases of a farm cooperation," is hardly' expressive- of the full scope of the relief program than those mentioned by 1\:lr. Hoover that should group of proposals by which the Federal farm board would be fully considered while this legislation is being hammered have authority to stimulate and guide the development of into form. Moreover, there are exceedingly significant steps in organizations and facilities for marketing farm products, se farm relief lying outside the province of government that should cure proper credit for handling temporary surpluses, reduce be taken as soon as practicable. I wish, therefore, to make a distribution costs, and, in fact, authority to try to meet the few comments and suggestions on :Mr. Hoover's program. whole range of knotty problems that ensue in the process of Whatever beneficial results may accrue from the completion getting the products of the farms to the consumers on fair of the great inland-waterways project outlined by Mr. Hoover, term.s to both. To attempt detailed comment on these pro the question of rail rates on agricultural products still remains. posals would be to write a book. But once more emphasis is It is universally acknowledged that railway-traffic rates pre placed upon the desirability of the earliest possible legislation sent a stubborn, complex, some think an unsolvable, problem. by which the plans suggested by Mr. Hoover may get under' It is almost impossible to apply the scientific method to rate way. making, and if the task were left to the interested farmers It is, however, important to point out some considerations alone, it would still be difficult to resolve the conflicting claims that should. have ample discussion during the process of fram of farmers in Qifferent regions. ing the- measures and putting them on the statute book. Nevertheless the question is a basic one, and there should be Then there is the matter of exportable surplus. In the dis an adequate study of existing trangportation rates as affecting cussions of farm relief, the crux of the economic difficulty, it American soil-grown products, both for domestic and overseas has been argued by the proponents of Federal legislation, lies txansportation, and the possible revision of these rates, on the in the fact that we produce more than we need of certain principle of granting lowest possible rates between growing great staples, and that the price of this exportable surplus and marketing points, having in mind, however, both the nor in the world market tends to fix a lower price for the entire mal market for and the most promising regions for the produc product in the American market than would otherwise be the tion of various commodities. case, and a price too low for profitable production. l\1r. Hoover It would be worth while to investigate also the auto-truck is obviously opposed to such proposals as were embodied in problem as it affects the production and marketing of those the McNary-Haugen bill for taking this surplus off the do products that can economically be grown within the trading mestic market by direct means, and particularly by means in areas surrounding such cities as may afford an important volving the Government itself. He evidently relies upon the market to locally grown products. stimulus tbat higher tariffs will give to the production of In this connection may I call to your mind the fact that commodities not now receiving adequate protection, upon the probably the fruit region of western Michigan to-day is in its processes of orderly marketing, the handling of temporary sur: pre'ent state of prosperity because it can transport its soil pluses, the provision of warehousing facilities, the savings of grown products direct to the markets of the great cities ad costs of distribution of food products, and upon other similar jacent to it without the intervening delay of time and the gains from his general program, to reduce this exportable sur expense of refrigeration that it formerly had in steam-moved plus to manageable proportions, at least to eliminate it as a transportation. serious factor in the farm problem. The CHAIRMAN. The time of the gentleman from Michigan The problem of farm prices is, of course, fundamental not has expired. only as it concerns the in.dustry itself but in the business rela 1\fr. WASON. l\Ir. Chairman, I yield the gentleman,.. from tions of the farm group to other groups. We need to know the Michigan five additional minutes. relation of prices to cost of production ; the relation between Mr. HUDSON. The current studies of the Interstate Com prices received by the farmers and the prices for the same prod merce Commission in the field of traffic rates on farm products ucts in the wholesale market; the relation between farm prices hould be concluded as soon as practicable, and it should be and wholesale prices to retail prices of soil-grown products, made certain that they are inclusive of the main elements of whether raw or processed; the relation between prices and both the rate question as it affects American far-m._ers. quantity and quality production ; farm prices as affected by for Mr. Hoover in his speech of acceptance put the tariff first in eign trade; and then, finally and in general, the relation between his list of remedies f~r the farm depression, and in his St. Louis farm prices and the value of gold. speech he says : Moreover, the Federal Reserve Board bas large powers. Its Adequate tariff is essential if we would assure relief to the farm. operations should be widely known, especially as they may The first and most complete necessity is that the American farmer bas affect farmers, who are suspicious of bankers. Enlightenment the American market. That can be assured to him solely through the on this question is not a political but an economic matter. protective tariff. It is possible that the proposed Federal farm board is the ap propriate body to make such studies. The question, ho'wever, is So it seems to me we have wisely made provision whereby the more inclusive than farm interests alone, and recommendations Ways and Means Committee is in session working constantly based on these studies would affect several departments of Gov on the development of a tariff revision. ernment and all aspects of business. Might it not be well, Mr. LINTHICUM. Would the gentleman object to a question therefore, to authorize an existing commission or department of at this point? the Government-or, if necessary, to appoint a new commis Mr. HUDSON. No. sion-to make an immediate but thorough study of the forces Mr. LINTHICUM. I do not hear anything about the equali that govern· the relation between farm prices and general prices, zation fee. That is not in the program as I understand it? the relation of both to systems of banking and credit, and how Mr. HUDSON. That is touched on a little later, if the gen these forces and agencies may be controlled in the interest of tleman please, and if I have the time I will cover that. stabilizing general prices, and particularly in the interest of Mr. Hoover's recommendations should be adopted as soon equivalent prices to farmers? as proper schedules can be formulated. We should have a fair Mr. Chairman, I ask unanimous consent to revise and extend trial of a full farm tariff. It is imperative to apply to agri my remarks and to include as an extension by printing in the culture, and to the full, the accepted tariff protection given to REcoRD the complete manuscript of President Butterfield. industry. Whether there will be retaliatory tariffs in foreign The CHAIRMAN. Is there objection to the request of the countries either on our manufactured or agTicultnral products gentleman from Michigan? must be left to the future. Whether encouraging our farmers There was no objection. by means of the tariff to transfer some of their energies to The complete article by Doctor Butterfield is as follows: growing products thus to be protected will reduce the present exportable surplus of staples can be determined only by ex FARM RELIEF perience. By Kenyon L. Butterfield These recommendations for increasing the tariff on agricul . The .report o! the Business Men's Commission on Agriculture, made tm·al products are made in the light of the evident tariff in 1927, said that the agricultural question '' constitutes a challenge to psychology of the American people at :the present time, and in modern- statesmanship." harmony with the old slogan of the farmers of " a tariff for Now that the tumult and the shouting of the political campaign are all or a tariff for none." If America desires to participate fully over and the .captains, if not the kings,· of the fray have left tile stage, · in the world trade of the future, she may be obliged to make public QPinion should, if possibl~, be keyed to those fundamental issues radical reductions in her tariff, and perhaps even concede an that led the commission to use the words " challenge '' and " statesman entirely new principle in tariff legislation. But before that is ship " ; and to the constructive task of mapping and applying the basic 1882 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE J A.."N"U ARY 1 7 remedy suggested by the commission: "The adoption of a comprehensive MR. HOOVER'S PROGRAM agricultural policy." . _ Mr. Hoover's program is set forth both in its main principles and in The task is both supremely important and immensely difficult. We some of its details in his St. Louis speech of November 2, 1928. He are yet in the dawn of a just consideration of this complicated rural proposes to- question. There is available no unity of even current thinking on the First. Secure cheaper transportation of goods to market. subject as a great whole. History giv.es us meager aid. The practical Second. Provide a tariff sufficient to reserve to the American farmer jobs of making a policy and of making it work are nothing less than the American market. stupendous. It is probable indeed that a policy can not be "made" Third. Maintain the purchasing power of consumers. in the sense of formulating a plan that will at once satisfy the full need Fourth. Eliminate wastes in distribution. of American agriculture and country life, secure the approval of the Fifth. Stabilize farm prices. major elements of our population, and serve as guide to legislation and Sixth. Study each farm commodity as a problem and plan aid to meet the action of voluntary associations. A realistic policy will have to its particular difficulties. grow out of much discussion and experience as well as out of scientific H~ expects to attain these objectives by three laws or groups of research and constructive planning. These difficulties should by no laws: means deter us from seeking and adopting a comprehensive policy. First. He would complete as soon as practicable a system of inland ASSURANCE OF EARLY RELIEF waterways some 12,000 miles in length, which would traverse the · But the agricultural situation will not admit of delayin~ action until Mississippi Valley north and south, east and west, as well as give the a complete permanent policy is worked out. In a sense it is unfair upper valley and the Northwest ship-canal access to the Atlantic. He to the farmers to use the word " relief " in discussing the needs of believes that this great system would substantially reduce freight rates American farming ; our farmers are not begging a gift from the rest on farm products, as well as encourage the building o! new industries of their fellow citizens. Their expel'iences for the past eight years, in the valley and thus aid in absorbing locally a large farm production however, have impressed upon them the almost desperate need of finding in that region. a way out from under an acutely real burden. "Farm relief" has there Second. He would place marked increases of tariff upon those imports fore come to stand even among farm leaders for measures that should of soil-grown prod.ucts which we can grow in America, and which now be taken as speedily as possible for the purpose of bringing agriculture come in, he says, to the extent o! some $800,000,000 a year. Thus the nearer " to an economic equality with other industries." It is to be farmer would diversify his production, secure for himself the American hoped that all measures that may be passed will be in harmony with the market, and relieve existing exportable SUI"Pluses. The tariff on manu principles that should unde~lie that compre_!lensive rural policy which factured products, Mr. Hoover contends, makes it possible for our in all agree is imperative. But early action there must be. dustries to pay such wages as provide a standard of living for workers "which permits them to purchase all the food they can eat." America EARLY ACTION ASSURED is the only country in the world, he says, where tbls is true. That there will be early action is assured. It is idle to speculate Third. Mr. Hoover's third and most faL·-reaching method of farm as to the program of farm relief which would have issued from the relief is to create a Federal farm board with wide powers of investiga group which Governor Smith promised to assemble, if he were elected, tion into all farm questions, and in addition broad authoL·ity to act, to consider the farm problem, or as to the et!ect upon that program power to assist, and funds necessary to support all lts activities and of his adherence to the principles of the McNary-Haugen bill. It is powers, with reference to the development of cooperative marketing. ~ equally futile to wonder what would have happened i! Mr. Coolidge clearing houses for agricultural products, and adequate warehousing bad not vetoed the McNary-Haugen bill and if it were now operating. facilities. So there is no criticism implied in the statement that for the time " In particular the board is to build up with initial advances of capi being we should scrap all the proposals for farm relief that have been tal from the Government, farmer-owned and farmer-controlled stabiliza- · discussed in the sense that we now have before us a set of proposals tion corporations which will protect the farmer from depressions and that for all practical purposes constitute the program that should the demoralization of summer and periodic surpluses." have the right of way. This is not to say that no suggestions as to In tQ_is way he would expect to gain the other three objectives in the details or even the fundamental implications of this program his program ; that is, to stabilize farm prices, eliminate waste in dis should be made. On the contrary it is highly important that Congress tribution, and meet the particular needs of different products. shall have the benefit of every available point of view, both as to the This entire program of Mr. Hoover's should be enacted as speedily principles and the details of proposed legislation. But there is onl! as possible and adopted in all its aspects. It is both a pledge and an one practical course, and that is to follow the leadership of the Presi experiment-a pledge to give due attention to what Mr. Hoover him dent elect, who has promised the earliest possible action on this sub self says is "the most difficult of economic problems presented to our ject-at least "before the next harvest." people," and an experiment in the sense that only by trial can we be THE MAN, THE PROGR.A.l\1, THE MANDATE sure of the adequacy of even a well-reasoned and " economically sound" The rea.son for such a procedure is obvious. We have at band the program of farm relief. formula !or action-the leader, his program, and the mandate placed COMMENTS UPON THE PROGRA:\f upon him. Comments upon the program are, however, in order, first, because Mr. Hoover bas repeatedly signified his belief that the need of farm some of its implications should not be overlooked, and, secondly, be relief is our most pressing economic question. He has reiterated his cau e there are other important phases of a farm-relief program than promises that it shall have immediate attention. All the sincerity of those mentioned by Mr. Hoover that should ~ be fully considered while his convictions, the integrity of his thinking, the prestige of his method this legislation is being hammered into form. Moreover, there are of attaining his ends, even his continued leadership, are at stake. He excee-dingly significant steps in farm relief lying outside the province can not fail to use all his powers and all his power to secure from of govemment that should be taken as soon as practicable. I wish, Congress and from voluntary organizations the enactment of his pro therefore, to make a few co'mments and suggestions on Mr. Iloover's gram and the backing of his farm constituency. program. And Mr. Hoover has a program. He has set forth a very definite Whatever beneficial results may accrue from the completion of the and comprehensive program of farm progress. To say this is not to great inland-waterways project outlined by Mr. Hoover, the question of ;.ssume that Mr. Hoover's announced program is sufficient for all agri rail rates on agricultural products still remains. cultural ills nor even a certain cure for the particular difliculties it It is universally acknowledged that railway-traffi.c rates present a seel 1929 -... CONGRESSIONAL -RECORD-HOUSE retaliatory tariffs Jn foreign countries either on our manufactured or forces that govern the relation between farm prices and general prices, agricultural products must be left to the future. Whether encouraging the relation of both to systems of banking and credit, and bow these our farmers by means of the tariff to transfer some of their energies forces and agencies may be controlled in the interest of stabilizing gen to growing products thus to be protected, will reduce the present ex eral prices, and particularly in the interest of equivalent prices to portable surplus of staples can be determined only by experience. farmers? These recommendations for increasing the tariff on agricultural prod A COMPREHENSIVE STUDY OF FARM TAXES ucts are made in the light of the evident tariff psychology of the Amer Taxation as it affects the farm is a function of the State rather than ican people at the present time, and in harmony with the old slogan of the Federal Government. The cost of schools and of highways is the of the farmers of " a tariff for all or a tariff for none." If America biggest charge on the farmer's direct tax bill. It is desirable, however, desires to participate fully in the world trade of the future, she may to have more nearly uniform State laws on this subject. The item of be obliged to make radical reductions in her tariff, and perhaps even taxes is now so prominent a factor in farm expense as not only to con concede an entirely new principle in tariff legislation. But before stitute an important problem in itself, but to call for the fullest possible that is done it is clear that we must first follow the present type of measure of uniformity in the different States. tariff to its full conclusion. We must have more tariff before we can It is also highly important to consider. the relation of Federal and have less tariff. State taxation as affecting the farmer, epecially as this relationship is The phrase, " Government encouragement of agricultural coopera exhibited in the Federal income tax and in the Federal inheritance tax. tion," is hardly expressive ot the full scope of the group of proposals Here again arises the query whether the Federal Farm Board should, by which the Federal Farm Board would have authority to stimulate in addition to its other duties, be charged with this important investi and guide the development of organizations and facilities for market gation. Perhaps it may be wiser to have a special commission on this ing farm products, secure proper credit for handling temporary sur subject. Or again, inasmuch as the United States Department of Agri pluses, reduce distribution costs, and, in fact, authority to try to meet culture has already carried investigations in this general field, it might the whole range of knotty problems that ensue in the process of getting be well to empower that department to extend its study of farm taxa the products of the farms to the consumers on fair terms to both. To tion. From the wt·iter's pqlnt of view it is desirable at an early date attempt detailed comment on these proposals would be to write a book. to assemble sufficient data on which to formulate recommendations for But once more emphasis is placed upon the desirability of the earliest uniform State tax laws which recognize the necessity of minimizing the possible legislation by which the plans suggested by Mr. Hoover may general property tax and substituting forms of taxation based upon get under way. the principle that taxes should be assessed not only upon individuals, It is, however, important to point out some considerations that should corporations, and other business groups, but also upon municipallties have ample discussion during the process of framing the measures and and local communities, in accordance with ability to pay. putting them on the statute book. . As a special phase of this study, consideration should be given to There is the matter of exportable surplus. In the discussions of the desirability and feasibility of increasing the Federal income tax but farm relief, the crux of the economic difficulty, it has been argued returning a part of this tax to the States. by the proponents of Federal legislation, lies in the fact that we pro LAND UTILIZATION duce more than we need of certain great staples, and that the price of this exportable surplus in the world market tends to fix a lower The business men's commission wisely stressed the significance of price for the entire product in the American market than would other trying to readjust the utilization of the land by putting each acre to wise be the case, and a price too low for profitable production. Mr. its best use, recognizing that vast a~eas of land are now cropped that Hoover is obviously opposed to such proposals as were embodied in should have some other use. The commission suggested the organiza the McNary-Haugen bill for taking this surplus off the domestic market tion of a "National Agricultural . Foundation," privately endowed, by direct means, and particularly by means involving the Government which should, among other functions, secure an expert classification of itself. He evidently relies upon the stimulus that higher tariffs will the land resources of the Nation, including an eeonomic survey of land, give to the production of commodities not now receiving adequate pro and then try to get this land put. to its best uses. There would be tection, upon the processes of orderly marketing, the handling of tem information service to landholders, experiments in transplanting scat porary surpluses, the provision of warehousing facilities, the savings tel'ed farmers from poor lands to colonies on better lands, and perhaps of costs of distribution of food products, and upon other similar gains some guidance of population movements. from his general program, to reduce this exportable surplus to man It may be doubtful wisdom to assign this work of mapping the best ageable proportions, at least to eliminate it as a serious factor in the utilization of farm land to a body that bas other functions. It is in itself a task of tremendous proportions. It involves not merely the farm problem. There are apparently those who are not so sanguine as Mr. Hoover allocation of Federal lands or of large tracts of State or privately that this solution of the surplus problem will eventuate. The news owned lands within the State but in most parts of the country it papers report that Senator MCNARY will reintroduce the McNary-Haugen involves also discrimination in use of land in local communities and bill minus the equalization fee ; while Mr. Taber, the master of the even on individual farms. I~ is also pertinent to inquire whether National Grange, is reported as declaring that the McNary-Haugen much of this work is not clearly a governmental function. Howevel·, the main observation to be made is that the program of farm relief bill has no chance to become a law, but that as a part of needed tariff should include machinery for securing a wiser utilization of our land. legi~lation the export debenture plan of the grange is still the most It is not a minor but a very important element in the farm problem. workable and logical form of readjusting tariff inequalities. There may be in these pronouncements a gesture of vindication of a position CONTINUJiiD RESEARCH taken ; but there is probably a dominant measure of conviction as to The importance of continuous and thoroughgoing research into every issues. However, these doubts on the surplus question hardly afford part of the rural problem becomes more obvious with every discussion an argument against Mr. Hoover's far-flung plan of handling our of farm problems and every proposal for their solution. Fortunately, domestic farm production. Time only will reveal the extent to which Mr. Hoover's bent of mind is that of one who wants bottom facts as his constructive measures will eliminate that aspect of farm relief the background for action, and be clearly sees the special need for this which has thus far controlled the thinking of our farmers and im procedure in the case of rural questions. For he proposes that the pressed the majority of Congress. We may find after all that the Federal farm board shall be a fact-finding agency, and ' hall also set "surplus problem" will not down. itself to discover both causes and remedies. The problem of farm prices is, of course, fundamental not only as it In planning for research of this character it is however highly concerns the industry itself but in the business relations of the farm important to remember that the United States Department of Agri group to other groups. We need to know the relation of prices to cost culture, together with the agricultural experiment stations in all the of production ; the r elation between prices received by the farmers and States, form the most extensive and effective agency of rural research the prices for the same products in the wholesale market; the relation in the world. A recent act of Congress adds substantially to the re between farm prices and wholesale prices to retail prices of soil-grown search facilities of the State experiment stations, particularly in the products, whether raw or processed; the relation between prices and field of economic and social studies. Is there not an advantage in both quantity and quality production ; farm prices as affected by foreign providing still larger funds by which the United States Department of trade; and then, finally and in general, the relation between farm prices · Agriculture can greatly expand its studies of this rural problem-? It and the value of gold. would seem wise to provide immediately for substantially increased Moreover, the Federal Reserve Board has large powers. Its opera appropriations for investigations by the United States Department of tions should be widely known, especially as they may affect farmers, who . Agriculture, in cooperation with the State experiment stations, of a are suspicious of bankers. Enlightenment on this question is not a wide range of problems which American agriculture as a whole has to political but an economic matter. face, particularly in the fields or world demand and supply of soil It is possible that the proposed Federal farm board is the appropriate grown products, and the more · obvious economic difficulties that have body to make such studies. The question, however, is more inclusive already been revealed, as well as the social implications of these eco than farm interests alone, and recommendations· based on these studies nomic· tendencies. ·· The department should be required particularly to would affect several departments of Government and all aspects of busi expand· its studies in the social aspects of farming, a field it has barely ness. Might it not be well, therefore, to authorize an existing commis- touched thus far. sion or department of the Government-or, it necessary, to ·appoint a Moreover, there is need of getting the results of these investigations new commission-to make an immediate but thorough study of the directly to the farmers as well as to Congress. Here again the United 1884 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE JANUARY 17 States Department of .Agriculture, cooperating with the agricultural .All the above measures require Federal legislation. The following colleges, one in each State, provides the largest and most effective suggestions embody plans that may well be stimulated by Government, machinery for rural adult education in the world. The need for con but must depend chiefly upon voluntary organization and support. tinued education in the field of cooperative endeavor is especially A RURAL FOUNDATION needed. It would be the part of wisdom, therefore, to develop still more fully the educational activities of the United States Department Twenty years ago, when the Roosevelt Country Life Commission was of Agriculture and the various agricultural colleges, by increased Federal at work, it became evident to some of its members that there ought to appropriations in order to further rural popular education, especially be some sort of rural foundation, privately endowed, which could study and interpret independently both of Government and of organizations in the field of cooperative buying and selling, and in other forms of the trends and needs of American agriculture and country life. collective business activity of the farming interests. From time to time various suggestions have been made for such a THE FEDERAL FARM BOABD foundation, and with the rise of many research agencies during the In outlining the functions of the proposed Federal farm board Mr. past 20 years have come on the part of many of them special types of Hoover well says that it will be "an institution which will be one of research in this field, and notable and statesmanlike contributions have the most important institutions in our Government." For he would thereby been made. give this board " power to determine the facts, the causes, the remedies It bas remained for Columbia University to propose a plan for an which should be applied to each and every one of the multitude of "institute of rural affairs," the aim of which would be "to make problems which we mass under the general term, ' the agricultural original researches in the field of rural affairs and to interpret and problem.'" This board would also have a wide range of executive give publicity to the best available knowledge concerning the funda tasks of great importance and difficulty, not to mention the pioneering mental probems oi agriculture and country life, the most promising character and the financial significance of the machinery the board methods of their solution, the relationships of the urban and rural would be expected to install. Would a group designed to guide the groups, and the international aspects of the farm question." destinies of this new and intricate business mechanism be the best The need for this sort of thing has been well set forth by President group to administer the details of scientific research? Butler, of Columbia, in these words : Thet·e is the further question of policy making. The business men's "Some solution for the problE>ms of the land and its relationship to commission wisely said: human life should and must be found. • • • The modern democratic ".A sound national agricultural policy conceived 1n this way can not state must find a way to keep the need.ful proportion of the population rest upon governmental action alone, but requires the active partici upon the land, to maintain the quality of the rural population in com pation and cooperation of farmers and their organizations, of the parison with the other groups, and to provide that population with the otiler great economic groups, and of the local, State, and Federal resources and satisfactions of modern civilization. • • • What is Governments as the guardians of the interests of the community. The needed is an institute to integrate, to correlate, and to guide this vast formubtion of such a policy and the building up of agencies and undertaking, with a view to establishing and interpreting the facts for methods by which it may be expressed in concrete terms will require the information of public opinion and for the guidance of governments." a long period of time, for it must be the product of gradual accumula The committee which President Butler invited to report on a plan tion of experience and knowledge and can not be expected to spring for such an institute closes its report by saying that this institute of complete and perfect from the brain of any individual or group." rural affairs should have essentially a clearing-house function, quite in A national chamber of agriculture and country life might be, there addition to any otiginal pieces of research which it may undertake. Its fore, of decided advantage. Many suggestions h~. :e been made for an greatE'st value and real genius will lie in the possibilities for cor organization of such a chamber ever since it was first proposed for the relating 'knowledge and opinion in terms of the statesmanship of rural United States by Mr. David Lubin, 15 years ago. Mr. Lubin borrowed affairs and stating these so clearly that their opinions may become valid the idea from Germany, but it is doubtful if any European plan for this for action on the part of all groups interested. sort of thing could be transplanted. The idea, however, is entirely .An institute of this sort should be liberally endowed. It has vast sound. We do need some kind of thoroughly representative bOdy with possibilities. If it had been in operation during the last decade it could ramifications into the smaller units of rural society and with interests have contributed immeasurably to the solution of the agricultural situa inclu ive of every aspect of the farm question in order to provide a tion which has developed since the war. fot·um for discussing and formulating a rural policy and program. Government agencies have their limitations in dealing with problE-ms Still another matter of real importance is that the Federal farm that involve social and political issues. A privately endowed institute board shall have at least one member whose particular interest lies in of rural affairs would admirably supplement a Federal farm board. the area of rural welfare of human relations. Mr. Hoover well said It would be particularly helpful in informing and influencing uruan at St. Louis : interests and points of view and in helping to indicate and c()rre1ntP "And the problem is not wholly an economic problem. It is partly those international aspects of the farm question that must inevitably a social problem, because the farm is more than a place of business command the attention of statesmen and other leaaers. it is a place of living and a home. So that in addition to finding the AN AGGRESSIVE COUNTRY·LTFE PROGRAM particular difficulty in that particular branch of the business we must It is .a truism that agriculture is a mode of life as well as a means have regard for important social problems involved.'' of making a living. To repeat Mr. Hoover's phrase, "We must have A PROPOSED DIVISION Oil' LABOR regard for important social problems involved." In view of the considerations just discussed, it is suggested that the While Government should recognize these problems and foster both Federal farm board have as its primary executive duty the great task research and action in the field of rural social problems, just as is of directing the organizations of all those agencies which Mr. Hoover the case with the business and economic problems of the farmers the lists in his category of essential machinery for farm relief on its working out of these social problems must in practice be left .almost economic side. wholly to associations of farmers, to their schools, and to the other Then let the board be linked with the United States Department of social agencies that function in the countryside. The local govern· .Agriculture in such fashion that the department and the cooperating ment, especially country government, can do more than is now done. State agricultural colleges and experiment stations shall carry on the This whole field of "country life," embodying as it does questions main features at least of the research necessary to a full understanding of health, recreation, local government, social welfare, education, char of our farm problems, and also greatly enlarge their educational activi acter building, and community organization, must receive far Iarget" ties known officially as the "cooperative extension work in agriculture attention. These questions are significant, whether we have economic prosperity or depression. They deal with people in terms of their and home economics.'' Nothing should be done to limit the independence deepest welfare and their personal development. or the initiative of the Department of Agriculture. On the contrary, its work should be greatly expanded, especially in research. As .a concrete suggestion I know of nothing which would help this country-life program more than tlnding a way by which the American It might be well for the Federal farm board to call into being a body Country Life .Association could assume more aggressive leadership in with some such title as "The National Council of Agriculture and this field. For over 10 years the association bas served as clearing Country Life," which will be representative of all rural organizations house and conference center for a group of not less than 30 prtvatD and interests of every type, but to an extent also representative of and public ~encies having a direct interest in the social problems of industry, business, labor; in fact, while dominantly agricultural in its agriculture. It is capable of becoming a tower of strength in th~ make-up, a group which will attempt to secure the cooperation of all operation of a wise, incln3ive, American farm policy. parts of our population in developing a wise and sane and permanent agricultural policy. At any rate, steps should be taken to insure A COMPLETE REHABILITATION OF THE COUNTRY CHURCH continued considerations of such a policy. Probably the country church has suffered more than any other rural The I<~e deral fa rm board would thus part with none of the power or agency. This fact is due to a number of reasons, such as the agricul prestige with which Mr. Hoover would clothe it, and would in addition tural depression itself, a vast amount of overchurcbing chargeable in ally with itself. and deeply influence all the agencies and forces in the part to denominational riva:Iry, the advent of automobiles and good United States which, through research and education, discussion and roads, the lack of aggressive church programs, and a general letting up cooperation, could contribute to the solution of the rural problem. of church attendance in both city and countcy. 1929 1885" Such st eps as the following are suggested = Those who flippantly ·pronounce the Democratic Pa1·ty dead (1) Organize a national commission on the country church large and who are busy formulating plans for its · burial have not enough a nd representative enough to stand for the entire rural church been richly endowed by Providence with an oversupply of far problem. seeing comprehension, and are evidently ignorant of Ameri.,:;an (2) Organize a layman's country church association which will bring political history, unable to accurately appraise political events togetl:.er r epresentative farmers from all parts of the country who have Hlld incapable of correctly measuring the ebb and flow of public . a keen and an a biding interest in a revival of the country church. opinion. Our Republican friends have difficulty in under$tand~ (3) Provide for a continuation of surveys which will determine both ing how a great political party can survive successive defeats .overchurched and underchurched rural communities. and continue as a militant fighting force without political ( 4) Encourage the larger parish plan. "pap," patronage, and the spoils of office. These things mean 'l'hese a re merely a few of the items in a plan that involves perhaps much to the average Republican, and tl;ley mean everything the most vital of all the needs in a program of farm relief-the spirit to many Republican politicians. Political patronage and the ual element. For as Mr. Hoover himself said at St. Louis, "You can spoils of office appeal but lightly to the rank and file of the not divide those things that are seen from those that are unseen. The Democratic Party and are not the things that control the aver things that we call material are the foundation stones upon which we age Democrat, influence his party alignment, and inspire him build the temple of those things we call spiritual." with party zeal and loyalty. 1\Ir. CULLEN. Mr. Chairman, I yield to the gentleman from l\ir. SCHAFER rose. Missouri [Mr. LoziER] such time as he desires. Mr. LOZIER. l\Ir. Chairman, I decline to yield until I finish The CHAIRMAN. The gentleman from Missouri is recog my statement. The gentleman probably heard my statement at nized for one hour. the beginning. Mr. LOZIER. Mr. Chairman, since the November ·election Mr. SCHAFER. I did not. much has been said concerning the future of the Democratic Mr. LOZIER I decline to yield until I finish my statement. Party. Some shallow-brained, shortsighted, and emotional The normal Republican machine politician, from his mate- editors, superficial students of public affairs, and poorly in rialistic standpoint, can not understand or appreciate the eter formed partisan politicians have boldly proclaimed the immi nal verities that underlie, permeate, and vitalize the Democratic nent and inevitable eclipse, dissolution, and destruction of Party. They see only the shifting shadow, not the underlying . the party of Jefferson, Madison, Jackson, Cleveland, Bryan, and principles and vital forces that influenc-e Democrats and give Wilson, and a host of other masters of statecraft. Not a few life and virility to their party. Republicans have signally failed of its traditional enemies have sung melancholy dirges over to comprehend the fealty and unselfish devotion of the individ its untimely fate, pronounced mock-heroic eulogies over what ual Democrat to the fundamental principles of his party. They they considered its mangled and mutilated remains, and un have overlooked the public problems and national needs that ceremoniously consigned it to the somber and echoless charnel called the Democratic Party into existence and which give it house of oblivion. [Laughter.] Others have assumed the task such a tremendous power over the minds and conscience of men. of formulating the platform, principles, and policies of the new I, therefore, pity t~e benighted Democrat and Republican par political party which, they say, will rise from the shattered tisans whose prejudice impairs their vision, distorts their judg ruins and emberless ashes of Democracy. [Laughter.] ment, and incapacitates them from seeing in their proper per I am neither alarmed, annoyed, nor embanassed by the anvil spective existing conditions and important events that are not chorus of these amateur makers of political medicine, these only rapidly approaching but inevitable. I look with extreme self-constituted political grave diggers, these gruesome political tolerance on the utterances and activities of those short-sighted morticians, these croaking birds -of evil omen, these partisah Democrats and Republicans whose chief duty seems to be to professional mourners who habitually go about the streets and hang crepe on the doors of the temple of democracy, and who up and down the political highways and byways of the Nation, after each election insist on ordering the hearse and writing an gleeful1y spreading the dismal tidings to the effect that the epitaph for the Democratic Party. Sooner or later these un Democratic Party, if not already in a state of rigor mortis, is happy victims of political astigmatism will amble out of their dying and no longer a potential factor in the political affairs of delirium and experience a rude awakening. the American people. From my knowledge of present conditions and from a diligent Despite tbe exuberant exultation of our Republican friends, and lifelong study of the political history of the United States I assert that the Democratic Party is not dead and will not I have reached the obvious and inescapable conclusion that the die. [Applause.] While I do not envy these lugubrious politi Democratic Party is not dead, dying; disintegrating, or hope cal prognosticators the supreme satisfaction they seem to be lessly disorganized. Notwithstanding its defeat in the recent getting out of the recent political upheaval, I modestly venture elections it is still a going concern with 15,000,000 active and the suggestion that rejoicing based on election returns is ob loyal stockholders which justifies the conclusion that it will con viously fleeting and exceedingly transitory ; and, judging the tinue to be an important factor in the political affairs of the future by the past, it is not unreasonable to assume, borrowing American people. · an expression from St. James, that their laughter will soon be There is a need and a place in our national life for the Demo turned to mourning and their joy to heaviness. To them I com cratic Party and though severely chastened it will survive and mend the proverb- be an effective instrument by which great multitudes of our peo ple may speak and work their sovereign will. [Applause on Pride goeth before destruction and a haughty spirit before a fall. the Democratic side.] Instead of consigning the Democratic Those who are ordering flowers for the funeral of the Demo Party to a political Carian cave to join Endymion in his age cratic Party are living in a fool's paradise and feasting on long slumber, millions of upstanding, forward-looking citizens apples of Sodom, which, though attractive to the eye and seem will rally around its standard, millions of tongues will eloquently ingly luscious, are nevertheless filled with the bitter ashes of acclaim its virtues, and millions of vibrant lips will break forth disappointment. in preans of triumphant exultation over its outstanding accom Real Democrats look not of course with satisfaction but plishments in constructive statesmanship. [Applause on the with equanimity on the result of the recent elections and' with Democratic side.] indifference on the vain and extravagant boasting of their po In the future, as in the past, it will stand for certain definite litical adversaries. Just as surely as night follows day, just national policies, the enactment and efficient administration of as surely as the seasons come and go, just as surely as the rest which will promote the public welfare and ultimately establish less tides alternately flow and ebb, just as certainly will the social and economic justice for all vocational groups. principles and policies of the Democratic Party ultimately These piinciples are older than our Republic, but there is triumph and win the approval of the Ametican electorate. a constant need for their application to our ever-changing [Applause.] In the past, times without number, even under conditio~s. The~e principles inspired our forefathers when e·xceedingly adverse conditions, the fortunes of politics brought they courageously severed their relations with Great Britain success to the Democratic hosts; and if we are loyal to its fought the Revolutionary War, and at the point of crude anvil: t1·aditional principles, policies, and ideals, victory will again forged bayonets compelled that opulent, arrogant, proud, and take up her habitation in our tents, fight around our party power~l nation to .recognize our independence. standard, and crown our cause with success. [Applause.] It is significant that a large m,ajority, yes, an overwhelming The true .test of a ~an's character is his ability and ·willing majority, of those who won om· war for independence and ness to restst temptation and hold fast to his integrity when founded our Republic actively cooperated in founding the Dem overtaken by adversity [applause], and the true test of the ocratic Party which in turn perfected our scheme of government right of a political party to live is its ability and determina and nurture~ our fr~e institutions. It first demonstrated to a t~on in adv~rsity to -hold tenaciously to the principles and poli skeptical world the capacity of Jhe American people for self etes on which it was founded and to meet discouraging condi government~ It developed our latent ·and almost limitless natu tions and defeat with courage and fortitude. ral resources. By wise statesmanship it. transfo~ed 13 rival 11886. CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE' JANUARY 17 - colonies, envious_ of _each other's power and influence, into -a into existence, and which for nearly a century and a half that compact, cohesive, and progre sive nation. - It fostered - our party has aggressively champi(}ned and succe sfully applied in social, agricultural, industrial, and commercial life. It encour the administration of our National and State affairs. aged culture and learning by establishing systems of free schools There is the same great need for the Democratic Party now · unsurpa sed and unexampled in either ancient or modern times. as when Jefferson vigorously opposed the monarchial tenden It stimulated liberal and fine arts. It raised our standards of cies and centralizing influence sponsored by Hamilton and his living to unprecedented levels. It ~reated a national spirit and associates in the Federalist Party; as much need now for the largely eradicated provincialism. By wholesome policies and Democratic Party as when Jefferson advocated a Government liberal laws it sent first into the trans-Appalachian area and that would insure equal rights to all, special privileges to none ; then into the trans-Mississippi region a mighty-race of pioneers as much need for the Democratic Party now as when Jeffer ·on who felled the forests, subdued the desert, stirred the soil into forced a recognition of the principle that "the powers not generous productivity, laid out highways, tunneled mighty delegated to the United States by the Constitution, nor pro . mountains, bridged torrential streams, reared homes and hibited by it to the States, are reserved to the States respec churches, established schools, built cities, and transformed the tively, or to the people"; as much need now for the Democratic uninviting wilderness into a delightful and amazingly productive Party as when it formulated and successfully applied .our wise l1abitation which has made a wonderful contribution to our foreign policy, including the so-called .Monroe doctrine, first national life and tremendously augmented our stock of national advanced by Jefferson while Secretary of State under Wash .wealth. [Applause on the Democratic side.] ington, and which was afterwards elaborated and announced , During the first 75 or 80 years of our national existence the as a national policy by President Monroe, another Democrat ; 1Democratic Party, practically alone and unaided, guided and as much need now for the Democratic Party as when it blazed guarded the destinies of our Republic, and protected it from the old paths and ·established the old landmarks for the future internal strife and shielded it from the envi(}US, avaricious, and guidance of the American people ; as much need now for a greedy grasp of older and more powerful nations that looked militant democracy as when· Andrew Jackson, with cloudle s contemptuously on our form of government and coveted (}Ur rich vision and unexampled courage, strangled the United States possessions. By wise and far-seeing .statesmanship it extended Bank and ended the autocratic power it exerted over the our territorial boundaries to the Pacific Ocean, adding to our Government and the unconscionable monopoly it enjoyed over public domain a far-flung empire with diversified resources, the the financial affairs of the Nation; as much need now for the· extent and value of which surpass the dreams of avarice and Democratic Party as when our Democratic Presidents and Dem -stagger human comprehension. In every decade of its long and ocratic Congresses were adding to our public domain, extend eventful history, the Democratic Party has made an exceedingly ing our national boundaries and carrying our flag from the valuable contribution to the forces that promote the public weal. Father of Waters to the placid, sun-kissed Pacific and from Its history is the record of our Nation's birth, development, and the far-flung Canadian frontier to the sluggish Rio Grande; as :greatness. In constructive statesmanship it has not been sur- much need now for the Democratic Party as when it was de passed or even approached by any political party that has ap veloping our rich natural resources and amazing wealth of peared in our national life. Appreciating the wisdom embo-died farm, fie.ld, forest, factory, mountain, mine, and plain; as in Lord Chatham~s maxim, "Where law ends tyranny begins," much need now for the Democratic Party as when Cleveland the Democratic Party has always been a party of law and order established the principle that "a public office is a public trust," and has stood for the sanctity and inviolability of our Federal ruthlessly stamped out corruption and extravagance and re Constitution and for the supremacy of our laws. "'Xo no one stored honesty, efficiency, and economy in the administration 'will we sell, to no one will we deny or delay right and justice." of Federal affairs [applause]; as much need now for the Demo , This rule of national conduct was first embodied in the Magna cratic Party as when Woodrow Wilson inaugurated far-reach Charta wrestled from John Plantagenet by the English barons ing governmental reforms, secured the enactment of laws to ·at Runnymede in 1215. It announces a principle and policy of establish social justice, and in eight years placed on our statute government the Democratic Party has always sought to apply books more beneficent and outstanding constructive legislation in the administration of public affairs. than had been enacted by the Republican Party in the previous Great political parties founded on age-lasting principles and 50 years [applause] ; as much need now for the Democratic with records for useful service and constructive statesmanship Party as when President Wilson carried to a suc~essful con, do not die or disintegrate as a result of severe defeats or long summation our stupendous military operations in the World continued denial of public' favor . . Some short-sighted Democrats War, the most sanguinary, appalling, and destructive conflict and Republicans looked upon the election results in 1912 as a that has ever ravaged the earth, scourged humanity, or chas death blow to the Republican Party. Seemingly ~t was hope tised nations since the morning stars sang together and the lessly _divided with no reasonable probability of the party curtain went up on human history. schism ever being tranquilized. Gentlemen, it is not probable that either the Democratic or But contrary to expectations, the breach was soon healed, Republican Parties will die for generations. Though differing the blowy chasm between the discordant elements quickly widely, each is founded oo principles that vitally affect our bridged, angry passions _soon subsided, and factional hatreds social, political, industrial, and economic life, and which will disappeared almost as quickly as a fog lifts from a valley after probably be the subject of honest disagreement and uppermost the radiant beams of a summer sunrise dip over the mountain in the minds of the American people for several decades. Each summits and bathe the landscape with warmth and beauty. represents a definite and distinct theory as to the functions of Though stro.ngly intrenched in P<>'Wer as a result of the unhappy government, but they differ radically in the application of the events that precipitated and followed the Civil War, the Repub fundamental principles on which our -free institutions are lican Party went down in defeat before the disorganized and founded. It is ridiculous to assert that either party has a seemingly impotent Democracy in the presidential elections in monopoly on wisdom, statecraft, and patriotism, or to assume 1876, 1884, 1892, _1912, and 1916. Some of these reverses were that one party will live forever and the other quickly perish. sufficiently acute to seriously threaten its existence, or at least In both of the great political parties much may be found to its influence as an effective political (}rganization, and in 1912 commend and much to condemn. Obviously each party bad the rout was so decisive that many of its most loyal members and has a mission. Each has contributed to our national pres foresaw its pr(}bable overthrow and destruction. tige, progress, peace, and prosperity. Each has often been mis As the Republican Party survived these crushing reverses, so managed and suffered from selfish and unwise leadership. Each the Democratic Party will weather the storm, ride out of the has occasionally worshiped false political gods and now and tempest, survive the severe d111bbing it received in 1928, and then sold its birthright for a short lease of power or for a continue to serve the American people. Its decimated ranks mess of political pottage. Each has made many mistakes and will be filled and closed, its morale restored, its confidence re at times embezzled power, misused official positions, and sacri newed, its courage quickened, and its organization perfected so ficed the interests of the people. In platform declarations and as to function efficiently. The tides of popular favor that ebbed in the enactment of legislation each political party has fre in 1928 will flow with irresistible force toward Democracy in quently abandoned fi~ed principles for expediency in an effort 1930 and 1932. The pendulum of public opinion will inevitably to win election and secure temporary advantages. swing back toward the Democratic Party and crown its policies But by reason of tbe principles on wbicb it is f(}unded and with public approval. Those who expected and hoped for its because of its more than a century-long battle for the rights of early dissolution will be quickly and· completely disillusioned the masses or so-called common people, the Democratic Party and in future elections will stand face to face with a united, has seldom departed far from its traditional policies, turned militant, and rehabilitated Democratic Party. aside from its well-marked path of duty or surrendered to the I am reluctant to believe that the American people have ~lfish and sordid interests that infest our national Capitol and abandoned or will aband(}n the principles, policies, and funda- . greedily demand special privileges, undeserved favors, and mental concepts of government that called the Democratic Party unearned bounties. 1929 CONGRESSIONAL. RECORD-·· HOUSE 1887 As great political parties do not spring up overnight neither names ·and pass under new leadership, but the instances are do they perish suddenly. They are called· into being. in answer exceedingly rare when· a great political party dies or crumbles to a nation-wide public demand. They are organized and main to pieces. - · tained to reflect and emphasize the will and demands of large Even superficial students of our political history kno-w that groups of people. They are endowed with life, virility, and ever since we have had a Government we have had a Demo~ influence because they represent and advocate the opinions, cratic Party, although it was originally known_ as the Anti convictions, and fundamental conceptions of large bodies of Federalist or Democratic-Republican Party, and since the time citizens in relation to governmental matters. of President Jackson it has been· known as the Democratic Political parties are the agencies and instrumentalities by Party. During the first administration of President Washing which the American voters work their will and express their ton, although classed as a Federalist, the executive department approval or disapproval of legislative and economic policies. was not conducted on a partisan basis; there were no political A political party is, composed of millions of men and women parties .as we now understand that term, although conflicting who are in complete or substantial agreement as to govern views were held by rival groups or blocs that developed into mental policies and methods by which social - and economic the Federalist Party and the Democratic Party. The Demo, justice may be promoted. And political parties are organized cratic Party has an unbroken line of succession from the firs_t and maintained to curb, restrain, and rebuke individuals and Washington administration. The Federalist PaTty after a brief parties who make merchandise of patriotism and use the career was merged in the Whig Party, and from the loins of agencies and instrumentalities of the Government to promote the Whig Party the Republican Party sprung. their sel1i.sb and sordid ends. · Crediting the administrations of. Presidents Wa&hington and Parties are created to safeguard our institutions, promote John Adam::; to the Federalist Party, though the former was the general welfare, expose corruption and graft, rebuke prodi not essentially partisan, the executive department of our Gov gality and extravagance in the eJ..."J)enditure of public funds, ernment since 1789 has been controlled by political parties as define the subjects, objects, and limits of taxation, and to pre follows: vent an unreasonable exercise or an abuse of the taxing power. Federalist Party, 12 years. - In short, political parties will exist as long as we cherish our Whig Party, 4 years 1 month. free institutions. Without great _political parties a Republic Republican Party, 52 years. such as ours can not function efficiently, work the will of its . Democratic Party; 71 years 11 mo-nths. citizens, obtain the maximum benefits and blessings incident to It is a noteworthy fact that for more than one-half of the· our unique form of government, attain the highest ends and hundred and forty. years of our national existence the Demo ideals of statecraft, insure the reign of social justice, and cratic Party has been in complete co-ntrol of the executive equitably balance the scales of opportunity between conflicting branch of our Government. . And in the period during which· interests and riv!l-1 vo_cational groups. the Democratic Party dominated this Nation our institutions A political party stands for certain well-defined theories of were nurtured and established on a stable and enduring basis, governm~nt; champions principles and policies that in the opin our resources developed, our territorial boundaries tremen ion of the rank and file of the party will best promote· the public dously enlarged, our national wealth enormously augmented, good. A _political party ·is the voice of millions of men and and our Republic elevated to a preeminent position among the women in the expression of their views on public problems. self-governing States of the world. The ave~age citizen aligns himself with the party that stands And to the end that the American people might not become for the things he stands for ; that advocates principles in har too self-centered and materialistic, through the warp of our mony -with his convictions ; that champions the policies he national fabric the Democratic Party has shot· the woof of believes will best promote the welfare of the Nation; and in exalted_ ideals, ethical aspirations, and transcendant humani choosing his partY, he is not materially influenced by the success tarianism. When we consider its long and eventful career, its or failure of this or that party at the polls ; and ordinarily outstanding accomplishments in constructive statesmanship, its the American people do not abandon their honest opinions and wholesome influence, its unselfish service to the American· we~-considered political convictio-ns because the party that people, its success when encompassed by seemingly insurmount champions these policies is defeated at the ballot box. able obstacles, its resourcefulness and fortitude in adversity, As a rule men hold firmly to their political convictions, and its sublime courage when beset by appalling vicissitudes; although a majority of people may entertain different views the Democratic Party stands preeminent among the political and advocate different policies. . When a man aligns himself parties in the United States and may well be acclaimed the with a certain political party it is reasonable to assume that he Colossus of political organizations of modern times, and Hs believes in the principles and policies advocated by that party feet are not of clay or stubble. and that he will not abandon his party simply because it has Every intelligent Republican knows the Democratic Party· lost the election. If a voter before the election honestly be· will live because it desenes to live. Only those Democrats and lieves his party's policies are right, his faith in the justice of Republicans who are fit subjects for a psychopathic hospital these policies will continue after the election. No election ever prattle about the Democratic Party dying or disintegrating. changed r,ight to wrong or wrong to right. No election ever Though decisively routed in the recent election, the Demo-· made a sound policy unsound or an unsound policy sound. cratic Party, 15,000,000 strong, still carries on. It is rapidly Whatever is right before the election is right•after the election, recovering from the shock: of disappointed hopes and shattered although a majority may be on the other side. Majorities do ambitions. Phrenixlike it emerges from the ashes of defeat. not determine what party principles are right and what party It renews its strength like the young eagles in their ·upward policies are wrong. Principles never change; they are eternal. flight. Its gaping wounds bear mute but eloquent testimony of A political party may be in a hopeless minority, yet its prin its valor and-fortitude. While its livery is somewhat tattered, ciples and policies may be sound, wholesome, and such as will its spirit is undaunted, its arm strong, its shield still capable.: best promote the welfare of the Nation. A conception of gov of turning aside every javelin thrust; .its armor unshattered and ernment that is fundamentally right does not lose its virtue unpierced though red with rust from sanguinary encounters. because a majority of the people reject that policy at the ballot Its sw Mr. GARRETT of Tennessee. lt may have as to general COMMITTEE ON .APPROPRIATIONS pension bills, but I doubt the privilEiged character of this (10.30 a. m.) resolution. However, I reserve all points of order. The SPEAKER. The Chair observes this rule, section 724: Navy DE.'partment appropriation bill. The term " general pension bills " is construed to mean bills or legis COMMITTEE ON THE MEROH.ANT MARINE .AND FISHERIES lation general in character, such as extending the provisions of the (10 a. m.) pension laws to an additional class, as distinguished from bills of a private character. Continuing the powers and authority Of the Federal Radio Commission under the radio act of 1927 (H. R. 15430). 'rhe Committee on Invalid Pensions has that power in general. COMMITTEE ON WAYS .AND ME.ANB SENATE CONCURRENT RESOLUTION REFERB.EJ) (10 a. m. and 2 p. m.) A concurrent resolution of the Senate of the following title Tariff hearings as follows : was taken from the Speaker's table and, under the rule, referred SCHEDULES as follows: S. Con. Res. 31. Concurrent resolution to print the briefs of Wood and manufactures of, January 17, 18. counsel and transcript of record :filed with the Supreme Court Sugar, molasses, and manufactures of, January 21, 22. of the United States in the St. Louis & O'Fallon Railway case Tobacco and manufactures of, January 23. as a Senate document, and for extra copies thereof ; to the Agricultural prooucts and provisions, January 24 25 28. Committee on Printing. Spirits, wines, and other beverages, January 29. ' ' Cotton manufactures, January 30, 31, February 1. BILLS PRESENTED TO THE PRESIDENT Flax, hemp, jute, and manufactures of, February 4, 5. Mr. CAMPBELL, from the Committee on Enrolled Bills, re Wool and manufactures of, February 6. ported that that committee did on January 16, 1929, present to Silk and silk goods, February 11, 12. the President, for his approval, bills of the House of the fol Papers and books, February 13, 14. lowing titles : Sundries, February 15, 18, 19. H. R. 4280. An act to correct the military record of John W. Free list, February 20, 21, 22. Olea vanger, deceased ; Administrative and miscellaneous, February 25. H. R. 5528. An act to enable electricians, radio-electricians, chief electricians,.,. and chief radioelectricians to be appointed to COMMI'ITEE ON AGRICULTURE the grade of ensign ; (10 a.m.) H. R. 5617. An act to limit the date of filing claims for To amend the United States grain standards act by inserting retainer pay ; a new section providing for licensing and establishing labora H. R. 5944. An act for the relief of Walter D. Lovell; tories for making determinations of protein in wheat and oil in H. R. 7209. An act to provide for the care and treatment of flax (H. R. 106). naval patients, on the active or retired-list, in other Government hospitals when naval hospital facilities are not available; COMMITTEE ON THE CIVIL SERVICE H. R. 8327. An act for the relief of certain members of the (10.30 a. m.) Navy and Marine Corps who were discharged because of mis representation of age; To amend the salary rates contained in the compensation H. R. 8859. An act for the relief of Edna E. Snably; schedules of the act of March 4, 1923, entitled "An act to pro H. R. 10157. An act making an additional grant of lands for vide for the classification of civilian positions within the Dis.: the support and maintenance of the .Agricultural College and trict of Columbia and in the field services," and the Welch Act School Mines of the Territory of Alaska, and for other purposes ; approved May 28, 1928, in amendment thereof (H. R. 15389, H. R. 10550. An act to provide for the acquisition by Meyer 15474). Shield Post, No. 92, American Legion, Alva, Okla., of lot 19, To fix the minimum compensation of certain employees of the block 41, the original town site of Alva, Okla. ; United States (H. R. 15467). H. R. 10908. An act for the relief of L. Pickert Fish Co. To amend section 13 of the act of March 4 1923•entitled "An act to provide for the classification of within (Inc.); civili~n p~itions H. R. 11719. An act to revise the boundaries of the Lassen the District of Columbia and in the field services," as amended Volcanic National Park, in the State of California, and for other by the act of May 28, 1928 (H. R. 15853, 16029). purposes; COMMITTEE ON FOREIGN .AFF4-!RS H. R.12775. An act providing for a grant of land to the (10.30 a. m.) county of San Juan, in the State of W~shington, for recreational and public-park purposes ; . Requesting the President to propose the calling of an inter H. R.13249. An act to authorize an increase in the limit of national conference for the simplification of the calendar, or to cost of alterations and repairs to certain naval vessels; accept on behalf of the United States an invitation to partici H. R. 13498. An act for the relief of Clarence P. Smith; pate in such a conference (H. J. Res. 334). H. R.13744. An act to provide for the acquisition by Parker COMMITTEE ON WORLD W .AR VETERANS' LEGISL.ATION-SUBCOMMITTEI!l 1-See-0 Post, No.12, .All-Amei'iean Indian Legion, Lawton, Okla., ON HOSPITALS of the east half northeast quarter northeast quarter northwest (10.30 a. m.) quarter of section 20, township 2 north, range 11 west, Indian meridian, in Comanche County, Okla. ; _ . To authorize an appropriation to provide additional hospital, H. R.14660. An act to authorize alterations and repairs to the domiciliary, and out-patent dispensary facilities for persons U. S. S. Oalf.forrt.ia; entitled to hospitalization under the World War veterans' act, H. R.14922. An act to authorize. an increase in the limit of 1924, as amended (H. R. 15921). cost of two fleet submarines ; H. R. 15067. An act authorizing the State of Louisiana and EXECUTIVE COMMUNICATIONS, ETC. the State of Texas to construct, maintain, and operate a free highway bridge across the Sabine River where Louisiana High Under clause 2 of Rule XXIV, executive communications were way No. 21 meets Texas Highway No. 45; and taken from the Speaker's table and referred as follows : l!l. R. 1508~. An act to provide for the extension of the 746. A communication from the President of the United States, boundary limits of the Lafayette National Park in the State transmitting supplemental estimates of appropriations for the of Maine. Civil Service Commission for the :fiscal year 1929, to remain ADJOURNMENT available until June 30, 1930, amounting to $50,000 (H. Doc. No. 512); to the Committee on Appropriations and ordered to be Mr. WASON. .Mr. Speaker, I move that the House do now printed. · adjourn. 747. A communication from the President of the United States, The motion was agreed to; accordingly (at 4 o'clock and 57 transmitting supplemental estimate of appropriation for the minutes p. m.) the House adjourned until to-morrow, Fliday, United States Employees' Compensation Commission for the January 18, 1929, at 12 o'clock noon. fiscal yea1· ending June 30, 1929, in the sum of $350,000 (H. Doc. No. 513) ; to the Committee on Appropriations and ordered to COMMITTEE HEARINGS be printed. Mr. TILSON submitted the following tentative Jist of com 748. A communication from the President of the United States, mittee hearings S<.'heduled for Friday, January 18, 1929, as transmitting deficiency estimate of appropriation for the Smith· reported to the floor leader by clerks of the several committees: sonian Institution for the fiscal yoor ending June 30, 1926, 1929 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE_ .1895 in the sum of $658.75 (H. Doc. No. 514); to the Committee on REPORTS OF COMl\llTTEES ON PRIVATE BILLS AND Appropriations and ordered to be printed. . RESOLUTIONS . 749. A communication from the President of the Umted States, Under clause 2 of Rule XIII, n·ansmitting supplemental estimates of appropriatiobs for the Mr. HOUSTON of Hawaii: Committee on Naval Affairs. District of Columbia for the fiscal year ending June 3~, 1930, H. R. 13721. A bill for the relief of Edwin I. Chatcuff; with amounting to $1,674,000 (H. Doc. No. 515) ; to the Commtttee on amendment (Rept. No. 2118). Referred to the Committee of Appropriations and ordered to be printed. the Whole House. Mr. QUAYLE: Committee on Naval Affairs. H. R. 13812. A bill for the relief of Lieut. Robert O'Hagan, Supply Corps, REPORTS OF COMMITTEES ON PUBLIC BILLS AND United States Navy; without amendment (Rept. No. 2119). RESOLUTIONS Referred to the Committee of the Whole House. Under clause 2 of Rule XIII, 1\Ir. MILLER: Committee on Naval Affairs. S. 1530. An act Mr. EVANS of Montana : Committee on the Public Lands. for the relief of Gilpin Construction Co. ; with amendment H. R. 14148. A bill to amend the act of 1\Iay 17, 1928, entitled (Rept. No. 2120). Referred to the Committee of the Whole "An act to add certain lands to the Missoula National Forest, House. Mont."; with amendment (Rept. No. 2117). Referred to the Mr. McSWAIN: Committee on Military Affairs. H. R. 14818. · Committee of the Whole House on the state of the Union. A bill to authorize the Secretary of War to grant a right of way Mr. REID of Illinois: Committee on Flood Control. H. R. to the Southern Pacific Railroad Co. across the Benicia Arsenal 14893. A bill to authorize a preliminary survey of Rough Military Reservation, Calif.; without amendment (Rept. No. · Ri>er in Kentucky, with a view to the control of its floods; 2121). Referred to the Committee of the Whole House. without amendment (Rept. No. 2122). Referred to the Com l\Ir. McSWAIN: Committee on Military Affairs. S. 4712. mittee of the Whole House on the state of the Union. An act to authorize the Secretary of War to grant a right of l\Ir. REID of Illinois : Committee on Flood Control. H. R. way to the Southern Pacific Railroad Co. across the Benicia 15809. A bill to authorize a preliminary sm·vey of Mud Creek Arsenal Military Re~ ervation, Calif.; without amendment (Rept. in Kentucky 1 with a view to the control of its floods; without No. 2127 ) . Referred to the Committee of the Whole House. amendment (Rept. No. 2123). Referred to the Committee of Mrs. KAHN : Committee on l\Iilitary Affairs. S. 2439. An the Whole House on the state of the Union. act to amend the military record of Arthur Waldenmeyer; with Mr. LEAVITT : Committee on Indian Affairs. H. R. 13455. amendment (Rept. No. 2128). Referred to the Committee of A bill to authorize the collection of penalUes and fees for stock the Whole House. trespassing on Indian lands ; with amendment (Rept. No. Mr. WURZHACH : Committee on Military Affairs. H. R. 2124). Referred to the Committee of the Whole House on the 12707. A bill for the relief of Julius Victor Keller; without state of the Union. amendment (Rept. No. 2129). Referred to the Committee of Mr. ZlHLMAN: Committee on the District of Columbia. the Whole House. · H. J. Res. 363. A joint resolution autholizing the granting of permits to the Committee on Inaugm·al Ceremonies on the PUBLIC BILLS AND RESOLUTIONS occasion of the inauguration of the President elect in March, Under clause 3 of Rule XXII, public bills and resolutions were 1929, and for other purposes; with amendment (Rept. No. 2125). introduced and severally referred as follows: Referred to the Committee of the Whole House on the state of By l\lr. SNELL: A bill (H. R. 16345) authorizing Frank A. the Union. Augsbury, his heirs, legal representatives, and assigns, to con-. Mr. ZIHLMAN : Committee on the District of Cohimbia. struct, maintain, and operate a bridge across the St. Lawrence S. 1624. An · act to authorize the payment of additional com River near Morristown, N. Y.; to the Committee on Interstate pensation to the assistants to the engineer commissioner of the and Foreign Commerce. District of Columbia; without amendment (Rept. No. 2126). By l\lr. GARBER: A bill (H. R. 16346) to amend the tariff Referred to the Committee of the Whole House on the state of act of 1922; to the Committee on Ways and Means. the Union. . By Mr. CELLER: A bill (H. R. 16347) to amend the bank l\Ir. LEAVITT: Committee on Indian Affairs. H. R. 13977. ruptcy law; to the Committee on the Judiciary. A bill authorizing die Secretary of the Interior through the By Mr. KINCHELOE: A bill (H. R. 16348) to extend the Commissioner of Indian Affairs to settle claims by agreement times for commencing and completing the construction of a arising under operation of Indian irrigation projects; with bridge across the Ohio River approximately midway between amendment (Rept. No. 2130). Referred to the Committee of the city of Owensboro, Ky., and Rockport, Ind.; to the Commit the Whole House on the state of the Union. tee on Interstate and Foreign Commerce. Mr. ENGLEBRIGHT: Committee ori Indian Affairs. H. R. By Mr. GOLDSBOROUGH: A bill (H. R. 16349) authorizing 15092. A bill to authorize an appropriation to pay half the cost V. Calvin Trice, his heirs, legal representatives, and assigns, to of a bridge on the Soboba Indian Reservation, Calif. ; with construct, maintain, and operate a bridge across the Choptank amendment (Rept. No. 2131). Referred to the Committee of River at or near Cambridge, 1\:ld.; to the Committee on Inter the Whole House on the state of the Union. state and F'Oreign Commerce. l\lr. REECE: ·committee on Military Affairs. H. R. 16169. By Mr. CRAIL: A bill (H. R. 16350) .to amend paragraph 10 A bill to authorize the Secretary of War to accept title to u of section 202 of the World War veterans' act of 1924, as certain tract of land adjacent to the Indiana Harbor Ship Canal amended; to the Committee on World War Veterans' Legisla at East Chicago, Ind.; without amendment (Rept. No. 2132). tion. Referred to the Committee of the Whole House on the state of By l\Ir. JAl\IES: A bill (H. R. 16351) to make available for the Union. expenditure at Camp Devens, l\Iass., certain funds appropriated Mr. LEAVI1."'T : Committee on Indian Affairs. H. R. 16248. by the act of December 22, 1927 ; to the Committee on Military A bill for the relief of the Osage Tribe of Indians, and for other Affairs. purposes; without amendment (Rept. No. 2133). Referred to By Mr. LEAVITT : A bill (H. R. 16352) providing that no the Committee of the Whole House on the state of the Union. lands owned by any religious organization within any national Mr. STALKER: Committee on the District of Columbia. S. park can be purchased by condemnation or otherwise by the 3771. An act vacating the alley between lots 16 and 17, square Government, and for other purposes; to the Committee on the 1083, District of Columbia; without anien!)ment (Rept. No. Public Lands. 2134). Referred to the Committee of the Whole House on the By Mr. TAYLOR of Colorado: A bill (H. R. 16353) authoriz_. state of the Union. ing the appointment of cadets to the United States Military l\fr. LEAVITT : Committee on Indian Affairs. H. R. 15523. Academy and midshipmen to 'the United States Naval Academy A bill authorizing representatives of the several States to make from the Canal Zone; to the Committee on l\filitary Affairs. certain inspections and to investigate State sanitary and health By Mr. MANLOVE: A bill (H. R. 16354) to provide for the regulations and school attendance on Indian reservations, In hospitalization and treatment of certain employees of the dian tribal lands, and Indian allotments; with amendment United States; to t~e Committee on the Civil Service. (Rept. No. 2135). Referred to the House Calendar. By Mr. JAMES: A bill (H. R. 16355) to authorize appro Mr. W. T. FITZGERALD: Committee on Invalid Pensions. priations for construction at military posts, and for other pur H. J. Res. 31"9. A joint resolution extending the benefits of the poses; to the Committee on Military Affairs. provisions of the act of Congress approved May l, 1920, the act By Mr. WURZBACH: A bill (H. R. 16356) to authorize the of Congress approved .July 3, 1926, and the act of Congress ap appointment of clerks, the Army War College, as warrant offi proved May 23, 1928, to the Missouri Mi,litia, who served duling cers; to the Committee on Military Affairs. the Civil War; without amendment (Rept. No. 2136). Re By Mr. ROY G. FITZGERALD: Joint resolution (H. J. Res. ferred to the Committee of the Whole HouSQ Qn the state of the 387) to authorize participation by the Up.ited States in -the Union. Interparliamentary Union; to. the Co~~ttee on Foreign Affair~. .1896 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-SENATE JANUARY 18 By 1\fr. SIMMONS: Resolution (H. Res. 289) to print the By Mr. THOMPSON: A bill (H. R. 16378) granting a pen report of the Efficiency Bureau on the fiscal relations between sion to Elizabeth Carter ; to the Committee on Invalid Pensions. the United States and the District of Columbia as a document; By Mr. UNDERHILL: A bill (H. R. 16379) granting an in to the Committee on Printing. crease of pension to Anna M. Buell; to the Committee on By Mr~ TAYLOR of Colorado: Resolution (H. Res.. 290) to Invalid Pensions. create a Committee on Pana~a Canal; to the Committee on By Mr. WURZBACH: A bUl (H. R. 16380) for the relief of Rules. Miles A. Henry, deceased; to the Committee on Naval Affairs. By Mr. WARREN: Resolution (H. Res. 291) to print as a By Mr. ZIIILMAN: A bil1 (H. R. 16381) granting an increase House document the proceedings at Kitty Hawk, N. C., on of pension to Rachel E. Laughlin ; to the Committee on Invalid December 17 1928 commemorating the twenty-fifth anniversary Pensions. of the first afrplaZ:e flight made by Wilbur and Orville Wright; to the Committee on Printing. PETITIONS, ETC. By Mr. LAGUARDIA: Resolution (H. Res. 292) providing for Under clause 1 of Rule XXII, petitions and papers were laid the appointment of a select committee of nine Members for the on the Clerk's desk and referred as follows : Seventieth Congress for the purpose of investigating the ad 8283. By Mr. Al.~DREW : Petition of William S. Tolman ministration of the bankruptcy laws of the United States, and Camp, No. 50, United Spanish War Veterans, and others, urging for other purposes ; to the Committee on Rules. favorable action on House bill 14676, a bill to increase pensions By Mr. REID of Illinois: Resolution (H. Res. 293) pro of Spanish War veterans; to the Committee on Pensions. viding for the appointment of a select committee of 11 Members 8284. By Mr. CULLEN: Petition of the New York Command for the Seventieth Congress for the purpose of investigating ery of the Naval Orde:r: of the United States, favoring construc the administration of the bankruptcy laws of the United States, tion of the 15 cruisery; to the Committee on Naval Affairs. and for other purposes ; to the Committee on Rules. 8285. By Mr. GARBER: Petition of the. In