EUROPEAN young L EADERS 13-15 SEPTEMBER 2018 EUROPEAN YOUNG LEADERS (EYL40) RE-KINDLING THE FIRE REPORT OF THE 3 DAYS SEMINAR IN VALLETTA The European Young Leaders (EYL40) programme led by Friends of Europe is a unique, inventive and multi-stakeholder programme that aims to promote a European identity by engaging the continent’s most promising talents in initiatives that will shape Europe’s future. With the support of: The European Commission support for the production of this publication does not constitute an endorsement of the contents which reflects the views only of the authors, and the Commission cannot be held responsible for any use which may be made of the information contained therein. We are also grateful to the Bank of Valletta, Transport Malta, Malta Tourism Authority, the Office of the President of the Republic, the Ministry for European Affairs and Equality and the Malta Council for Science and Technology for the support offered to the seminar. Re-kindling the fire | Autumn 2018 3 CONTENTS Executive summary 5 The fightback 7 Meeting the Maltese 10 Housing and healthcare 13 Good robot, bad human? 17 #Europematters 19 European Young Leaders 22 Speakers & moderators 30 Lists of Participants 34 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 1. Malcolm Byrne, Head of Communications at Higher Education Authority in Ireland & EYL 2. Julia Kloiber, Founder of Code for Germany and Senior Fellow at Mozilla Foundation 3. Giselle Frederick, Founder & CEO of Zingr 4. Radoslaw Martin Cichy, Research Group Leader in Neurscience at Free University of Berlin & EYL 5. Barbara Prainsack, Political Science Professor at the University of Vienna and King’s College London 6. Helena Dalli, Maltese Minister for 6. European Affairs and Equality Re-kindling the fire | Autumn 2018 5 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY The European Young Leaders (EYL40) seminar in Malta was all about solutions. The main problem is clear: a populist surge threatens not only Europe’s post-World War II integration, but the very foundations of the Western liberal-democratic order. How to stem that surge, present credible alternatives for voters wooed by far-right siren calls and re-kindle enthusiasm for Europe’s embattled unity project, were the core issues over the three days of debate. The EYL40 seminar contained plenty of hopeful signs. Concrete examples from Switzerland, the Netherlands and Malta itself showed citizens and politicians thwarting populist ambitions by standing up for liberal values. Young Leaders set themselves the task of broadening that fightback, generating ideas – from empowering citizens through participatory democracy, to values-based social-media campaigns – to wrestle back the initiative from the new nationalists. Ideas will be taken forward in Friends of Europe’s #EuropeMatters initiative designed to craft recommendations for policymakers and set a fresh path for the European Union ahead of next year’s European Parliament elections and the selection of a new European Commission. Friends of Europe launched the EYL40 programme in 2011, harnessing the talents of 40 of the brightest 40-and-under minds to debate challenges facing the continent. Under the heading “Re-Kindling the Fire”, the Malta gathering was the second for the 2018 cohort who come from 25 countries and bring experience in fields ranging from politics, industry and civil society, to science, journalism and classical music. Themes covered in the debates and roundtables, attended by almost 40 past-and-present Young Leaders in Malta, included healthcare in the digital age, housing inequality, the future of journalism, women in tech and prospects for colonising space. As with the previous seminar, in Warsaw last March, a public session gave Maltese citizens and visiting Young Leaders a chance to brainstorm on the key question of how Europe can re-engage with voters. Fondazione Cariplo is an Italian grant-making foundation that operates with the sole purpose of pursuing the social good and promoting economic development. The Foundation does not act in lieu of others: since its establishment, it has played a crucial catalyser role, convening, leveraging resources and fostering a participatory and collaborative approach among key stakeholders from the civil society, the private and the public sector. Inspired by the principle of subsidiarity, the Foundation fosters the analysis and anticipation of social needs, supports the development, testing and as the dissemination of successful practices. Ranked among the most important philanthropic institutions in the international arena, Fondazione Cariplo has enabled the accomplishment realm – providing over €3 billion in grants since 1991. Re-kindling the fire | Autumn 2018 7 THE FIGHTBACK Flavia Kleiner is a winner. Her Operation Libero movement spearheads Switzerland’s fightback against the far-right. In 2016, it turned around polls to secure a referendum victory against a populist initiative designed to deport foreigners convicted of even minor crimes. “We want to protect this liberal democratic order,“ she told the Young Leaders. “Everyone needs to be a fighter, we need to step out of our comfort zones.” Her determination targeted voters with a simple message: the far-right’s agenda was taking a wrecking ball to Switzerland’s time-honoured values of liberty and tolerance. It was unpatriotic to support it. Kleiner’s story shows how to counter populist arguments and win “Creating our own moral voters back with principled arguments. “We don’t want to live in issues battlefield. It means a country where there are second-class citizens, “ Kleiner added. “To win this vote we needed to speak more to conservative voters, that we don’t sing their song, we don’t need to speak to the left.” we sing our own song” She insisted on taking the initiative and “creating our own moral issues battlefield” to confront populists with proactive positive Flavia Kleiner agreements, rather than fighting them on their own ground and Co-President and Co-Founder reacting to their initiatives. “It means that we don’t sing their song, of Operation Libero we sing our own song,” Kleiner insisted. Replicating Operation Libero’s success on a wider scale, by crafting campaigns that can take the momentum away from the radical right at European level, was a pivotal theme of the Malta EYL meeting. Jesse Klaver, Leader of the GroenLinks party in the Dutch Parliament and 2018 European Young Leader, explained how his party managed to more than triple its vote in last year’s parliamentary elections and leapfrog the far-right in opinion polls since then. It’s heading towards the European Parliament election as the Netherlands’ second most- popular party. “We have to be smarter than the right-wing,“ Klaver said. To do that, GroenLinks uses big-data technology to make sure it can respond to voters concerns without compromising its principles on issues such as immigration, he added. “We have to stop them and therefore we have to make use of big data. The way to do that is through trust. We asked people if we could have their data. We tell people exactly what we are doing and what we are not doing with this data,” Klaver told the group. “People love politicians who are honest.” 8 Friends of Europe - European Young Leaders (EYL40) A full understanding of why voters turn to the far-right is key to building a fightback strategy, said Matthew Goodwin, Politics and International Relations Professor at the University of Kent, writer on populism and 2018 European Young Leader. It’s not down to economic gripes, he insisted. “If this were about austerity it would be so much easier, “ Goodwin said. “ Why people are voting for these parties: mainly because of concerns over immigration … It is about values, about identities, it’s about fears that a way of life is under threat.” Citing the Brexit referendum, Goodwin contended that counter- campaigns on economic data won’t work. Positive arguments that trigger an emotional response are needed. “For progressives to get back in the game, you are going to have to have an impassioned debate on what more Europe can do.” “If this were about austerity In the discussion, Ayman Mhanna, MENA Young Leader and it would be so much easier Executive Director of the Samir Kassir Foundation which promotes media freedom in the Middle East, was concerned people are not (…) It is about values, about fully aware of the risk populism poses. “Maybe we are not totally identities, it’s about fears that waking up to the dangers. It’s still abstract in peoples’ minds,” he said. a way of life is under threat” Mary Fitzgerald, European Yong Leader, Journalist and Libya analyst, Matthew Goodwin highlighted the role of the press in pushing a nationalist agenda Politics and International Relations Professor during the Brexit campaign. “These people do have a voice,” she at the University of Kent, writer on populism said. “The British media is dominated by the euro-sceptic, populist and 2018 European Young Leader press.” Host country Malta, like Spain and Portugal, has managed to avoid the rise of the populist right which has swept over most of the European Union. Aaron Farrugia, European Young Leader and Malta’s Parliamentary Secretary for EU Funds and Social Dialogue asserted that direct engagement with the public by politicians from Malta’s mainstream parties had denied space to the far right. “The reason why we don’t have any extreme parties is that there is no gap for them to fill,” he said. On a wider level, re-building trust between citizens and politicians is key to injecting new impetus into democracy, argued Jon Alexander, Founder of The New Citizenship Project, a social initiative that helps catalyse the shift towards a more participatory society. He argued for leadership that inspires change. “We believe that people do want to make things better,” Alexander said.