DOCSLIB.ORG

363 Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm (AAA) Demographics and Natural

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
363 Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm (AAA) Demographics and Natural Index Abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) necrosis , 141 demographics and natural history , 77 presentation , 139–140 elective AAA repair , 79–80 severe acute pancreatitis , 141 EVAR , 80 severity, evaluation of , 139–141 imaging and surveillance , 77–78 Acute pelvic pain indications , 78–79 bladder , 320 infl ammatory aneurysms , 80–81 cervix/uterus preoperative considerations , 79 clinical diagnosis , 320 ruptured AAA repair , 79 dysmenorrhea , 321 Abdominal ultrasound , 292 endometritis , 321 Abdominal wall defects leiomyomata , 321 anatomy , 233 uterine perforation , 320–321 enterotomy , 237 fallopian tube , 321 history , 233 ovary imaging and preoperative workup , 233, 235 endometriosis , 321–322 mesh infection , 236 Mittelschmerz , 321 operative repair ovarian torsion , 321 laparoscopic approach , 236 PID/TOA , 321 nonsynthetic/natural tissue mesh , 236 ruptured ovarian cyst , 322 polypropylene mesh , 235 treatment algorithm , 319, 320 PTFE , 236 vagina synthetic mesh products , 235 diagnosis , 319 physical examination , 233 foreign bodies , 320 seromas , 236 laceration , 319 types , 233, 234 vaginal cuff dehiscence , 320 Abdominoperineal resection (APR) vulva , 319 anal cancer , 199 Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) , 347 low anterior resection , 195 Acute tubular necrosis (ATN) , 241, 337, 339 Achalasia , 129 Adnexal masses Acral lentiginous melanoma , 266 differential diagnosis , 323, 324 Actinomyces , 272 management of , 323, 324 Acute cold leg prevalence , 323 decision making , 71–72 radiographic modality , 323 history , 71 treatment algorithm , 323, 325 physical examination , 71 ultrasound features , 323, 324 Acute liver failure , 243 Alcoholic liver disease , 244 Acute pancreatitis Alpha fetoprotein (AFP) , 284 edematous changes , 142 American Society for Radiation Oncology (ASTRO) , 262 ERCP , 142 American College of Surgeons Oncology Group , 255 fl uid collection , 142 American Society of Breast Surgeons , 256 mild acute pancreatitis , 139, 141 American urological association (AUA) , 305 T.J. Saclarides et al. (eds.), Common Surgical Diseases: An Algorithmic Approach to Problem Solving, 363 DOI 10.1007/978-1-4939-1565-1, © Springer New York 2015 364 Index Anal adenocarcinoma , 200 initial management , 49 Anal cancer positive fl uid and solid organ injury , 50 anatomy , 197, 198 positive fl uid without solid organ injury , 50 APR , 199 Bowen’s disease , 199 Bowen’s disease , 199 Branchial cleft cysts , 271 diagnosis , 197, 199 Breast cancer inguinal lymph nodes , 199 algorithm , 263, 264 location , 199 BRCA1 and BRCA2 genes , 263 lymphoma , 200 BRCA3 gene , 263 melanoma , 200 clinical and pathologic characteristics , 263 Paget’s disease , 200 recurrence rate , 264 signs and symptoms , 197 risk factors , 264 staging , 199 Breast conserving therapy (BCT) , 262 treatment algorithm , 197, 198 Breast Imaging-Reporting and Data System (BI-RADS) , Anemia , 351 249, 253, 254 Angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors , 338 Bright red blood per rectum (BRBPR) , 205–206 Anorectal pain Budd-Chiari syndrome , 245 anal fi ssure , 201 Burn injuries anorectal infection , 202–203 primary survey hemorrhoids , 203 airway , 61 history and physical examination , 201, 202 breathing , 61 LAS , 201–202 circulation , 61 Anticoagulants secondary survey , 62–63 dabigatran , 13–15 treatment algorithm , 62 procedural bleeding risks , 13 thrombosis risks , 12–13 Carcinoid disease warfarin , 13 appendiceal carcinoids , 227 Appendiceal carcinoids , 227 diagnosis and treatment , 225, 226 Appendicitis gastric carcinoids , 225–226 diagnosis , 169–170 metastatic disease history and physical exam , 169 carcinoid heart disease , 228 management , 170–171 carcinoid syndrome , 228 Attenuated familial adenomatous polyposis (AFAP) , 190 hepatic involvement , 227 Axillary lymph node dissection (ALND) , 255, 256, 262 pulmonary carcinoid tumors , 225 rectal carcinoids , 227 Basal cell carcinoma serotonin and 5-HTP , 225 lymphoma , 200 small bowel carcinoids , 226–227 Paget’s disease , 200 Cardiac tamponade , 42, 355 Benign neoplasms , 273 Carotid bruit Benign prostatic hypertrophy (BPH) , 305 background , 17 Bilateral spontaneous discharge , 259 carotid artery stenting , 18 Bladder carotid endarterectomy , 17–18 differential diagnosis and management , 56 evaluation , 17 urologic imaging , 55 medical management , 17 Bleeding post-operative management , 18 causes , 7 Cat scratch disease , 273 lower gastrointestinal hemorrhage , 185–186 Cervix pelvic fractures , 51–52 clinical diagnosis , 320 preoperative evaluation dysmenorrhea , 321 antiplatelet agents , 7 endometritis , 321 coagulation factor defects , 9–10 leiomyomata , 321 disseminated intravascular coagulation , 9 uterine perforation , 320–321 herbs and compounds , 8 Chest pain medications , 7–8 cardiac etiology , 343–344 patient’s family history , 7 defi nition , 343, 344 platelet dysfunction , 9 gastrointestinal causes , 344–345 Blood pressure (BP) , 355 patient evaluation , 343 Blunt abdominal trauma patient history , 343 FAST examination , 49–50 pulmonary , 344 Index 365 vascular disorders , 345 Crohn’s disease vital signs , 345 diagnosis , 161–162 Chlamydia trachomatis , 327 manifestations , 161 Cholelithiasis medical treatment , 162 asymptomatic cholelithiasis , 209, 210 surgery , 162–163 symptomatic cholelithiasis Cushing’s syndrome acute cholecystitis , 209–210 ACTH-dependent cause , 96 biliary pancreatitis , 211 diagnosis , 95–96 chronic cholecystitis , 211 inferior petrosal sinus sampling , 96 duct stones , 210–211 signs and symptoms , 95 gallstone ileus , 211 treatment , 97 Cholestatic diseases , 244 Chronic kidney disease (CKD). See Renal transplantation Dabigatran , 13–15 Chronic lower extremity ischemia DCIS. See Ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) angiography , 68–69 Deep venous thrombosis (DVT) prophylaxis critical limb ischemia , 67 chemical VTE prophylaxis , 20–21 functional limb ischemia , 67 contraindications , 21–22 history , 67 regimens , 20 interventions , 69 risk assessment , 19–20 medical management , 69–70 treatment algorithm , 21 noninvasive diagnostic studies , 67–68 Delayed cholecystectomy , 210 physical exam , 67 Diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) , 337 treatment algorithm , 68 Dialysis Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) , 343, 352 access planning , 82–83 Chronic pancreatitis hemodialysis Beger procedure , 144 autogenous primary fi stula , 85 complications , 145 autogenous secondary fi stulas , 85 diagnosis , 143–144 non-autogenous grafts , 85–86 etiology and pathogenesis , 143 permanent catheters , 85 fi brotic gland , 145 preoperative assessment , 83–84 Frey procedure , 145 incidence , 82 localized infl ammatory process , 145 indications , 82 modifi ed Puestow procedure , 144 peritoneal dialysis pancreatic leak and pleural fi stulas , 145 catheter insertion techniques , 86–87 presentation and physical examination , 143 complications and management , 87 pseudocysts , 144 pediatric considerations , 87 puestow procedure , 145 preoperative assessment , 86 Clostridium diffi cile , 342 Diaphyseal fractures , 59 Colon cancer Diffi cult airway management postoperative period , 183 algorithm , 35 preoperative assessment , 182 cricothyrotomy , 34 screening , 181–182 defi nition , 33 surgical resection , 182–183 elective tracheostomy , 36 Colorectal cancer emergent tracheostomy , 34 AFAP , 190 Mallampati classifi cation , 33, 34 familial colorectal cancer , 191 noninvasive airway techniques , 33 FAP , 189–190 patient history , 33 Gardner’s syndrome , 191 urgent tracheostomy , 36 HCRCS , 189 videolaryngoscopy , 34 HNPCC , 191 Disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC) , 9 Juvenile polyposis syndrome , 191 Diverticulitis MAP , 190 background , 173 Peutz-Jegher’s syndrome , 191 differential diagnosis , 173 Turcot’s syndrome , 191 fi stula , 174–175 Compartment syndrome , 57 initial evaluation , 173 Congenital neck masses , 271 mild diverticulitis , 173 Continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) , 348 moderate to severe diverticulitis , 174 Costovertebral angle (CVA) , 306 percutaneous abscess drainage , 175 Cricothyrotomy , 34 peritonitis , 173–174 Critical limb ischemia , 67 timing of surgery , 175 366 Index Ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) Gallbladder , 279 ALND , 262 Gastric carcinoids , 225–226 DCIS subtypes , 261 Gastrinoma diagnosis , 261 background , 111 follow-up mammography , 262 diagnosis , 111 mastectomy , 261–262 localization , 111–112 risk factors , 261 medical management , 112 SLN biopsy , 262 presentation , 111 treatment algorithm , 262 surgical treatment , 112–113 Duhamel procedure , 297 Gastroesophageal refl ux disease (GERD) , 343 Dysphagia evaluation and initial management , 137 barium swallow study , 129 incidence , 137 cancer , 131 patient presentation , 137 diverticula , 129–130 surgical management , 137–138 gastroesophageal refl ux , 131 Gastrointestinal (GI) tract , 283 history and physical exam , 129 Genitourinary (GU) tract , 283 obstruction , 130–131 Glanzmann thrombasthenia , 9 primary motility disorders , 129 Gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) , 322 Graves disease , 101 Electrocardiographic (ECG) , 73–74 Gustilo-Anderson classifi cation system , 58 Endometriosis , 321, 322 Endometritis , 321 HD. See Hirschsprung’s disease (HD) Endoscopic cholangiography (ERCP) , 214 Head trauma Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography air sinus fractures , 31 (ERCP) , 211, 281 blunt head trauma , 30 Endoscopic therapy , 223 CSF fi stula , 31 Endoscopic ultrasound (EUS) , 210, 214 laboratory evaluation , 29 Endovascular AAA repair (EVAR) , 80 neurological evaluation ,
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Biological and Histological Assessment of the Hepatoportoenterostomy Role in Biliary Atresia As a Stand-Alone Procedure Or As a Bridge Toward Liver Transplantation
    medicina Article Biological and Histological Assessment of the Hepatoportoenterostomy Role in Biliary Atresia as a Stand-Alone Procedure or as a Bridge toward Liver Transplantation Raluca-Cristina Apostu 1, Vlad Fagarasan 1 , Catalin C. Ciuce 1, Radu Drasovean 1 , Dan Gheban 2, Radu Razvan Scurtu 1,*, Alina Grama 3, Ana Cristina Stefanescu 3, Constantin Ciuce 1 and Tudor Lucian Pop 3 1 Department of Surgery, “Iuliu Hatieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy Cluj-Napoca, 8 Victor Babes Street, 400000 Cluj-Napoca; First Surgical Clinic, Emergency County Hospital, 3-5 Clinicilor Street, 400006 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; [email protected] or [email protected] (R.-C.A.); [email protected] (V.F.); [email protected] (C.C.C.); [email protected] (R.D.); [email protected] (C.C.) 2 Department of Pathology, “Iuliu Hatieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy Cluj-Napoca, 8 Victor Babes Street, 400000 Cluj-Napoca; 4 th Pediatric Clinic, Emergency Clinical Hospital for Children, 68 Motilor Street, 400000 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; [email protected] 3 Department of Pediatrics, “Iuliu Hatieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy Cluj-Napoca, 8 Victor Babes Street, 400000 Cluj-Napoca; 2nd Pediatric Clinic, Emergency Clinical Hospital for Children, 400177 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; [email protected] (A.G.); [email protected] (A.C.S.); [email protected] (T.L.P.) * Correspondence: [email protected]; Tel.: +40-744-704-012 Abstract: Background and objectives: In patients with biliary atresia (BA), hepatoportoenterostomy (HPE) is still a valuable therapeutic tool for prolonged survival or a safer transition to liver transplantation. Citation: Apostu, R.-C.; Fagarasan, V.; The main focus today is towards efficient screening programs, a faster diagnostic, and prompt treatment.
    [Show full text]
  • Intrahepatic Cysts in Biliary Atresia Aftersuccessful
    Arch Dis Child: first published as 10.1136/adc.59.3.274 on 1 March 1984. Downloaded from 274 Sinaasappel, den Ouden, Luyendijk, and Degenhart The reason for the patient's persistent vomiting in 3 Menke JA, Stallworth RE, Bindstadt DH, Strano AJ, the first five months of life may well have been Wallace SE. Medication bezoar in a neonate. Am J Dis Child 1982;136:72-3. a slower development of his antireflux mechanism, 4 Metlay LA, Klionsky BC. An unusual gastric bezoar in a but we have not been able to confirm this newborn: polystyrene resin and candida albicans. J Pediatr hypothesis. 1983;102:121-3. 5 Portuguez-Malavasi A, Aranda JV. Antacid bezoar in a newborn. Pediatrics 1979;63:679- 80. References 6 Hewitt GJ, Benham ES. A complication of gaviscon in' a neonate-'the gavisconoma'. Aust Paediatr J 1976;12:47-8. O'Brien D, Rodgerson DO, Ibbott FA. Laboratory manual of pediatric micro- and ultramicro biochemical techniques. 4th ed. Correspondence to Dr M Sinaasappel, Department of Paediatrics, New York: Harper & Row, 1968:231. Gastro-enterological Division, Erasmus University and University 2 Schreiner RL, Lemons JA, Gresham EL. A new complication Hospital, Rotterdam, The Netherlands. of nutritial management of the low-birth-weight infant. Pediat- rics 1979;63:683-4. Received 7 November 1983 Intrahepatic cysts in biliary atresia after successful hepatoportoenterostomy S SAITO, T NISHINA, AND Y TSUCHIDA Department ofPaediatric Surgery, University of Tokyo, Japan SUMMARY A patient with an unusual association of dilated and cord like portions of the extrahepatic biliary atresia and two intrahepatic cysts is reported.
    [Show full text]
  • American Surgical Association
    AMERICAN SURGICAL ASSOCIATION Program of the 131st Annual Meeting Boca Raton Resort & Club Boca Raton, Florida Thursday, April 14th Friday, April 15th Saturday, April 16th 2011 Table of Contents Officers and Council ....................................................................2 Committees ..................................................................................3 Foundation Trustees.....................................................................5 Representatives ............................................................................6 Future Meetings ...........................................................................7 General Information.....................................................................8 Continuing Medical Education Accreditation Information........10 AMERICAN Program Committee Disclosure List..........................................13* SURGICAL Faculty Disclosure List...............................................................13* Author Disclosure List...............................................................14* ASSOCIATION Discussant Disclosure List.........................................................22* Schedule-at-a-Glance.................................................................24 Program Outline.........................................................................26 Program Program Detail and Abstracts.....................................................41 of the Alphabetical Directory of Fellows.............................................94* 131st Annual
    [Show full text]
  • Copyright © ESPGHAN and NASPGHAN. All Rights Reserved
    Journal of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition, Publish Ahead of Print DOI : 10.1097/MPG.0000000000002836 Cholangitis in Patients with Biliary Atresia Receiving Hepatoportoenterostomy: A National Database Study Katherine Cheng, M.D.1 Jean P. Molleston, M.D.2 William E. Bennett, Jr., M.D., M.S.2,3 1. Department of Pediatrics, 2. Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Department of Pediatrics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 3. Section of Pediatric and Adolescent Comparative Effectiveness Research, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA Abstract: Introduction: Biliary atresia (BA) is a progressive form of liver disease in the neonatal period usually requiring hepatoportoenterostomy (HPE). Cholangitis is a common sequelae of HPE, but data about which patients are at risk for this complication are limited. Objective: To determine risk factors associated with cholangitis in a large retrospective cohort after HPE. Methods: The Pediatric Health Information System (PHIS) was queried for BA (ICD-9 975.61) and HPE (ICD-9-CM 51.37) admissions from 2004-2013. We performed univariate Copyright © ESPGHAN and NASPGHAN. All rights reserved. analysis and linear regression with dependent variables of ≥ 2 or ≥ 5 episodes of cholangitis, and independent variables of age at time of HPE, race, ethnicity, gender, insurance, ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA) use, steroid use, presence of esophageal varices (EV), and portal hypertension (PH). Results: We identified 1,112 subjects with a median age at HPE of 63 days and median number of cholangitis episodes of 2 within 2 years. On multiple regression analysis, black race (OR 1.51, p = 0.044) and presence of PH (OR 2.24, p < 0.001) were associated with increased risk of ≥ 2 episodes of cholangitis, while HPE at > 90 days was associated with less risk (OR 0.46, p = 0.001).
    [Show full text]
  • Total Serum Bilirubin Within 3&Nbsp
    Total Serum Bilirubin within 3 Months of Hepatoportoenterostomy Predicts Short-Term Outcomes in Biliary Atresia Benjamin L. Shneider, MD1, John C. Magee, MD2, Saul J. Karpen, MD, PhD3, Elizabeth B. Rand, MD4, Michael R. Narkewicz, MD5, Lee M. Bass, MD6, Kathleen Schwarz, MD7, Peter F. Whitington, MD6, Jorge A. Bezerra, MD8, Nanda Kerkar, MD9, Barbara Haber, MD10, Philip Rosenthal, MD11, Yumirle P. Turmelle, MD12, Jean P. Molleston, MD13, Karen F. Murray, MD14, Vicky L. Ng, MD15, Kasper S. Wang, MD16, Rene Romero, MD17, Robert H. Squires, MD18, Ronen Arnon, MD19, Averell H. Sherker, MD20, Jeffrey Moore, MS21, Wen Ye, PhD21, and Ronald J. Sokol, MD5, on behalf of the Childhood Liver Disease Research Network (ChiLDReN)* Objectives To prospectively assess the value of serum total bilirubin (TB) within 3 months of hepatoportoenter- ostomy (HPE) in infants with biliary atresia as a biomarker predictive of clinical sequelae of liver disease in the first 2 years of life. Study design Infants with biliary atresia undergoing HPE between June 2004 and January 2011 were enrolled in a prospective, multicenter study. Complications were monitored until 2 years of age or the earliest of liver transplan- tation (LT), death, or study withdrawal. TB below 2 mg/dL (34.2 mM) at any time in the first 3 months (TB <2.0, all others TB $2) after HPE was examined as a biomarker, using Kaplan-Meier survival and logistic regression. Results Fifty percent (68/137) of infants had TB <2.0 in the first 3 months after HPE. Transplant-free survival at 2 years was significantly higher in the TB <2.0 group vs TB $2 (86% vs 20%, P < .0001).
    [Show full text]
  • Biliary Atresia and Liver Transplant
    www.GIKids.org Biliary Atresia and Liver Transplant What is Biliary Atresia? Biliary Atresia (BA) is an inflammatory process of unknown cause that affects the bile ducts (the tubes that carry digestive juices from the liver to the intestine. Bile ducts are part of the “plumbing system” (or the network of tubes and passageways) that carry bile from the liver to the small intestine to help us to digest fats in our food (see figure). Biliary atresia means that bile and other compounds made by the liver (such as bilirubin, a breakdown product of red blood cells) can’t go into the intestine, and build up in the liver, causing liver damage. What causes Biliary Atresia? • jaundice (yellowing of the skin and eyes) Nobody knows yet why BA happens. It is most likely related to genetic and environmental influences, but we don’t • dark, tea-colored urine know enough about this yet. Lots of research is happening • pale, clay colored stool (that does not contain to try to find more answers. brown, yellow or green color) How common is Biliary Atresia? How is Biliary Atresia diagnosed? BA occurs in one in 8,000-20,000 live births. It is the It is important to make the diagnosis of BA early (ideally most common reason for young children needing liver before 60 days of life). This is because the long-term transplantation. BA most commonly occurs as an isolated outcome depends on the age when the first surgery to problem, meaning that the infant just has this problem treat BA is performed.
    [Show full text]
  • LIVER DISEASE in CHILDREN a Number of Liver Diseases Affect Children
    HOW COVERAGE OF MEDICAL FOODS CAN SAVE LIVES & COSTS LIVER DISEASE IN CHILDREN A number of liver diseases affect children. While some conditions are treatable and potentially reversible, many result in chronic liver disease and require transplantation. The incidence of chronic liver disease in children is unknown but relatively rare. For example, biliary atresia (the most common reason for liver transplantation in children) occurs in roughly one in 10,000 to 20,000 live births. The liver performs a number of important roles in the body, including filtering or detoxifying the blood; producing or digesting nutrients (like fats, proteins, and sugars); and storing those nutrients to release in the body as needed. The liver primarily eliminates toxins and other materials through the production and subsequent release of bile into the intestines. Bile also plays an important role in absorbing certain fats and vitamins (A, D, E and K) from food. Therefore, when bile production is altered or if bile cannot be excreted (like with chronic liver disease), children develop fat and vitamin deficiencies. Possible symptoms or complications of these deficiencies include diarrhea, poor growth, rashes, poor wound healing, a weakened immune system, excessive bleeding, broken bones, and neurologic deficits, among others. These complications can be prevented, however, with vitamin replacement therapy and specialized nutrition. Specific formulas (such as Pregestimil) contain a high percentage of medium chain triglycerides (MCT), a fat that can be absorbed in the intestine without bile. In fact, MCT is the only fat that can be absorbed this way; it is for this reason specialized formulas with high MCT concentrations are used in children with chronic liver disease.
    [Show full text]
  • Serum MMP-7 in the Diagnosis of Biliary Atresia
    Serum MMP-7 in the Diagnosis of Biliary Atresia Jingying Jiang, MD, Junfeng Wang, MD, PhD, Zhen Shen, MD, Xuexin Lu, MD, Gong Chen, MD, Yanlei Huang, MD, Rui Dong, MD, PhD, Shan Zheng, MD, PhD BACKGROUND: The overlapping features of biliary atresia (BA) and other neonatal cholestasis with abstract alternative causes (non-BA) have posed challenges for diagnosis. Matrix metalloproteinase-7 (MMP-7) has been reported to be promising in diagnosing BA. We aimed to validate the diagnostic accuracy of MMP-7 for BA in a large population sample. METHODS: We enrolled 288 patients with neonatal obstructive jaundice from March 2017 to October 2018. Serum MMP-7 levels were measured by using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Receiver operating characteristic curves were constructed, and decision curve analysis was done. A Pearson correlation coefficient test was conducted to assess the correlation between MMP-7 levels and other characteristics. RESULTS: The median serum MMP-7 levels were 38.89 ng/mL (interquartile range: 22.96–56.46) for the BA group and 4.4 ng/mL (interquartile range: 2.73–6.56) for the non-BA group (P , .001). The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve value was 0.9829 for MMP-7, and the sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value were 95.19%, 93.07%, 97.27%, and 91.43%, respectively, at a cutoff value of 10.37 ng/mL. When MMP-7 was combined with g glutamyl transferase, the diagnostic accuracy was slightly improved without significance when compared with MMP-7 alone and had an area under the curve of 0.9880 (P = .08).
    [Show full text]
  • Recent Advances in Understanding Biliary Atresia[Version 1; Peer
    F1000Research 2019, 8(F1000 Faculty Rev):218 Last updated: 17 JUL 2019 REVIEW Recent advances in understanding biliary atresia [version 1; peer review: 3 approved] Andrew Wehrman 1, Orith Waisbourd-Zinman1,2, Rebecca G Wells3 1Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA 2Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Schneider Children's Medical Center of Israel, Petach-Tiqva, Israel 3Medicine and Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA First published: 25 Feb 2019, 8(F1000 Faculty Rev):218 ( Open Peer Review v1 https://doi.org/10.12688/f1000research.16732.1) Latest published: 25 Feb 2019, 8(F1000 Faculty Rev):218 ( https://doi.org/10.12688/f1000research.16732.1) Reviewer Status Abstract Invited Reviewers Biliary atresia (BA) is a neonatal liver disease characterized by progressive 1 2 3 obstruction and fibrosis of the extrahepatic biliary tree as well as fibrosis and inflammation of the liver parenchyma. Recent studies found that infants version 1 who will go on to develop BA have elevated direct bilirubin levels in the first published few days of life, suggesting that the disease starts in utero. The etiology and 25 Feb 2019 pathogenesis of BA, however, remain unknown. Here, we discuss recent studies examining potential pathogenetic mechanisms of BA, including genetic susceptibility, involvement of the immune system, and F1000 Faculty Reviews are written by members of environmental insults such as viruses and toxins, although it is possible that the prestigious F1000 Faculty. They are there is not a single etiological agent but rather a large group of injurious commissioned and are peer reviewed before insults that result in a final common pathway of extrahepatic bile duct publication to ensure that the final, published version obstruction and liver fibrosis.
    [Show full text]
  • NOMESCO Classification of Surgical Procedures
    NOMESCO Classification of Surgical Procedures NOMESCO Classification of Surgical Procedures 87:2009 Nordic Medico-Statistical Committee (NOMESCO) NOMESCO Classification of Surgical Procedures (NCSP), version 1.14 Organization in charge of NCSP maintenance and updating: Nordic Centre for Classifications in Health Care WHO Collaborating Centre for the Family of International Classifications in the Nordic Countries Norwegian Directorate of Health PO Box 700 St. Olavs plass 0130 Oslo, Norway Phone: +47 24 16 31 50 Fax: +47 24 16 30 16 E-mail: [email protected] Website: www.nordclass.org Centre staff responsible for NCSP maintenance and updating: Arnt Ole Ree, Centre Head Glen Thorsen, Trine Fresvig, Expert Advisers on NCSP Nordic Reference Group for Classification Matters: Denmark: Søren Bang, Ole B. Larsen, Solvejg Bang, Danish National Board of Health Finland: Jorma Komulainen, Matti Mäkelä, National Institute for Health and Welfare Iceland: Lilja Sigrun Jonsdottir, Directorate of Health, Statistics Iceland Norway: Øystein Hebnes, Trine Fresvig, Glen Thorsen, KITH, Norwegian Centre for Informatics in Health and Social Care Sweden: Lars Berg, Gunnar Henriksson, Olafr Steinum, Annika Näslund, National Board of Health and Welfare Nordic Centre: Arnt Ole Ree, Lars Age Johansson, Olafr Steinum, Glen Thorsen, Trine Fresvig © Nordic Medico-Statistical Committee (NOMESCO) 2009 Islands Brygge 67, DK-2300 Copenhagen Ø Phone: +45 72 22 76 25 Fax: +45 32 95 54 70 E-mail: [email protected] Cover by: Sistersbrandts Designstue, Copenhagen Printed by: AN:sats - Tryk & Design a-s, Copenhagen 2008 ISBN 978-87-89702-69-8 PREFACE Preface to NOMESCO Classification of Surgical Procedures Version 1.14 The Nordic Medico-Statistical Committee (NOMESCO) published the first printed edition of the NOMESCO Classification of Surgical Procedures (NCSP) in 1996.
    [Show full text]
  • Use of Corticosteroids After Hepatoportoenterostomy for Bile Drainage in Infants with Biliary Atresia the START Randomized Clinical Trial
    Research Original Investigation Use of Corticosteroids After Hepatoportoenterostomy for Bile Drainage in Infants With Biliary Atresia The START Randomized Clinical Trial Jorge A. Bezerra, MD; Cathie Spino, DSc; John C. Magee, MD; Benjamin L. Shneider, MD; Philip Rosenthal, MD; Kasper S. Wang, MD; Jessi Erlichman, MPH; Barbara Haber, MD; Paula M. Hertel, MD; Saul J. Karpen, MD; Nanda Kerkar, MD; Kathleen M. Loomes, MD; Jean P. Molleston, MD; Karen F. Murray, MD; Rene Romero, MD; Kathleen B. Schwarz, MD; Ross Shepherd, MD; Frederick J. Suchy, MD; Yumirle P. Turmelle, MD; Peter F. Whitington, MD; Jeffrey Moore, MS; Averell H. Sherker, MD, FRCP(C); Patricia R. Robuck, PhD, MPH; Ronald J. Sokol, MD; for the Childhood Liver Disease Research and Education Network (ChiLDREN) Supplemental content at IMPORTANCE Biliary atresia is the most common cause of end-stage liver disease in children. jama.com Controversy exists as to whether use of steroids after hepatoportoenterostomy improves clinical outcome. OBJECTIVE To determine whether the addition of high-dose corticosteroids after hepatoportoenterostomy is superior to surgery alone in improving biliary drainage and survival with the native liver. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PATIENTS The multicenter, double-blind Steroids in Biliary Atresia Randomized Trial (START) was conducted in 140 infants (mean age, 2.3 months) between September 2005 and February 2011 in the United States; follow-up ended in January 2013. INTERVENTIONS Participants were randomized to receive intravenous methylprednisolone (4 mg/kg/d for 2 weeks) and oral prednisolone (2 mg/kg/d for 2 weeks) followed by a tapering protocol for 9 weeks (n = 70) or placebo (n = 70) initiated within 72 hours of hepatoportoenterostomy.
    [Show full text]
  • Methodology: U.S
    Methodology: U.S. News & World Report Best Children’s Hospitals 2011-12 Murrey G. Olmsted Emily McFarlane Joe Murphy Jessica Severance Angela Pitts Denise Bell Melissa Morley Version: June 20, 2011 To Whom It May Concern: U.S. News & World Report ’s “Best Children's Hospitals” study is the sole and exclusive property of U.S. News & World Report , which owns all rights, including but not limited to copyright, in and to the attached data and material. Any party wishing to cite, reference, publish, or otherwise disclose the information contained herein may do so only with the prior written consent of U.S. News . Any U.S. News -approved reference or citation must identify the source as “U.S. News & World Report ’s Best Children's Hospitals” and, with the exception of academic journals, must include the following credit line: “Data reprinted with permission from U.S. News & World Report .” For permission to cite or use in any other way, contact [email protected]. For custom reprints, please contact Wright’s Media at 877-419-5725 or [email protected] . Table of Contents I. Introduction ....................................................................................................................... 1 II. Eligibility ............................................................................................................................ 2 A. General Eligibility ...................................................................................................... 2 B. Specialty-Specific Eligibility ....................................................................................
    [Show full text]