111
DAFTAR PUSTAKA
SUMBER BUKU DAN EBOOK
ABM, M. A. (2013). Arab Spring: Badai Revolusi Timur Tengah yang Penuh
Darah . Yogyakarta : IRCiSoD.
Alfian, A. (2018). Militer Dan Politik Turki. Jakarta Selatan: Penerbit Penjuru
Ilmu.
Allsopp, H. (2015). The Kurds Of Syria. London: IB Tauris.
Bakry, U. S. (2016). Metode Hubungan Internasional. Yogyakarta: Pustaka
Pelajar.
Coplin, W. D., & Marbun, M. (2003). Pengantar Politik Internasional: Edisi
Kedua. Bandung: Sinar Baru Algensindo.
Holsti, K. J. (1977). International Politics, A Framework for Analysis : Third
Edition. Vancouver: University of British Columbia.
Holsti, K. J., & Azhary, M. T. (1988). Politik Internasional: Kerangka Untuk
Analisis, Edisi Ke Empat Jilid 2. Jakarta: Penerbit Erlangga.
Kuncahyono, T. (2013). Musim Semi Di Suriah : Anak-Anak Sekolah Penyulut
Revolusi. Jakarta: Kompas Penerbit.
i
SUMBER JURNAL
Askerov, A. (2017). Turkey’s “Zero Problems with the Neighbors” Policy: Was It
Realistic? SAGEpub Journal.
Caves, J. (2012). Syrian KurdS and the democratic union Party (Pyd). Instute for
Study of War
D’Alema, F. (2017). The Evolution of Turkey’s Syria Policy. Istituto Affari
Internazionali, 1-17.
Grigoriadis, l. N. (2010). The Davutoğlu Doctrine and Turkish Foreign Policy.
Hellenic Foundation For European And Foreign Policy.
Hakyemez, S. (2017). Turkey’s Failed Peace Process with the . Middle East Brief.
Kirmanj, S. (2013). Kurdistan Region: A Country Profile. Journal of International
Studies (JIS), 9.
Loutfi, A. (2017). Balancing Image And Internal Disconnec: The Goovernance
Aspirations of The Syrian Interim Government. Imes Capstone Paper
Series, The Intitute For Middle East Studies: The George Washington
University The Elliott School of International Affairs.
O’Bagy, E. (2012). Middle East Security Report 4:Syria’s Political Opposition.
Washington DC: International for Study of War.
ii
Öğür , B., & Baykal, Z. (2017). Understanding “Foreign Policy” of the PYD/YPG
as a Non-State Actor in Syria. Non-State Armed Actors in the Middle East
and Beyond.
ÖNİŞ, Z. (2012). Turkey and the Arab Spring: Between Ethics and Self-Interest.
Insight Turkey .
Ortega, M. (2001). Military Intervention and European Union. Institute for
Security Studies Western European Union.
Pelino, E. (2018). The 2018 Turkish military operation in Afrin: Turkey’s
Realpolitik between. Conflict And Peace Building A.Y.2017/2018.
Posch, W. (2015). The changing faces of the PKK. THE KURDS, History -
Religion - Language - Politics.
Radu, M. (2001). The Rise and Fall of the PKK. FPRI'S Journal Of The World.
Roth, M. P., & Sever, M. (2007). The Kurdish Worker Party (PKK) as Criminal
Syndicate: Funding Terorism through Orgnized Crime, A Case Study.
Studies in Conflict & Terrorism.
Sayarı, S. (2016). Back to a Predominant Party System: The November 2015 Snap
Election in Turkey. South European Society and Politics.
Thornton, R. (2015). Problems with the Kurds as proxies against Islamic. Small
WarS & Insurgencies, 2015, 886.
iii
Walker, J. W. (2012). Turkey's Time in Syria: Future Secenarios. Middle East
Brief, Crown Center for Middle East Studies, Brandeis University.
Walter, J. (2015). Kurdish political parties in Turkey. THE KURDS, History-
Religion-Language-Politics.
Watt, C. (2009). Countering Terrorism from the Second Foreign Fighter Glut.
Small Wars Journal, 2.
YEŞILTAŞ, M., SEREN, M., & ÖZÇELIK, N. (2017). OPERATION
EUPHRATES SHIELD, IMPLEMENTATION AND LESSONS LEARNED.
Istanbul: SETA | FOUNDATION FOR POLITICAL, ECONOMIC AND
SOCIAL RESEARCH.
SUMBER OPINI DAN BERITA DARING
Adel, L. (2016, 8 28). Germany warns Turkey from attacking Kurds in Syria.
Dipetik 8 3, 2019, dari Iraqi News: https://www.iraqinews.com/baghdad-
politics/germany-warns-turkey-attacking-kurds-syria/
Agence France-Presse. (2018, 1 21). Assad slams Turkey’s Syria offensive as
‘support for terrorism’. Dipetik 8 26, 2019, dari South China Morning
Post: https://www.scmp.com/news/world/middle-
east/article/2129914/assad-slams-turkeys-syria-offensive-support-
terrorism
iv
Aguilar, A. (2018, 6 19). International Freedom Battalion. Diambil kembali dari
Medium: 8. https://medium.com/@alexaguilar/the-international-freedom-
battalion-420a5f8e7397 2019,02,24
Al Arabiya. (2017, 5 26). What we know about ‘army unit’ Turkey is setting up in
northern Syria? Dipetik 7 19, 2019, dari Al Arabiya:
https://english.alarabiya.net/en/perspective/features/2017/05/26/What-we-
know-about-army-unit-Turkey-is-setting-up-in-northern-Syria-.html
Al Arabiya News. (2012, 7 19). Free Syrian Army seizes control of 4 border
crossings with Turkey, Iraq. Diambil kembali dari Al Arabiya News:
https://web.archive.org/web/20120721113610/http://english.alarabiya.net/
articles/2012/07/19/227324.html
Al Jazeera. (2015, 8 4). Syrian Kurds set terms for partnership with Assad.
Dipetik 7 17, 2019, dari Al Jazeera:
https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2015/08/syrian-kurds-sets-terms-assad-
partnership-150803191234786.html
Al Masdar News. (2016, 8 24). Turkish-backed rebels fight US-backed rebels in
Aleppo. Dipetik 8 16, 2019, dari Al Masdar News:
https://www.almasdarnews.com/article/turkish-backed-rebels-fight-us-
backed-rebels-aleppo/
Al Monitor. (2018, 6 3). Syria Kurds Federalism Regime Opposition Rejection.
Dipetik 3 5, 2019, dari Al Monitor: https://www.al-
v
monitor.com/pulse/en/originals/2016/04/syria-kurds-federalism-regime-
opposition-rejection.htm
Al-Khalidi, S. (2018, 1 21). FSA commander says 25,000 Syrian rebels back
Turkish force in Syria. Dipetik 7 21, 2019, dari Reuters:
https://www.reuters.com/article/us-mideast-crisis-ria-turkey-rebels/fsa-
commander-says-25000-syrian-rebels-back-turkish-force-in-syria-
idUSKBN1FA0OK
Al-Khalidi, S. (2018, 1 12). FSA commander says 25,000 Syrian rebels back
Turkish force in Syria. Dipetik 8 26, 2019, dari Reuters:
https://www.reuters.com/article/us-mideast-crisis-ria-turkey-rebels/fsa-
commander-says-25000-syrian-rebels-back-turkish-force-in-syria-
idUSKBN1FA0OK
Al-Monitor. (2017, 12 7). Syrian Kurds move closer to Russia. Dipetik 3 19,
2019, dari Al-Monitor: https://www.al-
monitor.com/pulse/originals/2017/12/turkey-syria-kurds-move-closer-
russia.html
Anadolu Agency. (2016, 8 16). World condemns deadly terror attack on Turkish
wedding. Dipetik 7 29, 2019, dari Anadolu Agency:
https://www.aa.com.tr/en/todays-headlines/world-condemns-deadly-terror-
attack-on-turkish-wedding/632578
vi
Anderson, T., & Egret, E. (2016, 1 11). REBUILDING KOBANÊ. Dipetik 3 19,
2019, dari Cooperation In Mesopotamia:
https://mesopotamia.coop/rebuilding-kobane/
Andre, J. (2017, 11 24). Video: FRANCE 24 meets foreigners fighting with Kurds
in Syria. Dipetik 2 27, 2019, dari France 24:
https://www.france24.com/en/20171124-focus-syria-foreigners-ypg-kurds-
fighting-islamic-state-group-foreign-volunteers
Antonopoulos, P. (2017, 2 26). US confirms support for Manbij Military Council
despite Turkish threats. Dipetik 8 19, 2019, dari Al Masdar News:
https://www.almasdarnews.com/article/us-confirms-support-for-manbij-
military-council-despite-turkish-threats/
ARA News. (2016, 8 28). Conflict between US-led coalition allies increases, one
Turkish soldier killed. Dipetik 2 27, 2019, dari ARA News:
https://web.archive.org/web/20160831064158/http://aranews.net/2016/08/
conflict-us-led-coalition-allies-increases-one-turkish-soldier-killed/
ARA News. (2016, 6 24). Kurdish-led SDF attracts more Arab fighters in Syria’s
Deir ez-Zor amid growing anti-ISIS campaign. Dipetik 2 27, 2019, dari
ARA News: http://aranews.net/files/2016/06/kurdish-led-sdf-attracts-arab-
fighters-syrias-deir-ez-zor-amid-growing-anti-isis-campaign/
ARANews. (2014, 9 12). YPG and FSA form a joint military chamber to combat
ISIS in Syria. Dipetik 7 16, 2019, dari ARANews:
vii
http://aranews.net/files/2014/09/ypg-fsa-form-joint-military-chamber-
combat-isis-syria/
Asharaq Al-Awsat. (2011, 8 1). Syrian Army Colonel Defects forms Free Syrian
Army. Dipetik 5 3, 2019, dari Asharaq Al-Awsat: https://eng-
archive.aawsat.com/theaawsat/news-middle-east/syrian-army-colonel-
defects-forms-free-syrian-army
Babb, C. (2017, 3 6). US Troops in Manbij to 'Deter' Skirmishes Between Turks,
Kurds. Dipetik 8 19, 2019, dari VOA News:
https://www.voanews.com/middle-east/us-troops-manbij-deter-skirmishes-
between-turks-kurds
Balci, B. (2012, 04 13). Turkey’s Relations with the Syrian Opposition. Dipetik 5
6, 2019, dari Carneige Endowment For International Peace:
https://carnegieendowment.org/2012/04/13/turkey-s-relations-with-syrian-
opposition-pub-47841
Barrabi, T. (2014, 02 10). Turkey's Parliament Approves Military Action Against
ISIS In Syria, Iraq. Dipetik 11 5, 2018, dari International Bussines Times:
https://www.ibtimes.com/turkeys-parliament-approves-military-action-
against-isis-syria-iraq-1698537
Barrett, R. (2014, 6 2). Foreign Fighters In Syria. Dipetik 9 11, 2018, dari The
Soufan Group: http://www.soufangroup.com/foreign-fighters-in-syria/
viii
BBC. (2008, 9 4). Sarkozy ikut pertemuan Timteng. Dipetik 4 3, 2019, dari BBC
Indonesia:
http://www.bbc.co.uk/indonesian/news/story/2008/09/printable/080904_sa
rkozymideast.shtml
BBC. (2016, 6 15). Why don't Syrian refugees stay in Turkey? Diambil kembali
dari BBC NEWS: https://www.bbc.com/news/magazine-36808038
BBC Indonesia. (2012, 10 6). Turki kembali menembaki perbatasan Suriah.
Diambil kembali dari BBC Indonesia:
https://www.bbc.com/indonesia/dunia/2012/10/121006_turkeysyria.shtml
BBC News. (2015, 7 28). Kurdish peace 'impossible' - Turkey's Erdogan. Dipetik
5 10, 2019, dari BBC News: https://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-
33689660
BBC News. (2015, 7 27). Syrian Kurds accuse Turkey of attacking their forces.
Dipetik 5 16, 2019, dari BBC News: https://www.bbc.com/news/world-
europe-33675760
BBC News. (2015, 7 26). Turkey car bomb kills two soldiers as PKK truce breaks
down. Dipetik 5 10, 2019, dari BBC News:
https://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-33667427
BBC News. (2015, 10 27). Turkey confirms shelling Kurdish fighters in Syria.
Dipetik 5 16, 2019, dari BBC News: https://www.bbc.com/news/world-
middle-east-34645462
ix
BBC News. (2015, 9 11). Turkey 'must ensure access' to besieged Cizre, says
Council of Europe. Dipetik 5 15, 2019, dari BBC News:
https://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-34222286
BBC News. (2016, 8 24). IS conflict: Turkey-backed Syrian rebels take Jarablus.
Dipetik 8 30, 2019, dari BBC News: https://www.bbc.com/news/world-
europe-37171995
BBC News. (2016, 9 7). Islamic State group: Turkey and US 'ready to invade
capital'. Dipetik 8 20, 2019, dari BBC News:
https://www.bbc.com/news/world-middle-east-37298968
BBC News. (2016, 8 8). Syria war: Why the battle for Aleppo matters. Dipetik 7
24, 2019, dari BBC News: https://www.bbc.com/news/world-middle-east-
37008100
BBC News. (2016, 2 10). Turkey's Erdogan denounces US support for Syrian
Kurds. Dipetik 7 15, 2019, dari BBC News:
https://www.bbc.com/news/world-middle-east-35541003
BBC News. (2017, 3 30). Turkey 'ends' Euphrates Shield campaign in Syria.
Dipetik 8 4, 2019, dari BBC News: https://www.bbc.com/news/world-
middle-east-39439593
BBC News. (2018, 9 7). Turkey HDP: Court jails pro-Kurdish leader Demirtas.
Dipetik 5 14, 2019, dari BBC News: https://www.bbc.com/news/world-
europe-45450622
x
Bidinger, S. (t.thn.). Protecting Syrian Refugees:. International Human Rights
Clinic, Boston University.
Britannica. (t.thn.). Treaty of Lausanne, Allies-Turkey 1923. Diambil kembali dari
ENCYCLOPEDIA BRITTANICA:
https://www.britannica.com/event/Treaty-of-Lausanne-1923
Carnege Downment. (2012, 3 1). The Damascus Declaration. Dipetik 3 28, 2019,
dari Carnege Downment For International Peace:
https://carnegieendowment.org/2012/03/01/damascus-declaration/czvu
CARNEGIE. (2012, 2 15). The Kurdish National Council in Syria. Dipetik 2 12,
2019, dari CARNEGIE MIDDLE EAST CENTER: https://carnegie-
mec.org/diwan/48502?lang=en
Carnegie Middle East Centre. (2012, 1 15). National Coordination Body for
Democratic Change. Dipetik 7 11, 2019, dari Diwan, Carnegie Middle
East Centre: https://carnegie-mec.org/diwan/48369?lang=en
Casagrande, G. (2016, 10 22). The Road To Ar-Raqqah: Back Ground on The
Syrian Democratic Forces. Dipetik 2 28, 2019, dari Institute for Study of
War:
http://www.understandingwar.org/sites/default/files/The%20Road%20to%
20ar-Raqqah%20ID.pdf
xi
Chulov, M. (2017, 6 24). Kurds see chance to advance their cause in ruins of
Islamic State. Dipetik 11 16, 2018, dari The Guardian:
https://www.theguardian.com/world/2017/jun/24/kurds-see-historic-
chance-advance-cause-ruins-islamic-state
CNN. (2018). Perang Suriah Makan Korban 360 Ribu Jiwa. Jakarta:
www.cnnindonesia.com.
Crethi Plethi Center. (2015, 2 8). Kobani: A Symbol of Kurdish Resistance.
Dipetik 2 24, 2019, dari Crethi Plethi:
http://www.crethiplethi.com/kobani-a-symbol-of-kurdish-
resistance/islamic-countries/syria-islamic-countries/2015/
Daily Sabah. (2016, 12 23). Strategic area around al-Bab hospital cleared of
Daesh terrorists, defense minister says. Dipetik 8 2, 2019, dari Daily
Sabah, War on Teror: https://www.dailysabah.com/war-on-
terror/2016/12/23/strategic-area-around-al-bab-hospital-cleared-of-daesh-
terrorists-defense-minister-says
Daily Sabah. (2017, 11 15). US-backed SDF spox Talal Sillo defects from PKK-
aligned group, crosses into Turkey. Dipetik 8 23, 2019 , dari Daily Sabah:
https://www.dailysabah.com/politics/2017/11/15/us-backed-sdf-spox-talal-
sillo-defects-from-pkk-aligned-group-crosses-into-turkey
Daily Sabah. (2018, 4 2). Süleyman Shah’s tomb will return to original location
as ‘Turkish land,’ Deputy PM says. Dipetik 7 19, 2019, dari DAILY
xii
SABAH: https://www.dailysabah.com/turkey/2018/04/02/suleyman-shahs-
tomb-will-return-to-original-location-as-turkish-land-deputy-pm-says
Dailymail. (2016, 6 9). Turkey insists on no-fly zone in Syria, NATO non-
committal. Dipetik 11 26, 2018, dari Dailymail:
https://www.dailymail.co.uk/wires/ap/article-3781921/Turkey-insists-no-
fly-zone-Syria-NATO-non-committal.html
DailySabah. (2016, 8 21). Turkey will not be Europe's firefighter. Dipetik 11 10,
2018, dari Daily Sabah:
https://www.dailysabah.com/editorial/2016/08/21/turkey-will-not-be-
europes-firefighter
DailySabah. (2018, 11 10). Syrians in Turkey protest YPG terror. Dipetik 11 11,
2018, dari Daily Sabah: https://www.dailysabah.com/war-on-
terror/2018/11/11/syrians-in-turkey-protest-ypg-terror
DailyStar, T. (2015, 6 30). Turkey seeks to calm speculation over Syria invasion.
Dipetik 11 11, 2018, dari The Daily Star Lebanon:
http://www.dailystar.com.lb/News/Middle-East/2015/Jun-30/304476-
turkey-seeks-to-calm-speculation-over-syria-invasion.ashx
Danforth, N. (2015, 8 10). Treaty of Sèvres That Explains the Modern Middle
East. Diambil kembali dari FOREIGN POLICY:
https://foreignpolicy.com/2015/08/10/sykes-picot-treaty-of-sevres-
modern-turkey-middle-east-borders-turkey/
xiii
DefenseNews. (2014, 11 24). Turkey, US Agree to Train and Arm Syrian
Opposition. Dipetik 5 7, 2019, dari DefenseNews:
https://www.defensenews.com/global/mideast-africa/2014/11/24/turkey-
us-agree-to-train-and-arm-syrian-opposition/
Delmas, M. (2017, 1 26). 'Before the war in Kobani, I used to go to school'.
Diambil kembali dari LA CROIX international: https://international.la-
croix.com/news/before-the-war-in-kobani-i-used-to-go-to-school/4569#
DeYoung, K. (2012, 6 30). Syria conference fails to specify plan for Assad.
Dipetik 4 26, 2019, dari The Washington Post:
https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/national-security/syria-
conference-fails-to-specify-plan-for-
assad/2012/06/30/gJQAsPfeEW_story.html?utm_term=.61a1c26f44c3
DeYoung, K. (2019, 8 3). Biden warns Kurds not to seek separate enclave on
Turkish-Syrian border. Dipetik 8 3, 2019, dari The Washington Post:
https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/biden-visits-turkey-on-mission-
to-repair-strained-relations/2016/08/24/bc684904-6a04-11e6-99bf-
f0cf3a6449a6_story.html?utm_term=.79a0dc335771
Drwish, S. M. (2016, 7 22). After approving constitution, what's next for Syria's
Kurds? Dipetik 3 6, 2019, dari Al Monitor: https://www.al-
monitor.com/pulse/originals/2016/07/north-syria-rojava-kurdish-
federation-constitution.html
xiv
Everyculture. (t.thn.). Kurds. Diambil kembali dari Every Culture:
https://www.everyculture.com/wc/Tajikistan-to-Zimbabwe/Kurds.html
Foreign Relation Commision, Kanton Al-Jazeera. (2018, 2 21). Foreign
Representations of Democratic Self-Administration of North Syria ” The
Diplomatic Missions”. Dipetik 3 18, 2019, dari Foreign Relation
Commision, Canton Al-Jazeera: http://kar-
derve.com/English/category/d_misdsions/missions/
France 24. (2016, 11 8). In Raqqa offensive, Kurds seek 'insurance' against
Turkish attack. Dipetik 8 22, 2019, dari France 24:
https://www.france24.com/en/20161108-raqqa-offensive-kurds-sdf-ypg-
turkey-islamic-state-group
Galpin, R. (2012, 8 4). Syria crisis: Turkey training rebels, says FSA fighter.
Dipetik 5 7, 2019, dari BBC News: https://www.bbc.com/news/world-
middle-east-19124810
Gold, D. (2015, 1 13). ‘Welcome to Stalingrad. Welcome to Kobane’: Inside the
Syrian Town Under Siege by the Islamic State. Dipetik 2 22, 2019, dari
Vice News: 2. https://news.vice.com/en_us/article/bjaq83/welcome-to-
stalingrad-welcome-to-kobane-inside-the-syrian-town-under-siege-by-the-
islamic-state
Guardian, T. (2011, 6 23). Turkey tells Bashar al-Assad to cease Syria repression.
Dipetik 4 5, 2019, dari The Guardian:
xv
https://www.theguardian.com/world/2011/jun/23/syria-bashar-al-assad-
turkey-refugees
HAARETZ. (2018). Timeline//560,000 Killed in Syria's War According to Update
Death Toll; The Update Comes as Syria Brace for a newa battlefron in the
northwest. Israel : www.haaretz.com.
Haid, H. (2017). Post-ISIS Governance in Jarablus: A Turkish-led Strategy.
Research Paper Middle East and North Africa Programme: The Royal
Intitute of International Affairs, Chatham House .
Hammer, J. (2013, 6). Is a Lack of Water to Blame for the Conflict in Syria?
Dipetik 3 4, 2019, dari Smithsonian.com:
https://www.smithsonianmag.com/innovation/is-a-lack-of-water-to-blame-
for-the-conflict-in-syria-72513729/
Harmoon Centre for Contemporary Studies. (2017). Military Operation in Afrin:
Implications, Risks and Options. Policy Studying Unit.
Hevian, R. (2013). THE MAIN KURDISH POLITICAL PARTIES IN IRAN,
IRAQ, SYRIA, AND TURKEY: . Middle East Review of International
Affairs, Vol. 17, No. 2 (Summer 2013).
History.com. (2017, 8 10). Syria. Dipetik 3 25, 2019, dari History:
https://www.history.com/topics/middle-east/the-history-of-syria
Hurriyet. (2016, 8 22). 29 children killed in Gaziantep attack as death toll rises to
54. Dipetik 4 9, 2019, dari Hurriyet Daily News:
xvi
http://www.hurriyetdailynews.com/29-children-killed-in-gaziantep-attack-
as-death-toll-rises-to-54--103097
Hurriyet Daily News. (2015, 9 17). 40 PKK militants killed in Cizre during eight-
day curfew: Governor. Dipetik 5 15, 2019, dari Hurriyet Daily News:
http://www.hurriyetdailynews.com/40-pkk-militants-killed-in-cizre-
during-eight-day-curfew-governor-88657
Hurriyet Daily News. (2015, 7 17). HDP has inorganic link to PKK: Erdoğan.
Dipetik 5 14, 2019, dari Hurriyet Daily News:
http://www.hurriyetdailynews.com/hdp-has-inorganic-link-to-pkk-
erdogan--85555
Hurriyet Daily News. (2016, 8 30). France criticizes Turkish military operation in
Syria. Dipetik 8 3, 2019, dari Hurriyet Daily News:
http://www.hurriyetdailynews.com/france-criticizes-turkish-military-
operation-in-syria-103393
Hurriyet Daily News. (2016, 8 24). Turkish Special Forces: From stopping a coup
to the frontline of the ISIL fight. Dipetik 7 30, 2016, dari Hurriyet Daily
News: http://www.hurriyetdailynews.com/turkish-special-forces-from-
stopping-a-coup-to-the-frontline-of-the-isil-fight-103178
Hurriyet Daily News. (2017, 9 26). Barzani’s decision to hold referendum
‘betrayal to Turkey,’ Erdoğan says. Dipetik 8 22, 2019, dari Hurriyet
Daily News: http://www.hurriyetdailynews.com/barzanis-decision-to-
hold-referendum-betrayal-to-turkey-erdogan-says-118415
xvii
Hurriyet Daily News. (2017, 10 24). Turkish military’s Idlib operation almost
completed, next is Afrin: Erdoğan. Dipetik 8 23, 2019, dari Hurriyet Daily
News: http://www.hurriyetdailynews.com/turkish-militarys-idlib-
operation-almost-completed-next-is-afrin-erdogan-121320
Hurriyet Daily News. (2018, 4 20). Syrian Kurds register to set up mission in
Washington. Dipetik 3 19, 2019, dari Hurriyet Daily News:
http://www.hurriyetdailynews.com/syrian-kurds-apply-to-set-up-mission-
in-washington-130649
Ibrahim, J. (2014, 3 14). Kurdish YPG forces respond to Syrian regime militants
in Qamishli. Dipetik 2 15, 2019, dari ARA NEWS:
https://web.archive.org/web/20140321182528/http://www.aranews.org/en/
home/kurdish-region/1145-kurdish-ypg-forces-respond-to-syrian-regime-
militants-in-qamishli.html
Iddon, P. (2017, 2 14). Why Turkey has been taking so long to capture al-Bab.
Dipetik 8 3, 2019, dari Rudaw:
https://www.rudaw.net/english/analysis/14022017
Independent. (2016, 8 26). Turkey could be overplaying its hand with Syria
ground offensive as civil war reaches crucial point. Dipetik 11 25, 2018,
dari Independent: https://www.independent.co.uk/voices/turkey-syria-
civil-war-ground-offensive-us-russia-un-peace-a7211941.html
Khalaf, R. (2016). Governing Rojava, Layers of Legitimacy in Syria. Catham
House.
xviii
Kirmanj, S. (2017, 9 13). 8 Reasons Why America Supports the Syrian Kurds.
Dipetik 1 26, 2019, dari THE NATIONAL INTEREST:
https://nationalinterest.org/feature/8-reasons-why-america-supports-the-
syrian-kurds-22290
Kompas. (2018, 3 10). Erdogan Klaim Turki Lumpuhkan 3.213 Milisi di Afrin.
Dipetik 4 9, 2019, dari Kompas:
https://internasional.kompas.com/read/2018/03/10/21292721/erdogan-
klaim-turki-lumpuhkan-3213-milisi-di-afrin
Kompas.com. (2017, 2 6). Dipetik 11 30, 2018, dari Pasukan Suriah dan Turki
Kepung ISIS di Kota Al-Bab :
https://internasional.kompas.com/read/2017/02/06/18354571/pasukan.suri
ah.dan.turki.kepung.isis.di.kota.al-bab
Kurdistan 24. (2017, 1 8). Syrian Kurds fractured in Astana peace talks, PYD
excluded. Dipetik 8 22, 2019, dari Kurdistan 24:
https://www.kurdistan24.net/en/news/76e660ac-cd26-4bfd-b535-
04b0ed9432fc/syrian-kurds-fractured-in-astana-peace-talks--pyd-excluded
KurdWatch. (2012, 6 12). Al-Qamishli: Further demonstrations—for the first
time, the PYD constructs check points in al-Qamishli. Dipetik 2 12, 2018,
dari Kurdwatch: http://www.kurdwatch.org/?aid=2555&z=en
Letsch, C. (2016, 8 22). Erdoğan blames Isis for suspected suicide attack at
wedding in Turkey. Dipetik 7 30, 2019, dari The Guardian:
xix
https://www.theguardian.com/world/2016/aug/20/several-dead-in-
suspected-terrorist-blast-at-wedding-in-turkey
Lister, C. (2016). The Free Syrian Army:. The Brookings Project on U.S.
Relations with the Islamic World.
LISTER, C. (2017, 10 31). TURKEY’S IDLIB INCURSION AND THE HTS
QUESTION: UNDERSTANDING THE LONG GAME IN SYRIA. Dipetik 7
21, 2019, dari War On The Rocks:
https://warontherocks.com/2017/10/turkeys-idlib-incursion-and-the-hts-
question-understanding-the-long-game-in-syria/
Loveluck, L. (2015, 6 26). Isil attack on Kobane is 'second biggest massacre' of
civilians by the group in Syria. Dipetik 2 22, 19, dari The Telegraph:
https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/islamic-state/11700453/Isil-
attack-on-Kobane-is-second-biggest-massacre-of-civilians-by-the-group-
in-Syria.html
Loveluck, L., & Sly, L. (2017, 2 23). Turkey-backed rebels seize Islamic State’s
al-Bab stronghold in Syria. Dipetik 8 3, 2019, dari The Washington Post:
https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/middle_east/turkey-backed-
rebels-enter-center-of-islamic-states-al-bab-strongholdin-
syria/2017/02/23/e389a506-f9c3-11e6-9b3e-
ed886f4f4825_story.html?utm_term=.a0ad92ab6a74
Luck, T. (2016, 12 14). Fall of Aleppo could tip Syria from civil war to
insurgency. Dipetik 7 19, 2019, dari The Christian Science, Monitor:
xx
https://www.csmonitor.com/World/Middle-East/2016/1214/Fall-of-
Aleppo-could-tip-Syria-from-civil-war-to-insurgency
MacDonald, A. (2017, 10 16). SDF spokesman kidnapped by Turkish intelligence,
says group. Dipetik 8 23, 2019, dari Middle East Eye:
https://www.middleeasteye.net/news/sdf-spokesman-kidnapped-turkish-
intelligence-says-group
Manhoff, T. (2018). Turkey's Foreign Policy Towards Syria. Sankt Augustin:
KONARD ADENAUER STIFTUNG.
Manna, H. (2012, 6 22). Syria's opposition has been led astray by violence.
Dipetik 11 25, 2018, dari The Guradian:
https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2012/jun/22/syria-
opposition-led-astray-by-violence
McKernan, B. (2016, 11 1). Syrian women saved from Isis by female Kurdish
fighters set up their own women-only battalion. Dipetik 2 15, 2019, dari
INDEPENDENT: https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/middle-
east/syria-isis-battle-latest-all-women-battalion-al-bab-manbij-
a7391671.html
Melis. (2016, 3 2). Beyond Female Soldiers: The Feminism of Rojava. Dipetik 2
15, 2019, dari Alternatives International Journal:
https://www.alterinter.org/?Beyond-Female-Soldiers-The-Feminism-of-
Rojava
xxi
Middle East Eye. (2017, 3 1). Turkish and US-backed Kurdish forces clash near
Syria's Manbij. Dipetik 8 19, 2019, dari Middle East Eye:
https://www.middleeasteye.net/news/turkish-and-us-backed-kurdish-
forces-clash-near-syrias-manbij
Middle East Eye. (2017, 2 27). Turkish-backed rebels clash with Syrian forces
near al-Bab. Dipetik 8 19, 2019, dari Middle East Eye:
https://www.middleeasteye.net/news/turkish-backed-rebels-clash-syrian-
forces-near-al-bab
Middle East Report N°136 . (2013). Syria’s Kurds:A Struggle Within A Struggle.
Brussels: International Crisis Group.
National Public Radio. (2012, 12 11). Obama Recognizes Rebels As 'Legitimate
Representative' Of Syrian People. Dipetik 4 1, 2019, dari NPR:
https://www.npr.org/sections/thetwo-way/2012/12/11/167008761/obama-
recognizes-rebels-as-legitimate-representatives-of-syrian-people
Nations Online. (t.thn.). History Of Syria. Dipetik 3 26, 2019, dari
Nationsonline.org: https://www.nationsonline.org/oneworld/History/Syria-
history.htm
Nazish, K. (2015, 7 30). Turkey and PKK 'back to square one'. Dipetik 5 13,
2019, dari Al Jazeera: https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2015/07/turkey-
pkk-square-150730074312972.html
xxii
News, B. (22, 1 2018). Turkey targets Kurdish forces in Afrin: The short, medium
and long story. Dipetik 11 2018, 26, dari BBC News:
https://www.bbc.com/news/world-middle-east-42704542
News, BBC. (2016, 8 12). Kurdish forces 'cut off IS escape route' through Manbij.
Dipetik 7 24, 2019, dari BBC News: https://www.bbc.com/news/world-
middle-east-37063857
News, BBC. (2016, 8 20). Syrian war: Turkey to play more active role. Dipetik 7
29, 2019, dari BBC News: https://www.bbc.com/news/world-middle-east-
37143499
News, H. D. (2012, 7 25). Turkey to close all border gates with Syria. Dipetik 4
26, 2019, dari Hurriyet Daily News:
http://www.hurriyetdailynews.com/turkey-to-close-all-border-gates-with-
syria-26293
Nicks, D. (2014, 9 5). U.S. Forms Anti-ISIS Coalition at NATO Summit. Dipetik
11 10, 2018, dari TIME: http://time.com/3273185/isis-us-nato/
Now. (2016, 5 24). Russia finishes draft for new. Dipetik 3 19, 2019, dari Now
Media: https://now.mmedia.me/lb/en/NewsReports/567021-russia-
finishes-draft-for-new-syria-constitution-report
NowLebanon. (2012, 8 4). All of Damascus now under army control, general
says. Dipetik 4 1, 2019, dari .Now:
xxiii
https://archive.fo/20130104063812/http://www.nowlebanon.com/NewsArt
icleDetails.aspx#selection-911.0-911.52
Office, Y. P. (2018, Oktober 24). Mop-up operations continue in the newly
liberated parts of town of al-Sussa. Dipetik Oktober 30, 2018, dari
Youtube: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NJSswJITCcY
Ozkan, M. (2018, 1 18). Turkey shells Syria's Afrin region, minister says
operation has begun. Dipetik 8 26, 2019, dari Reuters:
https://www.reuters.com/article/us-mideast-crisis-syria-turkey/turkey-
shells-syrias-afrin-region-minister-says-operation-has-begun-
idUSKBN1F80XX
Pamuk, H., & Salman, R. (2014, 10 31). Kurdish peshmerga forces enter Syria's
Kobani after further air strikes. Dipetik 2 22, 2019, dari Reuters:
https://www.reuters.com/article/us-mideast-crisis/kurdish-peshmerga-
forces-enter-syrias-kobani-after-further-air-strikes-
idUSKBN0IK15M20141031
PeaceInKurdistan.Com. (2014, 1 29). Charter of the Social Contract. Dipetik 2
14, 2019, dari Peace In Kurdistan:
https://peaceinkurdistancampaign.com/charter-of-the-social-contract/
Postings, R. (2018, 2 7). Free Syria Police: Creating Security and Stability in
North Aleppo. Dipetik 7 21, 2019, dari International Review:
https://international-review.org/free-syria-police-creating-security-and-
stability-in-north-aleppo/
xxiv
Qamishli Kurds commemorate 2004 uprising. (2016, 3 14). Diambil kembali dari
Syria:direct: https://syriadirect.org/news/qamishli-kurds-commemorate-
2004-uprising/
Radikal.com.tr. (2012, 10 4). Türkiye, Suriye'deki hedefleri bombaladı. Dipetik 4
29, 2019, dari Radikal: http://www.radikal.com.tr/turkiye/turkiye-
suriyedeki-hedefleri-bombaladi-1102732/
Radio Free Europe, Radio Liberty. (2017, 3 7). Turkey, Russia, U.S. Military
Chiefs Discuss Cooperation Against IS. Dipetik 8 20, 2019, dari Radio
Free Europe, Radio Liberty: https://www.rferl.org/a/turkey-russia-us-
antalya-meeting-anti-islamic-state/28355367.html
Radio Free Europe, Radio Liberty. (2018, 10 29). UN Syria Envoy Calls Astana
Talks On Syria 'Missed Opportunity'. Dipetik 8 22, 2019, dari Radio Free
Europe, Radio Liberty: https://www.rferl.org/a/un-syria-envoy-calls-
astana-talks-on-syria-missed-opportunity-/29628886.html
Reuters. (2012, 12 11). France recognizes new Syria opposition. Dipetik 4 1,
2019, dari Reuters: https://www.reuters.com/article/us-syria-crisis/france-
recognizes-new-syria-opposition-idUSBRE88J0X720121113
Reuters. (2013, 1 22). Syrian rebels clash with Kurds in northeast: activists.
Dipetik 2 15, 2019, dari Reuters: https://www.reuters.com/article/us-syria-
crisis/syrian-rebels-clash-with-kurds-in-northeast-activists-
idUSBRE90L0DJ20130122
xxv
Reuters. (2017, 2 28). Manbij is Turkey's next step in Syria operation, Erdogan
says. Dipetik 8 19, 2019, dari Reuters: https://www.reuters.com/article/us-
mideast-crisis-syria-turkey-idUSKBN1670YC
Reuters. (2017, 10 18). Ninety percent of Raqqa retaken from Islamic State - U.S.
military. Dipetik 8 22, 2019, dari Reuters:
https://www.reuters.com/article/uk-mideast-crisis-syria-usa/ninety-
percent-of-raqqa-retaken-from-islamic-state-u-s-military-
idUSKBN1CM25Z
Reuters. (2017, 3 5). Turkey wants diplomatic solution on Syria's Manbij, defense
minister says. Dipetik 8 20, 2019, dari Reuters:
https://www.reuters.com/article/us-turkey-russia-defense/turkey-wants-
diplomatic-solution-on-syrias-manbij-defense-minister-says-
idUSKBN16N14A
Reuters UK. (2014, 9 30). Kurds seize Iraq/Syria border post; Sunni tribe joins
fight against Islamic State. Dipetik 2 15, 2019, dari Reuters:
https://uk.reuters.com/article/uk-mideast-crisis/kurds-seize-iraq-syria-
border-post-sunni-tribe-joins-fight-against-islamic-state-
idUKKCN0HN0FI20140930
Rohim, A. (2018, 6 1). Turki, Erdogan, dan Demokrasi Muslim Populis. Diambil
kembali dari Berita Jatim:
http://beritajatim.com/sorotan/330161/turki,_erdogan,_dan_demokrasi_mu
slim_populis.html
xxvi
Rojhelat. (2013, 2 18). AGREEMENT IN SERÊKANIYÊ BETWEEN YPG AND
FSA. Dipetik 2 15, 2019, dari Rojhelat.info:
http://rojhelat.info/en/?p=5132
RT. (2016, 3 11). ‘Burned to death, beheaded’: Cizre Kurds accuse Erdogan’s
forces of civilian massacre (RT EXCLUSIVE). Dipetik 5 15, 2019, dari
RT: https://www.rt.com/news/335200-cizre-burned-beheaded-kurds-
erdogan/
Rudaw. (2015, 10 22). Divided Syrian Kurds reach deal in face of ISIS threat.
Dipetik 2 24, 2019, dari Rudaw:
http://www.rudaw.net/english/kurdistan/221020141
Rudaw. (2017, 8 17). Iran, Turkey warn Kurdistan referendum will cause
‘conflict’ in Iraq. Dipetik 8 22, 2019, dari Rudaw:
https://www.rudaw.net/english/middleeast/17082017
Rudaw English. (2016, 12 25). 500 Turkish special forces have joined Al-Bab
operation. Dipetik 8 2, 2019, dari Twitter, Rudaw:
https://twitter.com/RudawEnglish/status/813000360541454336
Rufinaldo, R. C. (2019, 1 14). Turki: 'Samakan Kurdi dengan teroris PYD/YPG
adalah kesalahan fatal'. Dipetik 5 16, 2019, dari AA:
https://www.aa.com.tr/id/headline-hari/turki-samakan-kurdi-dengan-
teroris-pyd-ypg-adalah-kesalahan-fatal/1363884
xxvii
Sabah, D. (2014, 10 2). Parliament passes mandate to send troops into Iraq and
Syria. Dipetik 11 10, 2018, dari Daily Sabah:
https://www.dailysabah.com/politics/2014/10/02/turkish-parliament-votes-
for-crossborder-troop-mandate
Sabah, D. (2017, 3 3). Russia confirms regime takeover in Syria’s YPG-held
Manbij. Dipetik 8 19, 2019, dari Daily Sabah:
https://www.dailysabah.com/politics/2017/03/03/russia-confirms-regime-
takeover-in-syrias-ypg-held-manbij
Şafak, Y. (2018, 4 6). ‘We will protect Suleyman Shah’s tomb if it’s moved to
Qara Qozak,’ says FSA commander. Dipetik 7 15, 2019, dari Yeni Şafak:
https://www.yenisafak.com/en/world/we-will-protect-suleyman-shahs-
tomb-if-its-moved-to-qara-qozak-says-fsa-commander-3248432
Sarican, E., & Biehl, J. (2018, 7 3). Report from Rojava: Revolution at a
Crossroads. (A. Huff, Penyunt.) Dipetik 12 20, 2018, dari Steps Center:
https://steps-centre.org/europe-hub/report-from-rojava-revolution-at-a-
crossroads/
Seraamedia. (2018). Jumlah Kematian Akibat Perang Suriah Semakin tak
Terukur. Jakarta : www.seraamedia.org.
Sezgin, Y. (2002). The October 1998 Crisis in Turkish-Syrian Relations: A
Prospect Theory Approach. Turkish Studies.
xxviii
Shiite News Network. (2018, 3 24). Turkish Ofensives Displaces 163.000 in
Syria's Afrin: UN. Diambil kembali dari Shiite News Network:
https://shiitenews.org/shiitenews/middle-east/item/33647-turkish-
offensive-displaces-167-000-in-syria-s-afrin-un/
Sky News. (2016, 8 23). Turkey Strikes Islamic State And Kurds In Syria. Dipetik
7 30, 2019, dari Sky News: https://news.sky.com/story/turkey-strikes-
islamic-state-and-kurds-in-syria-10548380
SOHR. (2018, 1 30). The Turkish forces, the Gray Wolves and the factions
advance in the west of Afrin and seek to wrap around a new village to
expand their scope of control backed by intensive aerial and ground
shelling. Diambil kembali dari Syria Observatory of Human Right:
http://www.syriahr.com/en/?p=84036
Stack, L. (2011, 10 27). In Slap at Syria, Turkey Shelters Anti-Assad Fighters.
Dipetik 5 3, 2019, dari The New York Times:
https://www.nytimes.com/2011/10/28/world/europe/turkey-is-sheltering-
antigovernment-syrian-militia.html
Syria Call. (2017, 10 22). Jawad Abu Hatab meets with Turkish officials and
discusses these files. Dipetik 8 23, 2019, dari Syria Call: https://nedaa-
sy.com/en/news/2261
Syrian diplomats expelled over Houla killings. (2012, 5 9). Dipetik 4 24, 2019,
dari Reuters: https://www.reuters.com/article/us-syria-crisis-world/syrian-
diplomats-expelled-over-houla-killings-idUSBRE84S0KI20120529
xxix
Tanir, I., Wladimir , W. V., & Hossino, O. (2018). Unity or PYD Power Play?
Henry Jackson Society.
Tasmokur, F. (2018, 1 27). What is the new Syrian National Army? Diambil
kembali dari TRT World: https://www.trtworld.com/middle-east/what-is-
the-new-syrian-national-army--14648
Tastekin, F. (2017, 10 30). Turkey tightens siege on Afrin. Dipetik 8 23, 2019, dari
Al Monitor: https://www.al-monitor.com/pulse/originals/2017/10/turkey-
syria-russia-tightening-siege-of-afrin.html
Telegraph, T. (2018, 2 19). Syrian regime fighters 'heading to Afrin to join Kurds
in fight against Turkish forces'. Dipetik 8 26, 2019, dari The Telegraph:
https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/2018/02/19/syrian-regime-fighters-
heading-afrin-join-kurds-fight-against/
The Daily Star. (2014, 10 22). Syria says giving military support to Kurds in
Kobani. Dipetik 2 15, 2019, dari The Daily Star Lebanon:
http://www.dailystar.com.lb/News/Middle-East/2014/Oct-22/274938-
syria-says-giving-military-support-to-kurds-in-koban.ashx
The Economist. (2016, 2 13). Assad on the offensive. Dipetik 10 26, 2018, dari
The Economist: https://www.economist.com/middle-east-and-
africa/2016/02/13/assad-on-the-offensive
The Economist. (2019, 5 14). Why Erdogan needs the Kurds if he hopes to win a
repeat election. Dipetik 5 16, 2019, dari The Economist:
xxx
https://www.economist.com/europe/2019/05/14/why-erdogan-needs-the-
kurds-if-he-hopes-to-win-a-repeat-election
The Guradian. (2011, 8 1). 1982: Syria's President Hafez al-Assad crushes
rebellion in Ham. Dipetik 03 26, 2019, dari The Guardian:
https://www.theguardian.com/theguardian/from-the-archive-
blog/2011/aug/01/hama-syria-massacre-1982-archive
The Irish Times. (2015, 2 22). Turkey enters Syria to evacuate tomb of Suleyman
Shah. Dipetik 7 19, 2019, dari The Irish Times:
https://www.irishtimes.com/news/world/middle-east/turkey-enters-syria-
to-evacuate-tomb-of-suleyman-shah-1.2112785
The Kurdish Project. (t.thn.). YPJ: Women’s Protection Units. Diambil kembali
dari The Kurdish Project: https://thekurdishproject.org/history-and-
culture/kurdish-women/ypj/
The New York Times. (2013, 03 25). Arms Airlift to Syria Rebels Expands, With
Aid From C.I.A. Dipetik 5 6, 2019, dari The New York Times:
https://www.nytimes.com/2013/03/25/world/middleeast/arms-airlift-to-
syrian-rebels-expands-with-cia-aid.html
The Washington Post. (2011, 4 17). U.S. secretly backed Syrian opposition
groups, cables released by WikiLeaks show. Dipetik 3 28, 2019, dari The
Washington Post: https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/us-secretly-
backed-syrian-opposition-groups-cables-released-by-wikileaks-
show/2011/04/14/AF1p9hwD_story.html?utm_term=.df76c4409f9b
xxxi
Thompson, M. (2014, 10 27). What the Failure of ISIS to Take Kobani Means.
Dipetik 2 15, 2019, dari TIME: http://time.com/3540401/kobani-isis-
islamic-state-pentagon/
Times, F. (2011, 3 28). Erdogan urges Assad to hasten reform. Dipetik 4 5, 2019,
dari Financial Times: https://www.ft.com/content/8a87bfd6-5921-11e0-
b9f6-00144feab49a
Tisdall, S. (2014, 9 29). Turkey prepares for bigger role in fight against Islamic
State. Dipetik 10 11, 2018, dari The Guardian:
https://www.theguardian.com/world/2014/sep/29/turkey-role-fight-
islamic-state-isis
Today Zaman. (2015, 7 29). KCK official says PKK not responsible for murders
of 2 Turkish policemen. Dipetik 5 10, 2019, dari Today Zaman:
https://web.archive.org/web/20150729143815/http://www.todayszaman.co
m/national_kck-official-says-pkk-not-responsible-for-murders-of-2- turkish-
policemen_394957.html
Tomson, C. (2016, 10 23). Kurdish forces capture village in northern Aleppo as
the Turkish Army redeploys. Dipetik 8 16, 2019, dari Al Masdar News:
https://www.almasdarnews.com/article/kurdish-forces-capture-village-
northern-aleppo-turkish-army-redeploys/
TRT World. (2016, 8 24). Turkey 'using right to self-defence' in Euphrates Shield.
Dipetik 8 3, 2019, dari TRT World: https://www.trtworld.com/mea/turkey-
using-right-to-self-defense-in-euphrates-shield-171382.
xxxii
TRT World. (2018, 3 22). A Timeline of Turkey's Operation Olive Branch.
Dipetik 8 26, 2019, dari Youtube, Chanel TRT World:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=S6txs64gJ2Y
TRT World. (2018, 3 31). France's support for the YPG/PKK in northern Syria.
Dipetik 5 17, 2019, dari TRT World:
https://www.trtworld.com/video/storyteller/frances-support-for-the-
ypgpkk-in-northern-syria/5abe7c851b01722a81cbd122
Turkey, Syria's new best friend. (2009, 10 1). Dipetik 4 3, 2019, dari The
Gurardian:
https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2009/oct/01/turkey-syria-
friendship
U.S. News & World Report. (2018, 1 21). The Latest: Russia Warned Kurdish
Officials of Turkey Attack. Dipetik 8 23, 2019, dari U.S. News & World
Report: https://www.usnews.com/news/world/articles/2018-01-21/the-
latest-turkey-says-troops-enter-syrian-kurdish-enclave
Vox Atlas. (2018, 3 10). How Syria’s Kurds are trying to create a democracy.
Dipetik 10 8, 2018, dari Youtube: Vox Atlas:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gaKwjvxukvg
Walker, S. (2016, 8 6). Erdoğan and Putin discuss closer ties in first meeting
since jet downing. Dipetik 8 16, 2019, dari The Guardian:
https://www.theguardian.com/world/2016/aug/09/erdogan-meets-putin-
leaders-seek-mend-ties-jet-downing-russia-turkey
xxxiii
Wies, S. (2016, 4 6). Foreigners Fighting ISIS in Syria: The War of Others.
Dipetik 2 27, 2019, dari VICE Youtube:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qoqds4LV9RI
Yackley, A. J. (2015, 2 6). Syria's Kurds celebrate after winning Kobani, but self-
rule far off. Dipetik 2 24, 2019, dari Reuters:
https://www.reuters.com/article/us-mideast-crisis-syria-kurds/syrias-kurds-
celebrate-after-winning-kobani-but-self-rule-far-off-
idUSKBN0LA0PT20150206
Yeginsu, C. (2014, 6 11). Militants Storm Turkish Consulate in Iraqi City, Taking
49 People as Hostages. Dipetik 11 10, 2018, dari The New York Times:
https://www.nytimes.com/2014/06/12/world/middleeast/militants-seize-
turkish-consulate-staff-in-mosul.html
Yeketin, M. (2016, 8 15). The Manbij timeline: Call it a coincidence. Dipetik 7
24, 2019, dari Hurriyet Daily News:
http://www.hurriyetdailynews.com/opinion/murat-yetkin/the-manbij-
timeline-call-it-a-coincidence-102842
Yildizalp, M., & Sehin, S. (2018, 3 26). Turkey will not act against Russia, says
deputy PM. Dipetik 8 26, 2019, dari Anadolu Agency:
https://www.aa.com.tr/en/middle-east/turkey-will-not-act-against-russia-
says-deputy-pm/1100068
YPG Press Releases. (2019, 1 3). Results of battles and resistance of YPG
throughout 2018. Dipetik 8 26, 2019, dari YPGRojava:
xxxiv
https://www.ypgrojava.org/Results-of-battles-and-resistance-of-YPG-
throughout-2018
YPG: People’s Protection Units. (t.thn.). Dipetik 2 7, 2019, dari The Kurdish
Project: https://thekurdishproject.org/history-and-culture/kurdish-
nationalism/peoples-protection-units-ypg/
Zaman Al Wasl. (2017, 12 31). 30 rebel groups merge under Interim Govt's
banner, form 'The National Army'. Dipetik 7 21, 2019, dari Zaman Al
Wasl: https://en.zamanalwsl.net/news/article/31991
Zaman Al Wasl. (2017, 4 13). Assyrians seek self-management in Hasaka over
deal with PYD. Dipetik 2 27, 2019, dari Zaman Al Wasl:
https://en.zamanalwsl.net/news/article/25221
Zeid, O., Hamou, A., & Kieke, S. (2015, 10 12). Jabhat Thuwar A-Raqqa ‘an
essential component of the SDF’. Diambil kembali dari Syria|DIrect:
https://syriadirect.org/news/jabhat-thuwar-a-raqqa-%E2%80%98an-
essential-component-of-the-sdf%E2%80%99/
xxxv