'403.00 EXTE.NSIONS OF ·R.EMARJ<.S December 7, 1973

Committ.ee of the Whole House on the State cpurt appr~yal; to _the . Committee on the .tional Children; and for _other purposes; to of the Union. Judiciary. the Committee on E;ducation and Labor. · Mr. DULSKI: Committee of conference. .BY Mr. McCORMACK (for himself, Mr. By Mr. SYMINGTON: Conferehce report on H.R. 9256 (Rept. 93- . . TEAGUE .of Texas, Mr. MOSHER, Mr. H.R. 11847. A bill for the relief of certain 706). Ordered to be printed. GOLDWATER, Mr. CH.APPELL, and Mr. fire districts and departments in the State Mr. HOLIFIELD: Committee on Govern­ VANDER JAGT): of Missouri to compensate t:qem for ~xpenses rr.ent Operations. H .R. 11510. A bill to reor­ H.R. 11839 . . A bill to provide for the early relating to a fire on Federal property; to the gJ.nize and consolidate certain functions of commercial demonstration of the technology Committee on the Judiciary . t he Federal Government in . a new Energy . of solar heating bY. the National Aeronautics By Mr. THONE: _ Research and Development Administration and Space Administration in cooperation H.R. 11848. A bill to amend the Internal a. ·.: d in a Nuclear Energy Commission in order with the National Bureau of Standards, the Revenue Code of 1954: to restrict the author­ t:> promote more efficient management of National Science Foundation, the Secretary ity for inspection of tax returns and the dis­ such functions; with amendment (Rept. No. of Housing and Urban Development, and closure of information contained therein, 93-707). Referred to the Committee of the other Federal agencies, and for the early de­ and for other purposes; to the Committee on Whole House on the State of the Union. velopment and commercial demonstration of Ways and Means. technology for combined solar heating and By Mr. TIERNAN (for himself, Ms. cooling; to the Committee on Science and CHISHOLM, Mr. CORMAN, Mr. DUN­ PUBLIC BILLS AND RESOLUTIONS Astronautics. CAN, Mr. FASCELL, Mr. FAUNTROY, Mr. By Mr. MELCHER: Under clause 4 of rule XXII, public HELSTOSKI, Mr. MILFORD, Mr. OBEY, H .R. 11840. A bill to review the present and Mr. RODINO) : bills and resolutions were introduced and and prospective uses of the lands of the H.R. 11849. A bill to authorize the Secre­ severally referred as follows: United States, and to stimulate the produc­ tary of Transportation to make grants and By Mr. BROTZMAN: tion of oil and gas from such lands, and for provide technical assistance to units of gen­ H.R. 11833. A bill to amend the Fair Labor other purposes; to the Committee on Interior eral local government to implement pro­ Standards Act of 1938 to increase the mini­ and Insular Affairs. grams which are designed to increase the use mum wage rates under that act, to expand By Mr. PATMAN (for himself, Mrs. of carpools by commuters; to the Cominittee the coverage of that act, and for other pur­ SULLIVAN, Mr. WIDNALL, and Mr. on Interstate and Foreign Commerce. poses; to the Committee on Education and WYLIE): By Mr. UDALL: Labor. H .R. 11841. A bill to authorize the Secre­ H.R. 11850. A bill to designate certain By Mr. DONOHUE: tary of the Treasury to change the alloy and lands in the Saguaro National Monument H.R. 11834. A bill to provide that a State weight of the 1-cent piece; to the Committee in the State of Arizona as wilderness, and or political subdivision may levy a tax with on Banking and Currency. for other purposes; to the Committee on respect to a federally assisted housing project By Mr. THORNTON: Interior and Insular Affairs. which under Federal law is otherwise exempt H.R. 11842. A bill to amend the Small Busi­ H.R. 11851. A bill to amend the Recreation from State and local taxes but is required ness Act to provide for loans to small busi­ and Public Purposes Act of 1926, as amended, to make payments in lieu of taxes, where ness concerns seriously affected by shortages to provide for the sale or transfer of public such payments are less than the amount of of energy producing materials, and for other lands to State and local governments for the taxes from which it is so exempt; to the purposes; to the Committee on Banking and public purposes; to the Committee on In­ Committee on Banking and Currency. Currency. terior and Insular Affairs. By Mr. RANDALL: By Mr. GINN: By Mr. WIDNALL (for himself and Mr. H.R. 11835. A bill to authorize the Secre­ H.R. 11843. A bill to prohibit the export BLACKBURN) : tary of the Interior to assist in the com­ of petroleum and petroleum products from the United States during the present energy H.R. 11852. A bill to increase the avail­ memoration of the Revolutionary War battle ability of urgently needed mortgage credit fought at Savannah, Ga., and for other pur­ crisis; to the Committee on Banking and Currency. for the financing of housing, and for other poses; to the Committee on Interior and purposes; to the Committee on Banking and Insular Affairs. By Mr. RODINO: Currency. By Mr. HARSHA: H.R. 11844. A bill to enlarge the trial jur­ H.R. 11836. A bill to direct the President isdiction of U.S. Inagistrates to encompass to halt all exports of gasoline, No. 2 fuel additional misdemeanors; to the Committee PRIVATE BILLS AND RESOLUTIONS oil, and propane gas until he determines on the Judiciary. that no shortage of such fuels exists in the By Mr. ROGERS {for himself, Mr. Under clause 1 of rule XXII, private United States; to the Committee on Banking KYROS, Mr. PREYER, Mr. SYMINGTON, bills and resolutions were introduced and and Currency. Mr. RoY, Mr. CARTER, Mr. HEINZ, and s·everally referred as follows: By Mr. KEMP: Mr. HUDNUT) : By Mr. COUGHLIN: H.R. 11837. A bill to prohibit common car­ H.R. 11845. A bill to amend the Public H.R. 11853. A bill for the relief of Produce riers in interstate commerce from charging Health Service Act and related laws to revise Factors Corp.; to the Committee on the Judi­ elderly people more than half fare for their and extend programs of health revenue shar:. ciary. transportation during nonpeak periods of ing and health delivery, and for other pur­ By Mr. RIEGLE: travel, and for other purposes; to the Com-. poses; to the Committee on Interstate and H.R. 11854. A bill for the relief of Dao Thi mittee on Interstate and Foreign Commerce. Foreign Commerce. My Linh and Dao Thi Anh Thu; to t-he Com­ H.R. 11838. A bill to amend sections 2516 By Mr. STEELE: mittee on the Judiciary. (1) and (2) of title 18 of the United States H.R. 11846. A bill to provide financial as­ By Mr. STUBBLEFIELD: Code to assure that all wiretaps and other sistance to the States for improved educa­ H.R. 11855. A bill for the relief of Miguel interceptions of communications which are tional services for exceptional children; to Angel Cuadra; to the Committee on the Judi­ authorized under that section have prior establish a National Clearinghouse on Excep- ciary.

EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS FEDERAL CIVILIAN EMPLOYMENT, vilian personnel report of the Joint Com­ month for which actual expenditures are OCTOBER 1973 mittee on Reduction of Federal Expendi­ available, was $2,748,088,000. These figures tures: are from reports certified by the agencies as FEDERAL CIVILIAN EMPLOYMENT, OCTOBER 1973 compiled by the Joint Committee on Reduc­ HON. GEORGE H. MAHON tion of Federal Expenditures. OF TEXAS Total civilian employment in the Execu­ EXECUTIVE BRANCH IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES tive, Legislative and Judicial Branches of the Federal Government in October was 2,779,068 Civilian employment in the Executive Friday, December 7, 1973 as compared with 2,782,260 in the preceding Branch in October, as compared with the Mr. MAHON. Mr. Speaker, I include a month of September-a net decrease of 3,192. preceding month of September and with release highlighting the October 1973 ci- Total pay for September 1973, the latest October a year ago, follows:

Tempo­ Tempo­ Full time rary, Full time rary, in per­ part in per­ part manent time, Total em- manent time, Total em- positions Change etc. Change ployment Change positions Change etc. Change ployment Change

Current change: September 1973 ...... 2, 403,496 ------335,779 ------2, 739,275 ------lZ-m8~t~b~~a{9~'t ______2, 475,904 ------297,737 ------2, 773,641 ------October 1973 ...•...... 2, 413,221 +9. 725 322,950 -12,829 2, 736, 171 -3, 104 October 1973 ______2, 413,221 -62,683 322,950 +25, 213 2, 736, 171 -37, 470 December 7, 19 73 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 40301 Some highlights with respect to Executive .of 2,413,221 reported for the month of Octo­ LEGISLATIVE AND JUDICIAL BRANCHES Branch employment for the month of Octo­ ber shows an increase of 9,725 as compared Employment in the Legislative Branch in ber are: with the previous month of September and October totaled 34,030, a decrease of 93 Total employment of Executive agencies it is 62,683 under the total reported a year as compared with the preceding month of shows a decrease of 3,104 during the month of ago. Of the 9,725 increase during October September, while employment in the Judicial october to a total of 2,736,171. Major de­ major increases were reported by Postal Service with 3,786, Defense with 3,115 and Branch totaled 8,867, an increase of 5 since creases were in Agriculture with 1,938, In­ September. terior with 1,781 and HEW with 1,582, par­ Treasury with 1 ,068. tially offset by an increase of 1,418 in De­ During the first four months of fiscal year UNIFORMED MILITARY PERSONNEL fense. 1974 there was a net decrease of 8,486 em­ ployees in full-time permanent positions. In the Department of Defense uniformed The 3,104 decrease in total Executive This represents an increase of 1,758 among military personnel totaled 2,226,822 for the agency employment reflects a usual decline the civilian agencies and a decrease of 10,244 month of October and civilian employment in regular seasonal employment and tem­ in Defense agencies. totaled 1,028,858. porary summer employment in federal oppor­ tunity programs for the disadvantaged. A comparison of total employment among the civilian and military agencies follows: In addition, Mr. Speaker, I would like In October there were 23,923 youths em­ to include a tabulation excerpted from ployed in federal opportunity programs for October September Change the joint committee report, on person­ the disadvantaged. This is a decrease of nel employed full time in permanent 8,546 from last month. Employment under Civilian agencies ______1, 707, 313 1, 711,835 -4,522 positions by executive branch agencies this program reached its peak in the month Military agencies ______1, 028,858 1, 027,440 of July when 63,331 youths were reported in +1. 418 during October 1973, showing compari­ temporary and part-time positions. Total, civilian sons with June 1972, June 1973, and the The full-time permanent employment level employment______2, 736, 171 2, 739,275 -3, 104 budget estimates for June 1974:

FULL-TIME PERMANENT EMPLOYMENT

Estimated Estimated October June 30, October June 30, June 1972 June 1973 1973 1974 June 1972 June 1973 1973 1974

Agriculture ______82, 511 81, 715 78, 991 78, 800 General Services Administration ______36, 002 35, 721 35, 332 37,800 Commerce ______--- ____ - 28,412 £8,300 27,846 28, 400 National Aeornautics and Space Adminis- Defense: tration ______------______27,428 25, 955 25, 844 25, 000 Civil functions ___ _------30,585 29,971 28, 516 1 30, 800 Panama CanaL _____ ------13, 777 13,680 13,662 14, 000 Military functions ______1, 009, 548 957,310 948, 521 956,000 Selective Service System ______5, 791 4, 607 3,492 4, 900 Health, Education, and Welfare ______105,764 114,307 118, 396 2 101, 800 Small Business Administration ______3, 916 4, 050 3, 982 4,100 Housing and Urban Development______15, 200 15, 820 15,412 2 13, 900 Tennessee Valley Authority ______14, 001 13, 995 13, 631 14,000 Interior ______--_ -- --- ___--_ ------56, 892 56,771 55, 907 56, 900 U.S. Information Agency ______Justice ______9, 255 9, 048 8, 917 9, 100 45,446 45,496 46, 911 47, 100 Veterans Administration______163,179 170, 616 171,522 170,000 Labor ______12,468 12, 260 12, 400 All other agencies ______33, 499 34, 610 34, 117 State ______12,339 35,800 22,699 22,578 22, 461 23, 400 Contingencies ______------______------__ 5,000 Agency for International Development_ 11,719 10,108 9, 685 9, 900 Transportation ______- - ___ ---_------67,232 67,885 67, 349 69,400 SubtotaL ______1, 910, 854 U.S. Postal Service ______1, 874,424 1,864, 389 1, 874, 100 Treasury ______------95, 728 98,087 100, 000 104, 000 594, 834 547, 283 548,832 564,500 Atomic Energy Commission ______6: 836 7, 145 7, 271 7, 400 Total 3______------____ Civil Service Commission ______5, 260 5, 911 6, 017 6, 000 2, 505, 688 2, 421, 707 2, 413,221 1 2 2, 438, 600 Environmental Protection Agency ______7,835 8, 270 8, 346 9,200

1 Excludes increase of 31,000 for civilianization program. a October figure excludes 1,062 disadva ntaged persons in public service cc; reers programs as 2 Excludes increase of approximately 15,000 in adult welfare catego ri es to be transferred to the compared with 1,175 in Septembe·r. Federal Government under Public Law 92-603. Source : As projected in 1974 budget document. It should be noted that the President has ordered reductio ns in the projected 1974 level, bu t information is not yet available.

FOR NEW ECONOMIC PLANS an international economic policy that will be 15, 1971, the Administration refused to use the servant rather than the master of do­ the power to impose price-wage restraints mestic needs-these are the economic prob­ provided by a Democratic Congress. The HON. CLEMENT J. ZABLOCKI lems of the years ahead. And 1974 is the freeze of Aug. 15, 1971 worked tolerably for OF WISCONSIN year for constructive first steps toward their a few months. But the history of Nixon price­ solution by the Democratic congressional IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES wage controls shows almost a death wish majority if its party is not to go the way of that they not succeed. Friday, December 7, 1973 the Whigs. Instead of the social contract that was As with all changes of Administration, the Mr. ZABLOCKI. Mr. Speaker, innova­ needed, labor was excluded from the original Republicans in 1968 inherited a mess. But formulation of controls. Wages have con­ tive and progressive steps are needed to today, after three years of stagnation and sistently been subjected to unfairly tighter be taken by the administration and the unemployment, a few months of sunshine, controls than prices. In the last year, for Congress if we will be successful in re­ and more than a year of inflationary misery, example, the weekly buying power of labor solving the major domestic and interna­ the mess is much worse. has actually declined by $3.15. Salaries and tional economic problems confronting Here is an attempt at Democratic diagnosis bonuses of corporate executives were al­ our Nation. and cure. A bill of particulars against the lowed to skyrocket. Administration would go something like this: Price-wage controls can work only as a With that objective in mind, I would (1) Unemployment and Poverty. For its supplement to sound fiscal and monetary like to insert the article "For New Eco­ first three years, the Administration at­ policies. As was said above, the Federal Gov­ nomic Plans," by our colleague, Repre­ tempted to fight inflation with unduly re­ ernment went on a 1972 election-year spend­ strictive fiscal and monetary policies. These ing and money-creating binge. A consumer sentative HENRY S. REUSS, Which ap­ policies succeeded in almost doubling the peared in the November 27 issue of the buying spree was allowed to run unchecked number of unemployed, and in forcing many because of the Administration's failure to use St. Louis Post-Dispatch. families into poverty, increasing the welfare the power Congress had given it to impose By calling the article to the attention rolls, interrupting the growth of family in­ controls over consumer credit. Worse, Ad­ of our colleagues, Mr. Speaker, I am come and of business profits. ministration tax policies still stoke the in­ hopeful that Representative REuss' In 1972, on the other hand, the Adminis­ flationary fires where they are hottest. The tration, alerted by the upcoming election investment tax credit and depreciation are views will contribute to a better under­ to the damage it had wrought, swung the standing of some of the constructive pendulum too far the other way. A sudden continuing to produce inflationary bottle­ steps needed to restore the economic surge of federal spending, and an 8.3 per cent necking in business plant and equipment. viability of our country: increase in the supply of new money, in­ Off-again-on-again controls have com­ tensified already serious inflationary pres­ pounded the problem. FOR NEW ECONOMIC PLANS sures. Today, a swing back to tight money The highest-flying item in 1973's runaway (By Representative HENRYS. REUSS) has produced t he threat of a. new period of cost of living is food. For this, a. large part Full employment without lnfia.tion; an stagnation a.nd unemployment. of the blame must fall on the Department of improved distribution of income and wealth; (2) Inflation and Shortages. Prior to Aug. Agriculture and its 1972 performance. The ' r ' 'ft l t. - f ' 40302 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS December 7, 1973 i:>e'partment kept restricting the production represent the consumer:._tn increasing sup­ This, of course, raises a serious question as of meat, grain and poultry. Then, lulled by ply and opposing Governmental agencies to whether we can believe the petroleum ex­ its own bad forecasting, it engineered the such as the Interstate Commerce Commis­ port figures that the Administra tion and its Russian wheat deal that helped exacerbate sion, which themselves inhibit competition. agencies are reporting. The way these expol't our own shortages. (4) International economics. Rather than numbers are gathered appears to be a joke. In many other commodities, the Adminis­ get ourselves into another bind by going Please bear with me a moment: (a) the tration's shortage policies contributed to the back to fixed exchange rates for the United ship loads up with oll at a terminal; (b) ex­ inflation. Mr. Nixon's veto of the measure to States, we should continue to float, with in­ porting oil does not require a license or other increase medical education has helped to ternationally agreed rules for intervention. documentation; (c) the customs official at make health bills higher today. Mr. Nixon's Democrats should and will support the main the port has no authority to check the actual retention of oil import quotas has helped outlines of the Administration's trade bill. cargo but is merely a paper collector; (d) the not only to raise the price of gasoline and To fend off a balance of payments deficit shipper is required to file an export declara­ heating oil, but to retard the building of that has damaged us immeasurably abroad, tion identifying the cargo within four days vitally needed refinery capacity in the United and to keep the dollar from depreciating after the ship has left port; (e) if a question States. further in the face of our expected greater is raised as to the reliability of the export The inflationary problem has been height­ import outlays for oil and raw materials, we declaration, the ship is long gone; (f) these ened by what the Administration calls the must eliminate the biggest single red-ink export declarations are then passed on to the dollar's "undervaluation" since last March­ item in our payments deficits-military ex­ Census Bureau which then publishes these the extra depreciation of the dollar created penditures abroad. completely unverified figures. by international lack of confidence in the As you know, there is a growing incentive Nixon Administration. to export oil and bring it back into the At the moment, most economists are pre­ United States to circumvent the Phase IV dicting a. slowdown for 1974-a slowdown price controls. For example, earlier this week, produced by chillingly high prices and inter­ EXPORTS OF PETROLEUM AND No. 2 home heating oll was being offered in est rates, a. sharp drop in home construction, PETROLEUM PRODUCTS the New York area for $.67 a gallon which is a. tapering off of the consumer buying spree, three times the allowed price under Phase an energy shortage and a. worldwide econom­ IV. We thought at first there was a black ic slowdown that will hurt our export sales. HON. JOHN D. DINGELL market operating, but it turned out to be imported oil that can be sold at any price. A slowdown means that unemployment will OF MICHIGAN go up again, with cruel repercussions on Now, that is what I call an incentive to ex­ those it hits first--blacks and other minor­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES port either overtly or covertly! ities, young people and women. Friday, December 7, 1973 I am finding it easier to believe the rumors What is to be done? In my view, the task circulating about the surreptitious shipping ahead for the Democrats is along these Mr. DINGELL. Mr. Speaker, in regard of oil outside the country and either having lines: to the current energy crisis, I believe it it refined abroad and shipping the petroleum (1) The public sector. The public squalor would be beneficial for my colleagues in product back in as imported product or of today must give way to a new sense of the House to be aware of a letter which merely falsifying ship documents and trans­ public responsibility. High on the list of na­ I have today sent to the Honorable Wil­ porting the product directly back in as an tional priorities should be a public service import. employment program to banish the scourge liam E. Simon, Director of the Federal I think it is an outrage that the Adminis­ of unemployment, perform useful services, Energy Administration, in reference to tration has not appreciated this incentive and eliminate the temptation toward infla­ reports of continued exports of petro­ to surreptitiously export petroleum and have tionary across-the-board overspending; an leum and petroleum products during this not added staff or increased the number of adequate minimum welfare payment for all time of critical domestic shortage. authorized staff inspections to protect who cannot work (combining allowances for I insert the text of this letter at this against this potential fraud. dependency, food stamps, medicaid, hous­ point in the RECORD: What is the Administration's justification ing); comprehensive national health insur­ for not designating petroleum as a strategic WASHINGTON, D.C., December 7, 1973. ance; block grants for housing and com­ commodity and banning the export entirely? munity development; expanded programs in Hon. WILLIAM E. SIMON, It is very difficult to explain to my con­ education, public health, the environment, Director, Federal Energy Administration, stituents that oil companies are still free to mass transit; research and development in Washington, D.C. export petroleum, as it is not a strategic DEAR MR. SIMON: I am increasingly dis­ commodity, while at the same the Adminis­ new forms of clean energy. turbed by reports of continued exports of At noninflationary full employment, the tration and the Department of Defense are petroleum and petroleum products during taking 19.7 million barrels away from the expenditures of government at all levels this period of critical domestic shortage. This should be balanced by equivalent revenues. domestic consumers of America by invoking raises a number of serious issues. the Defense Production Act. At the federal level, this should be achieved On November 27, 1973, the Congress passed partly by a reordering of priorities (away I believe this should be stopped. Public Law 93-159, the "Emergency Petro­ As I am a Member of House Interstate and from excessive military expenditures and leum Allocation Act of 1973." Section 4 of unnecessary subsidies, as for private aviation Foreign Commerce Committee actively en­ that bill prohibits the exportation of gaged in preparing the National Energy and large corporate farms); partly from the petroleum: growth in revenues to be obtained by full Emergency Act legislation for full Congres­ "d. The regulation under subsection (a) sional consideration, I would appreciate re­ employment. shall require that crude oll, residual fuel oil, ceiving at your earliest opportunity a full re­ (2) Tax reform. Tax reform should be and all refined petroleum products which are promptly and comprehensively undertaken, port along with your comments and recom­ produced or refined within the United States mendations which you might plan to suggest. to achieve equity, to augment the revenues shall be totally allocated for use by ultimate and to counter economic inefficiency (for in­ Thank you for your attention to my users within the United States, to the extent request. stance, the present exemption from taxation practicable and necessary to accomplish the Sincerely yours, of capital gains at death induces security objectives of subsection (b)." JOHN D. DINGELL, holders to overbold; the exemption of un­ My staff, in talking to officials in the Office Member of Congress. repatriated foreign income of American mul­ of Export Administration, Department of tinational corporations encourages overin­ Commerce, which has jurisdiction over the vestment and discourages exports, all to the enforcement of export control programs and damage of our balance of payments). Tax the Customs Bureau, which collects the data reform should aim to improve the revenues on exports, learned that both agencies are WORDS TO HEED ON GREECE by 15-20 billion dollars annually, and to per­ unaware of this recently passed law and are mit some effective tax reduction for moder­ obviously not enforcing it. HON. MICHAEL HARRINGTON ate-income taxpayers, as by shifting some My staff further found that even if the of the burden of the social security tax to Office of Export Administration were told to OF MASSACHUSETTS general revenues. move forward with this authority, the Office IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES (3) Inflation control. Phase IV is far too would have no capability for enforcing the Friday, December 7, 1973 imperfect and stifling to be tolerated in­ program.. I was shocked to find that for the definitely. But it must not be simply aban­ range of export control programs the Office Mr. HARRINGTON. Mr. Speaker, Mr. doned. Rather it should be replaced by: is responsible for enforcing, the Office has George Anastaplo is a lecturer at the (a) a permanent price-wage review board, only five commodity inspectors to cover the University of Chicago. He has sent me to examine and, if needed, to set ceilings on entire country. Two of these inspectors are two letters to editors recently concern­ prices (and on wages where the increase permanently stationed at John F. Kennedy the would compel a price increase) in the cost­ Airport. ing recent coup in Greece and the push, administered-price sectors of the econ­ Therefore, are there only three inspectors similarity between our own country and omy, such as steel, automobiles, rubber, oil to enforce the progx·am at the hundreds of the situation in Greece a few years ago and aluminum; airports, ship terminals, border crossings, and when the monarchy was overthrown. I do (b) an independent price ombudsman to other such terminals in the United States? not know Mr. Anastaplo personally, but December 7, 1973 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 40303 his warnings deserve the attention of him to the Greek people as the best way to tion or training. And I have proposed a each Member of Congress. Therefore, I avoid the even bloodier crises which now program for funding such an endeavor threaten their country. based on the Federal Government issu:. would like to insert his two letters in the' Greece may be the only country in the RECORD at this time: world today where the genuine popular al­ ing bicentennial bonds to finance the ATHENS AND WATERGATE: A MORAL? ternative to domestic tyranny is so moderate program at no cost to the taxpayer. DEAR Sm: It might well be instructive, and so experienced a politician as Mr. Kara­ We must recognize, however, that ac­ in order to assess soberly what is going on manlis. What more can the Greeks or the cess to schools does not automatically in Washington these days, to recollect what United States hope for? Dare we or they risk reveal a successful education. It has h appened in Athens in recent years. further deterioration in Greece and in Amer­ ·measures only the exposure of a par­ In April 1967, a clique of colonels betrayed ican-Greek relations? ticular age :..,Toup to whatever educational t heir oaths and their king by seizing the GEORGE ANASTAPLO, institutions exist, not the quality of the government of Greece. They have held it Lecturer in the Liberal Ar ts, the Univer­ experience they will find there. ever since as a military dictatorship with sity of Chicago; Professor of Political civilian trappings. Much of the responsibility Science, Rosary College. The simple fact is that we are not for this violent usurpation lay with the P.S. You may use as much as you like of providing quality free public education leaders of the principal political parties in the above identification as well as of the fol­ to all of our Nation's children. In many Greece. That is, a constitutional crisis had lowing Information: I have, in recent years, cases, we are not providing free public been permitted by them to fester for two published a number of articles in this coun­ education at all. Nor has our educational years--so much so that desperate measures try on current Greek affairs. Because of these system been particularly subtle in whom could then be exploited by unprinr!ipled articles I was declared persona non grata by it excludes-in a nord, they are the soldiers who saw their chance to take over. the Greek government in 1970. Greece has suffered ever since--in long­ exceptional children, the handicapped, term economic distortions, in a damaging and gifted. alienation from the European community, While most State constitutions guar­ and in a corruption of political morale which EDUCATION FOR EXCEPTIONAL antee free education as a basic right, all is likely to endure a long time. Chance will CHILDREN ACT the States-with the exception of Missis­ have far too much to say about whether the sippi-which has no compulsory educa­ Greeks can return to normal constitutional tion law-have statutory provisions life without first plunging into a debilitating HON. ROBERT H. STEELE which authorize school authorities to civll conflict. OF CONNECTICUT The trials of the Greek people are ulti­ exclude certain children from public mately the responsibility of the leaders (in­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES schools. cluding a then young and inexperienced Friday, December 7, 1973 Originally, these exclusion provisions king) who self-righteously refused, before were intended to exempt children from Apri11967, to come to terms with one another. Mr. STEELE. Mr. Speaker, I am today compulsory education laws if their par­ Had these leaders preserved their sense of introducing legislation to provide a quan­ ents felt they were not physically or proportion, the self-serving colonels would tum jump in the number and quality of mentally capable of attending regular never have found an opportunity to make special education programs available to school. But regardliess of the reasons for their long-planned move. Politics were quite "exceptional children," that is, our gifted exciting in Athens those days--but also quite such provisions in the past, the results irresponsible and, ultimately, quite destruc• and our handicapped youngsters. This are not patently clear: Thousands of tive of orderly political life. · legislation mandates that government at handicapped children .are being denied In Washington, too, politics have been all levels has a basic responsibility to their right to an education. quite exciting the past year. provide each such child with a free, pub­ There are some 7 million handicapped Respectfully yours, lic education suited to his or her special children in the United States. Close to GEORGE ANASTAPLO, needs. And it provides the tools to do so: 60 percent of these children are being Lecturer in the Liberal Arts, the Univer­ increased Federal funding, major tea.ch­ denied the educational programs they sity of Chicago,· Professor of Political ing training programs, intensified re­ Science, Rosary College. need to have full equality of opportunity. search into the field. One million of them have been excluded THE KARAMANLIS SOLUTION FOR GREECE ow·s is a fast moving country. Yet cer­ from public schools entirely. To the Editor: tain things have remained constant For most of these children, educa:. The crisis which has toppled the bloody throughout our history. One is the deep tional services are something they will Papadopoulos dictatorship in Athens cannot belief in the importance of education receive only through the perseverance be resolved, or even smothered, by recourse in our national life. and sacrifice--often at prohibitive cost­ to still another military strong man. This The traditional measure of progress in of their parents. Tragically, the educa­ crisis is rooted in the incompetence and ar­ education has been growth. The number rogance of colonels who cannot be expected tion they are likely to receive will in no of students enrolled, the number of way prepare them for full, useful, and re­ to handle intelligently the complex social schools in existence, the amount of and economic problems of Greece. Such warding lives. · usurpers cannot enlist the necessary services money spent-these have been the wa.ys During the 1971-72 school year, there and good will of the better professionals, poli­ we gauge how effectively we have edu­ were seven States in which less than 20 ticians and military officers of that country cated our children. percent of the population of handicapped for the great work of reconciliation and And on that basis we have had re­ children were provided educational serv­ austerity which Greece so desperately needs. markable success. ices. In 19 States, 31 percent or less of The shortsighted role played by our gov­ Between 1{\55 and 1965, the number ernment since the colonels first took over the handicapped population was served. of high school graduates increased more Only 17 States served more than 50 per­ in 1967 has already (and perhaps even per­ 85 manently) compromised, in the eyes of the than percent; the number of those cent of all handicapped children. resentful Greek people, our legitimate in­ graduates going on to college increased And if we examine this by disability terests in that country and hence in the 110 percent. Today more than half our group, the disparity is all the more strik­ Middle East. Among our mistakes of the past young people enter college, while only ing. In 1971, only 57 percent of all train­ six years has been that of publicly backing 20 years ago the number was less than able mentally retarded children; 52 per:. the wrong men in Greece. I have found, in 25 percent. my visits at the State Department and the In the last 2 decades, the total number cent of all speech impaired children; 45 Pentagon dUring this period, that our policy­ of institutions of higher education has percent of all crippled or orthopedically makers have been remarkably unequipped handicapped children; 13 percent of all to consider seriously the long-range conse­ increased from 1,850 to nearly 2,500 and serious emotionally disturbed children; quences of the policies they were pursuing the average enrollment in these schools and only 26 percent of all children with in Greece. has rloubled. multiple handicaps received an educa­ We should, before still another dictator Total education outlays, public and tion. becomes consolidated in Athens, try to re­ private, have been increasing at 2% deem somewhat our good name by using times the rate of the gross national Take, for example, the nationwide our remaining influence in Greece and NATO product-which itself has grown nearly situation as it relates to children who to help the Greek people recover control of fourfold since 1950. are deaf or are hearing impaired. The their own affairs. This can best be done, it Bureau of Education for the Handicap­ seems to me, by vigorously encouraging the Indeed, this is remarkable growth­ colonels to step aside for Constantine Kara­ growth which must be nurtured until ped in the Federal Government's Depart­ m~nlis, the man whose prestige as a former every young American has the oppor­ ment of Health, Education, and Welfare conservative prime minister still recommends tunity for 4 free years of higher educa- has estimated that there are some 348,- 40304 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS December 7, 1973 600 children under the age of 19 who are the funds had to revert back to the concluded that education of the gifted hard of hearing, yet only 49,315 of these Treasury. Because of bureaucratic red­ was of so little concern to Federal, State, youngsters are being served by special tape, the Office of Education was unable and most local governments that it best education. And of the 52,300 deaf chil­ to make these awards in time, so rather could be described as "nonexistent on the dren in the same age bracket, only 35,- than lose the funding, it backdated the national agenda." 624 are receiving such educational serv­ contracts and grants. Much of the reason for this is that we ices. In other words, despite the successes There are severru things wrong with have been inhibited by the feeling that of our educational system in some areas, this procedure--one of them is that it is any special attention to the gifted is 321,161 deaf and hard of hearing chil­ illegal. somehow alien to the true purposes of dren nationwide are not receiving the The Congress-struggling to regain education in a democratic society-that kind of education they so desperately control over the budget-forced the De­ gifted youngsters can do it on their own. need and deserve. This is unacceptable. partment of Health, Education, and Wel­ But a bright mind will not always make We, in Connecticut, are more fortu­ fare-which oversees the Office of Ed­ its own way. Intellectual and creative nate than those in most other parts of ucation-to redate these forms accu­ talent cannot survive educational neglect the country. Some 55,000 to 57,000 school­ rately. But the result was to throw the and apathy. children--or about 8 percent of all Con­ expenditures for them into the 1973 fis­ Education must meet the needs of stu­ necticut's public school pupils-are pres­ cal year. And so to stay within its spend­ dents. All students. ently being served by State special edu­ ing limits for that year, HEW slashed In today's schools, gifted children are cation programs. Almost 40,000 of these the funds that had been originally locked in by structural and administra­ children receiving special education are budgeted for special education programs. tive restrictions that inhibit their de­ youngsters with learning disabilities or This is not just a matter of Govern­ velopment. They are denied access to are neurologically impaired youngsters, ment accounting procedures. These are the kinds of advanced materials that will speech impaired youngsters or children funds which should have reached chil­ allow them to truly use their minds. who are emotionally disturbed. dren-children with learning disabili­ They are unsatisfied in their intellectual But despite the inroads we have been ties which make them unable to take pursuits. able to make in Connecticut, we still need full advantage of our public schools Some American educators have be­ to do more. It is estimated that as much without special help. come more responsive to individual dif­ as 12 percent of the school age popula­ Now those children may not get the ferences among students. However, the tion-between 3 years 8 months and 21 money. degree of this falls far short of the re­ years--could be in need of special educa­ The Congress has provided some $26 quirements of the gifted child. As former tion. million in additional funds to aid these U.S. Commissioner of Education, Sydney And it is important to remember that youngsters. But the Department of Marland, has noted, Connecticut is not typical of the rest of Health, Education, and Welfare is re­ Rearranging desks in a circle rather than the Nation. fusing to spend $12.5 million of this. in straight rows may help free a teacher, but It is impossible to justify our nation­ It is this kind of callous indifference it is not enough in schools that number wide situation. The blunt truth is that to the welfare of our children that has among their pupils potential poets, philoso­ for far too long Government has been prevented us from meeting our obliga­ phers, scientists and social leaders. willing to condemn generation after tion to provide each and every one of What is needed is a national effort to generation of handicapped youngsters to them with a full opportunity for a mean­ assure the gifted and talented child of an lives without hope and without help. ingful life. education which will allow him to fully That is not to say that we have not Concerned citizens have taken this develop all his abilities. made any progress. In 1971, some 799 particular matter to court, in an attempt We are making a beginning. bills were introduced in State legisla­ to force HEW to spend those funds as Last year a Federal Office of Gifted tures which sought to provide educa­ the Congress directed. Hopefully, we will and Talented Education was established tional services for handicapped children; soon have a final ruling in this matter in the Bureau of Education for the handi­ 237 of these bills were passed. We have which will insure that these funds reach capped. But the Federal task at this increased Federal assistance to the the children who need them so much. point is limited to awakening interest States for this purpose from a mere $45 But it is not enough to rely on indi­ in education for the gifted-funds are million 5 years ago to $215 million in the vidual court rulings to provide quality virtually nonexistent. I believe that we 1972 fiscal year. But this has been a token educational programs for exceptional can do better. I believe that we can bring expenditure. children. What is needed is a full-scale quality education to every gifted stu­ The progress we have made is simply national effort to assure all children of dent by 1976. I believe we must. not enough. a free, appropriate public education Nor can we deny full educational op­ It is time for us to recognize that whicl- will allow them to develop to their portunity to any other child, regardless handicapped children are, above all, full individual capabilities. of his potential for making contributions children. They have the same rights as But the handicapped are not the only to our society. Education is the right of any other child to live, to learn, to be children who are not receiving the kind all. free. Last August, this view was affirmed of educational experience which they That is why I am today introducing by a U.S. District Court which declared need and deserve. Ironically, those who legislation to provide a quantum jump that all handicapped children have a have been termed our most precious re­ in the number and quality of special edu­ constitutional right to full, free, public source, have likewise been overlooked­ cation programs available to exceptional education. It is up to us to assure that our gifted youngsters. children. that right is a reality. In the past, the existence of gifted chil­ This legislation provides a basic en­ We must not lose sight of the fact that dren has scarcely been acknowledged by titlement to each State to aid them in we are talking about human beings. An our formal institutions of education. And expanding their efforts in educating all too common failing of government is even when their presence has been rec­ these children; it provides grants for the that it forgets that what is at stake in ognized, their needs have been neglected. training of teachers and supervisors to issues such as this is the well-being of There are at least 2 million children help guide these youngsters. It estab­ people. who should be considered as gifted-yet lishes a national clearinghouse to facili­ There is no better-nor more tragic­ even the most generous estimates claim tate the interchange of information and example of this than the recent bureau­ that only 80,000 of these youngsters are ideas relating to this area of education cratic bungling of the Federal Office of now receiving appropriate education. It sets stringent guidelines to assure that Education-bungling that has adversely Only 10 States-including Connecticut-­ exceptional children receive the best edu­ affected the education and lives of thou­ have a full-time person responsible for cation possible. And it mandates-as a sands of children with learning disabili­ gifted and talented education. Only 22 matter of congressional policy-that ties. States have laws to provide funds for each and every youngster in this coun­ Last year, the Office of Education got their education. And many of these try js entitled to a free, appropriate pub­ behind schedule in processing grants and States have never appropriated funds. lic education. contracts for the 1972 fiscal year-grants This situation is best summed up in Our present educational system has that had to be made by June 30, 1972, or a 1971 Office of Education report that tended to neglect, and even exclude, ex- . December 7, 1973 EXTENSIONS OF REMA;RKS 40305 ceptional children-children with unusal People are concerned about principles and called "red tape" associated with many learning needs, the gifted, the handi­ effectiveness in their government because of "merit system'• operations. For example, they capped. They must not be neglected any a crisis in confidence in our time which simply cannot understand why it requires :makes people distrustful and very doubtful six weeks to two months, on the average, to longer. of the credibility of their government. fill a vacancy. Our challenge is to provide each and For these reasons alone, it is important As you know, there is some substance to every one of them with a quality edu­ that we go back to basic principles-such as these views, especially where defenders of cation. the merit principles in public employment­ merit confuse archaic trappings and pro­ I believe that we can meet that in a.n attempt to increase confidence in our cedures with the merit principles them­ challenge. public institutions and to improve delivery selves. Unnecessarily restrictive and ineffec­ of services. . tive personnel administration has resulted in What do I mean when I talk about ment a serious lack of integrity in many person­ principles? I mean those six fundamental nel systems. We all know what I am referring principles of sound personnel management to. PUBLIC PERSONNEL SYSTEMS IN set forth in the Intergovernmental Personnel It centers around the widespread view that EFFECTIVE GOVERNMENT Act (IPA) that provided for: merit requirements are something to "get 1. Recruiting, selecting, and advancing around." Not only is "beating the system" employees on the basis of their relative abil­ widely practiced-many seem to pride them­ HON. DAVID N. HENDERSON ity, knowledge, and skills; . selves on their ability to do so. And, in some 2. Equitable and adequate compensation, OF NORTH CAROL~A instances, they are aided and abetted by 3. Training employees as needed to assure personnel officers. When these efforts are IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES high-quality performance; directed against procedural requirements Friday, December 7, 1973 4. Retaining employees on the basis of the which have nothing to do with merit prin­ adequacy of their performance, correcting ciples, or may even be contrary to them, crit­ Mr. HENDERSON. Mr. Speaker, in inadequate performance and separating em­ icism of the violators will have little sup­ these days when people are concerned ployees whose poor perforznance cannot be port. This is true even when the violations about the effectiveness of their Govern­ corrected; also impact on the basic merit principles. Yet ment, because of the crisis in confidence 5. Assuring fair treatment of applicants it is an entirely different zna.tter when some at this particular time which makes them and employees in all aspects of pers~nnel managers or personnel practitioners sacrifice administration without regard to polltical principles to expediency. distrustful and very doubtful of the cred­ afiiliation, race, color, national origin, sex or ibility of their Government, it is re­ What such persons fail to recognize is that religious creed, and with proper regard for when they bend the merit principles to freshing to find a forthright statement their privacy and constitutional rights as "beat the system"-they may also be violat­ by one of our top career civil servants, citizens; a.nd ing the law and they are reflecting seriously Mr. Bernard Rosen, Executive Director, 6. Assuring that employees are protected on the credibility of the merit concept and U.S. Civil Service Commission. His ad­ against coercion for partisan polit~cal pur­ the effective, fair operation of our demo­ dress on November 27, 1973, to the Inter­ poses and are prohibited from usmg their cratic government. national Conference on Personnel Ad­ official authority for the purpose of inter­ Here is the naked truth: When declina­ fering with or affecting the result of an elec­ tions are solicited to bring a favored candi­ ministration in Miami, Fla., summarized tion or a nomination for office. some of the reasons for the people's lack date within reach on a. certificate of eligibles, There is nothing negative about these the solicitor is breaking the law. of confidence in effective government principles. They should make perfect sense When a job description is tailored to the and suggests courses of action which can to personnel professionals. ~hey should be qualifications of an individual in order to be taken by our public administrators to embraced as the essence of fanness and com­ mon sense by public managers. They pro­ minimize competition for the real duties restore such confidence. of the job, the perpetrator is breaking the Our Subcommittee on Manpower and vide a blueprint for sound personnel man­ law. agement and a. keystone to effective When a position description is deliberately Civil Service is deeply concerned with government. providing the American public with the If this is true, and I believe it is, why do overblown to raise the grade of a job--and most effective government services pos­ we hear so much criticism of public person­ thus the pay-the supervisor involved is breaking the law. sible. May I take this occasion to com­ nel administration? The Pendleton Act became law for our Na­ All of these illustrate illegal acts, and mend the many dedicated career public they are often analogous to stealing from the servants, both managers and rank and tional Government 90 years ago, and similar laws at the State and local level have been pocket of the taxpayer. Representatives of a. file employees, for their outstanding con­ enacted since that time. The primary thrust personnel office or Civil Service Commission tribution toward this objective. of these early laws was toward more integ­ who condone such practices are party not Because of the vital importance of this rity in government, better performance in only to falsification of official documents but matter, I believe that Mr. Rosen's re­ government and continuity in government. are guilty of a. much greater offense. Their marks warrant wide circulation. over the' years, however, the basic rela­ conduct undermines personnel management Mr. Speaker, for this reason I include tionship between merit principles and ef­ principles which are not only sound and the full text as part of my remarks: fective government has become blurred. workable but essential to honest and effective There is insufficient understanding or ac­ government! ADDRESS BY BERNARD ROSEN, EXECUTn'E D~REC­ ceptance by the public, by politicians, by Failures to take appropriate disciplinary TOR, U.S. CIVU. SERVICE COMMISSION AT THE action under merit principles are also serious 1973 INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON PER• managers, and yes, by too many personnel professionals, that merit principles, faith­ infractions. Take the case of the supervisor soNNEL ADM~ISTRATION, MIAMI, FLA., No­ fully followed, are a great guarantee for or manager who fails to correct inadequate VEMBER 27, 1973 good government-that is: honest and effec­ performance of a subordinate. Not only is he It is very appropriate tha.t the oldest and tive government. being unfair by not helping the employee most prestigious organization of public per­ It is an unfortunate fact that merit sys­ to improve performance; if he tolerates sonnel professionals should be considering tems are viewed by many people as essen­ inadequate performance, he is cheating the merit principles a.nd effective government a.t tially negative and restrictive-they see taxpayers who are not getting the perform­ this conference. merit principles as a. series of "thou sh.alt ance their tax dollars pay for. Principles a.nd effectiveness are two words nots." Too often this view from the outs1de You can run through the range of per­ of particularly high concern at this time. is refiected and perpetuated from the in­ sonnel operations and find znany other exam­ People are concerned about principles and side--even by personnel practitioners who ples-failing to promote the best quali­ effectiveness in their government because know better, or at least should. There is a fied . . . providing training opportunities they know that government decisions affect tendency to translate merit principles into for personal favorites who znay not be the them in important ways. A May 1973 Lou so-called merit systems which emphasize the ones who should be given the training. Harris Poll indicated that more than 80 per­ negative, restrictive, and the protective as­ Each is a violation of merit principles. cent-four out of every five persons-thought pects of personnel administration. Often Each is unfair to taxpayers and employees. that decisions znade by the government a.t overlooked are the fiexibtlities and the posi­ And inevitably the question arises: Should the State, local, and national level were im­ tive values of merit principles to the peo­ not the offenders be punished? When the portant to them. ple being served, to administrators. and to offense is very serious, should not the penalty People are concerned about principles and be severe? effectiveness in their government because employees. government is costly. Payroll costs alone, ex­ Some public officials view the personnel Responsible public administrators would clusive of fringe benefits, for all three levels procedures established to assure conformity not run the risk of violating rules and laws of government in the United States come to with the "merit system" as restrictions and regulating financial matters. When dealing about $9 billion for a.n average month. At the limitations on their own judgment and free­ with money matters, they religiously con­ State and local level, payroll costs, exclusive dom to do their jobs. form to requirements because they know of fringe benefits, are running close to 50c of Managers who are of necessity forced to be that violations can bring dismissal and even every dollar spent. results-oriented, bridle under delays and so imprisonment. 40306 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS December 7, 1973 We need to help managers recognize that In some localities, personnel systems increasingly complex and inter-dependent in personnel operations, public trust and founded on merit principles have been estab­ society. public funds are involved every bit as much lished for the first time. That a national interest does exist in a as in contracting-and that violations of And a wide array of actions have been high caliber of public service in State and personnel laws can bring severe penalties. taken under the Emergency Employment Act local governments. But it is not enough to play policeman to remove artificial barriers to the employ­ And that the quality of public service at and enforcer to insure integrity and ment and advancement of the disadvantaged. all levels of government can be improved by accountability in public personnel manage­ Proponents of sound public management the development of merit-based personnel ment. We need to do much more than can be further encouraged by the report of systems. maintain vigilance for violations--we need the advisory council on Intergovernmental Our work is already underway, but to para- to prevent them. To truly prevent them we Personnel Policy which recommended that phrase Mr. Frost: need to make sure the personnel system is Chief Executives of States and localities de­ "The woods are lovely, dark and deep. effective and that public managers under­ velop comprehensive merit personnel sys­ But we have promises to keep stand and appreciate how they can benefit tems for all of their programs. And miles to go before we sleep." by following merit principles. We need to Within the Federal Government we are It is a worthy cause we serve and it does make them aware of the fiexibilities legit­ taking actions to update and strengthen basic warrant our best efforts! imately available and, in fact, inherent in aspects of personnel administration. Perhaps merit principles. one of the most significant things we are Certainly, the "shalt nots" of merit prin­ doing at the national level is installing and ciples are important to help insure integ­ refining a system of management by objec­ rity and accountabliity in public personnel tives-a concept which has been defined as CANADIAN SAYS "LET'S STOP CRIT­ management. But that is only one side of the concentrating first on doing the right things ICIZING AMERICA" coin. anci then doing things right. The purpose is We need somehow to strike a balance­ to establish goals and objectives in the per­ one that makes clear, on the one hand, that sonnel management area which will facilitate HON. SAM STEIGER the maintenance of merit principles is essen­ the accomplishment of our national program OF ARIZONA tial to assure integrity and accountability in priorities. We need to show our program IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES public personnel management; and on the managers how effective merit-based person­ other, one that broadcasts the message, and nel management systems will help them ac­ Friday, December 7, 1973 demonstrates convincingly by our actions, complish their program objectives. When we Mr. STEIGER of Arizona. Mr. Speaker, that adherence to merit principles by man­ have done that we will be more secure in their agers will bring positive benefits in terms of managerial scheme of things. I would like to call to the attention of operational effectiveness and accomplishment One of our basic objectives is to make a my colleagues an address delivered re­ of mission. fundamental effort to reach the Federal man­ cently in Montreal, Canada, by Geoff So those of us with primary responsibility ager, to convince him that his objectives can Stirling, chairman of the board of Mai­ for preserving merit principles and ensuring best be achieved through an effective, merit­ sonneuve Broadcasting Co. Mr. Stirling that we have effective public personnel sys­ based personnel system. For example, we are is a winter resident of Wickenburg, Ariz., tems have a vital operational, educational, redirecting and intensifying our training for and his address was reprinted in the and interpretive job to do. managers, to improve management of govern­ We need to demonstrate and emphasize ment programs by improving managers. In November 15 edition of the Wickenburg that the application of merit principles goes the process, more managers will be made Sun. The address follows: hand-in-hand with the basic objective of aware of the importance of effective person­ LET'S STOP CRITICIZING AMERICA AND REALIZE every responsible manager-to get his orga- . nel management as part of their overall man­ ITS BEAUTY AND ITS NOBILITY nization's work done as efficiently and effec­ agement responsibilities. And they will focus During the past months it has become tively as possible. on the merit of adhering to merit principles. the sophistry of the moment to make fun And if we do our job well, we will no longer We are also working with top management of the Watergate hearings and the corruption have: in Federal agencies to improve their systems they are demonstrating by taking an anti­ Inappropriate selection criteria, such as for personnel management evaluation. Here, American position on the part of many lack of valid tests or educational and expe­ we are stressing the linkage between evalu­ foreigners, who find it easy to forget the rience requirements still being widely used ation of personnel management and orga­ greatness that is the United States of Amer­ with the result that those best qualified for nizational effectiveness and productivity. ica. All of us are free today because of that the work are not the first to be hired. And we are taking other actions to assure greatness. We will no longer have: that managers are aware of their responsi­ The American Constitution and the Dec­ Competition for employment unnecessarily bilities for maintaining merit principles as laration of Independence are probably the restricted by such devices as unreasonable well as the benefits that will accrue to them most enlightened documents on the face of physical and residency requirements. in the process. this earth. They, more than anything else, We will no longer have: We commend some of these approaches for represent the true American character, which Full-blown patronage hiring systems­ consideration in other jurisdictions, and we is unbelievable generosity, a willingness to some complete with assessments for regular would welcome suggestions from your van­ admit mistakes and to strive constantly for political party contributions with the result tage point that we might use in the Fooeral greatness. that the employes' loyalty is not completely civil service. Those of us who love America, know in and solely to the public interest. Although merit principles and effective our hearts that God truly blessed that great We w111 no longer have: government may not be generally accepted as country, which is now publicly displaying These and many more practices, policies, synonymous, my view is that they can and its own purification process, just as it has or procedures inconsistent with merit prin­ should be. I firmly believe that merit prin­ always openly and courageously faced every ciples and plainly working against good gov­ ciples faithfully followed are our best guar­ crisis since George Washington declared the ernment. antee of honest and effective government. United States of America. The United States If we want to change such practices, estab­ But, it is clear that we, as public person­ will emerge from the present crisis stronger lish and maintain integrity in personnel ad­ nel practitioners, have a big improvement and more glorious than ever. It has the ministration, and demonstrate the validity and educational job to do to gain awareness vitality and strength to solve any problem, of merit principles, we need to take a hard and appreciation of this truth. It is also ap­ but it now needs from its friends the en­ look at such procedures masquerading as parent that the message must be made loud couragement of faith. Let us therefore put essential elements in merit systems--and we and clear to those inside our systems before behind us the temptation to criticize and must make needed changes. we can make believers of those outside. feel self righteous. I am heartened by our experience under There has always been a tendency to over­ I lived, for ten years, in a little town called the Intergovernmental Personnel Act. We see look "the people" side of the public service, Wickenburg, in the middle of Arizona, a needed changes being made at all levels of but the plain fact of the matter is that peo­ town of 2,700 beautiful, courageous and government. For example, many State and ple do make the difference. The work force generous Americans, representing all of the local governments have undertaken studies determines how well governments do their States of America, indeed a microcosm of to validate tests and assure job relatedness, job! Their ability and dedication can and that beautiful nation. I know how generous so that the best qualified can be identified. does make the difference between success and Americans are, and how forgiving and how Others have established or instituted failure. basically honest they are. When the Intergovernmental Personnel I have a little girl who was born in Wick­ studies of position classification and pay enburg. She radiates the purity and beauty Act was signed into law in January of 1971 systems to provide a base for modern per­ of America. She· is a constant reminder to sonnel systems, including equal pay for equal full recognition was given to this people i:ne of how much they have taught us and work. factor by the enunciation of a national how much we owe them. I am tired of hear­ A number have made progress in job re­ policy: ing them condemned because of the greedy structuring and upward mobility to harmon­ That effective State and local government handful of politicians who are acting just ize organizational needs and employee aspira­ institutions are essential in the maintenance like politicians act in any other place in tions. and development of the Federal system in an the world, but who do not represent Amer- December 7, 1973 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 40307 tea, any more than any individual man who This 1s the whispered view of Agriculture then decided against 1t, all to the detri­ has lost his conscience represents the nation Department economists, who spealt privately ment of consumer prices. he happened to be born tn. of his farm failures as ..Butz's bungles." The failure to do anything about the bog­ Who in. the world can fail to be Impressed 'These range from the Russian wheat deal to ged transportation system, which slows down with the courage they are now rtemonstrating faulty crop estimates, which have had dis.as­ the delivery of food, also had· an effect on in this troubled time. Who can fall to be trous results. the .market. The administratlon also refused inspired by their honesty and by their de­ The tragedy 1s that the poor are paying to control the wild speculation in commodi­ termination to correct whatever needs cor­ th.. most for Butz' fol:tes. Buried in his files ties, which helped to drive up prices. recting. Who can fall to applaud their tenac­ are grim statistics, which show that super• The results were predict&ble; higher prices ity and their soul searching. Who can stand market inflation has affected basic necessities for supermarket shoppers, particularly the up and cast the first stone? far more than the :uxury items only the poor. Some low-income families and elderly Let us pour our hearts out to these great atHuent can now afford. Many poor families people on fixed Incomes have been reduced people. Let us demonstrate our appreciation face the prospect of mea4:;less holiday tables to buying dog food for their dinner tables. for what they have done for all of us, for during the Christmas season. For these people. Butz's bungles will bring the Marshall plan that re-built Europe, for Hamburger prices, for example, shot up a bleak .holiday season. the aid and lack of malice that, 25 years 41 per cent while sirloin steak rose only 18 Footnote: An official spokesman denied later, has made their wartime enemy, who per cent. The low-budget meats and poultry that Butz had mismanaged agricultural af­ bombed them without warning, now their jumped a dramatic 50 per cent during the fairs. The ·spokesman contended that price strongest economic competitors. past year. A year ago, chicken cost about controls, rather than overestimated crop re­ The United States has always, in my mind 42 cents a pound. Now the price 1s closer to ports, had caused dislocations on the farm. and heart, been the light that symbolizes 72 cents a pound, a staggering 71 per cent The wrong estimates, he urged, had "a mini­ the individual freedom so articulately ex­ increase. mal effect" on production and prices. He pressed in their American Constitution. The Hot dogs have gone up 49 per cent, bologna blamed the rise in .food price on inflation, light that has inspired millions throughout 36 per cent. Bacon, once a common item, pointing out that nonfood prices had risen, the world to seek the same freedom that is now a luxury on many breakfast tables. too. He defended higher food prices, saying each individual American enjoys. It has shot up 67 per cent. Substitutes like it was time the farmers got their fair share Let us put aside our criticism and extend fish have also been priced beyond the pocket­ of the food dollar. He declined to be drawn our love to this great nation and to each books of the poor. Perch fillet has gone up into a discussion of whether food proces­ citizen of that nation, who collectively rep­ 36 per cent. sors and packagers, rather than the farmers, resent the beauty and dedication which is In startling contrast, the meats favored by were getting the biggest benefits from price the American character, and we may have the atHuent have risen only an average 25 increases. no doubts that they will emerge from the per cent in price. Fancy cheeses have drifted present crisis victorious, once again, before up 11 per cent. Porterhouse steak has risen an astounded world, demonstrating that God 17-per cent. Lobster tall prices have gone up BIG TIDCKET BIOLOGICAL indeed does bless America and w1l1 keep her only slightly. perpetually free through her own integrity Other staples have registered sharp price PRESERVE and purification processes wht.ch are the es­ increases. Flour is up 36 per cent, potatoes sence of life, liberty and the pursuit of 32 per cent, rice 30 per cent. HON. ALAN STEELMAN happiness. A comparison of 13 items reveals that econ­ omy foods jumped an average of 81 per OP TEXAS cent from September, 1972, to September, IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES 1978, compared to an average gain of 21 per Monday, December 3, 1973 BUTZ BLAMED FOR FLYING FOOD cent for their luxury counterparts. While PRICES margarine increased 24 per cent, for example, Mr. STEELMAN. Mr. Speaker, I wolild the markup for the "high-priced spread" was like to commend the House of Repre­ only 15 per cent. sentatives for its foresight in passing HON. JACK BROOKS The reasons for the price rocketing, of OF TEXAS course, are complex. But economists who H.R. 11546, to establish the Big Thicket IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES work for Butz lay the heaviest blame on Biological Reserve. This bill's adminis­ his inept handling of the agriculture econ­ trative innovations, as well as the bio­ Friday, December 7, 1973 omy. logical uniqueness of this addition to our Mr. BROOKS. Mr. Speaker, some of All year long, for example, the Agriculture parks system, will result in passage of the problems our farmers are experienc­ Department has put out inflated crop esti­ this legislation being recorded as one of ing were explained l'y the following col­ mates. The economists suspect the faulty the environmontal highlights of the 93d estimates have been influenced by the admin­ Congress. umn, "The Washington 1-.""erry-Go­ istration's eagerness for good news. Round" from the Washington Post of But the eventual result has been bad news. For the past year I have bad the pleas­ November 28, 1973, by Jack Anderson. The high estimates caused prices to drop ure of working with environmentalists The Secretary of Agriculture is making briefly. Then the low prices increased the and educators throughout Texas in de­ every effort now to destroy the rice in­ demand. By the time the Agriculture De­ veloping a Big Thicket Biological Pre­ dustry in the United States by encour­ partment got around to straightening out serve bill. Through this work and a aging new producers to plant outside of the figures, prices would zoom back up to personal, onsite inspection, I have con­ the national program. This, of course, even greater heights. cluded that the proposed Big 'l'hicket This happened with cattle, corn and pigs. would be to the serious detriment of the Butz predicted a 6 per cent increase in pig Biological Preserve is indeed the bio­ existing producers-from Mississippi to production. Instead, there was a 2 per cent logical crossroads of North America that California, and from Texas and Louisi­ decline. deserves incorporation into the National ana to Arkansas. Similarly, a staggering five million head of Parks System. While it is to be hoped that under his cattle, which Butz had mistakenly counted, Its plant and animal life are made up leadership the Agriculture Department never made it to market. An anticipated in­ of species found in the westem and east­ will continue the .flne program within crease in dairy production also never ma­ em sections of the United States, both terialized. All these miscalculations helped temperate and tropical. As Dr. Thomas the rice industry that has brought oppor­ to drive up prices. tunity to rice producers and millers and Butz's biggest bungle, of course, was the Eisner, professor of bi('logical science, other related operations, I believe the Russian wheat deal. His poor appraisal of Cornell Univ£:;rsity, told the National record of Mr. Butz bodes serious trouble world demand for w~eat led him to sell one­ Parks and Recreation Subcommittee: for rice people-producers .and consum­ quarter of the U.S. crop to Russia for $1.63 a The Big Thicket is from an ecological ers. bushel. By the time the last bushels had standpoint better deserving of preservation The text of the article expressing my squeezed through the clogged transportation than any existing National Park in the own judgment of the Secretary of Ag­ system, the price had soared to nearly $4 a United States, with the possible exception of riculture follows: bushel. the Florida Everglades. Nowhere else in North The vaclllating farm policies also had an America is there found such a diversity of F'L YING FOOD PRICES BLAMED ON BUTZ inflationary impact upon prices. Rumors that plant and animal species; nowhere else is (By Jack Anderson) price regulations would be implemented at there such a. unique combination of habitat, Many !actors have combined to send prices the farm level discouraged production, and northern temperate and subtropical, arid skyrocketing in the supermarkets. But the the resulting cutbacks sent prices up. western and humid south-eastern, fresh­ biggest blame falls upon Agriculture Secre­ When controlB were slapped on beef prices, water and saltwater, forest and prairie, cal­ tary Earl Butz, who has handled the dellcate Uvestock producers withheld their beef from careous and acid. Though preservation of farm controls like the c-perator or an erratic the market and caused a price rise. The ad- rare spec1es such as the Texas Red Wolf and tractor crashing through a corn field. ministration also threatened to curb exports, lvory-billed woodpecker might in itself 40308 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS December 7, 1973 justify creation of a wildlife refuge, it is the preserving a few tangible resources so They really have revitallzed our program. incomparable ecological diversity of the Big that they: can be retained .and enjoyed They are exploring innovative areas and do­ Thicket which renders the regirn of such "ing things we had no money to do before. priceless biological value. in their natural .beauty for many gen­ erations to come, we too often falter and ACTION volunteers in adult basic edu­ Its inclusion into the Parks System also act too late with too little. cation programs in Nebraska, as well as signals a significant change in the pre­ Preservation of the biological unique­ Ohio and New Jersey, are cosponsored by vious concept of that system to stress ness of the Big .Thicket area of Texas is the Office of Education, U.S. Department now the scientific and educational as­ overdue. We owe it to the people of this of Health, Education, and Welfare­ pects of land that deserves to be set aside country, to protect the remainder of the HEW. HEW is granting the States funds for students as well as conservationists. Thicket. for the ACTION program as a test to I hope this is the beginning of a trend. evaluate the effectiveness of ACTION I hasten to point out that this bill em­ volunteers. phasizes that development of the area is ACTION'S NEW VOLUNTEER PRO­ While ACTION assists the sponsor in to be kept minimal, so as to assure the GRAM SEEKS INCREASED COM­ defining program objectives and in plan­ maintenance of the ecological integrity MUNITY PARTICIPATION ning the training and supervision of vol­ of the natural resources which the pre­ unteers, the sponsor is ultimately re­ serve is established to J:,rotect. Facilities HON. WILLIAM A. STEIGER sponsible for training and supervising development are to tread lightl~r, par­ the volunteer in his work. This is a key ticularly due to the small size of many OF WISCONSIN element of the program. The sponsoring of the units. The Big Thicket Preserve IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES agencies have more authority and flexi­ presents an ideal opportunity for the Na­ Friday, December 7, 1973 bility in the ACTION cooperative volun­ tional Park Service to display in its de­ Mr. STEIGER of Wisconsin. Mr. teers program than in other ACTION velopment plans an approach uf mini­ Speaker, one of the most important volunteer programs. mizing development within and providing pieces of legislation enacted during this During the volunteer selection process, for most of the visitor service needs session was the Domestic Volunteer Serv­ ACTION tentatively identifies candi­ to be satisfied outside the preserve ices Act, which authorizes ACTION to dates whose qualifications meet those re­ boundaries. administer all of our domestic volunteer quired by the sponsor. The volunteers are This is not to deny the varied recrea­ programs and the development of new invited to a staging-an indepth inter­ tional aspects that will be enjoyed in the programs and new ways to tap the spirit view lasting several days where they are Thicket as evidenced by the committee's of voluntarism that exists in our coun­ interviewed by ACTION staff, commu­ wise inclusion of hiking trails and bridle try. nity members, supervisors, doctors, and paths as well as many, varied opportuni­ Under this authority, ACTION, the where they get a complete picture of ties for canoeing. Federal agency for voluntary service, has what the program is like-at which they Administratively we tried to direct our launched a new national volunteer effort are matched with a position. attention to many new aspects of guid­ aimed at increasing community partici­ Through this program, which empha­ ance for the National Parks Service in pation in solving local problems. The pro­ sizes community participation, ACTION determining the utilization of the Big gram-ACTION cooperative volunteers­ provides volunteers who have a strong Thicket and similar preserves. Stream­ already is operating in 13 States with interest in solving human and social side corridors are wisely included to in­ nearly 50 volunteers. And, by July 1974, problems. At the same time, ACTION of­ sure water quality so essential in main­ about 300 are expected to be serving. fers a flexible means . of meeting many taining the delicate balance of plant life The program allows community groups kinds of sponsor needs. that has made the Thicket unique. Also to sponsor volunteers for 1 year by Volunteers in programs throughout we have addressed management and de­ sharing the overall costs with ACTION. the country are demonstrating this ver­ velopmental objectives in a manner that In this way, ACTION may place more of satility. For example, Montana's State further defines congressional intent for the thousands of highly educated and traffic safety division has three volun­ this unique addition to our parks system. motivated people willing to serve. teers helping to rehabilitate habitual At the same time provisions were in­ Started as an experiment in volunteer traffic offenders. cluded to be certain no permanent homes cost-sharing with State and local gov­ The State library for the blind and would be taken if at all possible, and ernments, other Federal agencies and physically handicapped in Hawaii is us­ recreation is included. private and public nonprofit organiza­ ing four volunteers to improve its serv­ I think that the committee's wisdom tions, ACTION cooperative volunteers ices; and, in Wilmington, Del., six vol­ in the inclusion of a legislative taking has placed 48 nationally and locally-re­ unteers are working in environmental section should be commended. This is cruited volunteers with local private and planning, economic development, com­ the second time this year that the com­ public nonprofit organizations. The vol­ munications liaison, and home manage­ mittee has directed a legislative taking­ unteers are supplementing community ment for the city's housing authority. the Big Cypress Preserve included a sim­ efforts to tackle problems related to pov­ Vincent Fausto, assistant director for ilar provision-and it will allow property erty and environment. adult basic education program for New owners to be aware of the disposition Jersey and director for the ACTION co­ ACTION volunteers in ACTION co­ operative volunteers effort in the State, of their holdings within 6 months. Also operative volunteers-ACV-are now in there will be a considerable savings to New Jersey, New York, Ohio, Nebraska, points to his first ACV volunteer, Judy the Federal Government by reducing the Nevada, Washington, Montana, Dela­ Klikun, of Chicago, as an example of the inflationary costs that have plagued our ware, Minnesota, Louisiana, Hawaii, great contribution ACTION volunteers National Parks system in protracted me­ Maryland, and Oregon. can make to community programs. gotiations for land. Only 100 years ago The program already is showing signs Miss Klikun is one of seven volunteers the Big Thicket covered more than 3 mil­ of success. In Nebraska, for example, 11 in the program. She holds a bachelor's lion acres. Now we must move with ut­ volunteers in an adult basic education degree in education from Chicago State most haste to insure that the 84,000 program are showing teachers how to University, and has taught for 3 years acres compromised upon by the Texas redesign curriculums for low-level in lllinois schools. delegation remains intact. Legislative achievers, making course work more rele­ Since she joined the program at its taking will provide the vehicle to accom­ vant and producing recognizable results. Jersey City State College resource cen­ plish that end. In addition, they are recruiting and ter, she has assisted the State director Mr. Speaker, I strongly support this training volunteer tutors, setting up a for the work incentive program-WIN­ bill, but I only make this point to show summer education program, and helping in setting up--in 6 months-a completely how shortsighted we continue to be in establish a training center for Indians. new, individualized curriculum for always acting too late with too little. We Leonard Hill, director of the Nebraska grades 0-12. spend millions and billions of dollars in In her spare time, Judy has done con­ program, said: siderable research in adult reading prob­ this country for many programs which Our ACTION volunteers have been of such turn out to be very wasteful and ill­ value that we've opened a new vista of op­ lems, the use of supplementary materials, advised, but when it comes down to allot­ portunity for giving under-educated adults the design of a teaching program and the ting sufficient financial resources for new leases on life. development of teacher model materials. December 7, 19 73 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 40309 She has been granted a graduate assist­ chairman of the House Judiciary subcommit­ tion between researchers for the Uni­ antship at Jersey State Teachers College tee which drafted the special prosecutor bill, versity of Nebraska College of Agricul­ to study adult basic education. Miss was being overly pessimistic when he said the judicial remarks had hurt the bill's ture and those of the U.S. Forestry Serv­ Klikun said: chances. ice. We are all examples of what can be done. In any event, Mr. Hungate has answered Recently, I was privileged to attend Adult education is ripe for this kind of pro­ the judges' reservations by pointing out that the dedication of a new Forestry Service gram. And I'm sure other types of com­ the House bill would authorize a three-judge laboratory that is located . immediately munity efforts are in the same position ••• panel of the district court to appoint the adjacent to the campus where the Ne­ money is tight and many things are not prosecutor, after which these judges would braska College of Agriculture is located. being done because organizations can't af­ not hear ,,ny of the cases brought by him. ford to do them. I am certain that with this new facility, This procedure would divorce the appointing much more good for America can be Other ACTION volunteer programs are judges even more from the prosecutorial function than is already the case when fed­ achieved by these scientists. Volunteers in Service to America­ eral judges appoint interim U.S. attorneys; Already, the institutions working in VISTA, University Year for ACTION, re­ judges, incidentally, have also been em­ tandem have accomplished much. An tired senior volunteer program-RSVP, powered to appoint defense attorneys. article in the Wall Street Journal, foster grandparent program-FGP, serv­ The need for an independent special pros­ written by David Brand, attests to their ice corps of retired executives-SCORE, ecutor has been made clearer than ever by good work in seeking perfect Christmas active corps of executives-ACE-and reports that White House special counsel trees. With your permission, I will place the Peace Corps. J. Fred Buzhardt lobbied Mr. Cox to try to prevent indictments of Mr. Nixon's closest the article in the CONGRESSIONAL RECORD: associates. MEAD, NEBR.-David Van Haverbeke kneels The Constitution clearly permits such a in the mud and biting Wind of a Nebraska congressionally-established prosecutor when Winter day and encircles the young green COURT-APPOINTED SPECIAL PROS­ it says "Congress may by law vest the ap­ branches With his arms. "Isn't it just beau­ ECUTOR IS A MUST pointment of such inferior officers, as they tiful?" he asks. "Isn't the shape just per­ think proper, in the President alone, in the fect?" courts of law, or in the heads of depart­ Mr. Van Haverbeke is a U.S. Forest Service HON. WILLIAM L. HUNGATE ments." The House and Senate should pro­ researcher who gets particularly emotional around this time of year. For his mission is OF MISSOURI ceed forthwith to provide for such an officer to take the Watergate cases out of the hands to juggle with the sex life of the Scotch pine IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES of the Administration which has already done in an effort to produce the perfect Christmas Friday, December 7, 1973 so much to obstruct justice. tree. On 10 acres of sparse land .at Mead, which Mr. HUNGATE. Mr. Speaker, a court­ (From the New York Times, Dec. 4, 1973] is 25 miles northeast of Lincoln, Mr. Van appointed Watergate Special Prosecutor TRULY INDEPENDENT Haverbeke has planted nearly 1,000 carefully selected trees. Year by year he is nurturing is a must. Some time next week the House In reporting out its bill to provide for a will be considering important legislation the young pines until, five to 10 years from court-appointed Watergate prosecutor, the now, the trees will begin to cross-pollinate reported by the Committee on the Ju­ House Judiciary Committee declared that and produce the first seeds of what Mr. Van diciary to provide for the appointment of "the only way to assure that the American Haverbeke says will be the first generation an independent Watergate Special Pros­ people will have complete trust and confi­ of aristocratic Christmas trees. ecutor who can be assured of being able dence in the aggressiveness and independ­ The Mead seed orchard represents 11 years to aggressively conduct his office without ence of the special prosecutor is to make him of complex, costly work by researchers at the truly independent of the Executive, give him Forest Service and the University of Ne­ executive branch interference or harass­ tenure, and legislate limited grounds for his ment. I would hope the committee bill, removal." braska. All this effort is being devoted to Christmas trees because foresters want to H.R. 11401, will be wen supported by our The bill meets those essential require­ colleagues. give known parents to Scotch pines in the ments. A three-judge panel of the United U.S. They've been unknown until now be­ The St. Louis Post-Dispatch and the States District Court for the District of Co­ cause the tree isn't a U.S. native but was New York Times have recently given edi­ lumbia would appoint the special prosecutor brought here in Colonial times. torial support to this legislation as being for a term of three years. The three judges "In the past we haven't had the foggiest necessary and constitutional. would have the sole power of removal and only on grounds of gross impropriety, gross idea where our Scotch pines came from," The editorials follow: dereliction of duty, or physical or mental says Ralph Read, the Forest Service's chief (From the St. Louis Post-Dispatch, incapacity. forester at Lincoln. These so-called wild seeds, he says, often produce scraggly, un­ Nov. ~o. 1973] At present, the post of special Watergate prosecutor is occupied by Leon Jaworski. He romantic trees that are easily attacked by JUDICIAL THREAT TO PROSECUTOR disease or such nasty bugs as the turpentine Despite the general respect that U.S. Dis­ has a distinguished record as a corporate at­ beetle. trict Judge John L. Sirica. has won for torney in Texas and as former president of the American Bar Association. But the most This is an annual headache for Christmas his handling of the Watergate cases, mem­ tree growers, and it's estimated that only one bers of Congress should not allow them­ convincing testament to Mr. Jaworski's in­ dependence and determination to do the job out of every three trees planted actually selves to be swayed by his opposition to legis­ makes it into the living room. Last year, lation providing for a court-appointed special lies not in his own protestations but in the fact that he has retained the entire staff of Americans brought 35 million live trees, and, prosecutor independent of the Executive says a man at the National Christmas Tree Branch. In suggesting that judicial appoint­ his dismissed predecessor, Archibald Cox. In a sense, Mr. Jaworski is hostage to his own Growers Association, "They'd have bought ment of a special prosecutor might compro­ another one million if they'd been available." mise the neutrality o:r the courts and under­ subordinates. Nevertheless, the President's power to fire him, though somewhat hedged The Scotch pine, which over the past few mine the prevailing doctrine that prosecu­ years has become the most popular Christmas tion is an executive function, Judge Sirica about, is still real. Many legal scholars have agreed that a tree in the U.S., also has a particularly unsea­ was ignoring both the constitutional provi­ sonal habit: It tends to turn yellow in the sion that would authorize a. court-appointed court-appointed special prosecutor is consti­ tutional. Such an appointment would help fall. This sends growers running around their prosecutor and the special provision of the plantations spraying yellowing needles with pending bill that would preserve the court's restore public confidence in the special pros­ ecutor's independence, particularly as the green vegetable dye. neutrality. He was also ignoring the peculiar The growers can't control what they grow circumstances of the Nixon Administration White House has begun the same sniping at Mr. Jaworski that it had leveled against Mr. because they get their young trees, or seed­ scandals that would cast doubt on the ability lings, from nurseries who in turn get their of any presidentially-appointed prosecutor to Cox. Congress has already delayed unduly long in enacting this essential statute. seeds from collectors around the world. The pursue a trail of crimes that might lead into collectors find their seeds by climbing trees or the office of the President. even uncovering cone piles hoarded by squir­ Besides Chief Ju

tity of our daily needs produced by the Arab THE FoRGOTTEN VETERAN The heyday- for veterans was the post­ states can so impair us as an industrial There was no hero's welcome for the 6.7 World War II period when the 14 million who nation and as a military power relying heavily million Aniericans who served in the mili­ came out of the military could enroll for up upon petroleum products there are, then, tary during the Vietnam era that began to 48 months in any institution for which many other things we should know. for the government's legal purposes on Aug. they could qualify. The government footed Let us be told, for example, how many 4, 1964, (Tonkin Gulf). And there has been the bill and paid the veteran an additional tons of food we are supplying to the Arab little in the way of hope or help for them $75 a month in living expenses. This offer states, including Egypt, which once told us since. was good for nine years, provided the pro­ to go jump in the Mediterranean while con­ According to the Labor Department this gram was undertaken within four years afte~ tinuing to gobble up our handouts under week, of the 4.6 million Vietnam veterans discharge from the service. the Food For Peace program. now between the ages of 20 and 29, a whop­ That day of glory, which allowed veterans Or how about a review of our foreign aid, ping number are unemployed, with the rate from all walks of life to compete for and including military assistance to the Arabian for minority 20-to-24-year olds a staggering win places at the top Ivy League universities, oil producers. 13.2 per cent in the third quarter of 1973. revitalizing those institutions in the proc­ And after a cold look at some of these Another 1.4 million, or about one-fifth of ess and enriching society immeasurably as figures, how about a series of talks with oil those eligible over the whole period, are a whole, was closed out after the Korean War consumers in the Free World to explore pos­ currently "in training" according to a in 1951 when the system changed to a stand­ sible sanctions against the Arabian states spokesman for the House Committee on ard payment that limits those who have no to make it clear they cannot hold an eco­ Veterans Affairs. This spokesman, whose other resources to the most inexpensive pub­ nomic gun having immense military poten­ committee is working on legislation to in­ lic education they can find. tial to their respective heads. crease GI Bill benefits, compares the educa­ The result is that Harvard, which had a As we said, we are perplexed that the sud­ tional participation during the first 78 veteran enrollment of 59 percent after den disruption of six per cent of our petro­ months of three postwar programs to pre­ World War II, now has an enrollment of 992 leum needs can virtually overnight throw sent a sanguine view of what is happening veterans or four percent of its total, and only us into a fuel crisis. to the Vietnam vets. 98 of these are undergraduates. Basic tuition If this is a fact of life and not a wave of Oliver Meadows points out that 47 per­ at the college is $3200. At the business school hysteria and an eagerness to climb aboard cent of the veterans of World War II used it is $3600 for the academic year. a bandwagon gaining in popularity, then the GI Bill for postwar training. The figure At the University of Massachusetts at we had better take a look at the situation for Korean War veterans was 41.2 percent. Amherst, where tuition and required fees from another angle. The figure for Vietnam vets in the compa­ for in-state students add up to $600 (the Up to now, the emphasis has been upon rable period was 43.7 and rising, he main­ median for state universities), veterans make inconvenience for the public, such as possible tains. And his figures for college enrollment up only 12 percent of. the total. Even at gasoline rationing, lower turnpike speed under the Federal program show that 23.4 UMass Boston, where tuition and fees come limits and cutbacks in home heating fuels. percent of the Vietnam vets are in an to $360 a year, veterans make up a small 17 In the true dimension of a fuel shortage, academic program as compared to 13.8 per­ percent of the student body. This may be as it thus has been told, the factual presen­ cent after World War II and 20.8 percent because the real cost, on which scholarship tation should stress the potential effects after the Korean War. "It just isn't true aid is based, is $2620 at Amherst and $2330 upon us economically, militarily and diplo­ that the Vietnam veterans aren't going to at Boston, both well above the veteran's nine­ matically. college," says Mr. Meadows. month stipend of $1980. When that impact is realized there will But which colleges are these? And how are Rep. Silvio Conte of Massachusetts, who be a more ready response to fuel conserva­ the veterans making it on a stipend that chaired an eight-month study for the Na­ tion. There will be an outcry for retaliation ignores discrepanies between state tuitions, tional League of Cities and the U.S. Confer­ against those turning the valve on the fuel that compels them to match study to jobs in ence of Mayors believes the GI Bill should production line. And there will be a justi­ an economy where jobs are increasingly pay 80 percent of all tuition and fees at fied demand to know who allowed us to get scarce, and that assumes that veterans have both public and private institutions, with into the untenable position, as it appears, in the same financial obligations as new high the present stipend of $220 a month going the first place. school graduates? entirely for living expenses, if we are to give Because the draft exempted people who today's veterans the same benefits their were married or in college for most of the fathers had. period, the veterans of the Vietnam War­ We wish that such legislation were in THE FORGOTTEN VETERAN unlike those in World War II or the Korean view. Even if an expanded GI Bill cost more conflict--are largely the poor and under­ than the $19 billion spent on educating sev­ educated who most need educational help en million veterans in the 1940s, it would be if they are to participate in civilian life. a valid investment in this country's f.uture, HON. ROBERT F. DRINAN What they are getting is a cut-rate offer both in moral and in economic terms. OF MASSACHUSETTS that proponents say is designed to give every­ Last March the President said, "Words of IN THE HOUSE OP REPRESENTATIVES one the same purse with which to get into thanks are not enough." But what could be the race. a national opportunity is currently being Friday, December 7, 1973 And one suspects that, because the Viet­ treated as a bargain-basement payoff. And Mr. DRINAN. Mr. Speaker, in there­ nam war was unpopular, because the Viet­ it has the serious potential to backfire in cent past, the Subcommittee on Educa­ nam veterans do not include the sons of the bitterness and resentment. rich, the powerful and the articulate, be­ tion and Training of the Veterans' cause the veterans of this war have been Affairs Committee has published a pro­ unwilling or unable to organize on their own posal which if adopted would greatly behalf, nobody cares. FOREIGN MONEY update the present educational benefits At this moment a battle is gearing up for program. The proposal would provide in­ next year between Congress and the Admin­ HON. BILL GUNTER centive for use of these benefits by in­ istration over enlargement of the GI Bill creasing the benefit allowance and by from a fiat payment of $220 a month (which OF FLORIDA works out to less than $10 a day) to $250 a IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES extending the time period in which edu­ month (still less than $10 a day) to cover up cational benefits can be used. to 36 months of education or job training, Friday, December 7, 1973 Studies by two independent groups, the including books, fees, and living expenses. Mr. GUNTER. Mr. Speaker, I called to Educational Testing Service of Prince­ The House bill, cosponsored by Rep. Mar­ the attention of my colleagues recently ton, N.J. and the U.S. Conference of garet Heckler of Massachusetts and Rep. the large amounts of foreign money that Mayors indicate that the present educa­ Henry Helstoski of New Jersey, would also has been sent to American universities in tional benefits program is inadequate in extend the period within which the grant can be used from eight to 10 years. The Ad­ the past few months. At that time I in­ meeting today's high cost of education ministration has opposed the time extension dicated that I planned to continue my and in providing incentive to the 6.7 mil­ and has said it would not approve an in­ search to learn the sources of all foreign lion Vietnam era veterans in seeking fur­ crease above $238 a month. money and what that money is being ther education and training. For a government that willingly poured used for. I strongly feel that adoption of the $25 billion a year into the pursuit of an It has come to my attention that Dean subcommittee's proposal is a constructive undeclared war half way around the world, Edmund Gullion, of the Tufts School of and much needed step. I commend to and that last year spent $2.6 billion in for­ my colleagues the following editorial eign aid to the Thieu regime, this haggle over Diplomacy, has recently retw·ned from a $38 to $50 individual increase in a $2.5 a successful fundraising trip to the Mid­ from the Boston Globe, which provides billion program for young and frequently east. I include in the RECORD a copy of further indication of the need for legis­ alienated Americans at home is absurd and the letter I recently sent to Dean lative action in this area. outrageous. Gullion: ~0312 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS December 7, 1973 NOVEMBER 20, 1973. line a year to bus schoolchildren from one :financial transactions in the form of ma­ Dean EDMUND A. GULLION, end of the city to the other. terial aid, gifts, holiday parcels, money Fletcher School of Diplomacy, Tufts Univer­ And if all those yellow buses guzzle all transfers, payments for travel, the open­ sity, Medford, Mass. their gasoline and ca.n get no more, what DEAR DEAN GULLION: It has come to my then? Why, the city would just have to close ing of savings accounts in Poland for im­ attention in recent days that you have just down its pu·~uc schools, a ranking admin­ minent repatriates, and donations. returned from a successful fundraising trip istrator has said. This year, marking its 25th year of to Kuwait and other Arab nations. While I Such nonsense! Prior to 1970, the city service to the American-Polish commu­ applaud your ingenuity and resourceful· managed to make public schooling availab!e nity in these regards is the PEKAO Corp. ness in securing funds for your fine Univer­ to all without the aid of a costly bus fleet During its quarter century of service, sity, this has raised the question in my mind or 55,000 gallons of gasoline a month. Most as to the need for public knowledge of such PEKAO has serviced over 3 million stude:ruts walked to their neighborhood orders, making it the largest firm of its contributions. schools and the remainder rode Virginia Certainly the heightened increase in eco­ Transit Co. buses. Even a moderate snowfall kind in the country. One reason for that nomic activity by foreign individuals and usually failed to close the city schools in success is the broad network of author­ corporations in the United States raises seri· the walk-in days. Remember? To assert now ized dealers throughout America. ous questions about our nation's economic that the school system would have to lock PEKAO orders are delivered in Poland future. At the same time, contributions to its doors for lE,ck of fuel for buses is to ex­ through the cooperation of Bank our leading colleges and universities from hibit either an acute case of tunnel vision or Polsha Kasa Opieki, S. A. in Warsaw. foreign sources may open the door to future amnesia. opportunities as well as abuses by those for­ Founded in 1929 for the purpose of serv­ But why consume all that fuel in the first ing Polish emigrants abroad in their fi· eign contributors. place? Citizens are being asked to exert extra I would be very interested and I am sure effort and make personal sacrifices to con­ nancial transactions, the bank still my colleagues in the Congress would be, to serve gasoline and oil in order to protect jobs operates in that capacity today but, in learn the extent of the contributions made and the economy. At a minimum, the Rich­ addition, also operates a delivery service by the Arab governments, as well as foreign mond School Board ought to be able to be­ for parcels en route from the United private corporations and individuals to Tufts stir itself sufficiently to walk down to U.S. States. University. At the same time, if you have any District Court and ask Judge Robert R. Mer­ In 1973, the newest service of PEKAO, knowledge of other contributions to Tufts hige Jr. to release the system from its busing or any other universities throughout this the transfer of currency and the issu­ country, I would also find such information plan. Adoption of a new pupil assignment ance of PEKAO checks, became available. system minimizing busing ought to be done PEKAO service has been a boon to useful. It is my contention that contribu­ now, in time for the start of the second se­ tions to our nation's colleges and universities mester in January. Americans of Polish extraction since the from any foreign source should be public It will be said that to transfer pupils in the service enabled them to assist their rela­ information. middle of a sohool year would be "disruptive" tives and friends in Poland to obtain I believe that it is essential that this in­ and there would be probleinB no doubt. But the necessary means of maintaining formation be made available to all the Amer­ ican people so that when future decisions can anyone honestly argue that returning to their livelihood, without which their requiring educational funding are made, we neighborhood schools would be more disrup­ standard of living would be much lower will have the benefit of knowing how much tive than continuing a plan that (a) has than it is. foreign money is supporting prograins in our chased some 10,000 pupils from the city nation's colleges. schools and substantially resegregated the I feel confident of your willingness to co­ system, and (b) every day drains thousands of gallons of gasoline that could otherwise be ENVffiONMENTALISTS COUNTER operate with me on this project, and hope to ADMINISTRATION ENERGY PRO­ hear from you in the immediate future, so used for critical enterprises? that any report on your trip will have the The school board cannot defy a federal GRAMS benefit of your assessment. As a member of court order. However, th~·· board's contention the House Energy Subcommittee, I am very that it has no choice but' to continue large­ concerned with the infiuence of Arab na­ scale busing until the tanks run dry is un­ HON. BENJAMIN S. ROSENTHAL tions on our country and its educational persuasive, because the board has not even OF NEW YORK ~ried to have the court order dropped or modi­ institutions. I plan to insert a copy of this IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES letter and a copy of your response in the fied. And the argument that a return to Congressional Record. neighborhood schools is unfeasible because Friday, December 7, 1973 Best personal regards, some schools could not accommodate BILL GUNTER. all the children in their neighborhoods Mr. ROSENTHAL. Mr. Speaker, the is baseless. Where crowding did occur, stu­ seriousness of the current energy crisis dents could go to the next closest school. cannot be denied. The United States, Some might rtill have to have transporta­ with only 6 percent of the world's popula­ tion. But the net gasoline savings neverthe­ tion, cannot continue to consume more FORCED BUSING MADNESS TO CON­ less would b'} substantial. TINUE TilL SCHOOLS CLOSE? than 30 percent of the world's energy. Busing isn't working for its intended pur­ Several environmental and citizen pose-creating racial balances-in the first place. But when citizens are being asked to groups, however, have criticized the HON. ROBERT J. HUBER shiver in their homes and offices and to leave Nixon administration's energy proposals, OF MICHIGAN their automobiles in the driveway, the - ·ivo­ labeling them "antienvironment and anticonsumer." The groups-while say­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES lous busing of thousands of children who could walk to school beccmes doubly absurd. ing they support several of the Presi­ Friday~ December 7, 1973 dent's programs--charged that the over­ Mr. HUBER. Mr. Speaker, as I have all thrust of the proposals is a capitula­ pointed out on a previous occasion, mil­ tion to long-sought-after corporate goals. lions of gallons of gasoline could be saved PEKAO CORP. MARKS 25 YEARS OF The environmentalists argue that the if we could somehow stop forced busing SERVICE major responsibility for reducing energy to schools over the country. Richmond, usage cannot be placed on individual Va., is one o:: the many localities forced consumers, as the Nixon administration to carry on this practice against the will HON. HENRY HELSTOSKI proposals do. It must instead be placed, of the majority. As the following edito­ OF NEW JERSEY they contend, on the corporate sector. rial from the Richmond Times-Dispatch IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES I believe my colleagues will profit by reading portions of the "energy counter of December 4, 1973, indicates, the court Friday, December 7, 1973 order will be obeyed until the schools message" of the environmentalists which have to be closed for lack of gasoline. Mr. HELSTOSKI. Mr. Speaker, present their own program of priorities Historians in later years will surely speak throughout the United States several during the energy crisis. I am also in­ of this insanity. The article follows: million Americans of Polish descent still cluding a reprint of a recent editorial in No BusEs, No ScHOOL? maintain cordial relations with families the Washington Star-News which re­ In the face of this nation's worst fuel and friends in Poland. Often, many also minds Congress and the administration, shortage since World War II, those perspi­ have contacts with Polish organizations in their haste to solve the energy crisis, cacious people who run the Richmond public of a charitable, educational, cultural, re­ not to forget the interests of the consum­ schools believe they have no alternative but ligious, touristic, or athletic nature. ing public. to continue to burn 530,000 gallons of gaso- Such ties, almost of necessity, include The items follow: } .. December 7, 1973 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 40313

ORGANIZATIONS SPONSORING THE COUNTER censing, in fact, may well drain oft more en­ LONG RANGE STRATEGIES MESSAGE ergy than a speed up would supply. Base energy strategies on a more realistic Center for Science in the Public Interest. The recent Senate action on relaxing clean energy budget and develop environmentally air requirements, before it attempted any sound energy supplies such as solar power Ellen Berman, Consumer Federation of measures to conserve energy, was precipitous America. and nuclear fusion. and irresponsible. Curtail use of non-recycled consumer and Marsha Curran, Common Cause. Besides being environmentally detrimental, Environmental Action. industrial products. the Administration's strategies threaten to Provide mass transit operating subsidies Friends of the Earth. alter our Nation's basic political structure. Highway Action Coalition. from the highway trust fund. Movement for Economic Justice. Control over energy is equivalent to control Grant air pollution variances only as a Metropolitan Washington Coalition for over the entire economy of our country; the last resort if energy conservation measures possessor of that control wields enormous fail. Clean Air. power. Too much power should not be placed National Clean Air Coalition. Expand deep mining rather than surface National Consumers League. in a single individual, the President of the mining of coal. National Intervenors. United States. Similarly, one-man control at Do not speed u:;> licensing of nuclear powe1 Byron Kennard, Public Interest Economics the State and local levels runs counter to the plants. democratic process. Eliminating public hear­ Expedite anti-trust action against the Center. ings on nuclear power plants and other proj­ James Ridgeway. major oil companies. ects would seriously limit democratic par­ CURTAIL USE OF THROWAWAY CONSUMER AND The America the Beautiful Fund. ticipation. Even in this time of energy crisis, r.NDUS~ PRODUCTS decisions must be made by democratic con­ ENVIRONMENTAL "COUNTER MEsSAGE" ON sensus, not by executive decree. According to the Council on Environmen­ ENERGY In reaching consensus, those lower down on tal Quality (CEQ), technology is available to the economic ladder must receive special recover materials from wastes, yet the per­ There can be no doubt that the United centage of recycled versus total materials States faces a serious energy shortage. We consideration. The majority (70 percent) of the population falls into the moderate to used is still declining. A CEQ analysis indi­ share the President's concern that the U.S., cates that use of recycled materials instead of with only 6 percent of the world's population, low income category. Measures should be taken to ensure that all people will be allowed virgin materials can significantly reduce consumes over 30 percent of the world's en­ energy consumption. Presently, it costs the ergy. It is commendable that the Admin­ to share in the available supplies of heat­ ing fuels and not be discrimina.ted against U.S. $6 billion annually to discard materials, istration has expressed its desire to reduce much of which could be recycled or converted the nation's spiraling usage of energy. We be­ by "client shopping," dealers as is now being done, especially in rural areas. If the work to energy use. The Environmental Protec­ lieve, however, that its basic approach is an tion Agency estimates that energy recovery attempt to delude the American public. week is shortened, those employees who are not on a salary basis must be protected practiced in urban areas could meet 2 per The major responsibility for reducing en­ cent of the nation's energy requirements. ergy usage cannot be placed, as Administra­ against losses in total income. More jobs tion proposals do, on individual consumers. should be created which are low in energy PROVIDE MASS TRANSIT OPERATING SUBSIDIES Although environmentalists and consumer­ consumption (such as those in social pro­ FROM THE HIGHWAY TRUST FUND ists support lowering thermostats, reducing grams. Such measures will provide jobs for Between 1960 and 1970 the U.S. population auto speeds, and reducing unnecessary light­ persons displaced from high energy consump­ increased by 13 per cent. During the same ing and other super:fluous uses of energy, we tion jobs and will help serve a vital function period, however, the number of registered believe such an appeal to consumer sacrifice in transforming our economy from a growth automobiles increased by 46 per cent and the is being used as a pretext to avoid making economy to a more steady-state economy. amount of fuel they consumed increased by hard decisions regarding corporate practices Middle and low income consumers should 59 per cent. and structure. not be charged high prices and taxes to sub­ A significant amount of this increased auto We offer this energy "counter program" of sidize and insulate industry from the eftects use has been prompted by increased highway principles and actions on which a sound en­ of the energy crisis. construction. Engineers have learned that ergy policy should be based. SHORT AND MEDIUM RANGE STRATEGIES TO increased expressway mileage induces motor­ A major responsibility for alleviating the CONSERVE ENERGY ists to drive more than they would without energy shortage must be placed on the corpo­ Many of the Administration's proposals for the expressways. Studies in Baltimore also rate sector. By penetrating government at conserving energy are commendable but they found that since the end of World War II, every key decision making level, industry has omit many measures which would save con­ the average trip length has increased 20 per amassed enormous unbalanced political siderable quantities of energy resources that cent, most of which engineers attribute to power in the energy area. It is in this politi­ are presently wasted: increased expressway mileage. cal and economic problem, and not in en­ Equalize utility rates for small and large Expanded use of mass transit could greatly vironmental restrictions or even in consumer users, in order to encourage more efficient reduce the 30 per cent of U.S. petroleum that demand that the present crisis has its prime energy use, revamp all utility rate structures ls now devoted to automobile travel. Buses roots. in the interest of energy conservation and trains use approximately 1/ 3 to 1/4 the Strategies now being proposed or imple­ (American industry uses 40 percent of the energy per passenger mile that autos use. It mented by the Administration-the Trans­ Nation's energy, much of it wasted, but the makes little sense to continue to overfinance Alaskan pipeline, lax regulation of surface large users pay only % to % the rate charged energy-wasting highways while energy-con­ mining, offshore oil drilling, oil shale de­ the small residential and commercial users. serving mass transit systems lose ridership velopment, relaxation of air quality stand­ This backwards rate structure encourages because of a lack of sufii.cient operating funds. ards-rather than altering these patterns of waste). GRANT AIR POLLUTION VARIANCES ONLY AS A unconstrained power, worsen them by capitu­ Support the concept of a national power LAST RESORT IF ENERGY CONSERVATION MEAS· lating to long-sought-after corporate goals. grid. URES FAIL These goals are now being transformed, un­ Utilize low cost loans or tax deductions to der a climate of energy hysteria, into specific The relaxation of clean air standards must homes and commercial establishments for be viewed only as a last resort; reduction of government actions and policies. improving insulation. To thus release industry from its respon­ our extravagant uses of the world's energy sibility will have severe consequences; it will: Take measures to phase out the use of resources should be first priority. reverse progress made in safeguarding the en­ natural gas as a boiler fuel just as the Ad· Ambient air standards established pur­ vironment, alter the nation's democratic po­ ministration proposed electric generating suant to the Clean Air Act were based on the litical structure, and discriminate against plants switch from oil to coal, and at the incidence of mortality and hospital admis­ those with low and moderate incomes. minimum make those plants which use sions for circulatory and respiratory diseases natural gas as boiler fuel pay the same rate during periods of high air pollution. A relaxa­ It cannot be convincingly argued, as the as small users. Administration message implies, that exist­ tion of these clean air goals will most as­ ing environmental controls have contributed Make mandatory auto and appliance effi­ suredly be coupled with a corresponding in­ in any significant degree to present energy ciency standards. crease in major adverse health effects. For shortages. The Trans-Alaskan pipeline, for Outlaw gas lamps and develop more ef­ this reason, among others, easing of air pollu­ ficient gas range starters than present pilot tion controls must not be viewed as a primary example, which has been delayed until now lights. because of inadequate environmental plan­ means to deal with the energy crisis. ning, would not have been completed to sup­ Limit advertising of high energy con­ In some areas, low sulfur fuel will be un­ ply oil at the present time even if there had suming and luxury products. available this winter, and industries and been no delay. Nor can it be convincingly Promote through excise taxes or other utilities which have lately converted from argued that environmentally destruc1;ive means small and lower fuel-use automobiles. coal will have to return to it. If energy con­ programs to alleviate the energy crisis­ Shtlt from truck freight to rail and barge servation measures fail, variances may be such as relaxing air quality standards and freight. granted on a case by case basis, for a fixed speeding up licensing of nuclear plants­ Utilize wastes for heating fuel. period of a. year or less. But the return should will have more than a. marginal effect in the Encourage more efficient industrial plants be temporary, and every effort should be near future. Speeding up nuclear plant 11- and practices. made to use high sulfur fuel only in those CXIX--2539-Part 31 40314 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS Dec~mber 7, 1973_ areas where sulfur oxide, particulate, and sul­ activity crisis to replace the current energy sion or relaxation of environmental stand­ fate levels are low-so that adverse health crisis. ards; brook no relaxation of enforcement of effects are prevented or minimized. This trend toward concentration has in­ anti-trust laws; probe the possible role of EXPEDITE ANTITRUST ACTIO!f AGAINST THE creased and has, in fact, been encouraged by monopolies in reducing supplies, raising MAJOR OIL COMPANIES the energy, tax, and foreign policies of the prices and exacerbating shortages. Administration. According to a Federal Twenty oil companies (8 major and 12 We think these are worthy suggestions for Trade Commission staff study: the Congress and the administration. smaller) presently control, directly or in­ The industry operates much like a cartel directly, the supplies of oil, natural gas, coal with 15 to 20 integrated firms being the and uranium (and the development of oil beneficiaries of much federal and state pol­ shale, tar sands and geothermal steam) in icy. Thus, the federal and state governments the United States. According to the House with the force of law do for the major oil DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA HOME Subcommittee on Special Small Business companies that which would be illegal for RULE CONFERENCE REPORT Problems: the companies to do themselves ... The major oil companies account for ap­ The resulting system endangers existing proximately 84 percent of the U.S. refining independents, makes new entry difficult or HON. CHARLES C. DIGGS, JR. capacity; about 72 percent of the natural gas impossible, and yields serious economic losses OF MICHIGAN production and reserve ownership; 30 percent to American consumers. IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES of domestic coal reserves and over 20 percent Diversity means strength and the capacity of domestic coal production capacity; over to respond to change with minimum disrup­ Friday, December 7, 1973 50 percent of uranium reserves and 25 per­ tion. There can be little doubt that the pro­ cent of the uranium milling capacity. Fur­ gressive elimination of competition in the Mr. DIGGS. Mr. Speaker, the Mem­ ther, the major oil companies are acquiring energy field has contributed to the present bers of the House may be interested in oil shale and tar sands as well as water rights energy crisis. the major provisions which will be in in many areas of the country. the conference report on S. 1435

Greater Greater South Cape and New District South Cape and New District Question Shore islands Bedford total Question Shore islands Bedford total

THE PRESIDENCY 3. In my opinion President Nixon is doing: (a) An excellent job ______;; 11.4 20. 1 13. 0 15.3 1. With which of the following 3 statements do you 13.0 20.1 14.7 16.3 closely agree? ~~?:(d) A f~~~u~~~======poor job ______======~ .; 16.1 13.3 15.4 14.8 (a) There is no doubt in my mind that the 59.5 46.5 56.9 53.6 President is guilty of " high crimes 4. The President has my respect and trust: and misdemeanors;" he should be Agree ______-;; impeached at once ______;; Disagree ______25.5 39.8 28.9 32.1 40.9 31.3 41.2 37.1 74. 5 60.2 71.1 67.9 (b) I am not certain whether or notthe Pres· 5. President Nixon no longer commands the respect ident is guilty of "high crimes and and trust of the American people and should misdemeanors," but sufficient ~es- therefore resign. tions have been raised to justi an (a) Agree ______------___ ;: 64.8 50.6 63. 0 58. 7 inquiry by the House of Representa- (b) Disagree ___ ------___ 35.2 49.4 37. 0 41.3 tives ______------~ 39. 4 35.6 36.1 37.0 (c) I believe the President has been un- THE VICE PRESIDENCY fairly maligned, and I see no reason for an inquiry by the House of Repre- 1. Which ofthe following is closer to your view? sentatives ______-- 19.7 33.1 22.7 25. 9 (a) I believe that the Congress should take 2. With which of the following 3 statements do you no action on Mr. Ford's nomination most closely agree? until President Nixon has either (a) I believe that the Congress ought to been found innocent or has been re- establish a Special Prosecutor moved from office ______30.9 21.0 32.1 27.3 of the executive branch ______.; 75.9 61. 7 73.1 69.4 (b) I believe the Congress should proceed (b) I believe that a Special Prosecutor as rapidly as possible, to vote on the appointed by the President can do nomination of Mr .Ford __------69.1 79.0 67.9 72.7 the job that has to be done ______;;: 113 22.5 14.2 17.2 2. 1f the vote were taken today, I would like you, as (c) I seeat allno ___ need -- ---fur ______a Special Prosecutor .;; my Congressman, to vote : 10.8 15.8 12.7 13.4 (a) For Mr. Ford ______69.9 80.7 71.5 74.7 (b) AgainstMr. Ford ______30.1 19.3 28.5 25.3 Percentage of questionnaires mailed by region ______35.3 33.5 31.2 100 Percentage of responses received by region ______33.0 39.6 27.4 100 Total responses : 33,721. · December 7, 19 73 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 40319 COMPOSITION OF DISTRICT BY REGIONS Mr. Speaker, the language of tire act enactment would expand presidential au­ South Shore: Towns of Cohasset, Wey­ itself, as well as a complete and specific thority previously limited. In sec. 8(d), it is mouth, Carver, Duxbury, Hanover, Hingham, legislative history on the point, clearly provided: Hull, Kingston, Marshfield, Norwell, Pem­ denies any implication that the act broke, Plymouth, Plympton, Rockland, and would expand Presidential authority (2) shall be construed as granting any au­ Scituate. thority to the President with respect to the Cape Cod and the islands: Counties of previously limited. I refer, of course, to introduction of United States Armed Forces Barnstable, Dukes and Nantucket. section 8 (d) (2) which states specifically into hostilities or into situations wherein in­ Greater New Bedford: The City of New that nothing in the resolution "shall volvement in hostilities is clearly indicated Bedford and the Towns of Acushnet, Dart­ be construed as granting any authority by the circumstances which authority he mouth, Fairhaven, Marlon, Mattapoisett, to the President." would not have had in the absence of this Rochester and Wareham. Further, as our colleague the gentle­ joint resolution. man from Ohio WHALEN) pointed JOHNNY H. KILLIAN,

ous. It is true that the Watergate mess is sometimes stirred by emotions or disappoint­ lly be perceived, when it is considered that bad, though we may doubt the suggestion ment or disgust over what may have been the most conspicuous characters in it will, of TIME that it is incomparably the worst questionable decisions when it comes to from that circumstance, be too often the thing that has ever happened in American judgment and timing) is overwhelming. leaders or the tools of the most cunning or political history.... Judgment and timing. In making deci­ the most numerous faction, and on this ac­ " ... The critics don't like Nixon, but their sions. As Hamlet would say, "Ah, there's the count, can hardly be expected to possess the chances of impeaching him are problematical rub!" requisite neutrality towards those whose con­ at best. An orchestrated demand for his I have served in the U.S. House of Repre­ duct may be the subject of scrut iny.... " resignation avoids the legal difficulty and gets sentatives under five Presidents, including Thomas Jefferson, when Vice President, the job done anyway.... Richard M. Nixon, and have had occasion (as pointed out that " ... history show, that in "Under our political process, Nixon's critics has a large part of the country) to question England, impeachment has been an engine have the right to push for impeachment if their judgment and timing. Truman: seizure more of passion than of justice." they wish-though on the state of evidence of the steel industry (held unconstitutional Raoul Berger, Professor at Harvard Law we doubt that they can get it. The 'resigna­ by the Supreme Court) plus some aspects of School, notes in his book Impeach ment: The tion' uproar is an effort to shove him out of his conduct of the Korean War. Eisenhower: Constitutional Problems (the newest and office without the bother of proving that he the U-2 incident, and his "apology" to best on the topic) that "From the text of the should go." Khrushchev. Kennedy: Berlin Crisis and Bay Constitution there emerges a leading pur­ The idea about a special election (pro­ of Pigs-both brought us close to war: Let pose: partisan passions should no longer give vided for in the Constitution, incidentally, me interject a brief footnote here; to mdl­ rise to political executions." Article II, Sec. 1, if there is a vacancy in cate the polltical boobery floating around to­ Mary Clarke, in her Parliamentary Priv i­ both President and Vice President catego­ day, the charge that Nixon instig.ated the lege in the American Colonies (cited often by ries) belongs in some cloud-cuckoo-land, sur­ Middle East conflict to take attentwn away Berger in his book) says: impeachment was: rounded with heavy quantities of boo-smoke, from his domestic problems was probably one ". . . essentially a political weapon" going and concocted with much heat and very of the most senseless I have heard in years. back to 1386. little light. That is so far removed from It was denounced by no less than the House Berger, again: " ... Johnson's (Andrew reality that it isn't even worth considering. Democratic Majority Leader, Congressman Johnson's) trial serves as a frightening re­ "Impeachment".is a term being very care­ "Tip" O'Neill, of Massachusetts. (For th~t minder that in the hands of a passion-driven lessly used, with, except for a few remote matter, after Fort Sumter was fired upon m Congress the process may bring down the voices, practically no consideration given to 1861, William Seward, Lincoln's Secretary very pillars of our constitutional system. To what it means in its historical context, what of State, wanted to declare war on France one who considers that impeachment may the Founding Fathers thought of it, their and Spain to weld the Union together again I) yet have an important role to play, the rec­ own reservations, how it has been utilized Lyndon Johnson: his conduct of the Vietn~m ord is a sobering admonition against light­ in the past, and what it could possibly do to War, lack of full commitment, and hedgmg hearted resort to removal of the Presi­ the country. on taking firm measures which very probably dent.... " The House impeaches; it takes a majority could have ended it much sooner. Richard Kelly and Harbison, in their The A meri­ vote. The Senate holds the trial and needs Nixon: at the time of the Richardson-Ruckel­ can Constitution: Its Origin and Develop­ a % vote to convict; the Chief Justice pre­ shaus-Cox affair, I said the President had a ment (also cited by Berger): Many analysts sides. Article I, Section 3, clause 7 of the perfect right to fire anyone at any time, for "have concluded that had impeachment Constitution: his own reason. This is true; it cannot be dis­ proved successful as a weapon to remove a "Judgment in Cases of Impeachment shall puted. But I did say there was a question of politically inacceptable President, the prece­ not extend further than to removal from judgment and timing. dent would have been established for the Office, and disqualification to hold and enjoy I do not see, in any of the above, grounds removal of any PresidEnt refusing persist­ any Office of honor, Trust or Profit under the for impeachment of any of those Presidents. ently to cooperate with Congress. . . ." United States; but the Party convicted shall The argument still goes on over Andrew Again, to repeat, it iz not a simple thing: nevertheless be liable and subject to Indict­ Johnson. A recent book argues that Johnson James Bryce, in his The American Common­ ment, Trial, Judgment and Punishment, ac­ actually deserved to be impeached. This runs, wealth: "It is like a hundred-ton gun which cording to Law." of course, quite counter to the other side (the needs complex machinery to bring it into Article II, Section 4: author of the new book is, probably, a position, an enormous charge of powder to "The President, Vice President and all civil minority of one) but it just illustrates my fire it, and a large mark to aim at." Officers of the United States shall be re­ point: the whole topic is, basically, quite Woodrow Wilson, in Congressional Govern­ moved from Office on Impeachment for, and nebulous. You can make almost whatever ment: "it requires something like passion to Conviction of, Treason, Bribery, or other high you want to out of it. set them agoing; and nothing short of the Crimes and Misdemeanors." Just what did the Founding Fathers of our grossest offenses against the plain law of A bit of amplification is in order: the first Nation think? They were admittedly, notal­ the land will suffice to give them speed and quote merely means that whomever is con­ ways right, but considering we have existed effectiveness . ..." victed by the Senate is kicked out of office. as a Republic for two hundred years, there How about the time element? In the First He is still subject to .action by the courts. must have been some pretty good thinking Congress, John Vining, noting that in Eng­ But Article II-"all civil O.ffi.cers"-this and advice emanating from them. land the impeachment trial of Warren Hast­ means diplomats, Cabinet members, Federal For openers, Alexander Hamilton, in No. 65 ings was then taking place, had this to say: judges, District Attorneys-Congressional of The Federalist Papers, which appeared in impeachment is "insufficient to secure the Quarterly, the authoritative but unofficial the New York Packet, Friday, March 7, 1788. public safety . . . With what difficulty was weekly, says it is "a political action, couched Hamilton and John Jay and James Madison, that prosecution carried on! What a length in legal terminology, directed against a rank­ arguing for adoption of the Constitution, of time did it take to determine!" In this, ing official of the Federal Government." were the authors of what we know as The Madison, Elias Boudinot, Thomas Hartley and CQ goes on to note that since 1789 there Federalist Papers. Time has shown they were Peter Sylvester, all delegates to the First have only been around 50 impeachment at­ not always right in what they said, but they Congress, concurred. Vining went on to note tempts made in the House. Of these only 12 did leave some very worthwhile eternal truths that impeachment was "circuitous," "dila­ were voted, and got to the Senate. Of these and cautions. Hamilton on impeachment is a tory and inefficient," "what delays and un­ 12, two were tossed out for lack of jurisdic- good example; he foresaw some real dangers certainties.... " 1jion (one Senator, in 1799; Senators and Rep­ and warned about them: When Federal District Judge Halsted R it­ resentatives are not subject to impeachment) "The prosecution (of impeachable offenses) ter was tried b-:-" the Senate in 1936, Congress­ and one Secretary of War, in 1876; he was ... will seldom fail to agitate the passions of man Chauncey w. Reed said that Senators acquitted primarily because the Senate ques­ the whole community, and to divide it into should not "be required to set aside their tioned its authority to try him, as he had re­ parties more or less friendly or inimical to legislative duties, paralyzing -tor weeks the signed from office several months before the the accused. In many cases it will connect it­ law-making function ...." And, in an edi­ trial.) There were six acquittals and four tion of the Texas Law Review of 1942, Pro­ self with the pre-existing factions, and will fessor J. W. Moore wrote (speaking of im­ convictions; all the convictions were of Fed­ enlist all their animosities, partialities, in­ eral judges. Indeed, 33 of the almost 50 cases peachment of judges; the argument holds fluence, and interest on one side or the other; good for anyone) : "it is absurd to think that going to the House concerned Federal judges. and in such cases there will always be the Now, there have been, in our almost two large national interests during the war . . . greatest danger that the decision will be must wait upon the trial of Judge X." hundred years as a Republic, quite literally regulated more by the comparative strength thousands of civil officials eligible to be Again, during Judge Ritter's trial in 1936: of parties, than by the real demonstrations of Congressman John Robison: "Anyone who impeached. The fact that only ten have been innocence or guilt. impeached, eight tried, and four convicted, has been a Member of that body knows it "The delicacy and magnitude of a trust is humanly impossible to have all the Sen­ brings us to a very, very low percentage. It which so deeply concerns the political repu­ is impossible to estimate, but it is so low as ators present all the time for a period of tation and existence of every man engaged in 10 days, 2 weeks or more, sitting as a jury. to make it almost negligible, as far as the the administration of public affairs speak If they did, momentous and pressing inter~ process getting through Congress is con­ for themselves. The difficulty of placing it ests of the Nation ... would suffer." cerned, unless the evidence (and I mean rightly, in a government resting entirely on Congressman Reed, quoted above, also evidence, not partisan political charges or the basis of periodical elections, will as read- said: "The Senate is composed of busy men 40322 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS December 7, 1973 who cannot and will not divest themselves of . President has been convicted-but not by In March 1970, Mr. Murtaugh was ap­ the time they must necessarily devote to due process of law as we knQw it in this their lawmaking activities and concentrate, country. pointed the first Director of the De­ analyze and digest the intricate testimony ..." My oath as a Member of the House of Rep­ partment of Planning and Policy Devel­ There is also the nagging question of resentatives binds me "to support this Con­ opment of the Association of American double jeopardy, which is specifically pro­ stitution." Under the Constitution, there is Medical Colleges. In that capacity he was hibited in the Fifth Amendment to the Con­ "due process of law," and a man is innocent instrumental in developing programs stitution: " .•. nor shall any person be sub­ until proven guilty. aimed at expanding the national com­ ject to the same offense to be twice put in Even Presidents have that right. mitment to increase medical educational jeopardy of lif~ or limb ...." opportunities to meet the health needs Does this, possibly, conflict with Article of the American people. I, section 3, Clause 7? What would the It has been my pleasure and privilege courts say? To date, in our history, no one EULOGY ON JOSEPH MURTAUGH impeached and removed from office has been to work with Joe Murtaugh for many indicted and tried in court for the offenses years. Those who knew him will miss that led to his impeachment and removal. HON. PAUL G. ROGERS him. And many thousands of Americans Would this, indeed, be double jeopardy-as who did not have that opportunity will unconstitutional as anything any President OF FLORIDA miss his leadership. My wife and I ex­ has ever done, or even been accused of? IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES tend our sympathy to Mrs. Murtaugh Let's also keep something in mind. When Friday, December 7, 1973 and his family. we talk about impeachment of a President, we talk not only of a man but of an institu­ Mr. ROGERS. Mr. Speaker, it is my tion that, undeniably, has a certain mysti­ sad duty to inform my colleagues of the que for the gre:l.t majority of our citizens. death earlier this week of Joe Murtaugh, At the time of Andrew Johnson's impeach­ a man who dedicated his life to his coun­ THE RUSSIANS ARE COMING ment, Senator William P. Fessenden, of try through public service for nearly 40 Maine (wLo voted to acquit) made this ob­ servation: years. HON. JOHN M. ASHBROOK "In the case of an elective Chief Magistrate Most of my colleagues who know Joe OF OHIO of a great and powerful people, living under Murtaugh realize his contributions in the IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES a written Constitution, there is much more area of health, both from inside and out­ at stake in such a proceeding than the fate side the Government. Friday, December 7, 1973 of the individual. The office of President Mr. Murtaugh entered the Federal Mr. ASHBROOK. Mr. Speaker, the is one of the great coordinate branches of the service in 1935 as a junior statistician in rush to the Soviet Union by American government .... Anything which conduces the Works Progress Administration. Sub­ to weaken its hold upon the respect of the businessmen with the encouragement of people, to break down the barriers which sequently, he served as chief of the oper­ the U.S. Government has been gaining surround it, to make it the more sport of ating states program of the National momentum. I have been discussing some temporary majorities, tends to the great in­ Youth Administration. During the war, of these "deals" in the Congress and jury of our government, and inflicts a wound he served in the Office of the Surgeon speeches throughout the country. upon constitutional liberty. It is evident, General of the Army developing data on Unknown to many is that the Soviet then ... that the offence for which a Chief the utilization of Army medical facilities Union has plans to sell a larger amount Magistrate· is removed from office, and the in the Zone of the Interior. of goods in '.-he United States. American power intrusted to him by the people trans­ After a brief postwar service in the ferred to other hands . . . should be of such labor organizations have long held a posi­ a character to commend itself at once to the United Nations Relief and Rehabilitation tion of opposition toward trade with the minds of all right thinking men as, beyond Administration, Mr. Murtaugh joined the Soviet Union due to a number of reasons. all question, an adequate cause. It should be Public Health Service in 1947 as Director One of these is the total lack of any right free from the taint of party; leave no rea­ of Statistical Analysis and Special to organize into free unions in the Soviet sonable ground of suspicion upon the mo­ Studies in the Bureau of Medical Serv­ Union. Unions are completely creatures tives of those who inflict the penalty, and ices. He was later appointed Assistant of the state who serve as organizations to address ~tself to the country and the civilized Director Officer of the Bureau and re­ keep the workers in line. For the Soviet world as a measure justly called for by the ceived an outstanding performance cita­ gravity of the crime and the necessity for commissar the labor union is simply one its punishment. Anything less than this . . . tion for his role in the transfer of the more device to maintain total Communist would . . . shake the faith of the friends Indian health program from the Depart­ control. of constitutional liberty in the permanency ment of the Interior to the Public Health In addition, the Soviets rely on slave of our free institutions and the capacity of Service. labor to make many things. The House man for self-government . . .." Early in 1956, Mr. Murtaugh was ap­ Internal Security Committee has held Words to be pondered, as well as these, pointed to the staff of the Office of the extensive hearings on such slave labor. from James Bryce's The American Common­ Director of the National Institute of In many of his works Solzhenitsyn has wealth, written in 1888, Bryce was English, Health initially as Assistant Chief of the but historians regard him as one of the also graphically portrayed the evils of the best and keenest observers of our national Office of Research Planning. In 1961, Mr. Soviet slave labor. scene and character: this comes from the Murtaugh was appointed Director of With the above in mind, the following chapter "National Characteristics as Mould­ Planning at NIH in which post he served item from the Weekly Labor Forecast ing Public Opinion". until his retirement from Federal service and Review takes on added significance: "(Americans) are proud of their history in 1968. THE RUSSIANS ARE COMING-WITH TRACTORS and of their Constitution . . . they do not During his 12 years at NIH, Mr. Mur­ American farmers may soon be plowing seek change for the sake of change, because taugh contributed significantly to the ground with Russian-built tractors for the the nations that do this exist only in the major administrative decisions and pol­ growing of American wheat to sell to the fancy of alarmist philosophers... Americans icy development associated with the Russians. This likelihood of Soviet-manufac­ ... are no doubt ready to listen to sugges­ emergence of NIH as the Nation's, if not tured products further displacing U.S. manu­ tions from any quarter. They do not con­ factured products at home is to take place sider that an institution is justified by its the world's, greatest medical research in­ stitution. For his service at NIH, Mr. regardless of the current trade bill's special existence, but admit everything to be matter benefits to the Russians. for criticism. . . . Americans . . . are like a Murtaugh was awarded both the Su­ A company in Canada which sells tractors tree whose pendulous shoots quiver and perior Service and Distinguished Service imported from Russia is planning to move rustle with the lightest breeze, while its Awards of the Department of Health, into the U.S. market next year. The company, roots enfold th') rock with a grasp which Education, and Welfare. Upon retire­ Belarus Sales, is American-owned. In partner­ storms cannot loosen... . " ment from the Federal Government, Mr. ship with Belarus Equipment of Canada, The President has been accused-but not which is Soviet-owned, it already is selling by due process of law as we know it in this Murtaugh was appointed Executive Sec­ retary of the Board of Medicine of the Russian-built tractors in Canada. Belarus country. The President has been indicted­ Sales figures that its planned move to Mil­ but not by due process of law as we know it National Academy of Sciences and par­ waukee in 1974 will put it within reach of in this country. The President has been ticipated in resolving the issues sur­ the bulk of the $8.5 billion U.S. market for tried-but not by due process of law as we rounding the creation of the Institute of farm machinery. know it in this country. The President has Medicine, now the principal instrument Belarus is not the only company with the been found guilty-but not by due process of the NAS dealing with medical and idea of selling tractors made by Communist of law as we know it in this country. The health related policy matters. · bloc countries in the U.S. Auto-Tractor, December 7, 1973 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 40323 which is a Rumanian product, is joining with business. It works. . We're trying to develop TAKING A LOOK AT. "OPERATION the Canadian province of Saska.tchewan to greater etD.ciency and cut the cost to make CANDOR'' bulld a tractor assembly plant there from it an economical, practical system," he said. which it hopes to invade the U.S. tractor Right now a solar collector is 30% em­ market. cient, cost $5 to $20 a square foot. The Lewis goal is 50% etD.ciency at $2 a square foot. HON. ANDREW YOUNG · One engineer said big windmllls may be OF GEORGIA NASAENG~RSTURNTO bunt around the country to operate power IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES WINDMILLS IN plants. They also would be 100% pollution CRISIS free. Friday, December 7, 1973 A prototype windmill is being designed at Mr. YOUNG of Georgia. Mr. Speaker, HON. OLIN E. TEAGUE Lewis and will be built during the next year at Plum Brook near Sandusky to apply new in the Wall Street Journal for Decem­ OF TEXAS technology of a machine that has been ber 7, White House correspondent Fred IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES around for centuries. It will be a one mega­ L. Zimmerman looks closely at the Pres­ Friday, December 7, 1973 watt size. ident's "Operation Candor,'' the slogan The $250,000 research program is being designed to reassure the Nation that Mr. TEAGUE of Texas. Mr. Speaker, shared by NASA and the National Science there will be "full disclosure" of all the Cleveland Press of Thursday, No­ Foundation. Watergate scandal material. vember 15, 1973, carries a significant ar­ The government of Puerto Rico requested Mr. Zimmerman concludes that "Op­ ticle on the contributions of the Na­ design of a windmlll for power generation on the island, NASA engineers said. eration Candor" so far ''mainly has been tional Aeronautics and Space Admin­ Solar cells like those on Skylab now in a public-relations exercise.'' He writes istration in investigating the problems Earth orbit, are very expensive to make, they that Richard Nixon has not yet dis­ of our energy crisis. This informative said. Such cells also are only 12% to 14% closed any new information of sub­ article by aviation writer Charles Tracy etncient and could not be improved for eco­ stance, that White House spokesmen outlines the significant work being done noinic use in commercial applications, they have refused to confirm Mr. Nixon's re­ at the NASA Lewis Research Center to said. ported promises to disclose specific ma­ harness solar energy and develop a pro­ terial, and that the special Watergate totype windmill to provide pollution-free prosecutor, Leon Jaworski, has not been power. A TRIDUTE TO THE HONORABLE able to get several Watergate-related Because of the significance of this a.r­ THOMAS A. PELLY documents that have been requested ticle, I am including it in the record for repeatedly. the benefit of my colleagues and the HON. JOHN J. ROONEY As Mr. Zimmerman observes, there is general public: a wide gap between the appearance of OF NEW YORK NASA ENGINEERS TuRN TO WINDMILLS IN "Operation Candor" and the reality of CRISIS IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES continuing secrecy and deception at the (By Charles Tracy) Friday, December 7, 1973 White House. Water warmed by the sun and windmills Mr. ROONEY of New York. Mr. Speak­ The article follows: turned by the wind are systems being stud­ TAKING A LOOK AT "OPERATION CANDOR" led today by Cleveland space engineers to er, I am sure that a.ll of the Members of solve the electrical energy crisis facing the the House of Representatives were as (By Fred L. Zimmerman) nation. shocked and as deeply grieved as I was to WASHINGTON.-The gap between appear~ They've been busy developing the best learn of the recent passing of former ance and reality at the White House remains ways to use these energy producing ideas Representative Thomas M. Pelly of as wide as ever. for more than a year at NASA's Lewis Re­ Washington State. Since Tom Pelly fin­ For weeks, President Nixon and his aides search Center here and predict that prac­ ished his long and successful political ca­ have been proinising "full disclosure" of all tical, economical systems for home and reer at the end of the last Congress, I am Watergate material. In fact, nothing of sub­ commercial use are in sight. stance has been disclosed. In test_ cells used to develop spaceships sure that most of the Members of the For weeks, the President and his aides have they have assembled an ingenious collection present House had the honor and priv­ been saying that the Watergate tapes even­ of electric lights to simulate the brightness ilege both to know and to serve with him. tually would establish "beyond question" and power of the sun. Tom Pelly was a dedicated man who that Mr. Nixon is innocent of wrongdoing. In "We can Inake sunrise, high noon, a hot heeded the call of public service after fact, so much of them now turns out to be day in Arizona or a typical Cleveland cloudy completing a very successful first career either blank or nonexistent that what's left day in November," said Robert Ragsdale, as­ in business. In his first career Tom rose has become practically worthless as a means sistant chief in the power applications from messenger to assistant trust otncer of proving anything. branch headed by Lloyd Shure. For months, the President and his aides Into the solar intensity created in the with a Seattle bank. He then became have been saying that a new era of openness laboratory are put various solar collectors, manager and later president of a large has dawned as a result of Watergate's ex­ which are :flat sheets of metal covered by stationery and book concern where he cesses. In fact, this singularly traumatic epi­ glass and containing small tubes with water remained until his election to the Con­ sode in the history of the presidency hasn't flowing through them. gress in 1952. As president of the con­ produced any fundamental change at all in The water heated to several hundred de­ cern he became the first person to win day-to-day operations of the Nixon White grees, would then be circulated through base­ the national stationers Charles Garvin House. board radiators of a home to provide heat or Award for a treatise on budget account­ The "full-disclosure" phase of Mr. Nixon's used to operate a gas refrigerator for air long-running Watergate counterattack began conditioning. ing. a few weeks ago with a series of private meet­ "Solar energy is very promising. If we He was also well known in the Seattle ings with politicians. He's met with Repub­ used only 7% of the land area in the U.S. area for his civic mindedness. He was lican governors and with both Republicans for such solar collectors, we could produce president of the Seattle Chamber of and friendly Democrats from Congress. The enough electric power to meet the national Commerce from 1949 to 1951 and had counterattack has included several public ap­ needs of 1985," said another NASA engineer. served as president of the Seattle Sym­ pearances before friendly crowds, in Wash­ The greatest thing about it, he added, is phony and as a member of the board of ington and in the south, and a televised ques­ that no fuel of any kind is burned and tion-and-answer session with newspaper therefore absolutely no air pollution is the Seattle Art Museum. He was also ac­ editors. created. tive in the Washington Committee on Politicians emerging from the private ses­ In Japan such solar water heaters are in­ State Government and the Washington sions have been generally enthusiastic about stalled on the roofs of many homes of labor­ State Development Association. Mr. Nixon's presentations. Beyond that, they class Japanese in the outskirts of Tokyo. Mr. Speaker, Tom's passing was a have told reporters of a variety of steps the What do the people do when there's no loss to all of us. He will long be remem­ President has promised them he would take sun? bered by all those who knew, respected, to clear up Watergate. These have included "The idea is to store hot water in big un­ and admired him both as a Congressman making public a complete audit of his per­ derground tanks when there's lot of sun to and public servant and as a good and sonal finances, releasing his income-tax re­ make it hot, then use it on the days there is turns, and making public the Watergate no sun," said Ragsdale. trusted friend. To his lovely wife and tapes. His studies indicate water can be stored for family the Rooneys extend their deepest Nevertheless, two facts stand out; As far six days without sun. sympathy during this hour of their great as anyone knows, Mr. Nixon hasn't yet dis­ "There's no question about the solar energy loss and sorrow. closed any new information of substance ' 40324 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS December 7~ 1973 during "Operatton Candor:•· Additionally, nothing fundMXlental has changed. There are WANTED: A PUBLIC WORKS PRO.. - White House spokesmen have refused to con­ some new players but. the team is running the GRAM TO REDUCE UNEMPLOY­ firm any of his reported promises to disclose same old plays, and there's scant evidence specific material! that any lessons were learned after all. MENT CAUSED BY. ENERGY CRISIS Meanwhile, despite Mr. Nixon's public Secrecy persists, about matters as impor­ pledge to cooperate fully with special Water­ tant as the contents of the tapes to as trivial HON. JOHN A. BLATNIK gate prosecutor Leon Jaworski, the President as the President's weekend travel plans. De­ still hasn't furnished to Mr. Jaworski several ception continues. Numerous misleading OF MINNESOTA Watergate-related documents that have been statements can be found, for instance, in the IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES requested repeatedly for months. President's hour-long session with newspaper Friday, December 7, 197 3 SOME LIMITED SUCCESS editors. He said, for example, that the law on political donations had been changed and do­ Mr. BLATNIK. Mr. Speaker, on From the President's standpoint, however, nors therefore weren't aware last year that "Operation Candor" has had some limited Wednesday of this week Arthur Burns, corporate contributions were illegal; in fact, Chairmar. of the Federal Reserve Board, success. For one thing, the private meetings such contributions have been illegal since he's been having have resulted in widespread 1925. He said he had "voluntarily waived testified before the House Banking and expressions of public support from Repub­ privilege" regarding the Watergate tapes, al­ Currency Committee. The basic thrust lican politicians. Some of them simply may though what he actually did was turn them of this testimony was that "the economic be flattered that the President--at long last­ over to Judge Sirica in compliance with two outlook has worsened and become cloud­ is inviting them to the White House and is court decisions, rather than appeal the mat­ ed" as a result of the energy crisis. seeming to take them into his confidence. ter to the Supreme Court. Others may be genuinely convinced that the Dr. Burns further pointed out that There's been little, if any, additional con­ there is little the Federal Reserve Board President does intend to lay all the Watergate sultation with Congress. Mr. Nixon's recent evidence before the public. private sessions can't be considered as con­ can do to soften the blow of unemploy­ In image terms, the beleaguered President sultations according to most accounts of ment because "the shortage we have is also has been helped a bit by the friendly re­ them. Participants say he's delivered fairly a shortage of oil, not a shortage of ceptions he's had at some of his recent public pat speeches about his foreign policy achieve­ money. Therefore, monetary devices can appearances. While the cheering crowds ments, the Middle East war and the energy have a very limited usefulness in this looked good on television, however, they can crisis, and then has promised in vague terms situation." hardly be considered representative of the that he was going to make "full disclosure" public at large. Mr. Nixon is picking his a-udi­ The Washington Post report on Dr. of Watergate material. Genuine give-and­ Burns' testimony then went on to state ences carefully, and White House advance take has been rare. men have worked hard at drumming up big fu~: - shows of public support. PRESIDENT STILL INSULATED Fed (sic) officials are known to believe that Beyond that, orchestrated expressions of And certainly one feature of the pre-Water­ the Nixon Administration should be plan­ support are of little help to Mr. Nixon in re­ gate White House that hasn't changed is the ning measures to cope with a. probable rise solving the big issues of Watergate. One of insulation of the President. In the old days, in unemployment, including the develop­ these remains, as has been the case for Mr. Nixon rarely had face-to-face policy ment of a shelf of public works projects. months, the Watergate tapes. Originally, the meetings with anyone other than three men: question was whether the President would re­ Henry Kissinger, H. R. Haldeman and John Mr. Speaker, it is almost grimly ironic fuse to comply with a court order to turn Ehrlichman. These days, it's still mainly to recall that legislation to build this over nine subpoenaed tapes. Following his three men: Henry Kissinger, Press Secret.ary shelf of job-producing public works decision to comply, event s have shifted at­ Ronald Ziegler, and Chief of Staff Alexander projects was vetoed by the President in tention to an issue as potentially damaging Haig. Gone is John Connally, who reportedly 1971 and 1972. It is even more disheart­ to Mr . . Nixon as his noncompliance would had too much of a tendency to tell Mr. Nixon have been: Did somebody at the White House ening to see the administration proceed­ things he· didn't like to hear. Still around but ing with their plans to terminate this intentionally destroy some of the Watergate lacking much of a voice in key policy deci­ tapes? sions are Bryce Harlow and Melvin Laird, year the only program we have to provide The legal findings, of course, must be made both of whom are saying they're about to employment quickly to communities hurt by Judge John Sirica, who has been taking leave. It's questionable whether new Vice by sudden loss of jobs. I am referring, of testimony for several days. But in political President Gerald Ford will have much of a course, to the special impact aid made terms it seems evident by now that as a policy-making role. available through the programs of the body of evidence the tapes have been so As well as anything, the continued pres­ Economic Development Administration. compromised, whether by accident or other­ ence of Ronald Ziegler on the White House wise, that they can no longer be of much use Mr. Speaker, recent House Public staff, plus his changing role and stature, ef­ Works Committee hearings and studies to President Nixon in clearing himself. Even fectively symbolize the lack of meaningful if what's left of the tapes lacks any evidence change. strongly support the Federal Reserve that he was involved in Watergate or its cov­ Mr. Ziegler was the President's daily Board's conclusion, although regrettably erup, a large segment of the public presuma­ spokesman throughout the Watergate affair, there is no evidence that the adminis­ bly will always suspect that t he m!ssing con­ the man who originally dismissed it as a tration has even begun to consider the versations might have shown ot herwise. " third-rate burglary," the man who denied use of public works projects to help pro­ One of the oddest aspect s of t he Watergate Watergate charges for months and branded vide employment for the people who will affair has been its almost tot al lack of impact newspaper stories revealing new scandals as on the style or attitudes of Mr. Nixon and his surely lose their jobs because of fuel "shabby journalism" and "character assas­ shortages in the coming months. There top aides. When the Wate1·gate dam burst last sination." He also is the man who declared spring, there were some highly visible persoi?-­ last April that all prior White House state­ is nothing even to suggest that studies nel changes, of course. The President got nd ments on Watergate were "inoperative." are underway to provide good informa­ of his two top aides, H. R . Haldeman and Since then, however, he's been elevated to tion on the industries or regions of the John Ehrlichman, who for four years had the rank of presidential assistant, spends as country that will be most affected. blocked access to the Oval Office while tightly much time with the President as anyone, and A few days ago, for example, there was controlling much of the bureaucracy. can be seen just at the President's right With a lot of hoopla and promise, Mr. a prediction from a University of Con­ nearly every time Mr. Nixon has appeared on necticut labor expert that 150,000 people Nixon then brought into the White House television in recent months to assure the some savvy old pros, men with good political would lose their jobs in New England public that he wants "to get all the truth in the next 6 months as a result of the instincts and plenty of ent ree on Capitol Hill: out" about Watergate. Strangely, Mr. Ziegler Bryce Harlow, John Connally, Melvin Laird. retains the title of Press Secretary--even energy crisis. Nationally, forecasts of un­ Back then, winds of wholesome change though he hardly ever briefs the press any employment next summer range all the seemed to blow through the White House. more and even refuses requests for inter­ way from 5 percent to 14.7 percent, but Mistakes had been made, but lessons had views. no one can be confident about any of been learned. A consensus suddenly seemed President Nixon presumably still has time these predictions until definitive admin­ to emerge at the top : There had been too to reverse course. He evidently intends in the much secrecy and public deception, too little istration fuel allocation policies are de­ next few weeks to issue detailed statements veloped. consultation with Congress, too much insula­ on various aspects of the scandal, and per­ tion of the President, too much arrogance naps these will clear up questions rather than In his 1971 veto of the Accelerated and heavy-handedness in dealing with Con- repeat old assertions or raise new questions. Public Works Act the President stated: gress and the bureaucracy. All that is going But so far, "Operation Candor" mainly has I agree that our present economic develop­ to change, aides promised; things are going been a public-relations exercise, and one that ment programs should be extended while to open up around here. comes at a time when the public is running the Congress is considering my revenue-shar­ But months later it's clear that almost out of patience with White House PR. ing proposals. But most importantly, the 4032.5 December 7~ :- 1973 EXTENSIONS OJI REMARKS ...- • #,..

Congress must act immediately t~ insure to be reduced to avoid a serious economic NICHOLAS JOHNSON, ON LEAVING that there is no gap in service to the peo­ crisis. . FEDERAL SERVICE AFTER iO ple of Appalachia and in the economically "At best," he said, "a prolonged economic YEARS . - . depressed areas served by EDA. embargo on Arabian oil shipments to the United States will result in some economic These words of 2 years ago -have a dislocation next year." peculiarly hollow ring now. We know that He termed the overall situation "manage­ HON. JOHN D. DINGELL no replacements for the Economic De­ able," with a gradual shift to non-oil en­ OF MICHIGAN velopment Administration programs are ergy resources, and with the help of "other IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES . adjustments to be made in the thousands by yet in operation. The result is that the ingenious businessmen across the land." Friday, December 7, 1973 administration is neither proposing nor At the same time, the Fed chairman in­ Mr. DINGELL. Mr. Speaker, on De­ even considering any measures to help sisted, inflation remains a great danger, pos­ cember 5, 1973, Nicholas Johnson will be communities adjust to the enormous ing an "extremely difficult task" for eco­ problems of dwindling energy supplies nomic policy. The nation, he said, must still leaving the Federal Government after or jobs through permanent, long-range work toward "regaining price stability, while more than 10 years of dedicated staunch­ national investments in the public facili­ at the same time minimizing the risks of any ly independent and committed service to ties that are essential to orderly growth ext ensive weakening in economic activity." his country. Beginning at the remark­ In response to questions by Rep. Henry S. and development. The hearings of the ably young age of 29, Nick was appointed Reuss (D-Wisc.), Burns denied that ~ny House Public Works Committee in 1971 Maritime Administrator by Lyndon agreement had been made by the U.S. at a Johnson. He served with distinction in found that it is possible to put people to meeting of finance ministers in the French work on public works projects within 3 Loire Valley two weeks ago to "peg" the dol­ that capacity until 1966 when he was months. The record shows that this ap­ lar rate around the level set by the February appointed to the Federal Communica­ proach is a most effective way of alleviat­ devaluation. tions Commission where he has served ing the hardships caused by rising Un­ He acknowledged that "at one time or an­ for the past 7% years. employment--far more productive than other," various ministers have suggested that Rarely has a Federal administrative sharply increasing welfare payments, and the February rates were fair. "But there is a official shown such undiminished zeal general willingness in view of oil uncertain­ and independence over a 10-year span unemployment benefits. ties," he volunteered, "to test the markets, The articles follow: rather than characterizing this or that set of Government service. Rarely has a [From the Washington Post, Dec. 6, 1973] of rates as equilibrating rates." Federal Commissioner so consistently and intelligently articulated the needs FED CAN'T EASE CRISIS, BURNS TELLS CONGRESS But he said the time had come for coun­ and interests of the public. Rarely has an (By Hobart Rowen) tries holding $70 billion in dollar reserves to sell some of them, at a gradual pace, inas­ official of Government so frequently Federal Reserve Chairman Arthur F. Burns much as the dollar has become stronger. shunned the cloaks of self-protective told a congressional committee yesterday Lateqo on, asked to state his position on that "the economic outlook has worsened and secrecy to bare the weaknesses and in­ "fioating" vs. :fixed currency relationships, adequacies of the Federal bureaucracy. become clouded" as a result of the energy Burns said: crisis, but that there is little that the central "I would look forward to a return to a Rarely has a Federal employee spoken bank can do to soften the blow. par value 3ystem for most countries, with with such revealing candor to House and In testimony before the House banking fioating as an option, and wider margins Senate investigative and legislative ~om­ and currency subcommittee on interna­ than those set by Bretton Woods. I think in mittees. tional finance, Burns said that "the situa­ the long run, parities with wider margins In this age of turmoil when the integ­ tion in which we find ourselves is obviously would serve the world better than fioating very difficult, but I believe it is manageable." rity, independence, and commitment of rates, especially if there is a decline in world public servants is so often questioned, Reminded by Rep. Andrew Young (D­ economic ac' '.vity. If there is a decline, fioat­ Ga_) that the Fed "normally" would relax ing will cause some difficulties and political the governmental life and times of a tight money policy to deal with the threat problems." Nicholas Johnson serve as a reminder of unemployment, Burns responded: Burns declined to make any specific fore­ that, with courage, government officials "The shortage we have is a shortage of cast for economic growth next year, but Fed can be responsive to the commonweal. oil, not a shortage of money. Therefore, mon­ staff projections are reported to be fairly etary devices can have a very limited useful­ A brief outline of Nick's life and ac­ close to administration estimates, which complishments follows: ness in this situation." predict about 1 per cent real growth after Fed officials are known to believe that the allowing for the impact of energy shortages. Nick was born in Iowa where he was Nixon administration should be planning In 1973, the economy is growing at a 6 per involved in virtually every school sport measures to cope with a probable rise in un­ cent rate. and activity. He organized a student employment, including the development of a Burns pointed out that rising gas and oil council in fourth grade; lobbied his city shelf of public works projects. prices would not only increase the infia­ council for a swimming pool in junior In other aspects of wideranging testimony tionary problem at home, but would affect on international and domestic economic af- high; was the only student elected stu­ short-term prospects for the balance of pay­ dent body president as a junior-and fairs, Burns also: · ments. Revealed for the first time that the "basic" Thus, even if the Arab boycott cuts im­ then reelected. The Iowa Bar Association U.S. balance of payments-the total of all ports by 3 million barrels of oil a day, he voted him a citizenship prize. His fellow current international transactions and long­ said, the spectacular boost in prices would students elected him president of the term capital flows-was in large surplus for mean that payments for 1974 oil imports Iowa Association of Student Councils. the third quarter, the first such surplus since "would probably exceed by a wide margin 1969. The dollar once again is "a respected He served a 3-year term as national the $8 billion paid in 1973." Some of this president of the 500,000-member YMCA currency in financial circles," the Fed chair­ outfiow, however, would find its way back to man added. high school organization-Hi-Y -the Predicted that "in time," U.S. citizens will .the u.s. youngest member of the national YMCA be allowed once again to own and hold gold, board of directors, and its representative but only after higher priorities in monetary HIGHWAY BUDGET SACRAMENTo.-The energy crisis may force to National Council of Churches organi­ reform had been accomplished. Decisions on zations. gold sales by the U.S. and other governments, the cutback of as much as $250 million in he added, will be made "in due course." California's $930 million annual highway In college, at the University of Texas, Warned against "unrealistic expectations" budget. Nick earned his Phi Beta Kappa key, and on monetary reform, which he said would be James A. Moe, head of the state's trans­ was an editor of his law review-while an evolutionary process, not one "to be im­ portation department, said that reduced holding down part-time jobs to pay his revenues because of the energy crisis and plemented in its entirety some morning" slashed federal funding may force cuts of as way, and serving as a Democratic pre­ after a final meeting of key ministers. many as 3,500 persons in the department's cinct chairman. Promised that the U.S. might find it "feasi­ 17,600-member staff. After graduating from law school, Nick ble" 'because of the dollar's strength "to move held two of the law's most prestigious forward over the coming months with an JOB LOSS OF 150,000 SEEN orderly reduction" of restraints on capital jobs: Clerkships with U.S. Supreme BosTON, Dec. 4.-About 150,000 persons will Court Justice Hugo L. Black and U.S. outflows. lose their jobs in New England 1n the next On the domestic side, Burns stressed the six months as a result of the energy crisis, Court of Appeals Chief Judge John R. reality that passenger car use of gasoline and a University of Connecticut labor expert Brown. Then, as a member of the Uni­ borne heating oil requirements would have said today. versity of California's outstanding law 40326 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS December 7, 1973 faculty, he took leave for experience with PETROCRATS, ADVISORY COMMIT­ pect of industry carrying out its own ad­ Dean Acheson's Washington law firm, TEES AND THE PUBLIC INTEREST vice. Covington & Burling. Perhaps the prospect will not material­ Nick was one of President Lyndon B. ize. At any rate, the Federal Energy Of­ Johnson's first administrative appoint­ HON. DAVID R. OBEY fice announced today in the Federal Reg­ ments. At 29, Nick was the youngest OF WISCONSIN ister that it is establishing five new Maritime Administrator since President IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES advisory committees to help it deal with Kennedy's father, Joseph P. Kennedy, in the energy crisis, and it did so in a way 1936. He had responsibility for about $500 Friday, December 7, 1973 that could set a tenor for openness. million a year in merchant shipping and Mr. OBEY. Mr. Speaker, in testifying The FEO published charters not only shipbuilding programs, worldwide offices, last week at the Federal advisory com­ for a new Petroleum Industry Advisory and 2,500 employees. In addition, he had mittee oversight hearings being con­ Committee-Independent Sector-but responsibility as Director of the War ducted by Senator METCALF's Subcom­ for agriculture, business, consumer and Shipping Administration, and carried mittee on Budgeting, Management and environmental advisory committees as three-star admiral rank-as he was also Expenditures, I suggested that the open­ well. Ea-ch will meet about four times a Commandant of the Maritime Service meeting requirement of the Federal Ad­ year, and the latter four panels will draw and responsible for the 4-year Merchant visory Committee Act takes on added their support services not from FEO but Marine Academy at Kings Point. importance now that we find ourselves from other Federal agencies. At Maritime he also served the country confronting an energy crisis. Mr. Speaker, depending on who is ap­ well in foreign affairs. Nick was Chair­ Over the months ahead, advisory com­ pointed to these panels, and assuming man of the powerful NATO Planning mittees composed of industry representa­ that they will hold open meetings in ac­ Board for Ocean Shipping. He worked tives, scientists and others will be mak­ cordance with the Federal Advisory Com­ with the 83-nation international com­ ing recommendations to the Federal mittee Act, these new committees could munications satellite organization Intel­ Government about the steps it should serve the public interest as the Federal sat. He directed the international tour take to resolve the crisis. Unless these Government comes to grips with the en­ of the world's only nuclear-powered mer­ panels hold open meetings, neither the ergy crisis. I hope they will be constituted chant ship, touring the Kings of the press nor the public will have any idea and administered in a way that maxi­ Scandinavian nations about the ship as what kind of advice is being offered. And mizes their public interest potential. a part of our atoms for peace program. if they do not know, consumer and pub­ The material from the Federal Reg­ As the Vietnam war widened in 1966, lic interest groups could well be deprived ister follows: Nick left the FMA. of a chance to respond before the Gov­ FEDERAL ENERGY OFFICE At the Federal Communications Com­ ernment makes final decisions based on ADVISORY COMMITTEES mission, many of Nick's views of the pub­ that advice. Notice of establishment lic interest, as contained in carefully The basis for this suggestion was the , This notice is published ln accordance drawn and blistering dissents, in testi­ number of industry-oriented advisory with the provisions of section 9(a) (2) of the mony before congressional committees committees already in existence-the Federal Advisory Committee Act (Pub. L. 92- and in speeches, articles, and books he National Petroleum Council, with more 463). Following consultation with the Office has written, have consistently been than 100 members drawn from the oil of Management and Budget, notice is here­ adopted by the courts and are now the and gas industries, the Emergency Pe­ by given that it is in the public interest to laws of the land. Nick has fought for troleum Supply Committee, and so on­ establish the following advisory committees. and Senator METcALF's disclosures 2 days A description o+ the nature and purpose of lower telephone rates and improved serv­ these committees is contalne.C in their ice, for domestic satellite development, earlier, on November 27, about what he charters which are published below. for cable television, for public broadcast­ called "oil's shadow government." Dated: December 5, 1973. ing, for responsible commercial practices, Referring to · White House plans to W. E. SIMON, for less violent and more constructive partially activate the Emergency Petro­ Administrator. children's programing, for more public leum and Gas Administration Executive CHARTER-PETROLEUM INDUSTRY ADVISORY service broadcasts, for employment prac­ Reserve and utilize approximately 250 oil COMMITI'EE (INDEPENDENT SECTOR) tices in the broadcast industry which and gas industry executives to assist in 1. Objectives and scope of activities. The conform to equal employment opportu­ . planning and administering emergency objectives of the Petroleum Industry Ad­ nity laws, and for the needs and interests programs, Senator METCALF revealed -visory Committee (Independent Sector) are of women, minorities, and all persons that: to advise the Administrator, Federal Energy Office (FEO) with respect to general petro­ throughout the country who rely upon The EPGA has been a shadow government leum aspects of interests and problems re­ broadcast services as their major source agency which, through Interior's Office of lated to the policy and implementation of of news and information. 011 and Gas, was maintained ln standby programs to meet the current national energy During his tenure on the Commission readiness to mobilize and direct the Nation's petroleum and gas industries in the event of crisis. Nick authored two successful books­ a national emergency. 2. Committee tenure. In view of the goals "How To Talk Back to Your T-€levision The EPGA is composed principally of oil and purposes of the Committee, it will be Set" and "Test Pattern for Living"­ company officials. Its plan of action was de­ expected to continue beyond the foreseeable which set forth many of his views about veloped by the National Petroleum Council, future. However, its continuation will be an industry advisory committee, and other subject, to biennial review and renewed as broadcasting, Federal regulatory agen­ required by section 14 of Pub. L. 92-463. cies, governments, life, and the times. oil company entities. 3. Official to whom committee reports. The In 1967 the U.S. Jaycees selected the I believe it is important that we all know Committee will report to the Administrator, Ten Outstanding Young Men of Amer­ as much as possible about persons who con­ Federal Energy Office. duct the affairs of Government. In this in­ 4. Support services. Necessary support for ica. One was FCC Commissioner Nick stance the administrators, for the most part, Johnson. the Committee will be furnished by the Fed­ are not public officials seasoned by experi­ eral Energy Office. Later the New York Times reported ence ln civilian government. They are part of college students were turning away from the oil industry. They will function with 5. Committee duties. The duties of the folk heroes like Jerry Rubin and Abbie military officials who are also being brought Committee are solely advisory and are stated Hoffman to more · solid young leaders. into the program. in paragraph 1 above. 6. Estimated annual cost. The estimated One was Nick Johnson. Then the New Mr. Speaker, the Senator was alerting annual operating costs for the Committee Republic selected him as one of the first us to the impending creation of a new are $20,000 and involve approximately one­ winners of its coveted Public Defender class of Government officials I think we half man-years of staff support. Award. could properly characterize as "petro­ 7. Meetings. The Committee will meet ap­ Newsweek did a study of the persons crats." With petrocrats manning key proximately four times a year: most often sought for university presi­ Government posts and industry-orienred 8. Termination date. The Coiillillttee will dencies. One who ranked high was Nick advisory committees commanding Gov­ terminate two years from date · of this Charter, - unless prior to that date renewal Johnson. ernment'f'! ear, we would have the pros- December 7, 1973 "EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS . 40327 action is taken by the Administrator, FEO, 5. Committee duties. The duties of the 2. Committee tenure. In view of the goals as described in paragraph 2 above. Committee are solely advisory and are stated and purposes of the Committee, it will be 9. Determination. Establishment of this in paragraph 1 above. expected to continue beyond the foreseeaible Committee is determined to be in the public 6. Estimated annual cost. The estimated future. However, its continuatiQn will be interest in connection with the performance annual operating costs for the Committee subject to biennial review and renewed as of duties imposed on the Federal Energy Of­ are $20,000 and involve approximately one­ required by section 14 of Pub. L. 92-463. fice by Executive Order No. 11748, dated half man-years of staff support. 3. Official to whom comm·ittee reports. December 4, 1973, which delegated to the 7. Meetings. The Committee will meet ap­ The Committee will report to the Adminis­ Administrator, FEO, authority vested in the proximately four times a year. trator, Federal Energy Office. President by the Emergency Petroleum Al­ 8. Termination date. The Committee will 4. Support services. Necessary support for location Act of 1973 (Pub. L. 93-159); sec­ terminate two years from date of this Char­ the Committee will be furnished by the En­ tion 203 (a) (3) of the Economic Stabilization ter, unless prior to that date renewal action vironmental Protection Agency and the Act of 1970 (Pub. L. 91-379) as amended; is taken by the Administrator, FEO, as de­ Council on Environmental Quality. and specified authorities under the Defense scribed in paragraph 2 above. 5. Committee duties. The duties of the Production Act of 1950 (50 U.S.C. App. 2061 9. Determination. Establishment of this C.:>mmittee are solely advisory and are stated et seq), as amended. Committee is determined to be in the public in paragraph 1 above. interest in connection with the performance 6. Estimated annual cost. The estimated CHARTER-AGRICULTURE ADVISORY COMMITTEE of duties imposed on the Federal Energy Of­ annual operating costs for the Committee 1. Objectives and scope of activities. The fice by Executive Order No. 11748, dated De­ are $20,000 and involve approximately one­ objectives of the Agriculture Advisory Com­ cember 4, 1973, which delegated to the Ad­ half man-years of staff support. mittee are to advise the Administrator, Fed­ ministrator, FEO, authority vested in the 7. Meetings. The Committee will meet ap­ eral Energy Office (FEO) with respect to gen­ President by the Emergency Petroleum Al­ proximately four times a year. eral agricultural aspects of interests and location Act of 1973 (Pub. L. 93-159); sec­ 8. Termination date. The Committee will problems related to the policy and imple­ tion 203(a) (3) of the Economic Stabilization terminate two years from date of this Char­ mentation of programs to meet the current Act of 1970 (Pub. L. 91-379) as amended; ter, unless prior to that date renewal action national energy crisis. and specified authorities under the Defense is taken by the Administrator, FEO, as de­ 2. Committee tenure. In view of the goals Production Act of 1950 (50 U.S.C. App. 2061 scribed in paragraph 2 above. and purposes of the Committee, it will be et seq), as amended. 9. Determination. Establishment of this expected to continue beyond the foresee­ Committee is determined to be in the public able future. However, its continuation will CHARTER--cONSUMER ADVISORY COMMITTEE interest in connection with the performance be subject to biennial review and renewed 1. Objectives and scope of activities. The of duties imposed on the Federal Energy as required by section 14 of Pub. L. 92-463. objectives of the Consumer Advisory Com­ Office by Executive Order No. 11748, dated 3. Official to whom Committee reports. mittee are to advise the Administrator, Fed­ December 4, 1973, which delegated to the The Committee will report to the Adminis­ eral Energy Office (FEO) with respect to gen­ Administrator, FEO, authority vested in the trator, Federal Energy Office. eral consumer aspects of interests and prob· President lby the Emergency Petroleum Allo­ 4. Support services. Necessary support for lems related to the policy and implementa­ cation Act of 1973 (Pub. L. 93-159); section the Committee will be furnished by the tion of programs to meet the current nation­ 203(a) (3) of the Economic Stabilization Act Department of Agriculture. al energy crisis. of 1970 (Pub. L. 91-379) as amended; and 5. Committee duties. The duties of the 2. Committee Tenure. In view of the goals specified authorities under the Defense Pro­ Committee are solely advisory and are stated and purposes of the Committee, it will be duction Act of 1950 (50 U.S.C. App. 2061 et in paragraph 1 above. expected to continue beyond the foreseeable seq.), as amended. 6. Estimated annual cost. The estimated future. However, its continuation will be [FP.. Doc. 73-26168 Filed 12-6-73; 10:24 am) annual operating costs for the Committee subject to biennial review and renewed as are $20,000 and involve approximately one­ required by section 14 of Pub. L. 92-463. half man-years of staff support. 3. Official to whom committee reports. The 7. Meetings. The Committee will meet ap­ Committee will report to the Administra­ proximately four times a year. tor, Federal Energy Office. BILL KEATING-WISE AND CON­ 8. Termination date. The Committee will 4. Support services. Necessary support for SCIENTIOUS LEADER terminate two years from date of this Char­ the Committee will be furnished by the De­ ter, unless prior to that date renewal action partment of Health, Education, and Welfare. is taken by the Administrator, FEO, as de­ 5. Committee duties. The duties of the HON. JAMES F. HASTINGS scribed in paragraph 2 above. Committee are solely advisory and are stated OF NEW YORK 9. Determination. Establishment of this in paragraph 1 above. IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Committee is determined to be in the public 6. Estimated annual cost. The estimated interest in connection with the performance annual operating costs for the Committee are Friday, December 7, 1973 of duties imposed on the Federal Energy $20,000 and involve approximately one-half man-years of staff support. Mr. HASTINGS. Mr. Speaker, come Office by Executive Order No. 11748, dated January, there will be a vacant seat in December 4, 1973, which delegated to the 7. Meetings. The Committee will meet ap­ Administrator, FEO, authority vested in the proximately four times a year. the House, which I know will be most President by the Emergency Petroleum Allo­ 8. Termination date. The Committee will difficult to fill. cation Act of 1973 (Pub. L. 93-159); section terminate two years from date of this Char­ I am speaking of the seat occupied so 203(a) (3) of the Economic Stabilization Act ter, unless prior to that date renewal action ably by Congressman WILLIAM J. KEAT­ of 1970 (Pub. L. 91-379) as amended; and is taken by the Administrator, FEO, as de­ ING, who is leaving our ranks at the end specified authorities under the Defense Pro­ scribed in paragraph 2 above. of this session to take up new responsi­ duction Act of 1950 (50 U.S.C. App. 2061 9. Determination. Establishment of this bilities as president and chief executive et seq.), as amended. Committee is determined to be in the public interest in connection with the performance officer uf the Cincinnati Enquirer. CHARTER-BUSINESS ADVISORY COMMITTEE of duties imposed on the Federal Energy BILL KEATING came to the Congress 1. Objectives and scope of activities. The Office by Executive Order No. 11748, dated in 1971 after an illustrious public career objectives of the Business Advisory Commit­ December 4. 1973, which delegated to the as a jurist and lawmaker in his home tee are to advise the Administrator, Federal Administrator, FEO, authority vested in the town of Cincinnati. Energy Office (FEO) with respect to general President by the Emergency Petroleum Al­ In the brief time he has spent in the business aspects of interests and problems location Act of 1973 (Pub. L. 93-159); sec­ related to the policy and implementation of tion 203(a) (3) of the Economic Stabiliza­ Congress, his service has been marked programs to meet the current national en­ tion Act of 1970 (Pub. L. 91-379) as amended; by a dedication and distinction which ergy crisis. and specified authorities under the Defense pointed to a lofty future had he chosen to 2. Committee tenure. In view of the goals Production Act of 1950 (50 U.S.C. App. 2061 remain here. and purposes of the Committee, it will be et seq.), as amended. But, BILL has heeded an equally im­ expected to continue beyond the foreseeable CHARTER-ENVIRONMENTAL ADVISORY portant call and will now be serving the future. However, its continuation will be sub­ COMMITTEE people as the leader of one of the Nation's ject to biennial review and renewed as re­ quired by section 14 of Pub. L. 92-463. 1. Objectives and scope of activities. The influential newspapers with a readership 3. Official to whom Committee reports. objectives of the Environmental Advisory of more than 200,000 daily. The Committee will report to the Adminis­ Committee are to advise the Administrator, I know he will bring to his new duties trator, Federal Energy Office. Federal Energy Office (FEO) with respect to the same wisdom, judgment, and tireless 4. Support services. Necessary support for general environmental aspects of interests energies which characterized his work the Committee will be furnished by the De­ and proble~s related to the policy and im­ in the Congress. partment of Commerce and the Small Busi­ plementation of programs to meet the cur­ It has been my pleasure to serve with ness Administration. rent national energy crisis. BILL on the House Task Forces on Drug 40328 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS l)e<;ember 7, 1973 Abuse and Election Reform. On countless bUng that the oil companies are reaping giant MORE ON "U.S.A. IN MINIATURE" occasions his counsel and guidance profits, while the rest of us suffer. At this steered us in the proper direction. point, however. there has been no substan­ tial proof that the oil shortage is contrived. BILL was in the vanguard of election Despite a credibility gap existing between the HON. STANFORD E. PARRIS reform. I know one of his proudest President and the people, this is one area achievements was the establishment in OF VmGINIA where we must rely on Mr. Nixon's knowledge IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES 1972 of the Election Information Clear­ and the knowle'ige of his energy advisors, to inghouse to conduct studies on ways to steer the country out of what could be a na­ Friday, December 7, 1973 improve the functioning and the integ­ tional energy and economic catastrophe. Mr. PARRIS. Mr. Speaker, my constit­ rity of the Federal electioneering process. As a member of the House Judiciary uent, Mr. John R. Kanline, of Alexandria, Committee and the Select Committee on is continuing in his efforts for the ac­ Crime, he has made many valuable con­ GERALD FORD ceptance and approval of a project en­ tributions in the development of legis­ titled "U.S.A. in Miniature." Mr. Kanline lation. has been extremely diligent in this mat­ I know Members from both sides of HON. JAMES M. COLLINS ter, and I applaud him for his efforts to the aisle in the House regret BILL's de­ OF TEXAS make the Bicentennial celebration more parture. We will all remember and miss IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES enjoyable for all the visitors to our Na­ his quiet dignity, his wry humor, his con­ Friday, December 7, 1973 tion's Capital. Under my leave to extend scientiousness, and his warm friend­ my remarks, I include Mr. Kanline's most liness. Mr. COLLINS of Texas. Mr. Speaker, recent correspondence in the RECORD: last night when we all joined in wel­ Along with my colleagues, I wish him NOVEMBER 25, 1973. and his fainily an abundance of success. coming GERALD FoRD as our new Vice Ron. STANFORD E. PARRIS, President, we saw a unanimity of the U.S. House of Representatives, spirit that we have not seen for a long Washington, D.O. time in these United States. Sitting on DEAR CONGRESSMAN PARRIS: You have been COMMONSENSE JUDGMENT my Republican side of the aisle, it was most encouraging in support of a Bicen­ heartwarming to see the enthusiasm and tennial proposal, "USA in Miniature", by the sincerity of the welcome extended including your helpful remarks and my de­ by my Democrat friends on the other scriptive material in the Congressional Rec­ HON. EDWARD J. DERWINSKI side of the aisle. It meant so much to ord, both on August 3, p. E5356, and October OF ILLINOIS 24, 1973, p. E6725. Your support is deeply ap­ all of us to see one of our own Members preciated in moving this proposal to accept­ IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES move up to become the Vice President ance and eventual accomplishment. Friday, December 7, 1973 of the United States. Please include this letter along with your But it is more than the fact that he appropriate remarks in order to keep the Mr. DERWINSKI. Mr. Speaker, I be­ is one of our Members. The great history and record of this project complete lieve that the House Interstate and For­ strength of GERALD FORD lies in the fact and to further the proposal. eign Commerce Committee has exercised that he has a strong feeling for and Since your last remarks in the Record, the commonsense judgment in very thor­ understanding of America. Where many Washington Post has interviewed me and oughly scrutinizing legislation inspired published an article on November 15, 1973, Members spend much too much time in as follows: by the energy crisis. I trust that we will Washington, JERRY FoRD is always visit­ not enact and pass unwise legislation AMERICA, SCALED DOWN, URGED FOR ing throughout the country. He has been BICENTENNIAL which will grant excess authority to the time and again in most every city and executive branch. · State of this country. He knows the (By Adam Shaw) A very pra.ctical editorial commentary problems of the farmer. He understands John Kanline adxnits he is a dreamer, and was carried by WGN Continental Broad­ what it takes to keep industry rolling. one of his recurring dreams is the creation casting Co. of Chicago on November 29, of a "park depicting, in miniature form, He knows the problems of the trucker, America's greatest :.;ights and achievements" on this subject. I believe that it reflects the man in a blue shirt, a white-collar to help celebrate the country's 200th birth­ commonsense thinking. worker, or an employee in a department day in 1976. The editorial comment follows: store. In Congress today we realize more "Things like a mini-Statue of Liberty, a [WGN editorial, Thursday, Nov. 29, 1973] and more that what we are concerned small Golden Gate bridge, the Gra::1d Canyon, THE ENERGY CRISIS-NO. 5 with is more than laws. We are con­ Mt. Rushmore, a great steel mill ... things cerned with people, and we are con­ like that," Kanline says. President Nixon has again called on the A recently retired State Department offi­ little people to do their share to conserve cerned with the best way to build a cial, Kanline, 55, is also a realist. Almost. short oil supplies. In what White House greater America for the futw·e. "I don't know if I can bring it about. I've spokesmen s::~.id was only the first in a series When President Nixon was called on been working on getting people interested of continuing announcements, the President to name a new Vice President, he had for a year. I still don't have all that much set forth a 10-polnt plan to narrow the petro­ many outstanding men from whom to of a response," he says. "But sooner or later leum gap. choose. He had many great women to it will be done." Individuals will begin to feel the crunch whom he could have turned. But when The idea for the park, which he says ought within the next few weeks. Under authority he made his final selection, God was to be in Washington "because this is the the President will have when Congress passes nation's capital," came from a trip to Hol­ emergency leg:slation, speed limits on high­ looking over his shoulder when he sug­ land during which he saw Madurodam, a ways will drop to 50 miles per hour for auto­ gested GERALD FORD. The strong support four-acre miniature park outside the Hague mobiles, 55 miles per hour for heavy trucks that has been evidenced in the Senate that highlights the Netherland's past and and buses. There will be a ban on Sunday and the House is confirmation of the present in miniature. sales of gasoline. And, outside residential high regard and confidence that we all "The bicentennial is a good thin~ on which ornamental lighting will be banned. Then on have in GERALD FORD. to hang the park project," which he says, January first, supplies of home-heating oil We are going to find the Senate and would provide tourists with "a chance to see will be reduced 15 per cent from 1972 levels. most of America's wonders all in one place To be sure, industry will also feel the the House working more closely togeth­ before going out and seeing some of them pinch. Among other things, there will be a er. We are going to find better and for real." reduction in supplies of heatin3 oil, cut­ more effective legislation when GERALD Kanline says he thinks big busine::ses backs in jet-fuel allocations, and a curb on FoRD teams up with House Speaker CARL should provide most of the funding, with promotional lighting for businesses. ALBERT, for the best in this congressional the government and philanthropic organiza­ The President has called on each of us to term lies ahead. tions kicking in the rest. voluntarily reduce energy consumption until As I was leaving the ceremony last His own investment in trying to get his he has the power to make reductions manda­ night, I heard a fine old lady with tears minipark underway has consisted of "a year tory. Judging by those who have reduced in her eyes say, "God bless JERRY FoRD." of my time, postage stamps, and two long­ their speed limit to 50 mile& per hour, there distance telephone calls. I can't afford more has been little cooperation so far. We'd like And to this I would like to add: God - than that," he says. to see more. We'd also like to see the Presi­ bless JERRY FoRD, and God bless Amer­ "It's a great opport11nity for industry to dent set an "'Xample, by limiting his air travel ica, because I believe God blessed Amer­ advertise, tastefully," he says, adding that as much as is possible for our nation's leader. ica when we named JERRY FORD as our he has contacted 117 of the country's largest There has been a lot of grumbling, grum- Vice President. corporations, suggesting his idea. December 7, 197.3 EXTENSIONS .OF REMARKS 40329. - "We're investigating it," said a spokesman torlcal, industrial and agricultural) of this which advocate such unconstitutional for U.S. Steel. great Nation with operating miniature rail­ laws can only lead to a demise of our "Never heard of him," said one for Coca­ roads, ships, ports and plants and refineries constitutional Republic. Cola.• would be entertaining and educational for "Interesting idea," said Gulf Oll's man. adults and children. This could be a national ''But financially right now, we're not in­ monument dedicated to some worthwhile in­ terested." dividual or cause. "The bicentennial people have pushed me With the vast wealth and resources of this EYES ON THE FIGLEAF away," Kanline complained. great Nation, with its knowhow in industry " We get ideas by the bushel," said Jane and with outfits like Disney and Marriott, Shay, senior program officer for Festival who have experience in creating dream parks, HON. LESTER L. WOLFF u.S.A., the national bicentennial organiza­ I am hopeful that USA in Miniature can be OF NEW YORK tion, for "almost every suggested project." created in limited form with a few exhibits "We just don't have the money," she added. by our 200th birthday, and with additions IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES "If someone comes to us and says here's the from its own revenues in the years to Friday, December 7~ 1973 money and here's the data to back it up, follow. we'll look at it." Your interest and support continue to Mr. WOLFF. Mr. Speaker, next week Kanline knows he's fighting an uphill be deeply appreciated. the House will be considering the criti­ struggle, writing letters and making tele­ Sincerely, cally important Emergency Security As­ phone calls from his kitchen table in Al­ JOHN R. KANLINE. sistance Act, providing $2.2 billion in mil­ exandria. itary assistance to Israel. To those who "But it's something America should have. are concerned about the effect of this aid Not an amusement park, but a historical, to Israel upon our current energy crisis, entertaining and educational thing all put together," he says. Madurodam, he says, has CRIME CONTROL NO. 13 I recommend the following Wall Street working windmills, airports, oil ports, a castle Journal editorial which gives a very and historical scenes. "And it's a profit-mak- HON. EARL F. LANDGREBE sober analysis of the Arabs' real interest ing thing." _ _ in boycotting the U.S. I refer them spe­ Kanline says he has drawn up no plans, OF INDIANA cifically to the Journal's parting com­ built no models, and done no cost estimates IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES ment: because "I'm not qualified. I just want to Friday, December 7, 1973 The idea that to crush Israel (the Arabs) spark the idea, and hope someone will pick Mr. Mr. would ignore their economic interests, or up the ball and run with it." LANDGREBE. Speaker, the would turn charitable if Israel were sacri­ "I've spent a year trying to get the idea 1973 Convention of the Young Women's ficed, strikes us as a view tinged with the across to the big corporations, the govern­ Christian Association passed the follow­ romanticism which has so often forged the ment and the media," he says. "Maybe it ing resolution on gun control: Western view of the Middle East. hasn't worked, but I don't want to believe tJlat. Anyhow, I've got the time to keep That the YWCA of the USA support: Fed­ eral legislation providing for the licensing of The entire text of the editorial trying." all gun purchasers, users and owners and the follows: "I'm still something of a boy," he adds, [From the Wall Street Journal, smiling from under a gray crew-cut. "Minia­ registration of all firearms, including am­ turization fascinates me, as it has, I think, munition and all other of their component August 21, 1973] a lot of people. Look at Disney World, at the parts; and for the banning of the domestic EYES ON THE FIGLEAF way men play with their sons' toy trains .•• production, sale and possession of all hand With the voluminous talk of the "energy "There's no money in it for me. I'd just guns not suitable for such purposes as law crisis" and the eternal tension in the Middle like to look at life and say I've contributed enforcement, military and licensed guard use, East, a great deal of attention has been something more than this," he says pointing sport shooting and hunting. focused on the possibility that the U.S. may at a retirement plaque from the State De­ Mr. Speaker, I am quite surprised at have to back away from its support of Israel partment. this action of the YWCA simply because I because o! its need for Arab oil. We often In addition, the Alexandria Gazette has wonder whether the West isn't more ob­ sent a reporter to my home for a description should think that the members of this sessed with Israel than the Arabs are. ot the proposal. Your interest and assistance organization would be among the first Some Arab nations have long made rhet­ has brought the media to my door and I to favor private ownership of guns sim­ oric about on and Israel, of course, and the hope with good results. I believe it to now be ply because this organization represents current concern arises because Saudi Arabia the most talked about Bicentennial proposal one of the sections of the population that has started to join in. Lobbying for a more for the area. is most threatened by the criminal ele­ pro-Arab U.S. policy by Mobil and Standard What I fail to understand after a year's ment in the country. But there is also Oil of California, two of the partners in effort, and media and Congressional coopera­ another surprising thing about the pas­ Saudi Arabia's main oil consortium, appar­ tion is why: ently results from something King Faisal 1. The Bicentennial Commission has not sage of this resolution. said to their executives. But we wonder just called in the Park Service, the U.S. Travel The YWCA is classified as a charity and what the king said, and what he meant by Service at Commerce, or the Smithsonian to receives money collected by the United it. Similar well-publicized remarks by his oil discuss the proposal and its feasibility; Fund Campaigns. The YWCA has, by its minister, Sheik Ahmed Zaki Yamanl, seemed 2. The U.S. Chamber of Commerce or the resolution, made it clear that its energies on close examination to peter out into re­ National Association of Manufacturers and and the money collected as charitable markably vague and mild statements. We other industry and agricultural associations donations are going to be directed to­ wonder whether the whole issue is being have not brought this proposal to the atten­ ward achievement of its goals of gun con­ kept in perspective. tion of their memberships; trol. Thus anyone who contributes to a Take, for example, the "energy crisis," 3. The philanthropic organizations have which in fact is America's adjustment to had no exchange on this proposal. United Fund Campaign is thereby con­ becoming a larger-scale importer of on like - Since November, 1972, I have made 3 tributing to the political campaign of the other industrial nations. Saudi Arabia, which rounds of telephone calls to 125 major U.S. YWCA favoring Government monopoli­ sits on some 28 percent of the world's proven industries and associations and in most cases zation of guns. If a business operated in on reserves, is of course a key factor in meet­ the response was enthusiastic. The media and the same way that the YWCA is operat­ ing future world demand. And the United ing, its officers would be prosecuted for States will need some Middle Eastern oil to the Congress have been receptive and helpful. meet its increasing demands. But even 10 To me, this is a test of what one small voice violations of numberless statutes against years from now about half of American needs can accomplish in a democratic capitalistic fraud and deceptive advertising. But ap­ will be met domestically, and nearly half of society using the only available media at his parently if an organization is labeled a the rest from elsewhere in the Western command. Could the Park Service donate a charity it is not expected to conform to Hemisphere. Some of the remaining 25 per­ small parcel of land? I believe that if each such a rigid code of ethics, which is cent to 30 percent will come from non-Arab industry paid for its exhibit, the cost could rather peculiar for an organization that lands such as Iran. Up to now, for instance, be minimal, and would afford "tasteful ad­ bears the title Christian. our largest supplier from the Eastern Hemi­ vertising." I sLggest that anyone who is con­ sphere has been Nigeria. I firmly believe that a small 4 or 5 acre park cerned about gun control laws should As far as the Arab world is concerned, a re­ depicting the major sights (modern and his- newed war with Israel would indeed endanger stop contributing to both the United the flow of Persian Gulf oil. But this possi­ Fund and the YWCA until the YWCA bility seems to have blinded American - •coca-Cola since recalls the contact of reverses its position on gun control. opinion to the even more serious Middle East the writer. Continued support of organizations trouble spots that border directly on the oil CXIX--2540-Part 31 40330 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS December 7, 1973 fields. As an immediate source of an oil crisis, The editorial printed below which rmrumum received by those covered by Arab-Israeli conflict ranks somewhere below appeared in the December 3 edition of Kurdish nationalism, the Iraqi-Kuwait con­ social security, a:r:d the colleration re­ frontation over the islands of Babiyan and the New York Post ably argues that the mains that the older the retiree, the low­ Warba, the Iraqui-Iranian dispute over the time for a major offensive against the er the income. Shatt al Arab waterway, the Saudi tension gun racket is long overdue: Mr. Speaker, I urge the Members of with Abu Dhabi over the Buraimi Oasis, and GUNS OVER NEW YORK this House to consider carefully the the ethnic rebellion in the Dhofar province of New and deadly evidence confirms earlier situation of many of our elder citizens Oman. reports that this city has been invaded by on :fixed incomes who must also try to Arab politics might not even be as mono­ rings of gun runners selling thousands of some way meet the cost of living today. lithic on Israel as many in the West seem to cheaply made cast-metal pistols-"Saturday H.R. 9107 will be a great step toward think. In spite of King Faisal's fear of the night specials"-in a fluorishing black Jews, the Saudis have not forgotten that the equalizing earlier benefits with those re­ market. ceived by today's retirees, and will be a 1967 war forced Egypt to withdraw its expedi­ The latest bad news is contained in a tionary force from the Yemen, from which it study by the Treasury Dept.'s Bureau of great help to these senior citizens. occasionally dropped gas bombs on Saudi Alcohol, Tobacco and Firearms which reveals I urge its passage. border vlllages. that one gun ring alone transported 3600 Rhetoric about Israel in fact often seems to such weapons into this area between Feb­ be a "figleaf," as one Middle East bureaucrat ruary and October of last year. And that puts it, for more pressing economic objec­ was one of many such operations. SENATOR JENNINGS RANDOLPH: A tives. Saudi reluctance to increase oil pro­ Local police statistics show a direct correla­ REAL PROPHET duction has its real origin in problems of tion between these out-of-state arsenals and absorbing oil revenues in a near-feudal eco­ a high percentage o! the pistols seized in nomy. Yet the London-based International New York crime episodes. HON. ROBERT H. MOLLOHAN Institute for Strategic Studies says the an­ Access to illegally transported firearms is swer favored by the Saudis and other Arabs not the exclusive cause of crime in this city. OF WEST VmGINIA is "a dream of transforming themselves from But it is obviously a major contributing IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES mere reservoirs into industrialized states, ex­ factor, and it is one about which something Friday, December 7, 1973 ploiting a combination of surplus capital and can be done swiftly and decisively. cheap energy in order to process oil and other As Mayor Lindsay and pollee officials have Mr. MOLLOHAN. Mr. Speaker, there goods for the world market." This dream repeatedly pointed out, the illicit traffic is is a man in our midlit i:d the Congress needs cooperation from America, both as an a product of the lax or nonexistent gun laws today who for nearly 15 years has been outlet for investment money and for help prevailing in large parts of the country; 31 creating a local petrochemical industry; the urging the adoption of a national en­ states require no permit or license of any ergy policy. On August 18, 1959, this dis­ IISS remarks that industrialization depends kind of purchase a handgun. on "assured export markets for oil products The effectiveness of New York City's tinguished Member of the Senate intro­ and other manufactures." stringent statute is grimly undermined by duced a resolution calling for creation While Saudi Arabia may suffer pressure the national loopholes. Only drastic federal of a Joint Committee on a National from more militant Arab lands, the militants legislation offers a real answer. But President Fuels Policy. themselves have their own economic inter­ Nixon and most of the Congressional leader­ On June 12, 1961, this same percep­ ests. We hear reports that Iraq's oil boycott ship continue to capitulate to the gun lobby tive gentleman testified before the Sen­ plan, for instance, would give Iraq an in­ even while periodically waging a rhetorical creased share of the market. Libya has na­ ate Interior Committee and urged Amer­ tionalized American properties ostensibly "war on crime." A major offensive against ica to retain its self-sufficiency in meet­ over Israel, but it has nationalized British the gun racket is overdue. in ever-growing energy needs. He said, properties ostensibly over the Persian Gulf in part: islands of Abu Musa, Greater Tunb and The United States of America., the richest Lesser Tunb. It recently put production country the world has ever known, is, by its limits on Standard Oil of California despite H:J:LP FOR CIVIL SERVICE RETIREES own complacency, gradually placing itself at California Standard's pro-Arab lobbying, sug­ the mercy of those it should most diligently gesting that the real targets of the campaign guard against. By neglecting to apprise are the oil companies that have not yet agreed HON. BILL CHAPPELL, JR. ourselves of the true, unbiased, realistic pic­ to Libya's economic demands. OF FLORIDA ture of our own energy wealth and stability, Egypt's President Anwar Sadat saluted one we are gambling with our country's future. of Libya's nationalizations in a militant IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES speech about beginning the battle against Friday, December 7, 1973 These prophetic words were spoken in American interests in the Arab world. Two the Halls of this very Capitol more than weeks before, he was inviting Exxon to ex­ Mr. CHAPPELL. Mr. Speaker, at the 12 years ago by my good friend and able plore for oil under a 30-year contract. Two beginning of this session, I introduced COllegue JENNINGS RANDOLPH, and the weeks later, he was soliciting American bids a bill to provid~ for continual applica­ senior Senator from West Virginia. for construction of a $300 million Suez-Medi­ tion of current basic pay scales to Fed­ terranean pipeline. Senator RANDOLPH, as we all know, is The Arabs no doubt are tough customers to eral civil service annuities. This bill a highly capable veteran Member of the deal with, as are the Norwegians, the Ecua­ provided .1 more substantial increase Senate who never ceases in his efforts dorians, the Alaskans and almost anybody than does H.R. 9107 for our older re­ to pursue legislation that will benefit else who sits on oil. There may be serious tirees in that it equalized annuities for America and all of her citizens. This troubles ahead if the Arab decide to foresake past retirees based on current pay scales. country has profited many, many times their devl3lopment plans and sit on the oil Although the colt'.mittee did not report from the persistent and decisive leader-. instead. But the idea that to crush Israel the bill which I introduced, by reporting ship. they would ignore their economic interests, H .R. 9107 they did affirm the need for or would turn charitable if Israel were sacri­ The Wheeling News-Register, a paper ficed, strikes us as a view tinged with the action in this area. in my district, recently documented Sen­ romanticism which bas so often fogged tbe Liberalization of civil service retire­ ator RANDOLPH's untiring efforts to steer Western view of the Middle East. ment la·.vs and increases in Federal sal­ this country toward a self-sufficient aries in recent years have strengthened energy policy. The editorial, which fol­ civil service retirement benefits. How­ lows, is a well-deserved tribute to a wise BAN THE HANDGUN-IX ever, corresponding increases have not and forthright legislator. I am certain been reflected substantially in the an­ each of my colleagues will agree with the nuities of our earlier retires. The ma­ Wheeling i~ews-Register that this Nation HON. JONATHAN B. BINGHAM jority of these retirees do not have so­ can no longer· affor~ to ignore the wisdom OF NEW YORK cial security coverage and will not bene­ Of JENNINGS RANDOLPH. IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES fit from recent social security increases. The editorial follows: The fact remains that many of these re­ Fri day, December 7, 1973 SENATOR RANDOLPH THE "PROPHET " tirees a r e f eeling the full imp act of to­ No more prophetic statement relating to Mr. BINGHAM. Mr. Speaker, the day's infl ationary economy and are in the current energy crisis ever was uttered absence of strict national gun controls, dire need of a general annuity increase than that by West Virginia's perc~ptive Unit­ in my opinion, is responsible for the simply to meet daily living costs. In ed States Senat or Jennings Randolph on influx of out-of-State arsenals used by some cases, the annuity received by civil · J u ne 12, • 961. criminals to terrorize our streets. service retirees is much less than the Testifyin g before the Senate Interior Com• December 7, 1'973 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS 40331 mittee on that d~te, Senator Randolph spoke Congress. In the early days, he was a withdrawal of troops a major accomplish­ these words: great opponent of something called back­ ment, but 52 percent thought the settlement "Every year that passes, in which we be­ could have been reached earlier. door spending, but what caught my eye Watergate: Although the poll was taken in come more and more dependent on foreign was the manner in which he presented oil to butress our national economy and se­ mid-summer, just after the Ervin committee curity perhaps is one year nearer disaster. his case, which was always received with hearings got under way in the Senate, 7 out What mak& this all the more tragic is that great respect by his fellow Members in of 10 saw loss of public confidence in the it is unnecessary. The United States of Amer­ the House. President and weaknesses in our political ica, the richest country the world has ever I had the further pleasure of serving structure. known, is by its own complacency gradually with Tom on the Science and Astronau­ SUBPOENAS FAVORED placing it::ielf c.t the mercy of those it should tics Committet and watching him in op­ Forty-five percent of the youth, at that most dillge:a.;ly guard against. By neglecting eration there. He was always most effec­ time, thought the president should be sub­ to apprise ourselves of the true, unbiased, tive. Most important, of course, was the poenaed to testify in court; 40 percent realistic picture of our own energy wealth type of man that Tom Pelly was, and I thought he should continue in office un­ and stabilitJ, we are gambling with our can only say that he added much to the impeded; 4 percent favored impeachment; 4 country's future. percent thought he should be censured; and "This nation has a foreign policy-a de­ life of our country, and made my own life 7 percent had no opinion. fense policy-a farm policy-and the begin­ more pleasurable. Showing a general disillusionment with nings of a transportation policy. All are nec­ I will miss him. government, one-half the students surveyed essary and of 'irst importance. But not one thought elected government officials were not of them is so basic to our national security living up to acceptable standards. A scant and economy as would be a national policy in 19 percent considered elected officials per­ respect of those energy fuels that make all TEENAGERS: AWARE, LESS sons of honor and integrity-an about-face of them possible and without which, or lack­ PERMISSIVE from results of a similar poll in 1971. ing an abundant available supply of which, A majority favored limiting individual would render all other national policies im­ and corporate campaign contributions to potent and would disarrange our country in­ $1,000 or less, while most thought all public dustrial:y, economically, and militarily." HON. ROBERT P. HANRAHAN officials should be required to disclose their Imagine that-12 years before the Nation OF U.LINOIS sources of income. With the prospect of fuel shortages for suddenly discovered that it was faced with IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES a. critical energy problem, Senator Randolph the winter already apparent, 6 out of 10 spelled it all out. In fact even earlier on Friday, December 7, 1973 students felt the energy crisis could be at­ August 18, 1959 Senator Randolph introduced tributed to poor government management of a resolution in the Senate calling for the Mr. HANRAHAN. Mr. Speaker, any­ natural resources, producers holding back creation of a Joint Committee on a. National one who has become weary of hearing on fuel supplies to boost prices, and the Fuels Policy. Ever since, he has persisted In about the "long-haired, spaced-out" public's overuse of energy resources. trying to arouse successive administrations youth of today should find refreshment PROBLEMS RECOGNIZED to the need for an overall energy policy to in this interesting and enlightening arti­ Although they recognized the energy prob­ head off a. fuel crunch which now has arrived. cle from the Christian Science Monitor. lems, only 43 percent said they would be It must be galling to Senator Randolph to Aside from changing music and clothing willing to drive their cars less or to take hear the many warning statements by the fads, I do not think the current genera­ other energy conservation steps. Two years "Johnnies-come-lately" to the energy scene tion of youth is much different from any ago in a similar poll, nearly twice as many these days, including President Nixon's at­ students said they would be willlng to make tempt to blame the Congress for not facing other generation; but if there is a dif­ ference, I believe the youth of today is necessary sacrifices. up to the problem earlier. While attitudes toward women and their As we noted last week it was the Nixon more aware of our Nation's problems Administration that opposed Senator Ran­ than any generation preceding. I am role in marriage are changing, students' dolph's move in July 1970 to create a National opinions do not reflect radical changes re­ very proud of our young Americans, and garding the institution of marriage. A full Commission on Fuels and Energy. I would like to submit the following arti­ It is time that we heeded the advice of 83 percent favored the traditional form of Sen. Randolph and set about formulating cle for the benefit of my colleagues: marriage the same number indicated a. def­ and establishing specific national energy [From the Christian Science Monitor, inite interest in practicing birth control and goals and policy objectives. Whatever policy Dec. 4, 1973] stabilizing population levels. Today's youth appear to be less permissive we have at the moment is the sum total of TEENAGERS: AWARE, LEss PERMISSIVE than students questioned four years ago. the product of more than 40 federal depart­ CHICAGO.-U.S. teen-agers: ments, agencies and regulatory commissions. Seventy-two percent say they have never A radical group of unruly, agnostic long­ participated in sexual intercourse; only 60 We find it difficult to forget the repeated hairs who like yoga and get high on pills? denials by the Nixon Administration and the percent replied similarly in 1970. Forty-one No, says a new poll of high school student percent stated they did not approve of pre­ major oil companies that a petroleum short­ leaders. age was looming, denials repudiated by last marital intercourse under any circumstances, Instead, today's youth is politically and while 24 percent indicated they approved winter's mini-crisis in heating oil. socially minded; they rate the economy and Then, last sprJng, the administration and only if the couple intended to marry. the environment as the two most pressing The incidence of drug use reported by the the industry reluctantly acknowledged that national problems; the majority favors tra­ further shortages might be expected, but student leaders is infrequent, but the use ditional marriage; three-fourths say they of alcohol is increasing when compared to shrugged these off as potentially no worse have never used drugs, including marijuana. than a one or two per cent inconvenience. previous surveys. A full 95 percent state they get along with Surprisingly, 72 percent reported they had It is not too late now for a full and frank their families, and most indicate they think disclosure of the facts surrounding our cur­ never used marijuana, and over 91 percent they can communicate with adults, including of the students surveyed said they had never rent energy predicament. Regardless of their parents. where President Nixon wants to assign blame used any hard drugs. Only 3 percent said The poll of 26,000 high-school juniors and they approved of the use of hard drugs­ we insist that the record show the efforts seniors, the largest independent poll ever made by West Virginia's U.S. Senator Ran­ heroin, LSD, speed, cocaine-and only 35 taken of high-school leaders, was conducted percent approved of the use of marijuana. dolph to head off the troubles with which this summer between June and August by the nation now is confronted. However, a large majority said drugs were Who's Who among American High School readily available in their high schools. Students, a publlcation in Northfield, Dl. Only 27 percent said they had never used PLANS FOR COLLEGE beer (compared to 34 percent two years ago) . The total of 153,000 teen-agers was listed Some 38 percent responded that they had THOMAS M. PELLY in the 7th annual edition of Who's Who, and wine occasionally and 9 percent indicated, was selected for leadership in the fields of they drank it regularly. The response for academics, school activities, community serv­ hard liquor: 29 percent occasionally, 5 per­ HON. JOHN W. WYDLER ice, and athletics. cent regularly; for beer~ 32 percent occasion­ The opinions do not reflect the average stu­ OF NEW YORK ally, 15 percent regularly. dent, since nearly all the participants have The home still is an important bastion IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES a. "B" average or better and plan to go on to to teen-agers: One-half of the students dis­ Friday, December 7, 1973 college. cuss most of their close problems with In the political arena student leaders gave family members; 68 percent indicated they Mr. WYDLER. Mr. Speaker, I had the President Nixon a. high rating for improved intended to raise their own children in much great pleasure of knowing Tom Pelly relations with China and the Soviet Unton. the same wn.y their parents brought them in the years that I have served in the They considered ending the Vietnam war and up.