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(H.264). UTB Ve Zlíně, Fakulta Aplikované Informatiky, 2013 76 Testování a porovnání digitálních kompresních formátů pro audio a video Testing and Comparison of Digital Compression Formats for Audio and Video Bc. Zdeněk Marášek Diplomová práce 2013 UTB ve Zlíně, Fakulta aplikované informatiky, 2013 4 ABSTRAKT Tato diplomová práce se zaměřuje na digitální kompresní formáty audio a video, jejich analýzu a porovnání mezi sebou. Teoretická část popisuje nejpoužívanější formáty, jejich funkce a vysvětlení ztrátové a bezztrátové komprese. Praktická část se pak zabývá zpracováním zvukových a obrazových dat těmito formáty s různými datovými toky. V celém procesu zpracování zvukových a obrazových dat jsou zaznamenávány údaje a výstupní parametry. Poté jsou jednotlivé formáty detailně zanalyzovány, porovnány mezi sebou a zhodnocena kvalita jejich komprese. Klíčová slova: datový tok, audio formát, video formát, komprese, zvuk, kvalita ABSTRACT This diploma thesis focuses on comparative analysis of audio/video compression formats. The theoretical part discusses the most popular formats, their features and explains lossy and lossless compression strategies. Practical part examines the way different formats process audio and video data within a particular data stream's bit rate. Parameters and variables are recorded and resulting data provided for an detailed comparison of compression quality. Keywords: bitrate, audio format, video format, compression, sound, quality UTB ve Zlíně, Fakulta aplikované informatiky, 2013 5 Děkuji panu Ing. Romanu Šenkeříkovi, Ph.D. za účinnou metodickou, pedagogickou a odbornou pomoc a další cenné rady při zpracování mé diplomové práce. UTB ve Zlíně, Fakulta aplikované informatiky, 2013 6 Prohlašuji, že beru na vědomí, že odevzdáním diplomové práce souhlasím se zveřejněním své práce podle zákona č. 111/1998 Sb. o vysokých školách a o změně a doplnění dalších zákonů (zákon o vysokých školách), ve znění pozdějších právních předpisů, bez ohledu na výsledek obhajoby; beru na vědomí, že diplomová práce bude uložena v elektronické podobě v univerzitním informačním systému dostupná k prezenčnímu nahlédnutí, že jeden výtisk diplomové práce bude uložen v příruční knihovně Fakulty aplikované informatiky Univerzity Tomáše Bati ve Zlíně a jeden výtisk bude uložen u vedoucího práce; byl jsem seznámen s tím, že na moji diplomovou práci se plně vztahuje zákon č. 121/2000 Sb. o právu autorském, o právech souvisejících s právem autorským a o změně některých zákonů (autorský zákon) ve znění pozdějších právních předpisů, zejm. § 35 odst. 3; beru na vědomí, že podle § 60 odst. 1 autorského zákona má UTB ve Zlíně právo na uzavření licenční smlouvy o užití školního díla v rozsahu § 12 odst. 4 autorského zákona; beru na vědomí, že podle § 60 odst. 2 a 3 autorského zákona mohu užít své dílo – diplomovou práci nebo poskytnout licenci k jejímu využití jen s předchozím písemným souhlasem Univerzity Tomáše Bati ve Zlíně, která je oprávněna v takovém případě ode mne požadovat přiměřený příspěvek na úhradu nákladů, které byly Univerzitou Tomáše Bati ve Zlíně na vytvoření díla vynaloženy (až do jejich skutečné výše); beru na vědomí, že pokud bylo k vypracování diplomové/bakalářské práce využito softwaru poskytnutého Univerzitou Tomáše Bati ve Zlíně nebo jinými subjekty pouze ke studijním a výzkumným účelům (tedy pouze k nekomerčnímu využití), nelze výsledky diplomové práce využít ke komerčním účelům; beru na vědomí, že pokud je výstupem diplomové práce jakýkoliv softwarový produkt, považují se za součást práce rovněž i zdrojové kódy, popř. soubory, ze kterých se projekt skládá. Neodevzdání této součásti může být důvodem k neobhájení práce. Prohlašuji, . že jsem na diplomové práci pracoval samostatně a použitou literaturu jsem citoval. V případě publikace výsledků budu uveden jako spoluautor. že odevzdaná verze diplomové práce a verze elektronická nahraná do IS/STAG jsou totožné. Ve Zlíně ……………………. podpis diplomanta UTB ve Zlíně, Fakulta aplikované informatiky, 2013 7 OBSAH ÚVOD .................................................................................................................................... 9 I TEORETICKÁ ČÁST ............................................................................................. 10 1 KOMPRESNÍ FORMÁTY AUDIO ....................................................................... 11 1.1 ZTRÁTOVÉ KOMPRESNÍ FORMÁTY ......................................................................... 12 1.2 BEZZTRÁTOVÉ KOMPRESNÍ FORMÁTY ................................................................... 15 2 KOMPRESNÍ FORMÁTY VIDEO ........................................................................ 18 2.1 ZTRÁTOVÉ KOMPRESNÍ FORMÁTY ......................................................................... 19 2.2 BEZZTRÁTOVÉ KOMPRESNÍ FORMÁTY ................................................................... 22 3 MULTIMEDIÁLNÍ KONTEJNERY ..................................................................... 23 II PRAKTICKÁ ČÁST ................................................................................................ 25 4 ZPRACOVÁNÍ FORMÁTŮ AUDIO ..................................................................... 26 4.1 ÚVOD DO TESTOVÁNÍ ........................................................................................... 26 4.1.1 Testovací sestava .......................................................................................... 26 4.1.2 Vstupní vzorky ............................................................................................. 27 4.1.3 Převod do jednotlivých formátů ................................................................... 28 4.1.4 Metodika testování ....................................................................................... 29 4.2 ANALÝZA ZTRÁTOVÝCH FORMÁTŮ AUDIO ............................................................ 30 4.2.1 MP3 .............................................................................................................. 30 4.2.2 WMA ............................................................................................................ 33 4.2.3 AAC ............................................................................................................. 36 4.2.4 MPC ............................................................................................................. 39 4.2.5 OGG ............................................................................................................. 42 4.2.6 OPUS ............................................................................................................ 45 4.2.7 Dolby Digital (AC3) vs DTS........................................................................ 48 4.3 POROVNÁNÍ ZTRÁTOVÝCH FORMÁTŮ AUDIO DLE DATOVÝCH TOKŮ ...................... 50 4.3.1 Datový tok 320 kbit/s ................................................................................... 50 4.3.2 Datový tok 256 kbit/s ................................................................................... 51 4.3.3 Datový tok 192 kbit/s ................................................................................... 52 4.3.4 Datový tok 160 kbit/s ................................................................................... 53 4.3.5 Datový tok 128 kbit/s ................................................................................... 54 4.3.6 Datový tok 96 kbit/s ..................................................................................... 55 4.3.7 Datový tok 64 kbit/s ..................................................................................... 56 4.4 ANALÝZA BEZZTRÁTOVÝCH FORMÁTŮ AUDIO ...................................................... 57 4.4.1 WMA, ALAC, WAVpack, APE, FLAC .................................................... 57 4.4.2 Dolby TrueHD a DTS-HD MA .................................................................... 59 4.5 CELKOVÉ ZHODNOCENÍ VÝSLEDKŮ ...................................................................... 60 4.5.1 Ztrátové kompresní formáty ......................................................................... 60 4.5.2 Bezztrátové kompresní formáty ................................................................... 64 UTB ve Zlíně, Fakulta aplikované informatiky, 2013 8 5 ZPRACOVÁNÍ FORMÁTŮ VIDEO ..................................................................... 65 5.1 ÚVOD DO TESTOVÁNÍ ........................................................................................... 65 5.1.1 Testovací sestava .......................................................................................... 65 5.1.2 Vstupní vzorky ............................................................................................. 66 5.1.3 Převod do jednotlivých formátů ................................................................... 67 5.1.4 Metodika testování ....................................................................................... 68 5.2 ANALÝZA ZTRÁTOVÝCH FORMÁTŮ VIDEO ............................................................ 69 5.2.1 MPEG-1 ....................................................................................................... 69 5.2.2 MPEG-2 ....................................................................................................... 72 5.2.3 MPEG-4 AVC (H.264) ................................................................................ 75 5.2.4 MPEG-4 ASP (DivX) .................................................................................. 78 5.2.5 Ogg Theora ..................................................................................................
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