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A STUDY of ARGUMENTATIVE ELEMENTS USED in STUDENTS' ESSAY WRITING THESIS By: Nurul Faiqoh 11320061 Advisor: Hj. Galuh Nur

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A STUDY of ARGUMENTATIVE ELEMENTS USED in STUDENTS' ESSAY WRITING THESIS By: Nurul Faiqoh 11320061 Advisor: Hj. Galuh Nur A STUDY OF ARGUMENTATIVE ELEMENTS USED IN STUDENTS’ ESSAY WRITING THESIS By: Nurul Faiqoh 11320061 Advisor: Hj. Galuh Nur Rohmah, M.Pd., M.Ed. English Language and Letters Department Humanities Faculty The State Islamic University Maulana Malik Ibrahim Malang 2015 A STUDY OF ARGUMENTATIVE ELEMENTS USED IN STUDENTS’ ESSAY WRITING THESIS Presented to State Islamic University Maulana Malik Ibrahim Malang in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirement for the Degree of Sarjana Sastra (S.S) Advisor: Hj. Galuh Nur Rohmah, M.Pd., M.Ed. By: Nurul Faiqoh 11320061 ENGLISH LANGUAGE AND LETTERS DEPARTMENT HUMANITIES FACULTY THE STATE ISLAMIC UNIVERSITY MULANA MALIK IBRAHIM MALANG 2015 STATEMENT OF THE AUTHENTICITY I declare that the thesis I have written entitled A Study of Argumentative Elements Used in Students’ Essay Writing is truly my original work. This thesis is carried out to fulfill the requirement for the degree of Sarjana Sastra (S.S) in English Letters and Language Department, Faculty of Humanities, the State of Islamic University Maulana Malik Ibrahim of Malang. The content of this thesis does not incorporate to any materials previously written or published by another person except those indicated in quotations and bibliography. Due to this fact, I am the only person who is responsible if there is any objection or claim from others. Malang, 11 November, 2015 The author, Nurul Faiqoh NIM11320061 i APPROVAL SHEET This is to certify that the Sarjana’s thesis of Nurul Faiqoh entitled “A study of Argumentative Elements used in Students’ Essay Writing” has been approved by the thesis advisor for further approval by the Board of Examiners. Malang, November 11, 2015 Approved by the Advisor Acknowledged by the Head of English Letters and Language Department Hj. Galuh Nur Rohmah, M.Pd., M.Ed. Dr. Syamsuddin, M.Hum. NIP. 19740211 199803 2 002 NIP. 19691122 200604 1 001 The Dean of Humanities Faculty The State Islamic University Maulana Malik Ibrahim Malang Dr. Hj. Istiadah, MA. NIP. 19670313 199203 2 002 ii LEGITIMATION SHEET This is to certify that the Sarjana’s thesis entitled “A study of Argumentative Elements used in Students’ Essay Writing” written by Nurul Faiqoh (11320061) has been approved by the Board of Examiners as the requirement for the degree of Sarjana Sastra (S.S) in English Letters and Language Department, Humanities Faculty. The Board Examiners Signatures 1. Agus Eko Cahyono, M.Pd. (Chairman) NIP. 19820811 201101 1 008 2. Dr. Rohmani Nur Indah, M. Pd. (Main Examiner) NIP. 19760910 200312 2 002 3. Hj. Galuh Nur Rohmah, M.Pd., M.Ed. (Advisor) NIP. 19740211 199803 2 002 The Dean of Humanities Faculty The State Islamic University Maulana Malik Ibrahim Malang Dr. Hj. Istiadah, MA. NIP. 19670313 199203 2 002 iii MOTTO IT’S BETTER TO TRY AND FAIL, THAN NOT TO TRY AT ALL iv DEDICATION This thesis is proudly dedicated to grateful people in my whole life for your pray, suggestion, support, love, attention, encouragement, and effort. Those special people for me are my dearest father (Suja’i), my mother (Nur Azizah), my young sister (Hidayatul Afidah), and my youngest brother (Azizul Hisyam). v ACKNOWLEDGMENTS Bismillahirrahmanirrahim I would like to express my best gratitude to Allah SWT who has given me great of knowledge to complete this thesis. Peace and salutation be upon to the Greatest Prophet, Muhammad SAW, who has delivered the truth to human beings all over the world. Because of that divine gift of grace from Allah, I am finally able to finish the thesis entitled A STUDY OF ARGUMENTATIVE ELEMENTS USED IN STUDENTS’ ESSAY WRITING as the requirement for the degree of Sarjana Sastra (S.S.) in English Letters and Department Faculty of Humanities at Maulana Malik Ibrahim State Islamic University of Malang. Here, the writer would like to take this opportunity to say a highly thanks to all people surrounds who make many valuable contributions in making this thesis: 1. I would like to thank to my supervisor, Hj. Galuh Nur Rohmah, M. Pd, M. Ed. for her warm encouragement, guidance, support, motivation, and suggestion in doing this thesis. 2. I would like to express the deepest gratitude for lecturers of English Department for their comments, support and suggestion especially Muzakki Afifuddin, M.Pd for his valuable ideas, suggestions, corrections, critiques, guidance and remarkable patience in studying on university. 3. My beloved heroes, my inspiration, my beloved parents Suja’i and Nur Azizah who always show me how to be strong in sorrow, and humble in happiness. Thanks for your patience, love, and supports that I definitely cannot live without it. My little sister and brother; Hidayatul Afidah and Azizul Hisyam whom I always love. 4. All of my family that always support and pray for my success. And my best friend, my roommate that I always love and adore Mbak vi Ushfuriyah. Thanks for your admonition, supports, and everything that you have given for me. 5. Deepest thanks to Fahmi Muhamad for your supports, loves, prayers and memorable moment. 6. My beloved best friends or I can say my beloved family in Malang; Bintang, Iim, Tyas, Ima, Margi, Arikah, Yeni, Enita, Ahris, Nayah, Lilo, Dani, Imam, Rafi, pak poh wildan, Mahendra, and Andre thank you so much for the loves, laugh, memorable moment, friendship and many things. I cannot survive in Malang without all of you guys!. I believe, we will meet again on top Guys!!! 7. My beloved friends from Pak Bardji 18B’s boarding house; Azka, Mbak Lilis, Atus, Irhamna and Fina. I thank you so much for unforgettable moment that we share together. 8. A bunch of thanks for the members of Sanggar Tari Srikandi Humaniora who always be my mood booster to finish my tasks even my thesis. Finally, I truly realize that this thesis still needs the constructive criticism, suggestion and encouragement from the readers especially students in English Letters and Language Department. Malang, November 11, 2015 Nurul Faiqoh vii ABSTRACT Faiqoh, Nurul. 2015. A study of Argumentative Elements used in Students’ Essay Writing. Thesis, English Language and Letters Department, Faculty of Humanities, Maulana Malik Ibrahim State Islamic University of Malang. Advisor: Hj. Galuh Nur Rohmah, M. Pd, M. Ed Keywords: Argumentative elements, Toulmin’s method, students’ writing This study aims to reveal the argumentative elements which are used by the students in their argumentative essay. In the argumentative context, there are six elements which should be fulfilled in order to construct a convincing argument; they are claim, data, warrant, backing, rebuttal, and qualifier. Moreover, in this study the researcher uses descriptive qualitative as research design. In addition, the data analyzed are the students’ argumentative essay in writing III program and it classified as good essays. Afterwards, in order to obtain the proper and systematic data, the researcher becomes the main instrument. In here, the researcher adopts Toulmin’s theory to examine the argumentative elements used in students’ argumentative essay. The results show that all of the six elements which have been proposed by Toulmin are used to build the argument. However, the students have their own way to construct their thought into an argument. Therefore, there are several essays do not apply all the argumentative elements. Nevertheless, all of the essays contain the base elements, those elements are claim, data and warrant. Another element namely backing, is also consistently involved in students’ essays in order to strengthen the data. Additionally, the two supporting elements rebuttal and qualifier are required when the students want to limit and anticipate the counter argument which potentially can weaken the writers’ argument. It is important to have a deep understanding towards Toulmin’s theory of argumentation, since in determining each of element needs high consideration. Thus, for the next researchers who interest with this field are expected to develop the research by adding more previous study in order to make the research becomes more complete and perfect. viii TABLE OF CONTENTS Statement of the Authenticity ......................................................................... i Approval Sheet ............................................................................................... ii Legitimation Sheet ........................................................................................... iii Motto Sheet ....................................................................................................... iv Dedication Sheet ............................................................................................... v Acknowledgement ............................................................................................ vi Abstract ............................................................................................................. viii Table of Contents ............................................................................................. ix Chapter 1: Introduction 1.1. Background of the study .................................................................. 1 1.2. Research problems ........................................................................... 5 1.3. Objective of the study ...................................................................... 5 1.4. Scope of the study ............................................................................ 5 1.5. Significance of the study .................................................................. 6 1.6. Definition of key terms ...................................................................
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