Chapter 5: References

5. REFERENCES

Ahrens, C.D. 1993. Essentials of Meteorology. West Publishing Company, St. Paul, MN.

Alt, D.D., and D.W. Hyndman. 1984. Roadside geology of Washington. Mountain Press Publishing Company. Missoula, MT. WDNR. 1995.

Anastasio, Angelo. 1972. The Southern Plateau: An Ecological Analysis of Intergroup Relations. Northwest Anthropological Research Notes 6:109-229.

Andelman, S.J. and A. Stock. 1994. Management, Research, and Monitoring Priorities for the Conservation of Neotropical Migratory Landbirds that Breed in Washington. Washington Department of Natural Resources

Bagley, Clarence. 1929. History of King County, Washington. Volume 1. History of King County, Washington.

Baicich, P.J. and C.J.O. Harrison. 1997. A Guide to the Nests, Eggs, and Nestlings of North American Birds, Second Edition. Academic Press. San Diego, CA.

Banci, V. 1994. Wolverine. Pages 99-127 in L.F. Ruggiero, K.B. Aubry, S.W. Buskirk, L.J. Lyon, and W.J. Zielinski (eds.). The Scientific Basis for Conserving Forest Carnivores in the Western United States.

BBC Research and Consulting. 2005. The American Ski Industry - Reasons for Optimism in the 21st Century. Prepared for National Ski Areas Association. March 31.

Berge, H.B. and B.V. Mavros. 2001. King County Bull Trout Program, 2000 Bull Trout Surveys. King County Department of Natural Resources. Water and Land Division. Seattle, WA. Available: ftp://dnr.metrokc.gov/dnr/library/2001/kcr764.pdf. Last Accessed July 2003.

Beschta, R.L., M.R. Pyles, A.E. Skaugset, and C.G. Surfleet. 2000. Peakflow Responses to Forest Practices in the Western Cascades of Oregon, USA. Journal of Hydrology. Vol. 233.

Blaustein, A.R., J.J. Beatty, D.H. Olson, and R.M. Storm. 1995. The Biology of Amphibians and Reptiles in Old-Growth Forests in the Pacific Northwest. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Pacific Northwest Research Station. General Technical Report.

Blukis Onat, A.R. and J.L. Hollenbeck. 1981. Inventory of Native American Religious Use, Practices, Localities and Resources. Study Areao on the Mt. Baker-Snoqualmie National Forest, Washington State. Prepared by Institute of Cooperative Research, Inc.

The Summit at Snoqualmie Master Development Plan Proposal Final Environmental Impact Statement 5-1 Chapter 5: References

Boswell, S.A., S.K. Campbell, L.C. McConaghy, and C.J. Miss. 1990. Pratt River Logging Camp Evaluation. Prepared for Mt. Baker-Snoqualmie National Forest, Purchase Order 43-05M6-9- 0445. Report 90-6. Northwest Archaeological Associates, Inc.

Boyd, Robert. 1978. American Elk. Pages 11-29 in J.L Schmidt and D.L. Gilbert (eds.), Big Game of North America: Ecology and Management. Stackpole Books. Harrisburg, PA.

______. 1990. Demographic History, 1774-1874. In Suttles, W. (ed.). Handbook of North American Indians, Volume 7, Northwest Coast. Smithsonian Institution Press. Washington, D.C.

______. 1999. The Coming of the Spirit of Pestilence. University of Washington Press. Seattle, WA.

Brown, E.R. (ed.). 1985. Management of Wildlife and Fish Habitats in Forests of Western Oregon and Washington, Part 2 - Appendices.

Bull, Evelyn L; Holthausen, Richard S.; Henjum, Marie G. 1990. Techniques for Monitoring Pileated Woodpeckers. Gen. Tech. Rep. PNW-GTR-269. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Pacific Northwest Research Station. .Portland, OR.

Burgdorfer, Rainer. 1999. 100 Classic Backcountry Ski and Snowboard Routes in Washington. The Mountaineers. Seattle, WA.

Burtchard, Greg C. 1998. Environment, Prehistory and Archaeology of Mount Rainier National Park, Washington. Prepared for the National Park Service, Seattle, WA. Available: http://www.nps.gov/archive/mora/ncrd/archaeology/contents.htm. Last Accessed August 18, 2008.

Burton, T.A. 1997. Effects of Basin-Scale Timber Harvest on Water Yield and Peak Streamflow. Journal of the American Water Resources Association. Vol. 33, No. 6.

Buskirk, S.W., L.F. Ruggiero, K.B. Aubry, L.J. Lyon, W.J. Zielinski. 1994. American Marten, Fisher, Lynx, and Wolverine: The Scientific Basis for Conserving ForestCarnivores in the Western United States. General Technical Report RM-254.

Campbell, Sarah K. 1989. Post-Colombian Culture History in the Northern Columbia Plateau: A.D. 1500- 1900. Unpublished Ph.D. dissertation. Department of Anthropology, University of Washington. Seattle, WA.

Carlson, Roy L. 1990. Cultural Antecedents. In Suttles, W. and W.C. Sturtevant (eds.). Handbook of North American Indians, Northwest Coast. Volume 7, pp. 60-69.

The Summit at Snoqualmie Master Development Plan Proposal Final Environmental Impact Statement 5-2 Chapter 5: References

Carter, Susan. 1994. An Historical Overview of the Wenatchee National Forest, Washington. Edited by C. Holstine. U.S. Forest Service, Pacific Northwest Region.

Casola J.H., J.E. Kay, A.K. Snover, R.A. Norheim, L.C. Whitely Binder, and the Climate Impacts Group. 2005. Climate Impacts on Washington's Hydropower, Water Supply, Forests, Fish, and Agriculture. Center for Science in the Earth System, Joint Institute for the Study of Atmosphere and Ocean, University of Washington.

Cassirer and Groves. 1994. Distribution, Habitat Use, and Status of Harlequin Ducks in Northern Idaho.

Cernick, Bob. 2005. Personal Communication. WSDOT Supervisor, Hyak Maintenance Facility. Telephone conversation with Andy Wones. June 9.

Chan, J. 2003. Personal Communication. Fisheries Biologist, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Lacey, WA. Telephone conversation. August 4.

Christy, R.E., and S.D. West. 1993. Biology of Bats in Douglas-fir Forests.

City-data. 2004. North Bend, Washington Detailed Profile. Available: www.city-data.com.

Cle Elum / Roslyn Chamber of Commerce. undated. Availailable: http://www.phoenixgroupedc.org/cle%20elum.html.

Climate Impacts Group. 2006. Climate Change Scenarios. Joint Institute for the Study of the Atmosphere and Ocean at the University of Washington. http://cses.washington.edu/cig/fpt/ccscenarios.shtml. Last Accessed August 3 2008.

Cochran, Jennifer. Undated. World Wide Web. http://www.co.kittitas.wa.us/about/history.asp.

Coleman. 1932. Puget Sound, and the Northern Pacific Railroad.—II. 23:243-60. Washington Historical Quarterly.

Cooper. 1987. Seasonal Movements and Habitat Use of Migratory Elk in Mount Rainier National Park.

Corkran and Thoms. 1996. Amphibians of Oregon, Washington, and British Columbia.In Cowardin, L.W. et al. 1979. Classification of Wetlands and Deep Water Habitats of the United States. FWS/OBS- 79/31. U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service.

Council on Environmental Quality. 2005. Guidance on the Consideration of Past Actions in Cumulative Effects Analysis. June 24.

The Summit at Snoqualmie Master Development Plan Proposal Final Environmental Impact Statement 5-3 Chapter 5: References

Courtney, S.P., J.A. Blakesley, R.E. Bigley, M.L. Cody, J.P. Dumbacher, R.C. Fleischer, A.B. Franklin, J.F. Franklin, R.J. Gutiérrez, J.M. Marzluff, and L. Sztukowski. 2004. Scientific Evaluation of the Status of the Northern Spotted Owl. Sustainable Ecosystems Institute. Portland, Oregon.

Cowardin, L.W. et al. 1979. Classification of Wetlands and Deep Water Habitats of the United States. FWS/OBS-79/31. U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service.

Craig, S.D. 1997. Habitat Conditions Affecting Bull Trout, Salvelinus confluentus, Spawning Areas within the Yakima River Basin, Washington. M.S. Thesis. Central Washington University.

Creech, Jane. 2003. Upper Yakima River Basin Suspended Sediment, Turbidity and Organochlorine Pesticide Total Maximum Daily Load. Detailed Implementation Plan. Publication Number 03-10- 058. Washington State Department of Ecology, Water Quality Program. October.

Crisafulli. 1999. Survey Protocol for the Larch Mountain Salamander (Plethodon larselli) in Survey Protocols for Amphibians under the Survey and Manage Provision of the Northwest Forest Plan.

Cupp, E.C. 1997. Fish Habitat Assessment of the Keechelus/Mosquito Creek Watershed Administrative Units. Draft. Prepared for Plum Creek Timber Company, L.P. by Terrapin Environmental. Twisp, WA. March 6.

Moffett, Dave and Stan DeBruler. 1995. Personal Communication. Ski Lifts, Inc.

D’Itri, Frank M. 1992. Chemical Deicers and the Environment. Lewis Publishers. Boca Raton, FL

Daly, C., R. Neilson, and D. Phillips. 1994. A Statistical-topographic Model for Mapping Climatological Precipitation over Mountainous Terrain. Journal of Applied Meteorology. 33(2): 140-158.

DeLeon, M. 2005. Personal Communication with Washington State Bureau of Reclamation Archaeologist regarding Lake Keechelus dam repair project. June 13.

DePuydt, Raymond. 1990. A Cultural Resources Survey Along Puget Sound Power and Light's Intermountain Transmission Line Between Hyak and Vantage, Washington. Eastern Washington University Reports in Archaeology and History 100-73. Archaeological and Historical Services, Eastern Washington University. Cheney, WA.

Derleth, A. 1948. The Milwaukee Road: Its First Hundred Years. Creative Age Press. New York.

DeRosier. 2003. Personal Communication.. Report of mountain goat sightings by skier at Alpental Ski Area. January.

The Summit at Snoqualmie Master Development Plan Proposal Final Environmental Impact Statement 5-4 Chapter 5: References

Dunne, T. and L.B. Leopold. 1978. Water in Environmental Planning. W. H. Freeman and Company. New York, NY.

Dvornich et al., 1997. Amphibians and Reptiles of Washington State: Location Data and Predicted Distributions, Volume 2 in Washington State Gap Analysis - Final Report, (K.M. Cassidy, C.E. Grue, M.R. Smith and K.M. Dvornich, eds.).

Economic Development Council of Seattle and King County. 2007. Available: http://edc- sea.org/research_data/economic_demographics.cfm.

Ehrlich, P.R. et al. 1988. The Birder's Handbook: A Field Guide to the Natural History of North American Birds.

Elliot, W.J. and D.E. Hall. 1997. Water Erosion Prediction Project (WEPP) Forest Applications. Gen. Tech. Rep. INT-GTR-356. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Intermountain Research Station. Ogden, UT.

Elliot, W.J., S.M Graves, D.E. Hall, and J.E. Moll. 1998. The X-DRAIN Cross Drain Spacing and Sediment Yields. No. 9877 1801-SDTDC. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, San Dimas Technology Center. San Dimas, CA.

Environmental Laboratory. 1987. Technical Report Y-87-1 – Corps of Engineers Wetland Delineation Manual. United States Army Corps of Engineers Waterways Experiment Station. Vicksburg, MS.

Erickson and West. 1996. Managed Forests of the Western Cascades: The Effects of Seral Stage on Bat Habitat Use Patterns. Pages 215-227 in Barclay, R. M.R. and R.M. Brigham (eds.). Bats and Forests Symposium. Victoria, British Columbia. October 10-21, 1995.

Evans, J. 1990. Little History of North Bend-Snoqualmie, Washington. SCW Publications. Seattle, WA.

Fagre D.B., D.L. Peterson and A.E. Hessl. 2003. Taking the Pulse of Mountains: Ecosystem Responses to Climatic Variability. Climate Change 59(1).

Fenby, E.J. 1931. June 12 Letter from Forest Supervisor to Regional Forester re: Improvement, R&T, Rainier. National Archives. Seattle, WA.

Forest Ecosystem Management Assessment Team (FEMAT). 1993. Forest Ecosystem Management: An Ecological, Economic, and Social Assessment.

______. 1995. Ecosystem Analysis at the Watershed Scale. Interagency Executive Committee.

The Summit at Snoqualmie Master Development Plan Proposal Final Environmental Impact Statement 5-5 Chapter 5: References

Franklin, J.F.; Dyrness, C.T. 1988. Natural Vegetation of Oregon and Washington. Oregon State University Press. Corvallis, OR.

Gall, Barry. 2003. Personal Communication. E-mail regarding bull trout distribution.

Garvey-Darda, Patricia. 2003. Personal Communication. Meeting with Wildlife Biologist, Cle Elum Ranger District. November 17.

Gassaway, L. 2006. Recreation Residences on the Mount Baker-Snoqualmie National Forest: An Inventory and Determination of Eligibility for the National Register of Historic Places. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Mt. Baker-Snoqualmie National Forest. Montlake Terrace, WA. August.

Gibbs, George. 1855. Report to Captain George McClellan on the Indian Tribes of the Territory of Washington. In Reports of Explorations to Ascertain the Most Practicable and Economic Route for a Railroad. I:402-434.

Giles, David. 2007. Personal Communication. Collision Data Analyst, Washington State Department of Transportation, email to Chris Ward, SE GROUP. November, 1.

Glassford, Tom. 2005. Environmental Effects Analysis and Documentation. Course presented by U.S. Forest Service Regional Training Specialist. Olympia, Washington. May 24-25.

Gustafson, C.E., R.D. Dougherty and D.W. Gilbow. 1979. The Manis Mastodon Site: Early Man on the Olympic Peninsula. Canadian Journal of Archaeology 3:157-164.

Haeberlin, Hermann, and Erna Gunther. 1930. The Indians of Puget Sound. University of Washington Publications in Anthropology 4.

Halupka, K., Biologist, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. 2002. Personal Communication. Written comments to administrative draft BA for WSDOT I-90 Snoqualmie Pass East project.

Hamer, T.E. 1995 Inland Habitat Associations of Marbled Murrelets in Western Washington. Pages 163- 176 in C.J. Ralph, G.L. Hunt, Jr., M.G. Raphael, and J.F. Piatt (eds.). Ecology and Conservation of the Marbled Murrelet. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Pacific Southwest Research Station. Gen. Tech. Rep. PSW-GTR-15. Albany, CA.

Hamer, T.E. and E. Cummins. 1991. Relationship Between Forest Characteristics and Use of Inland Sites by Marbled Murrelets in Northwestern Washington.

Hamlet, A.F., P.W. Mote, M.P. Clark, and D.P. Lettenmaier. 2005. Effects of Temperature and Precipitation Variability on Snowpack Trends in the Western U.S. Journal of Climate. In Casola,

The Summit at Snoqualmie Master Development Plan Proposal Final Environmental Impact Statement 5-6 Chapter 5: References

J.H., J.E. Kay, A.K. Snover, R.A. Norheim, L.C. Whitely Binder and the Climate Impacts Group. 2005. Climate Impacts on Washington's Hydropower, Water Supply, Forests, Fish, and Agriculture. Center for Science in the Earth System, Joint Institute for the Study of the Atmosphere and Ocean, University of Washington.

______. 2005a. 20th Century Trends in Runoff, Evapotranspiration, and Soil Moisture in the Western US. Journal of Climate. In Casola, J.H., J.E. Kay, A.K. Snover, R.A. Norheim, L.C. Whitely Binder and the Climate Impacts Group. 2005. Climate Impacts on Washington's Hydropower, Water Supply, Forests, Fish, and Agriculture. Center for Science in the Earth System, Joint Institute for the Study of the Atmosphere and Ocean, University of Washington.

Hansen-Murray, J. 2005. Personal Communication. Correspondence between Mount Baker Snoqualmie National Forest NEPA Coordinator and Bill Granger, SE GROUP. May.

Harkenrider, Daniel. 1999. 1950 letters from D. Harkenrider, Acting Forest Supervisor, to chairpersons and business officials of the Lummi, Muckleshoot, Nooksack, Sauk-Suiattle, Samish, Snoqualmie, Stillaguwamish, Suquamish, Swinomish, Tulalip, and Upper Skagit Tribes, Yakama Nation.

Harr, R.D. 1986. Effects of Clearcutting on Rain-Snow Runoff in Western Oregon: a New Look at Old Studies. July.

Harr, R.D., A. Levno, and R. Mersereau. 1982. Streamflow Changes After Logging 130-Year Old Douglas Fir in Two Small Watersheds. Water Resources Research. Vol. 18, No. 3.

Harr, R.D., R.L. Fredriksen, and J. Rothacher. 1979. Changes in Streamflow Following Timber Harvest in Southwestern Oregon. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service. Research Paper PNW-249. Portland, OR.

Harr, R.D., W.C. Harper, J.T. Krygier, and F.S. Hsieh. 1975. Changes in Storm Hydrographs After Road Building and Clear-Cutting in the Oregon Coast Range. Water Resources Research. Vol. 11, No. 3.

Harrison, R.T., R.N. Clark, and G.H. Stankey. 1980. Predicting Impact of Noise on Recreationists. Produced for the U.S. Forest Service.

Hearne, Carol T. and Jan L. Hollenbeck. 1996. Cultrual Resource Inventory Strategy, Mt. Baker- Snoqualmie National Forest. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Mt. Baker- Snoqualmie National Forest. Mountlake Terrace, WA.

The Summit at Snoqualmie Master Development Plan Proposal Final Environmental Impact Statement 5-7 Chapter 5: References

Henderson, J.A. and R.D. Lesher. 2004. Draft Technical Memorandum: Preliminary Results of Potential Habitat Modeling for Schistostega pennata within The Summit-at-Snoqualmie Study Area and the Surrounding 5-Mile Radius.

Henderson, J.A., R.D. Lesher, D.H. Peter, and D.C. Shaw. 1992. Field Guide to the Forested Plant Associations of the Mount Baker-Snoqualmie National Forest. Technical Paper R6 ECOL TP 028-91. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Pacific Northwest Region.

Herter D.R. and L.L. Hicks. 2000. Barred Owl and Spotted Owl Populations and Habitat in the Central Cascade Range of Washington. Journal of Raptor Research 34(4):279-286.

Hewlett, J.D. 1982. Forests and Floods in the Light of Recent Investigation. Canadian Hydrology Symposium: 82. National Research Council of Canada. Fredericton, New Brunswick. June 14-15.

Hicks, B.J., R.L. Beschta, and R.D. Harr. 1991. Long-term Changes in Streamflow Following Logging in Western Oregon and Associated Fisheries Implications. Water Resources Bulletin. Vol. 27, No. 2.

Hicks, Brent A. and George Bishop. 1993. A Cultural Resource Survey of the Drawdown Zones of Cle Elum, Kachess, and Keechelus Lakes, Kittitas County, Washington. Report prepared by BOAS, Inc. for the Wenatchee National Forest, Contract No. 53-05GG-2-006.

Hodges, L.K. 1897. Mining in the Pacific Northwest. Reprinted from the Seattle Post-Intelligencer. Microforms Division, Suzzallo Library, University of Washington and by Shorey's Books. Seattle, WA.

Hollenbeck, Jan L. 1987. A Cultural Resource Overview: Prehistory, Ethnography and History. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Mt. Baker-Snoqualmie National Forest.

Hollenbeck, Jan L. and Susan L. Carter. 1986. A Cultural Resources Overview: Wenatchee National Forest. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Wenatchee National Forest. Wenatchee, WA.

Holstine, C., R. Bruce, and C. Mutschler. 1991. Historic Resources of the Milwaukee Road in Washington, 1909-1945. National Register of Historic Places Multiple Property Documentaiton Form. On file, Office of Archaeology and Historic Preservation. Olympia, WA.

Hudson, D. 2003. Personal Communication. Telephone conversation with U.S. Bureau of Reclamation.

Ingles, L.G. 1968. Mammals of the Pacific States: California, Oregon, Washington. Stanford University Press. Stanford, CA.

The Summit at Snoqualmie Master Development Plan Proposal Final Environmental Impact Statement 5-8 Chapter 5: References

Johnsgard, P.A. 1990. Hawks, Eagles, and Falcons of North America. Smithsonian Institution Press. Washington, DC.

Johnson, R. E., and K. M. Cassidy. 1997. Terrestrial Mammals of Washington State: Location Data and Predicted Distributions. Vol. 3 in Cassidy, K. M. C. E. Grue, M. R. Smith, and K. M. Dvornich (eds.). 1998. Washington Department of Fish and Wildlife 41 State Gap Analysis - Final Report. Washington Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit. 304 pp. September.

Jones and Stokes Associates and SE GROUP. 2003. Mill Creek Watershed Condition Assessment. Bellevue, WA. May.

Jones and Stokes Associates. 1995a. Preliminary Survey Report, Summit-at-Snoqualmie.

______. 1995b. Data from Habitat Surveys Conducted in 1994. Unpublished.

______. 1998. Canopy Cover Survey and Data. Unpublished.

______. 2000. Canopy Cover Survey and Data. 12 plots surveyed. Unpublished.

______. 2001. Upper South Fork Snoqualmie River and Coal Creek Watershed Condition Assessment. JSA 97-306.004. Prepared for U.S. Forest Service, Mt. Baker-Snoqualmie National Forest and Booth Creek Ski Holdings, Ltd.

______. 2002. Nighttime Snorkel Surveys for Bull Trout on Lower Coal Creek. Unpublished.

______. 2003. Aquatic ESA Listed Species Baseline Conditions Report. Bellevue, WA. May.

______. 2005. Special-Status Plant Report for The Summit-at-Snoqualmie Master Development Plan.

______. Undated. The Summit-at-Snoqualmie road network information. Unpublished.

Jones, L.L.C. 1999. Survey Protocol for the Van Dyke's Salamander (Plethodon vandykei).

Joy, J. 1994. Snoqualmie River Total Maximum Daily Load Study. Washington State Department of Ecology. Olympia, WA.

Keppeler, E.T. 1998. The Summer Flow and Water Yield Response to Timber Harvest. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service. General Technical Report. Fort Bragg, CA.

King County Budget Office. 2003. Available: http://www.metrokc.gov/budget/agr/agr03/#statprofile.

Kittitas County. 2002. Available: http://www.co.kittitas.wa.us/about/fs_2002_PopulationDesscription.pdf.

The Summit at Snoqualmie Master Development Plan Proposal Final Environmental Impact Statement 5-9 Chapter 5: References

______. 2007. County Populataion. Available: www.co.kittitas.wa.us. Last Accessed November 2007.

Kollar and Kotelly. 2002. Memorandum Order. U.S. District Court for the District of Columbia. Civil Action No. 00-2799 (CKK). National Association of Home Builders v. Donald L. Evans, Secretary of Commerce, et al. April 30. Available at: http://www.nwr.noaa.gov/1press/Chdecree.html. Last Accessed September 23, 2003.

Kostanich, Trevor. 2005. Summit Central Tubing Center and Nordic Skiing Visitation Estimates. Unpublished.

Kraemer, C. 1996. Memorandum to Barry Gall, U.S. Forest Service. Re: Bull Trout above Alpine Falls (South Fork Skykomish) and Forks of the Snoqualmie above Snoqualmie Falls. Washington State Department of Fish and Wildlife, Fish Management Program.

Kukes, Terry. 2007. Personal Communication. Washington State Department of Transportation communication with Chris Ward, SE GROUP. November 28.

LaChapelle, E.R. 1966. Notes on Avalanche Problems at Alpental. Kirkland, WA.

Larsen. E., J.M. Azerrad, and N. Nordstrom (eds.). 2004. Management Recommendations for Washington’s Priority Species, Volume IV: Birds. Washington Department of Fish and Wildlife. Olympia, WA.

Lenihan. Personal Communication.

Leonard, W.P., H.A. Brown, L.L.C. Jones, K.R. McAllister, and R.M. Storm. 1993. Amphibians of Washington and Oregon.

Lesher, Robin. 2005. Personal Communication. Forest Ecologist, Mt. Baker-Snoqualmie National Forest communication with SE GROUP regarding Hypogymnia duplicate and Schistostega pennata research.

Lewis, J.C. and D.W. Stinson. 1998. Washington State Status Report for the Fisher. Washington Department of Fish and Wildlife, Wildlife Management Program.

Lewis, J.C. and D. Kraege. 1999. Studies of Environmental Effects of Magnesium Chloride Deicer in Colorado. CDOT-DTD-R-99-10. Colorado Department of Transportation. Research Branch.

Lewis, W.M. 1999. Studies of Environmental Effects of Magnesium Chloride Deicer in Colorado. CDOT- DTD-R-99-10. Colorado Department of Transportation. Research Branch.

The Summit at Snoqualmie Master Development Plan Proposal Final Environmental Impact Statement 5-10 Chapter 5: References

Lillybridge T.R., B.L. Kovalchik, C.K. Williams, and B.G. Smith. 1995. Field Guide for Forested Plant Associations of the Wenatchee National Forest. General Technical Report PNW-GTR-359. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Pacific Northwest Research Station. October.

Lisle, T.E. and S. Hilton. 1992. The Volume of Fine Sediment in Pools: An Index of Sediment Supply in Gravel-Bed Streams. Water Resources Bulletin 28(2): 371-383.

Luttrell C.T., S. Gough, S. Emerson, and B.J. Gundy. 1999. An Archeological and Historical Review for the Washington State Parks and Recreation Commission's John Wayne Pioneer Trail Project, Kittitas and King Counties, Washington Volume 1. Prepared for Washington State Parks and Recreation Commission. Archaeological and Historical Services. Short Report 620. Eastern Washington University. Cheney, WA.

Lyman, W.D. 1919. History of the Yakima Valley, Washington, Comprising Yakima, Kittitas, and Benton Counties. Volume 1. S.J. Clarke, Spokane.

McCammon, B.P. 1994. Recommended Watershed Terminology. Watershed Council Newsletter, Vol. 6, No. 2.

McClung, D. and P. Shearer. 1993. The Avalanche Handbook. Mountaineers Press. Seattle, WA.

McDonand and Mayo. 1999. Upper Yakima Watershed Steelhead, Bull Trout, Westslope Cutthroat Trout Watershed Biological Assessment. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Wenatchee National Forest, Cle Elum Ranger District. March 3.

Mech, L.D. et al. 1988. Wolf Distribution and Road Density in Minnesota. Wildlife Society Bulletin.

Mehringer, P.J. 1989. Age of the Clovis Cache at East Wenatchee, Washington. Report submitted to the OAHP, Olympia.

Meltzer, D.J. and R.C. Dunnell. 1987. Fluted Points from the Pacific Northwest. Current Research in the Pleistocene 4:64-66.

Miles, E.L., A.K. Snover, A.F. Hamlet, B. Callahan and D. Fluharty. 2000. Pacific Northwest Regional Assessment: The Impacts of Climate Variability and Climate Change on the Water Resources of the Columbia River Basin. Journal of the American Water Resources Association 35(2).

Moffett, Webb. 1978. A Brief History of Skiing in the Northwest. Puget Soundings. 20-24 pp. December.

Mote, P.W, E.A. Parson, A.F. Hamlet, K.G. Ideker, W.S. Keeton, D.P. Lettenmaier, N.J. Mantua, E.L. Miles, D.W. Peterson, D.L. Peterson, R. Slaughter and A.K. Snover. 2003. Preparing for Climate Change: The Water, Salmon, and Forests of the Pacific Northwest. Climate Change 61:45-88.

The Summit at Snoqualmie Master Development Plan Proposal Final Environmental Impact Statement 5-11 Chapter 5: References

Mote, P.W., A.F. Hamlet, and R. Leung. 2005a. Possible Future Climate. Chapter 5 in A. K. Snover, E.L. Miles, and The Climate Impacts Group.2005. Rhythms of Change: An Integrated Assessment of Climate Impacts on the Pacific Northwest. MIT Press. (in review). Cambridge, MA. As summarized in J.H. Casola, J.E. Kay, A.K. Snover, R.A. Norheim, L.C. Whitely Binder, and the Climate Impacts Group. 2005. Climate Impacts on Washington's Hydropower, Water Supply, Forests, Fish, and Agriculture. Center for Science in the Earth System, Joint Institute for the Study of the Atmosphere and Ocean, University of Washington.

Mote, P.W., A.F. Hamlet, M.P. Clark and D.P. Lettenmaier. 2005a. Declining Mountain Snowpack in Western North America. Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society 86(1). In J.H. Casola, J.E. Kay, A.K. Snover, R.A. Norheim, L.C. Whitely Binder, and the Climate Impacts Group. 2005. Climate Impacts on Washington's Hydropower, Water Supply, Forests, Fish, and Agriculture. Center for Science in the Earth System, Joint Institute for the Study of the Atmosphere and Ocean, University of Washington.

Mt. Baker-Snoqualmie National Forest. 1995. Terrestrial Vertebrate Habitat Condition Module. Version 3.0. Appendix D in U.S. Forest Service. 1995. South Fork Snoqualmie Watershed Analysis. Mt. Baker-Snoqualmie National Forest.

______. 1995a. South Fork Snoqualmie River Watershed Late-Successional Forest. Unpublished Data.

______. 2003. Forest-Wide Roads Analysis.

______. Undated. Sighting Database. Unpublished Data.

Nagorsen, D. and R. Brigham. 1993. Bats of British Columbia. Royal British Columbia Museum Handbook. Vancouver, B.C.

Naiman, R.J. and R.E. Bilby. 1998. River Ecology and Management: Lessons from the Pacific Coastal Ecoregion. Springer-Verlag New York, Inc.

National Assessment Synthesis Team. 2000. Climate Change Impacts on the United States: The Potential Consequences of Climate Variability and Change. Chapter 9: Potential Consequences of Climate Variability and Change for the Pacific Northwest. U.S. Global Change Research Program.

National Marine Fisheries Service. 1996. Making Endangered Species Act Determinations of Effect for Individual or Grouped Actions at the Watershed Scale. The National Marine Fisheries Service, Technical Services Division, Habitat Conservation Branch.

The Summit at Snoqualmie Master Development Plan Proposal Final Environmental Impact Statement 5-12 Chapter 5: References

National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. 1996. Making Endangered Species Act Determinations of Effects for Individual or Grouped Actions at the Watershed Scale. Environmental and Techinical Services Division, Habitat Conservation Branch.

National Ski Areas Association. 2000. Kottke National End of Season Survey 1999/2000.

______. 2002. Kottke National End of Season Survey 2001/02.

______. 2004. Kottke National End of Season Survey 2003/04.

______. 2005. Sustainable Slopes; The Environmental Charter for Ski Areas.

______. 2007. Kottke National End of Season Survey 2006/07 Final Report. July.

National Sporting Goods Association. 1991. Sports Participation in 1991.

______. 1996. Sports Participation in 2006.

______. 2001 Participation – 2001 vs. 1996.

______. 2002. Sports Participation in 2001.

Nelson, Margaret A. 2001. Heritage Resources Investigations at the Crystal Mountain Resort Permit Area, Mt. Baker-Snoqualmie National Forest. Technical Report prepared for Crystal Mountain Resort and Mt. Baker-Snoqualmie National Forest.

______. 2005. Archaeological Investigation of Proposed Forest Service Acquisition Parcel, Summit at Snoqualmie Ski Areas, Washington, Technical Report Addendum. Revised March 12, 2008.

______. 2008. Cultural Resource Investigations for The Summit-at-Snoqualmie.

______. 2008a. Heritage Resources Investigations for the Snoqualmie Pass Ski Area, King and Kittitas Counties, Washington, Technical Report.

Northwest Archaeological Associates, Inc. 1994. Letters to Snoqualmie Tribe, Tulalip Tribes of Washington, and Yakama Indian Nation. September 24.

______. 2001. Heritage Resources Investigations for the Snoqualmie Pass Ski Area, King and Kittitas Counties, Washington. Seattle, WA.

______. 2005. Archaeological Investigation of Proposed Forest Service Acquisition Parcel, Summit At Snoqualmie Ski Areas.

The Summit at Snoqualmie Master Development Plan Proposal Final Environmental Impact Statement 5-13 Chapter 5: References

Northwest Indian Fisheries Commission. 2001. Treaty Hunting Rights Frequently Asked Questions. Available: www.nwifc.wa.gov/wildlife/faq.asp.

Nowak, R.M. and J.L. Paradiso. 1983. Walker's Mammals of the World.

Office of Financial Management. Available: http://www.ofm.wa.gov/census2000/p1/tables/ctable01.htm.

Oliphant, J.O. 1947. The Cattle Trade Through the Snoqualmie Pass. Pacific Northwest Quarterly 28(3): 193-213.

Pacific Fishery Management Council. 1999. Identification and Description of Essential Fish Habitat, Adverse Impacts, and Recommended Conservation Measures for Salmon. Appendix A of Amendment 14 to the Pacific Coast Salmon Plan. Portland, OR. August.

Pacific Northwest Ski Areas Association. 2004. 1994/05 - 2003/04 Visitation for Washington, Oregon, Idaho, Alaska, and Montana. Unpublished Data.

______. 2005. 1995/06 - 2004/05 Visitation for Wasghinton, Oregon, Idaho, Alaska, and Montana. Unpublished Data.

______. 2007. 1997/1998 - 2006/2007 Visitation for Washington, Oregon, Idaho, Alaska, and Montana. Unpublished Data.

Paradiso, J.L. and R.M. Nowak. 1982. Wolves (Canis Lupus and Allies). In Wild Mammals of North America: Biology, Management, and Economics. 460-474 pp.

Parker, P.L. and T.F. King. 1990. National Register Bulletin: Guidelines for Evaluating and Documenting Traditional Cultural Properties. Second revised edition. U.S. Department of the Interior, National Park Service Washington, D.C.

Peterson, J., J. Dunham, P. Howell, R. Thurow, and S. Bonar. 2002. Protocol for Determining Bull Trout Presence. U.S. Geological Survey, U.S. Forest Service. February.

Peterson, Janice. 2004. Personal Communication. June 22.

Pfankuch, D. J. 1975. Stream Reach Inventory and Channel Stability Evaluation. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service. R1-75-002. U.S. Government Printing Office #696-260-200. Washington, D.C. 26 pp.

Plum Creek. 2000. Creek Native Fish Habitat Conservation Plan.

The Summit at Snoqualmie Master Development Plan Proposal Final Environmental Impact Statement 5-14 Chapter 5: References

Powell and Zielinski. 1994. The Scientific Basis for Conserving Forest Carnivores: American Marten, Fisher, Lynx and Wolverine in the Western United States. pp. 36-79.

Prater, Yvonne. 1981. Snoqualmie Pass: From Indian Trail to Interstate. The Mountaineers. Seattle.

Programmatic Agreement. 1997. Programmatic Agreement entered by Regional Forester and the Washington State Historic Preservation Officer and the Advisory Council on Historic Preservation regarding activities subject to Sections 106 and 110 of the NHPA.

Reid, Connie S. and Matthew K. Zweifel. 1987. Pacific Crest Trail Survey. USFS Report CRR#06-17- 03/87-17. Report on file, Cle Elum District, Wenatchee National Forest.

Roderick, E. and R. Milner (technical eds.). 1991. Management Recommendations for Washington's Priority Habitats and Species. Washington Department of Wildlife.

Rosgen, D.L. 1994. A Classification of Natural Rivers. Catena 22:169-199.

Rowan, C.A., S.J. Mitchell, and H. Temesgen. 2003. Effectiveness of Clearcut Edge Windfirming Treatments in Coastal British Columbia: Short-term Results. Vol. 76, No. 1.

RRC Associates. 2002. The Summit at Snoqualmie - Winter Research 2001/02 Final Report.

______. 2003. Kottke National End of Season Survey 2002/03.

Ruby, R.H. and J.A. Brown. 1992. A Guide to Indian Tribes of the Pacific Northwest. University of Oklahoma Press. Norman and London.

Schalk, Randall. 1988. The Evolution and Diversification of Native Land Use Systems on the Olympic Peninsula. National Park Service, Pacific Northwest Region, Contract No. CS-900-4-E075.

Schmidt, Owen. 2006. Writing the Perfect Cumulative Impact Assessment. NWAEP/NAEP Course. Portland, Oregon. October 12.

Schuster, Helen H. 1990. The Yakima. Chelsea House, New York.

Scott, David W. 1982. 2360 Memo from D. Scott, Region 6 Director of Recreation to Forest Supervisor. Mt. Baker-Snoqualmie National Forest. December 8.

SE GROUP. 2001. The Summit-at-Snoqualmie Facility Information. Unpublished GIS Data. August 21.

______. 2002. Technical Memorandum: Impacts of Magnesium Chloride Usage at Crystal Mountain.

______. 2003. Canopy Cover Data within Section 16 and Stream Water Quality Data. Unpublished.

The Summit at Snoqualmie Master Development Plan Proposal Final Environmental Impact Statement 5-15 Chapter 5: References

______. 2004. The Summit-at-Snoqualmie Parking Information. Unpublished. May 27.

______. 2007. Estimated Construction Costs. Unpublished.

______. Undated. Coal Creek and South Fork Snoqualmie River Water Quality Monitoring and Turbidity Data. Unpublished.

______. Undated. Slope Gradient by Ability Level. Unpublished.

______. Undated. The Summit-at-Snoqualmie Road Network Information. Unpublished.

Seaber, P.F., P. Kapinos, and G. Knapp. 1987. Hydrologic Unit Maps. Water Supply Paper 2294. U.S. Geological Survey.

Sharp, B.E. 1992. Neotropical Migrants on National Forests in the Pacific Northwest.

Shrenk, Doug. 2005. Personal Communication regarding Alpine Lakes Wilderness and Snow Lake trails.

Singleton, P.H. and J.F. Lehmkuhl. 2000. Assessing Wildlife Habitat Connectivity in the Interstate 90 Snoqualmie Pass Corridor, Washington. U.S. Forest Service. Wenatchee, Washington.

Ski Lifts, Inc. 2001. Summit-at-Snoqualmie Facility Information. Unpublished.

______. 2003. The Summit-at-Snoqualmie Nordic Trail Network Information. Unpublished.

______. 2003a. The Summit-at-Snoqualmie Fuel Storage Information. Unpublished.

______. 2004. Summit-at-Snoqualmie Parking Information. Unpublished.

______. 2007. Summit-at-Snoqualmie Daily Skier Visitation Data 2001/02 through 2006/07. Unpublished.

______. 2008. Summit-at-Snoqualmie Revenue by Recreation Type. Unpublished.

Ski Lifts, Inc. and SE GROUP. 2004. Estimated Short-term Construction Employment. Unpublished.

Smith, M.R., P.W. Mattocks, Jr., and K.M. Cassidy. 1997. Breeding Birds of Washington State Location Data and Predicted Distributions. Seattle Audubon Society Publication. Seattle, WA. Volume 4. In K.M. Cassidy, C.E. Grue, M.R. Smith, and K.M. Dvornich (eds.). Washington State Gap Analysis: Final Report.

Smith, M.W. 1941. The Coast Salish of Puget Sound. American Anthropologist 43:197-211.

The Summit at Snoqualmie Master Development Plan Proposal Final Environmental Impact Statement 5-16 Chapter 5: References

Sno.engineering, Inc. 1997. The Summit-at-Snoqualmie Facility, Visitor and Capacity Analysis. Unpublished.

______. 1998. The Summit-at-Snoqualmie Master Development Plan.

Snoqualmie Pass Advisory Council. 1999. Transportation Study by TDA Inc. for the Snoqualmie Pass Advisory Council. Unpublished. Available in Project File.

______. Undated. Snoqualmie Pass Development Plan Analysis of Economic Conditions and Development Potential. Draft: For Review and Comment Only.

Snoqualmie Pass Utility District. 2002. Personal Communication.

______. 2007. Personal Communication.

Snover, A.K., A.F. Hamlet, and D.P Lettenmaier. 2003. Climate Change Scenarios for Water Planning Studies: Pilot Applications in the Pacific Northwest. Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society 84(11):1513-1518.

Soil Conservation Service. 1992. Soil Survey of Snoqualmie Pass area, Parts of King and Pierce Counties, Washington.

Sovern, S. 2003. Personal Communication. U.S. Forest Service, Cle Elum Ranger District.

Sovern, S. 2004. Personal Communication. Telephone conversation with U.S. Forest Service, Cle Elum Ranger District. February 5.

Spencer. 1999. Personal Communication. Meeting with Wildlife Biologist, Washington Department of Fish and Wildlife. Enumclaw, WA. May 28.

St. Charles, Joe. 2003. Personal Communication. Washington State Department of Transportation. August 25.

St. Charles, Joe. 2007. Personal Communication. Washington State Department of Transportation. Communication with Chris Ward, SE GROUP, regarding average daily traffic in the Snoqualmie Pass area.

Steen, Harold K. 1977. The U.S. Forest Service: A History. University of Washington Press. Seattle, WA.

Stokes and Stokes. 1995. Stokes Field Guide to Birds: Western Region.

The Summit at Snoqualmie Master Development Plan Proposal Final Environmental Impact Statement 5-17 Chapter 5: References

Swayne, M. 1997. Personal Communication. Environmental Systems, Redmond, WA. E-mail regarding high lake and stream system database query reports. December.

Tabor, R.W., V. A. Frizzell Jr., D.B. Booth, and R.B. Waitt. 2001. Geologic Map of the Snoqualmie Pass 30 x 60 Minute Quadrangle, Washington. U.S. Geological Survey Map I-2538 and accompanying report. 57 pp.

TDA, Inc. 1999. Draft Snoqualmie Pass Design and Development Plan.

Tetra Tech, Inc. 2002. Hydrologic Systems, Water Quality, and Floodplains. Interstate 90 Snoqualmie Pass East. Final Discipline Report. Prepared for Washington State Department of Transportation. June.

The Mountaineer. 1915. The Lodge. S.B. Bryant. The Mountaineer Annual 7: 85-87. Seattle, WA.

The Mountaineers. 1998. 100 Classic Hikes in Washington's Alpine Lakes. Written by Spring, I. and H. Manning.

Thomas and Toweill. 1982. Elk of North America: Ecology and Management.

Thomas, D.W. and S.D. West. 1991. Forest Age Associations of Bats in the Southwestern Washington Cascades and Oregon Coast Ranges. In L.F. Ruggerio, K.B. Aubry, A.B. Carey, and M.H. Huff (tech coords.). 1991. Wildlife and Vegetation of Unmanaged Douglas Fir Forests. 295-303 pp. May.

Thomas, J.W., E.D. Forsman, J.B. Lint, E.C. Meslow, B.B. Noon, and J. Verner. 1990. A Conservation Strategy for the Northern Spotted Owl. A report by the Interagency Scientific Committee to Address the Conservation of the Northern Spotted Owl. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service; U.S. Department of the Interior, Bureau of Land Management: U.S. Department of the Interior, Fish and Wildlife Service; and U.S. Department of the Interior, National Park Service.

Thomas, J.A. 2001. Hydrologic and Water Temperature Investigation of Tributaries to Keechelus Reservoir. Final Report. U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. Middle Columbia River Fishery Resources Office, Yakima Sub-Office. March 30.

Thomas, J.W. (ed.). 1979. Wildlife Habitats in Managed Forests in the Blue Mountains of Oregon and Washington. Agriculture Handbook No. 553. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service.

Throop, E.G. 1979. Utterly Visionary and Chimerical: A Federal Response to the Depression. An Examination of Civilian Conservation Corps Construction on National Forest System Lands in

The Summit at Snoqualmie Master Development Plan Proposal Final Environmental Impact Statement 5-18 Chapter 5: References

the Pacific Northwest. Unpublished M.A. Thesis, Department of History, Portland State University. Portland, OR.

Thurow, R.F. 1994. Underwater Methods for Study of Salmonids in the Intermountain West. General Technical Report INT-GTR-307. U.S. Forest Service, Intermountain Research Station.

Turner, H. 1976. Ethnozoology of the Snoqualmie. MS. On file, Suzzallo Library, University of Washington. Seattle, WA.

U.S. Bureau of Reclamation. 2003. Yakima Dams Fish Passage Phase I Assessment Report. Upper Columbia Area Office, Yakima, WA; Pacific Northwest Regional Office, Boise, ID. February.

U.S. Census Bureau. 2000. 2000 Profile of General Demographic Characteristics for Easton CDP. North Bend, Cle Elum, Snoqualmie Pass CDP.

______. 2000b. 2000 Profile of General Demographic Characteristics for Easton CDP. North Bend, Cle Elum, Snoqualmie Pass CDP.

______. 2007. 2007 Profile of General Demographic Characteristics for Easton CDP. North Bend, Cle Elum, Snoqualmie Pass CDP.

U.S. Department of Agriculture and U.S. Department of the Interior. 1994. Record of Decision for Amendments to Forest Service and Bureau of Land Management Planning Documents within the Range of the Northern Spotted Owl.

______. 2001. Record of Decision and Standards and Guidelines for Amendments to the Survey and Manage, Protection Buffer, and other Mitigation Measures Standards and Guidelines.

______. 2004a. Final Environmental Impact Statement and Record of Decision Amending Resource Management Plans for Seven Bureau of Land Management Districts and Land and Resource Management Plans for Nineteen National Forests within the Range of the Northern Spotted Owl.

______. 2004b. Record of Decision to Remove or Modify the Survey and Manage Mitigation Measure Standards and Guidelines in Forest Service and Bureau of Land Management Planning Documents within the Range of the Northern Spotted Owl.

U.S. Department of Agriculture. 1981. Record of Decision and Selected Alternative - Alpine Lakes Area Land Management Plan Final Environmental Impact Statement.

______. 1982. Comprehensive Management Plan for the Pacific Crest National Scenic Trail. U.S. Forest Service, Pacific Northwest Region.

The Summit at Snoqualmie Master Development Plan Proposal Final Environmental Impact Statement 5-19 Chapter 5: References

______. 1990. Crystal Mountain Environmental Assessment – Sewage Treatment and Water Supply for Upper Mountain Restaurants.

______. 1990a. Mt. Baker-Snoqualmie National Forest Land and Resource Management Plan. U.S. Forest Service, Pacific Northwest Region.

______. 1990b. Mt. Baker-Snoqualmie National Forest Land and Resource Management Plan. Final Environmental Impact Statement.

______. 1990c. Wenatchee National Forest Land and Resource Management Plan. Final Environmental Impact Statement.

______. 1995a. Salmon River Watershed Analysis. Mount Hood National Forest.

______. 1995b. Air Quality Conformity Handbook - A Handbook for Land Managers. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Air Resources/Fire Management, Pacific Southwest Region. November.

______. 1997. Departmental Regulation Number 5600-2. Subject: Environmental Justice.

______. 1997b. Record of Decision. Snoqualmie Pass Adaptive Management Plan.

______. 1998b. Environmental Assessment for the Timberline Lodge Master Development Plan Amendment and Forest Plan Amendment #12. U.S. Government Printing Office.

______. 1999. Prevention Strategies and Best Management Practices. Mount Baker-Snoqualmie National Forest.

______. 2000. The Forest Service Roadless Area Conservation Final Environmental Impact Statement. US Government Printing Office - Washington Office.

______. 2000a. The Recreation Agenda.

______. 2000b. Accessibility Guidebook for Ski Areas on Public Lands.

______. 2001. Forest-wide Late Successional Reserve Assessment.

______. 2005. Strategy for New Invaders. Mount Baker-Snoqualmie National Forest.

______. 2007. Record of Decision to Remove the Survey and Manage Mitigation Measure Standards and Guidelines from Forest Service Land and Resource Management Plans within the Range of the Northern Spotted Owl. July.

The Summit at Snoqualmie Master Development Plan Proposal Final Environmental Impact Statement 5-20 Chapter 5: References

U.S. Department of Interior. 1994. Mt. Baker Snoqualmie National Forest Land and Resource Management Plan as Amended by the Record of Decision for Amendments to Forest Service and Bureau of Land Management Planning Documents within the Range of the Northern Spotted Owl.

U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. 2005. One-Hour Ozone Information. Available: www.epa.gov/oar/oaqps/greenbk/oindex.html. Last Accessed September 29, 2006.

______. 2006. Press Release: Environmental Protection Agency Strengthens U.S. Air Quality Standards. Available: www.epa.gov. Last Accessed September 29.

U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. 1986. Pacific States Bald Eagle Recovery Plan.

______. 1987. Northern Rocky Mountain Wolf Recovery Plan. Denver, CO.

______. 1990. Endangered and Threatened Wildlife and Plants: Determination of Threatened Status of the Northern Spotted Owl. Federal Register 55, 26114–26194.

______. 1993. Grizzly Bear Recovery Plan.

______. 1998. A Framework to Assist in Making Endangered Species Act Determinations of Effect for Individual or Grouped Actions at the Bull Trout Subpopulation Watershed Scale.

______. 2003. FR68 No.152:46989-47009. Missoula, MT. August 7.

U.S. Forest Service and Mt. Baker Snoqualmie-National Forest. 1999. Environmental Assessment for Noxious Weed Management on the Mt. Baker-Snoqualmie National Forest. Appendix C.

U.S. Forest Service and U.S Fish and Wildlife Service. 1997. Final Environmental Impact Statement, Snoqualmie Pass Adaptive Management Area Plan.

U.S. Forest Service and U.S. Bureau of Land Management. 1996. Draft Management Recommendations for Goblin’s Gold Schistostega pennata. DraftVersion 1.1.

U.S. Forest Service and Washington State Department of Fish and Wildlife. 1997. Memorandum of Understanding. NFS 98-06-54-05.

______. 2005. Memorandum of Understanding. NFS 05-MU-11060000-391.

U.S. Forest Service Region 6. 2001. National Visitor Use Monitoring Report.

The Summit at Snoqualmie Master Development Plan Proposal Final Environmental Impact Statement 5-21 Chapter 5: References

U.S. Forest Service. 1937. Snoqualmie National Forest, Washington. 1":1 mile scale. Map on file: Mt. Baker-Snoqualmie National Forest. Everett, WA.

______. 1945. Snoqualmie National Forest, Washington. 1":1 mile scale. Map on file: Mt. Baker- Snoqualmie National Forest. Everett, WA.

______. 1974. National Forest Landscape Management, Volumes 1 and 2. U.S. Government Printing Office.

______. 1988. Final Environmental Impact Statement for Managing Competing and Unwanted Vegetation.

______. 1994. Stream Inventory Handbook. Level I and II. Version 7.5. Region 6.

______. 1995a. South Fork Snoqualmie Watershed Analysis. Mt. Baker-Snoqualmie National Forest, North Bend Ranger District. North Bend, WA.

______. 1995b. Yakima Watershed Assessment. Wenatchee National Forest, Cle Elum Ranger District. Cle Elum, WA.

______. 1995c. National Survey on Recreation and the Environment 1994/95.

______. 1997. Yakima Watershed Assessment. Wenatchee National Forest, Cle Elum Ranger District. Cle Elum, WA.

______. 1997a. Programmatic Agreement Among the Forest Service Pacific Northwest Region, Advisory Council Historic Preservation, and the Washington State Historic Preservation Officer Regarding Cultural Resource Management on National Forests in the State of Washington.

______. 1997b. Forest Service Manual.

______. 1998. Forest Service Manual Title 2520 - Watershed Protection and Management. R-6 Supplement No. 2500.98-1. August 24.

______. 1998a. I-90 Land Exchange. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service/Plum Creek Timber Company, L.P. Draft Environmental Impact Statement. Wenatchee, Mt. Baker- Snoqualmie, and Gifford Pinchot National Forests.

______. 1999. I-90 Land Exchange. USDA Forest Service/Plum Creek Timber Company, LP.

______. 1999a. Upper Yakima Watershed Environmental Baseline.

The Summit at Snoqualmie Master Development Plan Proposal Final Environmental Impact Statement 5-22 Chapter 5: References

______. 1999b. USFS Regional Foresters Sensitive Species List. Pacific Northwest Region.

______. 2000. White Pass Improvements and Antenna Biological Assessment for Bull Trout (Salvelinus confluentus), Steelhead (Oncorhyncus mykiss), and Westslope Cutthroat (Oncorhyncus clarki lewisi). Wenatchee National Forest, Naches Ranger District.

______. 2000b. National Survey on Recreation and the Environment 1999-2000. Available: www.srs.fs.usda.gov/trends/nsre/nsre2.html. Last Accessed November 4, 2007.

______. 2000c. Letter to Dan Brewster of Ski Lifts, Inc. from John Phipps, Forest Supervisor of the MBSNF. File Code 1950/2720. February 24.

______. 2000d. Decision Notice and Finding of No Significant Impact - Summit West Ski Area Ski Rental and Welcome Center. October 25.

______. 2001. National Visitor Use Monitoring Results – Mt. Baker-Snoqualmie National Forest.

______. 2002. Okanogan-Wenatchee National Forests Weed Management and Prevention Strategy and Best Management Practices.

______. 2003. Botanical Report for the 2003 Proposed White Pass Ski Area Expansion Project. Wenatchee National Forest, Naches Ranger District.

______. 2003a. Okanogan-Wenatchee National Forest Weed Management and Prevention Strategy and Best Management Practices.

______. 2004. Memo 1950 Regional Policy for Invasive Plant Prevention. signed by Jim Golden for Linda Goodman, Regional Forester. October 1.

______. 2004a. USFS Regional Foresters Sensitive Species List. Pacific Northwest Region.

______. 2005. Record of Decision for Preventing and Managing Invasive Plants – Pacific Northwest Region – Invasive Plant Program.

______. 2007a. Strategic Guidance (2008-2009) Proposed Survey and Manage Advice. December 13.

______. 2007b. Instruction Memorandum No. OF-2007-060. Compliance with the Aquatic Conservation Strategy. May 22.

______. 2008. Decision Memorandum - Silver Fir Chairlift Replacement.

The Summit at Snoqualmie Master Development Plan Proposal Final Environmental Impact Statement 5-23 Chapter 5: References

______. 2008a. Regional Forester's Special Status Species List – Pacific Northwest Region - Sensitive Vertebrates. Updated January 1.

United States District Court for the Western District of Washington, Tacoma Division. 1974. United States Of America, Plaintiff, Quinault Tribe Of Indians On Its Own Behalf And On Behalf Of The Queets Band Of Indians, Et Al., Intervenor-Plaintiffs, V. State of Washington, Defendant, Thor C. Tollefson, Director, Washington State Department of Fish and Wildlife.

United States Geological Survey. 1961. 15 Minute Topographic Quadrangle. Snoqualmie Pass, Washington.

Volken, Martin. 2002. Backcountry Skiing Snoqualmie Pass. The Globe Pequot Press. Guilford, CT.

Wallmo. 1978. Changes in Summer Foods of Wolves in Central Ontario.

Washington Department of Fish and Wildlife. 1998. Game Status and Trend Report. Olympia, WA.

______. 1998a. Washington State Salmonid Stock Inventory: Bull Trout/Dolly Varden. Olympia, WA. July.

______. 1999. Bull Trout of the Snohomish River System. Mill Creek, Washington.

______. 1999a. 1998 Game Status and Trend Report. Wildlife Management Program.

______. 2000. Game Management Plan. Wildlife Management Program.

______. 2002. Priority Habitats and Species Database.

______. 2003. Integrated Streambank Protection Guidelines.

Washington Forest Practices Board. 1997. Standard Methodology for Conducting Watershed Analysis. Version 4.0. Washington Department of Natural Resources.

Washington Natural Heritage Program. 2003. Washington Natural Heritage Program Information Desk. Available: http://www1.dnr.wa.gov/nhp/refdesk/plants.html.

Washington Office of Financial Management. 2002. Projections of the Total Resident Population for the Growth Management Act Intermediate Services.

The Washington Sportsman. 1937. Artist's Sketch of Snoqualmie Ski Bowl. 3(10): 6.

Washington State Department of Ecology. 1993. Wetlands Rating System for Western Washington.

The Summit at Snoqualmie Master Development Plan Proposal Final Environmental Impact Statement 5-24 Chapter 5: References

______. 1999. 1997 Air Quality Data Summary.

______. 2000a. 1998 303(d) List.

______. 2003. Stormwater Management Manual for Eastern Washington.

______. 2007. Available: http://www.ecy.wa.gov/programs/wq/swqs/index.html. Last accessed January.

Washington State Department of Natural Resources. 1994. Washington Forest Practices Board Manual: Standard Methodology for Conducting Watershed Analysis. November. Version 2.1. Washington Forest Practices Board. Available: http://www.dnr.wa.gov/ResearchScience/Topics/Watershed Analysis/Pages/fp_watershed_analysis_manual.aspx.

______. 1995. Standard Methodology for Conducting Watershed Analysis, Version 3.0. Washington Forest Practices Board.

______. 2002. Washington Forest Practices Water Typing System.

Washington State Department of Revenue. 2004. Taxable Retail Sales and Unit Count.

Washington State Department of Transportation. 1996 Washington State Highway Accident Report.

______. 1999. Road De-icer/Ice Inhibitor and Sanding Data. Unpublished.

______. 2001. Road De-icer/Ice Inhibitor and Sanding Data. Unpublished.

______. 2003a. 2002 Annual Traffic Report.

______. 2003b. 2002 Peak Hour Report.

______. 2004. I-90 Snoqualmie Pass East Project Terrestrial Species Analysis Supplemental Report. Prepared by P.L. McQuesry and B. Forester, Washington State Department of Transportation, South Central Region. November.

______. 2005. I-90 Snoqualmie Pass East Draft Environmental Impact Statement.

______. 2007a. 2006 Annual Traffic Report.

______. 2007b. 2006 Peak Hour Report. Available: http://www.wsdot.wa.gov/mapsdata/tdo/PDF_ and_ZIP_Files/Peak_Hour_Report_2006.pdf. Last accessed: August 22, 2008.

Washington State Elk Herd Plan. 2002. Yakima Elk Herd (December 2002) and North Rainier Herd (March 2002).

The Summit at Snoqualmie Master Development Plan Proposal Final Environmental Impact Statement 5-25 Chapter 5: References

Washington State Employment Security Department. 2007. 2006 Washington State Labor Market and Economic Report. Labor Market and Economic Analysis Branch

Washington State Employment Security Department. 2002. 2002 Washington State Labor Market and Economic Report.

Waterman, T.T. 1920. Puget Sound Geography. Suzzallo Library, University of Washington. Seattle, WA.

Watkins, Jen. 2007. Personal Communication. Conservation Northwest.

Watson, R. T. and the Core Writing Team. 2001. Climate Change 2001: Synthesis Report. Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. Available: http://www.ipcc.ch/ipccreports/tar/vol4/english/index.htm. Last Accessed August 21, 2008.

West Coast Lumberman. 1944. North Bend Timber - 40 Years of Progress. 71(6): 68-110.

Western Regional Climate Center. 2003. Available: http://www.wrcc.dri.edu/. Last accessed August 4.

White, K.E. 2003. Snowfall Data for Snoqualmie Pass. Unpublished.

Wilderness Awareness School. 2007. Cascade Wildlife Monitoring Project: Winter 2006-2007 Field Season Report.

Williams, R.W., R.M Laramie, and J.J. Ames. 1975. A Catalog of Washington Streams and Salmon Utilization. Volume I. Puget Sound Region. Washington Department of Fisheries. Olympia, WA.

Winkler, H., D. Christie, D. Nurney. 1995. Woodpeckers: A guide to the Woodpeckers, Piculets and Wrynecks of the World.

Wolman, M.G. 1954. A Method of Sampling Coarse River-Bed Material. Transactions of American Geophysical Union 35: 951-956.

Wones, A. 2003. Personal Communication. Jones & Stokes Fisheries Biologist. Bellevue, WA. November 19.

Wright, K.A., K.H. Sendek, R.M. Rice, and R.B. Thomas. 1990. Logging Effects on Streamflow: Storm Runoff at Casper Creek in Northwestern California. Water Resources Research. Vol. 26, No. 7. www.skimountaineer.com. 2007. Skiing the Cascade Mountains - Snowfall and Snowdepth. Available: www.skimountaineer.com. Last accessed November 15, 2007.

The Summit at Snoqualmie Master Development Plan Proposal Final Environmental Impact Statement 5-26