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Proyecto Fin De Grado ÔÔÔÔÔÔÔÔÔÔ ÔÔÔÔÔ ÔÔÔÔ ÔÔ ÔÔÔÔÔ ÔÔÔÔÔÔÔ ÔÔÔÔÔÔ ÔÔ ÔÔÔÔÔÔÍ ÍÔÔÔÔÍ ÔÔÆÔÔ ÔÔ ÔÔÔÔÔ ÍÔÔÔÔÔÔÆ ÔÔÔÔÔÔ Ô¿¿¿¿ ¿¿ Ô¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿ Ô¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿¿ VºBº ÔÔÔÔÔ ÔÔÔÔÔ ÔÆÔÔÆ ÔÔÆÔÔ ÔÔ ÔÔÔÔÔ ÍÔÔÔÔÔÔÆ ÔÔÔÔÔÔÔ ÆÔÔÔÔÍ ÔÔÔÔÔÔ ìì »¿»¿¿¿¿»¿¿ ìííí Tecnología Cloud para el Hogar Digital RESUMEN El mundo tecnológico está cambiando hacia la optimización en la gestión de recursos gracias a la poderosa influencia de tecnologías como la virtualización y la computación en la nube (Cloud Computing). En esta memoria se realiza un acercamiento a las mismas, desde las causas que las motivaron hasta sus últimas tendencias, pasando por la identificación de sus principales características, ventajas e inconvenientes. Por otro lado, el Hogar Digital es ya una realidad para la mayoría de los seres humanos. En él se dispone de acceso a múltiples tipos de redes de telecomunicaciones (3G, 4G, WI-FI, ADSL…) con más o menos capacidad pero que permiten conexiones a internet desde cualquier parte, en todo momento, y con prácticamente cualquier dispositivo (ordenadores personales, smartphones, tabletas, televisores…). Esto es aprovechado por las empresas para ofrecer todo tipo de servicios. Algunos de estos servicios están basados en el cloud computing sobre todo ofreciendo almacenamiento en la nube a aquellos dispositivos con capacidad reducida, como son los smarthphones y las tabletas. Ese espacio de almacenamiento normalmente está en los servidores bajo el control de grandes compañías. Guardar documentos, videos, fotos privadas sin tener la certeza de que estos no son consultados por alguien sin consentimiento, puede despertar en el usuario cierto recelo. Para estos usuarios que desean control sobre su intimidad, se ofrece la posibilidad de que sea el propio usuario el que monte sus propios servidores y su propio servicio cloud para compartir su información privada sólo con sus familiares y amigos o con cualquiera al que le dé permiso. Durante el proyecto se han comparado diversas soluciones, la mayoría de código abierto y de libre distribución, que permiten desplegar como mínimo un servicio de almacenamiento accesible a través de Internet. Algunas de ellas lo complementan con servicios de streaming tanto de música como de videos, compartición y sincronización de documentos entre múltiples dispositivos, calendarios, copias de respaldo (backups), virtualización de escritorios, versionado de ficheros, chats, etc. El proyecto finaliza con una demostración de cómo utilizar dispositivos de un hogar digital interactuando con un servidor Cloud, en el que previamente se ha instalado y configurado una de las soluciones comparadas. Este servidor quedará empaquetado en una máquina virtual para que sea fácilmente transportable e utilizable. Tecnología Cloud para el Hogar Digital ABSTRACT The technological world is changing towards optimizing resource management thanks to the powerful influence of technologies such as Virtualization and Cloud Computing. This document presents a closer approach to them, from the causes that have motivated to their last trends, as well as showing their main features, advantages and disadvantages. In addition, the Digital Home is a reality for most humans. It provides access to multiple types of telecommunication networks (3G, 4G, WI-FI, ADSL...) with more or less capacity, allowing Internet connections from anywhere, at any time, and with virtually any device (computer personal smartphones, tablets, televisions...).This is used by companies to provide all kinds of services. Some of these services offer storage on the cloud to devices with limited capacity, such as smartphones and tablets. That is normally storage space on servers under the control of important companies. Saving private documents, videos, photos, without being sure that they are not viewed by anyone without consent, can wake up suspicions in some users. For those users who want control over their privacy, it offers the possibility that it is the user himself to mount his own server and its own cloud service to share private information only with family and friends or with anyone with consent. During the project I have compared different solutions, most open source and with GNU licenses, for deploying one storage facility accessible via the Internet. Some supplement include streaming services of music , videos or photos, sharing and syncing documents across multiple devices, calendars, backups, desktop virtualization, file versioning, chats... The project ends with a demonstration of how to use our digital home devices interacting with a cloud server where one of the solutions compared is installed and configured. This server will be packaged in a virtual machine to be easily transportable and usable. Tecnología Cloud para el Hogar Digital TABLA DE CONTENIDO TABLA DE CONTENIDO .......................................................................................................... I INDICE DE FIGURAS ............................................................................................................ III INDICE DE TABLAS ............................................................................................................. VI GLOSARIO DE TÉRMINOS ...................................................................................................VII LISTADO DE ACRÓNIMOS .................................................................................................... XI 1 INTRODUCCIÓN Y OBJETIVOS ........................................................................................ 1 1.1 Introducción ............................................................................................................................... 1 1.2 Objetivos ...................................................................................................................................... 2 1.3 Estructura de la memoria ...................................................................................................... 2 2 VIRTUALIZACION. ESTADO DEL ARTE ............................................................................. 3 2.1 Definición de Virtualización ................................................................................................. 3 2.2 Conceptos básicos: Hipervisor y Máquina Virtual ........................................................ 4 2.3 Tipos de Virtualización .......................................................................................................... 5 2.3.1 Virtualización asistida por HW ................................................................................................. 5 2.3.2 Virtualización de Almacenamiento ......................................................................................... 6 2.3.3 Virtualización con hipervisor de almacenamiento ........................................................... 6 2.3.4 Virtualización de aplicaciones ................................................................................................... 6 2.3.5 Virtualización de escritorios ...................................................................................................... 7 2.3.6 Virtualización de infraestructura ............................................................................................. 7 2.3.7 Virtualización de plataforma ..................................................................................................... 8 2.4 Causas y razones que motivan la virtualización ........................................................... 9 2.5 Ventajas .................................................................................................................................... 11 -i- 2.6 Desventajas .............................................................................................................................. 13 2.7 VMware como software de virtualización .................................................................... 14 2.7.1 vSphere ............................................................................................................................................ 15 2.7.2 Workstation ................................................................................................................................... 15 2.7.3 Server ............................................................................................................................................... 16 2.7.4 Player ................................................................................................................................................ 16 2.7.5 Servidores ESXi ............................................................................................................................. 16 2.7.6 vCenter Converter ....................................................................................................................... 16 3 CLOUD COMPUTING. ESTADO DEL ARTE ...................................................................... 17 3.1 Contexto histórico ................................................................................................................. 17 3.2 Origen del Cloud Computing .............................................................................................. 18 3.3 Definición del Cloud Computing ....................................................................................... 18 3.4 Características ........................................................................................................................ 19 3.5 Ventajas e Inconvenientes .................................................................................................
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