DOCSLIB.ORG

Effects of Monolayers on Insects, Fish and Wildlife

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Effects of Monolayers on Insects, Fish and Wildlife e n RESEARCH REPORT NO. 7 AWater Resources Technical Publication o Effects of monolayers on insects, fish and wildlife prepared by William J. Wiltzius, 'Colorado State University, for the Bureau ofReclamation UNIT~D STATI!S DEPARTMENT OF THE INTeRIOR STI!!WART L. UDALL, Secrotary Bureau of Reclamation FIQyd E. Domi"y, CommlUloner In its assigned function as the Nation's principal natural resource agency, the Department of the Interior bears a special obligation to am.tre that our expendable resQurces are conserved, that renewable resQurces are managed t() produce optimum yields, and that all resources contribute their full measure to the progress, prosperity, and security of America, now and in the future. First Printing: 1967 V$. GOV~RNM~NT PRINTINO OFFICE WAS,HINGTON: 1961 For salf3 hy the 8uperintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing affice, Wash­ ington, D.C. 20402, or the Chief Engineer, Bureau of Reclamation, Attention 841, Denver Ff3deral Center, Denver, Colo. 80255. Price 50 cents. PREFACE This report, the seventh in the Bureau of Reclama­ local agencies, and with educational institutions under tion's Water Resources Technical Group, evaluates research contracts. the influence on insects, fish and wildlife of long-chain This report was prepared under research contract alcohol monomolecular films, commonly called mono­ No. 14-06-D-3777 with Colorado State University layers, being used in the Bureau's long-range research by William J. Wiltzius, now with the Colorado Depart­ program to reduce evaporation losses in reservoirs. ment of Game, Fish, and Parks. The work was di­ The report concludes that the monolayer-forming rected by Dr. Howard A. Tanner, who was Fish materials investigated are not a limiting factor to the Research Chief, Colorado Game, Fish, and Parks biota in or associated with most of the reservoirs now Department at the time. proposed for treatment, considering the present mono­ Limited dissemination was made of the original re­ layer materials in use, application rates, and the dura­ port, revised March 29, 1965, but since the research tion of the film coverage maintained under present work is of broad interest to ecologists, biochemists, en­ field conditions. gineers, and others directly concerned with the use of . The importance of reducing evaporation losses in monolayers in reducing evaporation, it has been re­ reservoirs is emphasized by the 1958 report of the printed as a Water Resources Technical Publication. Senate Committee on Interior and Insular Affairs on Other Bureau or Bureau-sponsored reports con­ "Control of Evaporation Losses," which states that taining information on various phases of evaporation the annual loss by evaporation in the United States reduction research are listed immediately following exceeds the amount taken for use in cities and towns. this preface. In. the 17 Western States, the losses from large lakes Future research is needed to develop or discover and reservoirs amount to over. 14 million acre-feet films which will resist losses by the various forms of annually. attrition, to develop practical and less costly methods Evaporation reduction through the use of mono­ of evaluating the effectiveness of the reservoir surface layers was first considered by the Bureau of Reclama­ treatment in reducing evaporation losses, to improve tion in 1952, and a long-range program of laboratory the techniques of film application and replenishment, and field investigations was initiated in 1954. and to develop methods of reducing evaporation losses The field and laboratory research performed by by means other than monolayers. the Bureau has centered on the selection of the most Included in this publication is an informative ab­ effective monolayer-forming materials, techniques of stract and list of descriptors, or keywords, and "iden­ applying and maintaining the monolayers, develop­ tifiers." The abstract was prepared as part of the ment of methods of measuring the reduction in evapo­ Bureau of Reclamation's program of indexing and re­ ration loss to determine the economics of tpe system, trieving the literature of water resources development. and the investigation of the biological effects of the The descriptors were selected from the Thesaurus of films. Much of the Bureau's research has been per­ Descriptors, which is the Bureau's standard for list­ formed in collaboration with other Federal, State, and ings of keywords. iii List of Reports on Reservoir Evaporation Reduction by Bureau of Reclamation and Cooperatlna Groups and Individuals Evaporation Reduction Investigations Relating to Chemical Engineering Laboratory Report No. SI-32, Small Reservoirs in Arid Regions, by C. Brent Cluff 1960 Evaporation Reduction Studies at Sahuaro and Sol D. Resnick, Agricultural Experiment Sta­ Lake, Arizona, and 1959 Monolayer Behavior tion, University of Arizona, Tucson, Ariz., October Studies at Lake Mead, Arizona-Nevada and 1964. Sahuaro Lake, Arizona, Bureau of Reclamation, Aug. 15, 1961. Wind Effects on Chemicals for Reducing Evaporation from Small Reservoirs, by F. R. Crow, Oklahoma Chemical Engineering Laboratory Report No. SI-33, State University, Stillwater, Okla., May 1964. Water Loss Investigations Lake Cachuma-1961, Evaporation Reduction Investigations, Bureau of Aerial Application of Evaporation-Reducing Chemi­ Reclamation, Jan. 1, 1962. cals, Development andEvaluation ofEquipment and Techniques, by C. Earl Israelsen and Vaughn E. Equipment and Techniques for Aerial Application of Evaporation-Reducing Monolayer-Forming Mate­ Hansen, Utah State University, Logan, Utah, July rials to Lakes and Reservoirs, Utah State University, 1963. Logan, Utah, December 1964. Evaporation Reduction Investigation, Pactola Reser­ Effect of Bacterial Decomposition of Long-Chained voir, South Dakota, by Agronomy Department, Alkanols and Related Compounds in Monolayer Agricultural Experiment Station, South Dakota Films on the Evaporation Losses of Water and State University, Brookings, S. Dak., August 1964. Means To Combat this Effect, by Drs. Shih Chang and Mark A. McClanahan, Robert A. Taft Sanitary Selection of Material for Use in Water Evaporation Engineering Center, U.S. Public Health Service, Reduction by M onolayers, by Ralph J. Bunker, Bu­ Cincinnati, Ohio, July 1964. reau of Reclamation, Denver, Colo., May 13-17, 1963. Evaporation Reduction Investigation, Elephant Butte Reservoir, New Mexico, 1963-1965, Technical Re­ Evaporation and Its Reduction, by W. U. Garstka, port No. 25, by Narendra N. Gunaji, Bruce A. Bureau of Reclamation, Denver, Colo., July 24, Tschantz, William W. G. Yeh, Cesar Morales, Engi­ 1962. neering Experiment Station, New Mexico State University, University Park, N. Mex., November Water-Loss Investigations; Lake Hefner 1958 Evapora­ 1965. tion Reduction Investigations by City of Oklahoma Evaporation Investigation at Elephant Butte Reservoir City, Oklahoma State Department of Health, U.S. Using Energy-Budget and Mass-Transfer Tech­ Department of Health, Education, and Welfare, niques, Thesis for D. Sc., C. E. by Bruce Allen U.S. Department of Commerce, and U.S. Depart­ Tschantz, New Mexico State University, University ment of the Interior, June 1959. Park, N. Mex., January 1965. Water Conservation Laboratory Report No. WC-l, The Relative Reflectance of a Monolayer-Covered Aerial Application Technique Development and Water Surface, Thesis for Ph. D. by James Taylor Monolayer Behavior Study, Elephant Butte Reser­ Beard, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, Okla., voir-196.2, Bureau of Reclamation, Mar. 27, 1963. August 1965. iv Colorado State University Report, ."Evaluation of the Influences of Long-Chain Alcohol Monomolecular Films on Insects,. Fish, and Wildlife" AUTHOR'S ACKNOWLEDGMENTS The author wishes to convey appreciation and rec­ Dr. Elmer E. Remmenga, Professor of Mathematics ognition to the following organizations and persons and Statistics, Colorado State University, for his pro­ for thtlir part in the completion of this study: fessional advice in the statistical analyses of the data. The Bureau of Reclamation, which supplied the Special thanks are due James Kollath and Kenneth monolayer-forming materials, literature, and financial Thompson for their part in the construction of the support for conduct of this study as part of the re­ field pens in College Lake and in the collection of field search program of the Colorado Cooperative Fishery data pertinent to this study. Research Unit under auspices of the Colorado State Paul Byron, Farm Manager at Colorado State Uni­ University Research Foundation. Again, to the Bu­ versity, and the Northern Colorado Water Conserv­ reau of Reclamation, which exhibited considerable ancy District for cooperation in minimizing water level patience in awaiting the final report of this study after fluctuations of College Lake during the study. the termination of the contract completion date. The Colorado Game, Fish, and Parks Department Dr. Howard A. Tanner, who supervised this study for the use of facilities and equipment at their Re­ and rendered guidance and encouragement. search Center in Fort Collins, Colo. Dr. Adel S. Kamal, Associate Professor of Entomol­ Special appreciation to secretaries Chonita Lowry ogy; Dr. George H. Splittgerber, Associate Professor and Carol Seligmann of the Colorado Game, Fish, and of Chemistry; and William W. Allison, Department of Parks Department Research Center, and to my wife Chemistry; all of Colorado State University, for their Nancy, who all rendered assistance by either drafting suggestions,
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Fifty Non-Flowering Pitcher Plants with Rosette Diameters > 8 Cm Were
    Gotelli & Ellison Food-web models predict abundance PROTOCOL S1 EXPERIMENTAL MANIPULATIONS The study was conducted at Moose Bog, an 86-ha peatland in northeastern Vermont, USA [1]. Fifty non-flowering pitcher plants with rosette diameters > 8 cm were haphazardly chosen at the start of the study (15 May 2000). All plants were located in the center of the Sphagnum mat, in full sun, at least 0.75 m from the nearest neighbor. Plants were assigned randomly to one of 5 experimental treatments: 1) Control. Diptera larvae and pitcher liquid were removed and censused, and then returned to leaf. 2) Trophic removal. All diptera larvae and pitcher liquid were removed and censused, and the leaf was refilled with an equal volume of distilled water. 3) Habitat expansion. All diptera larvae and pitcher liquid were removed and censused, and then returned to the leaf. The leaf was then topped up with to the brim with additional distilled water as needed. 4) Habitat expansion & trophic removal. All diptera larvae and pitcher liquid were removed and censused. The leaf was then filled to the brim with distilled water. 5) Habitat contraction & trophic removal. All diptera larvae and pitcher liquid were removed and censused. These treatments mimicked changes in habitat volume (treatments 3, 4, and 5) and removal of top trophic levels from the food web (treatments 2, 4, and 5). Changes in habitat volume also affect the food chain base, because average Sarracenia prey capture was highest in treatments 3 and 4 (habitat expansion) and lowest in treatment 5 (habitat
    [Show full text]
  • Abstract Introduction
    Abstract Though it has been well­documented that northern pitcher plant (Sarracenia purpurea) individuals vary in physical, chemical, and environmental characteristics and inquiline community composition, little research has focused on variation among plants growing in different bogs in the same region. A survey of 100 pitcher plants from 5 different bogs was performed on the Upper Peninsula of Michigan to investigate bog­ based variance. The variables surveyed include soil pH, pitcher fluid pH, leaf depth, leaf circumference, potential pitcher volume, actual pitcher volume, larval midge density, larval mosquito density, protozoa diversity, rotifer density, and prey density. Significant variance was found in protozoa diversity and prey density but no correlations between the two variables were evident. This suggests that inquiline community composition may be affected by the specific bog environment but further investigation and variable manipulation is necessary. Introduction The nutrient poor conditions of a bog create a distinct niche for a number of plant species that have adapted to this environment. One major growth­limiting factor is a lack of readily available minerals and nutrients in the soil or sphagnum. The slow rate of decomposition of organic matter limits the supply of necessary minerals, including calcium and magnesium. Bog plants compensate for this poor soil quality by absorbing cations such as Ca + and Mg 2+ from rain water. The plants then release H+ into the water, creating an acidic environment which ranges from 3.2 to 4.2. This high hydronium ion content further retards the decomposition process and thus reduces the nutrients available 1 to plants. Some plants have altered their nutritional strategy such that invertebrates, rather than rain water, serve as a major source of minerals and nutrients (Crowl 2003).
    [Show full text]
  • A Five-Year Research Program Is Proposed to Expand the Theory of Community Assembly from Its Current Base of Correlative Inferen
    PROJECT SUMMARY A five-year research program is proposed to expand the theory of community assembly from its current base of correlative inferences to one grounded in process-based conclusions derived from controlled field and laboratory experiments. Northern pitcher plants, Sarracenia purpurea, and their community of inquiline arthropods and rotifers, will be used as the model system for the proposed experiments. There are three goals to the proposed research. (1) Inquiline assemblages that colonize pitcher plants will be developed as a model system for understanding community assembly and persistence. (2) Field and laboratory experiments will be used to elucidate causes of inquiline community colonization, assembly, and persistence, and the consequences of inquiline community dynamics for plant leaf allocation patterns, growth, and reproduction, as well as within-plant nutrient cycling. Reciprocal interactions of plant dynamics on inquiline community structure will also be investigated experimentally. (3) Matrix models will be developed to describe reciprocal interactions between inquiline community assembly and persistence, and inquilines’ living host habitats. As an integrated whole, the proposed experiments and models will provide a complete picture of linkages between pitcher-plant inquiline communities and their host plants, at individual leaf and whole-plant scales. This focus on measures of plant performance will fill an apparent lacuna in prior studies of pitcher plant microecosystems, which, with few exceptions, have focused almost exclusively on inquiline population dynamics and interspecific interactions. Plant demography of S. purpurea will be described and modeled for the first time. Complementary, multi-year field and greenhouse experiments will reveal effects of soil and pitcher nutrient composition on leaf allocation, plant growth, and reproduction.
    [Show full text]
  • Habitat Structure Influences Genetic Differentiation in the Pitcher Plant Midge
    Molecular Ecology (2012) 21, 223–236 doi: 10.1111/j.1365-294X.2011.05280.x From broadscale patterns to fine-scale processes: habitat structure influences genetic differentiation in the pitcher plant midge across multiple spatial scales GORDANA RASIC and NUSHA KEYGHOBADI Department of Biology, Biological & Geological Sciences Building, University of Western Ontario, 1151 Richmond Street, London, Ontario, Canada N6A 5B7 Abstract The spatial scale at which samples are collected and analysed influences the inferences that can be drawn from landscape genetic studies. We examined genetic structure and its landscape correlates in the pitcher plant midge, Metriocnemus knabi, an inhabitant of the purple pitcher plant, Sarracenia purpurea, across several spatial scales that are naturally delimited by the midge’s habitat (leaf, plant, cluster of plants, bog and system of bogs). We analysed 11 microsatellite loci in 710 M. knabi larvae from two systems of bogs in Algonquin Provincial Park (Canada) and tested the hypotheses that variables related to habitat structure are associated with genetic differentiation in this midge. Up to 54% of variation in individual-based genetic distances at several scales was explained by broadscale landscape variables of bog size, pitcher plant density within bogs and connectivity of pitcher plant clusters. Our results indicate that oviposition behaviour of females at fine scales, as inferred from the spatial locations of full-sib larvae, and spatially limited gene flow at broad scales represent the important processes underlying observed genetic patterns in M. knabi. Broadscale landscape features (bog size and plant density) appear to influence oviposition behaviour of midges, which in turn influences the patterns of genetic differentiation observed at both fine and broad scales.
    [Show full text]
  • O by MARGARET ANNABELLE IKRAWCHUK, 2000
    MOVEMENT AND DISTRIBUTION OF THREE SPECIES OF INQUILINE INSECTS IN BOREAL BOGLANDS: PROCESS AND PATTERN AT MULTIPLE SPATIAL SCALES by MAFLGARET ANNABELLE KIWWCHUK- B, Sc. (Hon) University of Guelph, 1995 Thesis submitted in partial füinllrnent of the requirements for the Degree of Master of Science (Biology) Acadia University Sp~gConvocation 200 1 O by MARGARET ANNABELLE IKRAWCHUK, 2000 National Library Bibliothèque nationale I*l of Canada du Canada Acquisitions and Acquisitions et Bibliographie Services services bibliographiques 395 Wellington Street 395. rue Wellington Ottawa ON K1A ON4 Ottawa ON KIA ON4 Canada Canada The author has granted a non- L'auteur a accordé une licence non exclusive licence allowing the exclusive permettant à la National Library of Canada to Bibliothèque nationale du Canada de reproduce, loan, distribute or seU reproduire, prêter, distribuer ou copies of this thesis in microform, vendre des copies de cette thèse sous paper or electronic formats. la forme de microfiche/nlm, de reproduction sur papier ou sur format électronique. The author retains ownership of the L'auteur conserve la propriété du copyright in this thesis. Neither the droit d'auteur qui protège cette thèse. thesis nor substantial extracts fiom it Ni la thèse ni des extraits substantiels may be printed or otherwise de celle-ci ne doivent être imprimés reproduced without the author' s ou autrement reproduits sans son permission. autorisation. TabIe of Contents List of Tables ........................... ........................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Proteomic Characterization of the Major Arthropod Associates of the Carnivorous Pitcher Plant Sarracenia Purpurea
    2354 DOI 10.1002/pmic.201000256 Proteomics 2011, 11, 2354–2358 DATASET BRIEF Proteomic characterization of the major arthropod associates of the carnivorous pitcher plant Sarracenia purpurea Nicholas J. Gotelli1, Aidan M. Smith1, Aaron M. Ellison2 and Bryan A. Ballif1,3 1 Department of Biology, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, USA 2 Harvard Forest, Harvard University, Petersham, MA, USA 3 Vermont Genetics Network Proteomics Facility, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, USA The array of biomolecules generated by a functioning ecosystem represents both a potential Received: April 19, 2010 resource for sustainable harvest and a potential indicator of ecosystem health and function. Revised: January 10, 2011 The cupped leaves of the carnivorous pitcher plant, Sarracenia purpurea, harbor a dynamic Accepted: February 28, 2011 food web of aquatic invertebrates in a fully functional miniature ecosystem. The energetic base of this food web consists of insect prey, which is shredded by aquatic invertebrates and decomposed by microbes. Biomolecules and metabolites produced by this food web are actively exchanged with the photosynthesizing plant. In this report, we provide the first proteomic characterization of the sacrophagid fly (Fletcherimyia fletcheri), the pitcher plant mosquito (Wyeomyia smithii), and the pitcher-plant midge (Metriocnemus knabi). These three arthropods act as predators, filter feeders, and shredders at distinct trophic levels within the S. purpurea food web. More than 50 proteins from each species were identified, ten of which were predominantly or uniquely found in one species. Furthermore, 19 peptides unique to one of the three species were identified using an assembled database of 100 metazoan myosin heavy chain orthologs.
    [Show full text]
  • The Influence of Habitat Composition and Configuration on the Genetic Structure of the Pitcher Plant Midge
    Western University Scholarship@Western Electronic Thesis and Dissertation Repository 11-22-2012 12:00 AM The influence of habitat composition and configuration on the genetic structure of the pitcher plant midge Katie Millette The University of Western Ontario Supervisor Dr. Nusha Keyghobadi The University of Western Ontario Graduate Program in Biology A thesis submitted in partial fulfillment of the equirr ements for the degree in Master of Science © Katie Millette 2012 Follow this and additional works at: https://ir.lib.uwo.ca/etd Part of the Biology Commons Recommended Citation Millette, Katie, "The influence of habitat composition and configuration on the genetic structure of the pitcher plant midge" (2012). Electronic Thesis and Dissertation Repository. 949. https://ir.lib.uwo.ca/etd/949 This Dissertation/Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by Scholarship@Western. It has been accepted for inclusion in Electronic Thesis and Dissertation Repository by an authorized administrator of Scholarship@Western. For more information, please contact [email protected]. THE INFLUENCE OF HABITAT COMPOSITION AND CONFIGURATION ON THE GENETIC STRUCTURE OF THE PITCHER PLANT MIDGE (Spine title: Habitat structure and patterns of genetic differentiation) (Thesis format: Monograph) by Katie Millette Graduate Program in Biology A thesis submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science The School of Graduate and Postdoctoral Studies The University of Western Ontario London, Ontario, Canada © Katie Millette 2012 THE UNIVERSITY OF WESTERN ONTARIO School of Graduate and Postdoctoral Studies CERTIFICATE OF EXAMINATION Supervisor Examiners ______________________________ ______________________________ Dr. Nusha Keyghobadi Dr. Beth MacDougall-Shackleton Supervisory Committee ______________________________ Dr.
    [Show full text]
  • Succession and Stratification of Aquatic Insects Inhabiting the Pages of the Insectivorous Pitcher Plant Sarracenia Purpurea
    University of Massachusetts Amherst ScholarWorks@UMass Amherst Masters Theses 1911 - February 2014 1974 Succession and stratification of aquatic insects inhabiting the pages of the insectivorous pitcher plant Sarracenia purpurea. Durland D. Fish University of Massachusetts Amherst Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarworks.umass.edu/theses Fish, Durland D., "Succession and stratification of aquatic insects inhabiting the pages of the insectivorous pitcher plant Sarracenia purpurea." (1974). Masters Theses 1911 - February 2014. 3024. Retrieved from https://scholarworks.umass.edu/theses/3024 This thesis is brought to you for free and open access by ScholarWorks@UMass Amherst. It has been accepted for inclusion in Masters Theses 1911 - February 2014 by an authorized administrator of ScholarWorks@UMass Amherst. For more information, please contact [email protected]. SUCCESSION AND STRATIFICATION OF AQUATIC INSECTS INHABITING THE LEAVES OF THE INSECTIVOROUS PITCHER PLANT Sarracenia purpurea A Thesis Presented By Durland Fish Submitted to the Graduate School of the University of Massachusetts in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of MASTER OF SCIENCE i * September, 1974 Major Subject: Entomology SUCCESSION AND STRATIFICATION OF AQUATIC INSECTS INHABITING THE LEAVES OF THE INSECTIVOROUS PITCHER PLANT Sarracenia purpurea A Thesis By Durland Fish Approved as to style and content by: CO. _ Donald W. Hall, Chairman of Committee and Member David L. Mulcahy, Member September, 1974 n ACKNOWLEDGMENTS I wish to express sincere gratitude to my major advisor, Dr. Donald W. Hall, for his helpful guidance and kind patience both during the study and in the preparation of the manuscript. Thanks are also due to Drs.
    [Show full text]
  • O by MARGARET ANNABELLE IKRAWCHUK, 2000
    MOVEMENT AND DISTRIBUTION OF THREE SPECIES OF INQUILINE INSECTS IN BOREAL BOGLANDS: PROCESS AND PATTERN AT MULTIPLE SPATIAL SCALES by MAFLGARET ANNABELLE KIWWCHUK- B, Sc. (Hon) University of Guelph, 1995 Thesis submitted in partial füinllrnent of the requirements for the Degree of Master of Science (Biology) Acadia University Sp~gConvocation 200 1 O by MARGARET ANNABELLE IKRAWCHUK, 2000 I, Margaret Annabelle Krawchuk, grant permission to the University Librarian at Acadia University to reproduce, loan, or distrubute copies of my thesis in microform, paper or electronic formats on a non-profit basis. I, however, retain the copyright in my thesis. Signature of Author Date TabIe of Contents List of Tables ........................... ......................................................................................... vi .. List of Figures .......................O....................... ..................................................................vil ... Abstract ...................... .................................................................................................... vui Acknowledgements .......................................................................................................... ix General Introduction ............................ ......................................... 1 References ................................................................................................................ 12 Chapter 1. Movement potential of Wyeomyio smitlzii (Diptera: Culicidae): pattern and process......................
    [Show full text]
  • Inquiline Diversity of the Purple Pitcher Plant (Sarracenia Purpurea) As a Function Of
    Inquiline diversity of the purple pitcher plant (Sarracenia purpurea) as a function of pitcher isolation: the role of dispersal in metacommunities BIOS 35502: Practicum in Field Biology Taylor Gulley Advisor: Michael Pfrender 2010 Gulley 2 “To understand the relative impact of any ecological process in structuring communities, it is essential to understand the spatial and temporal scale relevant for the particular question being addressed” (Addicott et al. 1987 as cited by Cáceres and Soluk 2002). Abstract: Increasing empirical evidence suggests that patterns of diversity depend on the spatial scale being observed. For example, local communities linked by dispersal (―metacommunities‖) are not only affected by those processes that operate within the community (such as predation and competition), but also by those that operate on a larger scale (such as migration between communities). The purple pitcher plant Sarracenia purpurea provides an ideal opportunity to explore the dynamics of metacommunities because of the discrete nature of the phytotelmata inhabited by a unique suite of easily manipulated aquatic organisms. Using methods inspired by Simberloff and Wilson’s study on the recolonization of seven islands in Florida Bay (1969- 1970), this study sought to determine the extent to which pitcher plant isolation affects the diversity of the inquiline community that can colonize it. It became clear, however, that such a study is premature; the dispersal mechanisms, rates, and range of distances of which inquilines are capable must be determined first. INTRODUCTION A primary goal of community ecology is to determine the patterns that shape the distribution, abundance, and interaction of species. Traditionally, community theory has focused on the processes that govern diversity on a local scale, assuming local habitats to be closed or isolated (Leibold et al.
    [Show full text]
  • Predicting Food-Web Structure with Metacommunity Models
    University of Vermont ScholarWorks @ UVM College of Arts and Sciences Faculty Publications College of Arts and Sciences 4-1-2013 Predicting food-web structure with metacommunity models Benjamin Baiser Harvard University Hannah L. Buckley Lincoln University, New Zealand Nicholas J. Gotelli University of Vermont Aaron M. Ellison Harvard University Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarworks.uvm.edu/casfac Part of the Climate Commons Recommended Citation Baiser B, Buckley HL, Gotelli NJ, Ellison AM. Predicting food‐web structure with metacommunity models. Oikos. 2013 Apr;122(4):492-506. This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the College of Arts and Sciences at ScholarWorks @ UVM. It has been accepted for inclusion in College of Arts and Sciences Faculty Publications by an authorized administrator of ScholarWorks @ UVM. For more information, please contact [email protected]. i t o r ’ Oikos 122: 492–506, 2013 d s E doi: 10.1111/j.1600-0706.2012.00005.x OIKOS © 2012 The Authors. Oikos © 2012 Nordic Society Oikos Subject Editor: Carlos Melian. Accepted 10 July 2012 C h o i c e Predicting food-web structure with metacommunity models Benjamin Baiser, Hannah L. Buckley, Nicholas J. Gotelli and Aaron M. Ellison B. Baiser ([email protected]) and A. M. Ellison, Harvard Univ., Harvard Forest, 324 N. Main St., Petersham, MA 01366, USA. – H. L. Buckley, Dept of Ecology, PO Box 84, Lincoln Univ., Canterbury, New Zealand. – N. J. Gotelli, Dept of Biology, Univ. of Vermont, Burlington, VT 05405, USA­­. Metacommunity theory aims to elucidate the relative influence of local and regional-scale processes in generating diversity patterns across the landscape.
    [Show full text]
  • Local to Continental-Scale Variation in the Richness and Composition of an Aquatic Food Web
    Local to Continental-Scale Variation in the Richness and Composition of an Aquatic Food Web The Harvard community has made this article openly available. Please share how this access benefits you. Your story matters Citation Buckley, Hannah L., Thomas E. Miller, Aaron M. Ellison, and Nicholas J. Gotelli. Forthcoming. Local to continental-scale variation in the richness and composition of an aquatic food web. Global Ecology and Biogeography 19. Published Version http://www3.interscience.wiley.com/journal/118545893/home Citable link http://nrs.harvard.edu/urn-3:HUL.InstRepos:3627274 Terms of Use This article was downloaded from Harvard University’s DASH repository, and is made available under the terms and conditions applicable to Open Access Policy Articles, as set forth at http:// nrs.harvard.edu/urn-3:HUL.InstRepos:dash.current.terms-of- use#OAP 1 Local to continental-scale variation in the richness and composition of an aquatic food web 2 3 Hannah L. Buckley1*, Thomas E. Miller1, Aaron M. Ellison2, and Nicholas J. Gotelli3 4 5 1Department of Biological Science, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida 32306-4295, USA, 6 2Harvard University, Harvard Forest, 324 North Main Street, Petersham, Massachusetts 01366, USA, 7 3Department of Biology, University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont 05405, USA, *Present address: 8 Department of Ecology, P.O. Box 84, Lincoln University, Canterbury, 7647, New Zealand 9 E-mail: [email protected]. 10 11 Correspondence: Hannah Buckley, Department of Ecology, P.O. Box 84, Lincoln University, 12 Canterbury, 7647, New Zealand. E-mail: [email protected]. 13 Phone: +64-3-321-8433 14 Fax: +64-3-325-3845 15 16 Running title: Pitcher-plant food webs from local to continental scales 17 1 ABSTRACT 2 Aim: We investigated patterns of species richness and composition of the aquatic food web found in the 3 liquid-filled leaves of the North American purple pitcher plant, Sarracenia purpurea (Sarraceniaceae), 4 from local to continental scales.
    [Show full text]