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A Dictionary of Cultural and Critical Theory, Second Edition a dictionary of CULTURAL AND CRITICAL THEORY Second Edition Editors MICHAEL PAYNE JESSICA RAE BARBERA Advisory Board Simon Frith Henry Louis Gates, Jr David Rasmussen Janet Todd A John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., Publication a dictionary of CULTURAL AND CRITICAL THEORY Second Edition a dictionary of CULTURAL AND CRITICAL THEORY Second Edition Editors MICHAEL PAYNE JESSICA RAE BARBERA Advisory Board Simon Frith Henry Louis Gates, Jr David Rasmussen Janet Todd A John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., Publication This second edition first published 2010 © 2010 Blackwell Publishing Ltd, except for editorial material and organization © 2010 Michael Payne and Jessica Rae Barbera; “Ordinary Language Criticism” © 2010 Toril Moi; “Graphic Narrative” © 2010 Hillary Chute (adapted from “Comics as Literature?: Reading Graphic Narrative” © 2008 MLA) Edition history: Blackwell Publishing Ltd (1e, 1996) Blackwell Publishing was acquired by John Wiley & Sons in February 2007. Blackwell’s publishing program has been merged with Wiley’s global Scientific, Technical, and Medical business to form Wiley-Blackwell. Registered Office John Wiley & Sons Ltd, The Atrium, Southern Gate, Chichester, West Sussex, PO19 8SQ, United Kingdom Editorial Offices 350 Main Street, Malden, MA 02148-5020, USA 9600 Garsington Road, Oxford, OX4 2DQ, UK The Atrium, Southern Gate, Chichester, West Sussex, PO19 8SQ, UK For details of our global editorial offices, for customer services, and for information about how to apply for permission to reuse the copyright material in this book please see our website at www.wiley.com/wiley-blackwell. The right of Michael Payne and Jessica Rae Barbera to be identified as the author of the editorial material in this work has been asserted in accordance with the UK Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, except as permitted by the UK Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988, without the prior permission of the publisher. Wiley also publishes its books in a variety of electronic formats. Some content that appears in print may not be available in electronic books. Designations used by companies to distinguish their products are often claimed as trademarks. All brand names and product names used in this book are trade names, service marks, trademarks or registered trademarks of their respective owners. The publisher is not associated with any product or vendor mentioned in this book. This publication is designed to provide accurate and authoritative information in regard to the subject matter covered. It is sold on the understanding that the publisher is not engaged in rendering professional services. If professional advice or other expert assistance is required, the services of a competent professional should be sought. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data A dictionary of cultural and critical theory / edited by Michael Payne and Jessica Rae Barbera. – 2nd ed. p. cm. Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 978-1-4051-6890-8 (hardcover : alk. paper) 1. Culture–Dictionaries. 2. Critical theory–Dictionaries. I. Payne, Michael, 1941– II. Barbera, Jessica Rae. HM621.D53 2010 306.03–dc22 2009047990 A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library. Set in 9.5/11.5pt Minion by Graphicraft Limited, Hong Kong Printed in Singapore 1 2010 Contents List of Contributors vi Preface to the First Edition (1996) x Preface to the Second Edition (2010) xii Acknowledgments xiv Introduction 1 A–Z entries 12 Bibliography 742 Index 808 Contributors Teresa Amott Andrew Bowie Hobart and William Smith College Royal Holloway College R. Lanier Anderson †Malcolm Bowie Stanford University (Christ’s College, Cambridge) Oliver Arnold Mary Ellen Bray Princeton University Rutgers University Robin Attfield Joseph Bristow University of Wales, Cardiff University of California Los Angeles David Ayers Michael Byram University of Kent University of Durham Chris Baldick John Callaghan Goldsmith’s College, London University of Wolverhampton Jessica Rae Barbera Colin Campbell University of Pittsburgh University of York Susan E. Bassnett Douglas Candland University of Warwick Bucknell University Robert Beard Glynis Carr Bucknell University Bucknell University Andrew Belsey Erica Carter University of Wales, Cardiff University of Warwick James R. Bennett Stanley Cavell University of Arkansas Harvard University Ian H. Birchall Howard Caygill Middlesex University Goldsmiths College, London Julian Bourg Lynn Cazabon Bucknell University University of Maryland, Baltimore County vii Contributors Hillary Chute Richard Fleming Harvard University Bucknell University Danielle Clarke Pauline Fletcher University College Dublin Bucknell University Greg Clingham Simon Frith Bucknell University Edinburgh University Bethany J. Collier Jeanne Garane Bucknell University University of South Carolina Steven Connor Susanne Gibson Birkbeck College, London University of Wales, Cardiff David E. Cooper Tara G. Gilligan University of Durham Lafayette College Simon Critchley David Theo Goldberg New School for Social Research and University University of California, Irvine of Tilburg Thomas C. Greaves Shadia B. Drury Bucknell University University of Regina Michael Green Madhu Dubey University of Birmingham Northwestern University Glyne A. Griffith William Duckworth University of Albany – SUNY Bucknell University Peter S. Groff Jonathan Dunsby Bucknell University Eastman School of Music Alan Durant M.A.R. Habib Middlesex University Rutgers University, Camden Gerald Eager Stephen Heath Bucknell University Jesus College, Cambridge Andrew Edgar Glen A. Herdling University of Wales, Cardiff Marvel Comics, New York Gregory Elliott William G. Holzberger Brighton Bucknell University Uzoma Esonwanne Paul Innes St Mary’s University, Halifax University of Glasgow †Emmanuel Chukwudi Eze Shannon Jackson (DePaul University) Harvard University Xing Fan John J. Joyce Bucknell University Nazareth College at Rochester Susan L. Fischer May Joseph Bucknell University New York University Leonore Fleming Evelyne Keitel Duke University Technische Universität, Chemnitz viii Frank Kermode John V. Murphy King’s College, Cambridge Bucknell University Peter Karl Kresl Paul Norcross Bucknell University University of Chichester Contributors Valerie Krips Christopher Norris University of Pittsburgh University of Wales, Cardiff Julia Kristeva G. Dennis O’Brien University of Paris VII Middlebury, VT Sarah N. Lawall Tucker Orbison University of Massachusetts at Amherst Bucknell University Linden Lewis Peter Osborne Bucknell University University of Middlesex Erik R. Lofgren Oyekan Owomoyela Bucknell University University of Nebraska David Macey Kathleen Page Leeds Bucknell University Janet MacGaffey Kate Parker Bucknell University Washington University, St Louis Kirsten Malmkjær Karl Patten Research Centre for English and Applied Bucknell University Linguistics, Cambridge Joseph Margolis Edward Payne Temple University Courtauld Institute of Art Ben Marsh Michael Payne Bucknell University Bucknell University Colin McCabe Jean Peterson University of Pittsburgh Bucknell University Graham McCann Christina Phillips King’s College, Cambridge Harvard University Andrew McNeillie James Phillips Oxford University Press, Oxford Trinity University, San Antonio J.N. Mohanty Meenakshi Ponnuswami Temple University Bucknell University Toril Moi Alice J. Poust Duke University Bucknell University Peter Morris-Keitel Kendal Rautzhan Bucknell University Lewisburg, PA Keith Morrison Laurence J. Ray University of Durham University of Lancaster Laura Mulvey Vasudevi Reddy British Film Institute University of Portsmouth ix Contributors James P. Rice Gary Steiner Bucknell University Bucknell University John S. Rickard Douglas Sturm Bucknell University Bucknell University K.K. Ruthven Radhika Subramaniam University of Melbourne New York University Aparajita Sagar †Tony Tanner Purdue University (King’s College, Cambridge) Raphael Salkie Helen Taylor University of Brighton University of Warwick Matthias Schubnell Demetrius Teigas The College of the Incarnate Word, San Antonio Deree College, Athens Harold Schweizer Janet Todd Bucknell University Lucy Cavendish College, Cambridge Peter R. Sedgwick J.B. Trapp University of Wales, Cardiff Warburg Institute John Shand Jeffrey S. Turner University of Manchester Bucknell University Andrew Shanks Kenneth J. Urban University of Lancaster Bucknell University Shu-mei Shih Immanuel Wallerstein University of California at Los Angeles Fernand Braudel Center, Binghamton University Richard Shusterman †Peter Widdowson Florida Atlantic University (University of Gloucestershire) Alfred K. Siewers Bucknell University Harry Wilkins University of Wales, Cardiff Susan R. Skand Rutgers University Iain Wright Australian National University Barry Smart University of Auckland Slava I. Yastremski Bucknell University Shiva Kumar Srinivasan University of Wales, Cardiff Virginia Zimmerman Bucknell University Fred L. Standley Florida State University †deceased Preface to the First Edition (1996) This dictionary provides a full and accessible reference guide to modern ideas in the broad interdis- ciplinary fields of cultural and critical theory, which have developed from interactions among modern linguistic, literary, anthropological, philosophical, political, and historical traditions of thought. The interdisciplinary focus
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