MAKING IT in AMERICA Introduction
Total Page:16
File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb
Load more
Recommended publications
-
What Really Is the American Dream? Author: Alexander Bruno
What Really is the American Dream? Author: Alexander Bruno Abstract This paper takes a closer look at the Constitution of the United States of America (USA) and its role in shaping the American aspiration which is generally referred to as the ‘American Dream.’ The American Dream, therefore, can be seen as the original plot which is played out by Americans in their determination to thrive. Essentially, this paper reviews key contributions by noted scholars with reference to the American Dream. For the purposes of this research, two definitions of the American Dream are proposed; both of which are traced back to the pre-colonial American spirit. The working definitions are: 1. The American Dream is ‘an indigenous belief in the unbridled freedom and unique heritage of a people’ and 2. The American is ‘the belief in self-actualization of the good fortunes, guaranteed by American liberties, opportunities and freedom.’ Those definitions are examined in line with the scholarly works which were reviewed for this research. Above all, this paper can be seen as a continuation of the discussion on the American Dream. Introduction In search of the unchanging quality in the phenomenon called the American Dream… The way of life refers to the way things are. To have aspirations of grandeur, especially for unknown ideas is to dream. This is what guides the notion of the American Dream, but the question still remains: what really is the American Dream? This research article attempts to answer the question by analyzing the opinions of scholars on the same topic, and harmonizing those discussions into a synthesis that would best describe the American Dream. -
The American Dream
INTRODUCTION The Making and Persistence of the American Dream John Kenneth White Sandra L. Hanson HE AMERICAN DREAM remains a vibrant concept that Amer- icans comprehend and defi ne in various ways as relevant to their T own life experiences. Th e endurance of this “great epic,” as it was once so famously described (Adams 1941, 405), is remarkable, espe- cially given the depressions, recessions, economic contractions, and battles over civil rights, women’s rights, and gender equality that the United States has witnessed over the years. Th ese economic struggles have been hard and are presently ongoing, starting with the severe eco- nomic downturn that began in December 2007 and resulted in govern- ment bailouts of the U.S. banking and automotive industries and the election of Barack Obama to the presidency, all before the end of a sin- gle calendar year. But other struggles, too, have caused citizens to rede- fi ne the American Dream. For much of our history, African Americans and women were excluded from its promise. It would be left to Martin Luther King and feminist leaders to enlarge the American Dream to include themselves and to encourage their constituencies to have a stake in its success. In 2008, Americans voted in their fi rst African American president. Th is dramatic moment in American history combined with one of the most severe economic downturns since the Great Depression provide the backdrop for this volume on the American Dream. The American Dream throughout History Th e resiliency of the American Dream can be traced to the Declaration of Independence in 1776 and its promise that citizens of the new nation 2 ■ John Kenneth White and Sandra L. -
A Brief History of the American Dream the Jeffersonian Dream: a Nation of Independent Producers
A Brief History of the American Dream The Jeffersonian Dream: A Nation of Independent Producers Edward Hicks, The Cornell Farm, 1848 From Notes on the State of Virginia, 1787, p. 175 Those who labour in the earth are the chosen people of God, if ever he had a chosen people, whose breasts he has made his peculiar deposit for substantial and genuine virtue. It is the focus in which he keeps alive that sacred fire, which otherwise might escape from the face of the earth. Corruption of morals in the mass of cultivators is a phænomenon of which no age nor nation has furnished an example. It is the mark set on those, who not looking up to heaven, to their own soil and industry, as does the husbandman, for their subsistance, depend for it on the casualties and caprice of customers. Dependance begets subservience and venality, suffocates the germ of virtue, and prepares fit tools for the designs of ambition. This, the natural progress and consequence of the arts, has sometimes perhaps been retarded by accidental circumstances: but, generally speaking, the proportion which the aggregate of the other classes of citizens bears in any state to that of its husbandmen, is the proportion of its unfound to its healthy parts, and is a good-enough barometer whereby to measure its degree of corruption. While we have land to labour then, let us never wish to see our citizens occupied at a work-bench, or twirling a distaff. Carpenters, masons, smiths, are wanting in husbandry: but, for the general operations of manufacture, let our work-shops remain in Europe. -
How the American Dream Has Changed Over Time Gale Student Resources in Context, 2016
How the American Dream Has Changed Over Time Gale Student Resources in Context, 2016 The beginnings of the idea of the American Dream can be traced to the Founding Fathers, who declared their independence from England because of their belief in unalienable rights. Those men believed people inherently possessed the rights to life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness. They created a country where people could break free from class restrictions and pursue the life they chose despite the circumstances of their birth. In time, writers dubbed this idea the American Dream, but people’s definition of the American Dream has changed greatly over time. Origins The term American Dream is often traced back to James Truslow Adams, a historian and author. In 1931, as Americans suffered through the Great Depression, Adams wrote a book called The Epic of America in which he spoke of “a land in which life should be better and richer and fuller for everyone, with opportunity for each according to ability or achievement … regardless of fortuitous circumstances of birth or position.” In the beginning, the American Dream simply promised a country in which people had the chance to work their way up through their own labor and ingenuity. Immigrants fled the entrenched class restrictions of their homelands for the United States in the hope of obtaining land and gaining religious and other freedoms. Revolutionaries fled England in search of freedom. This promise of a better life attracted people from all over the world to the United States. They came to America ready to work hard. -
Family Stability and the American Dream
Statement before the Joint Economic Committee On “Improving Family Stability for the Well-Being of American Children” Family Stability and the American Dream W. Bradford Wilcox Sociology Professor & Director of the National Marriage Project, University of Virginia Visiting Scholar, American Enterprise Institute Senior Fellow, Institute for Family Studies February 25, 2020 The American Enterprise Institute (AEI) is a nonpartisan, nonprofit, 501(c)(3) educational organization and does not take institutional positions on any issues. The views expressed in this testimony are those of the author. Chairman Lee, Vice Chair Beyer, and distinguished members of the Joint Economic Committee, thank you for convening this hearing on improving family stability. I am a sociologist at the University of Virginia, a visiting scholar at the American Enterprise Institute, and a senior fellow of the Institute for Family Studies. This testimony reflects my own views and not those of any organization with which I am affiliated. Thank you for having me here today. If your only sense of the state of our unions was drawn from pop culture and the prestige press, you could be forgiven for thinking that the state of marriage and family life in America is dire. From the Oscar-winning movie Marriage Story, which leaves the impression that divorce remains an endemic feature of married life, to the title of the new Atlantic cover story, “The Nuclear Family Was a Mistake,” much of today’s culture paints a dark portrait of the state of our unions.1 The Good and Bad News About Family in America But, in truth, the data tell a sunnier story than you might get from just following pop culture and the prestige press. -
Joan Didion and the American Dream Joel Alden Schlosser [email protected]
Bryn Mawr College Scholarship, Research, and Creative Work at Bryn Mawr College Political Science Faculty Research and Scholarship Political Science 2018 Joan Didion and the American Dream Joel Alden Schlosser [email protected] Let us know how access to this document benefits ouy . Follow this and additional works at: https://repository.brynmawr.edu/polisci_pubs Part of the Political Science Commons Custom Citation Schlosser, Joel. 2018. "Joan Didion and the American Dream." Raritan 37.4: 28-51. This paper is posted at Scholarship, Research, and Creative Work at Bryn Mawr College. https://repository.brynmawr.edu/polisci_pubs/38 For more information, please contact [email protected]. Joan Didion and the American Dream JOEL ALDEN SCHLOSSER “Dreamers,” declares Ta-Nehisi Coates in Between the World and Me, believe the lie of the American dream, deifying democracy to avoid the human costs it has entailed. “Historians conjured the Dream,” Coates writes. “Hollywood fortified the Dream. The Dream was gilded by novels and adventure stories.” As Jedediah Purdy writes, dreamers are “blinkered people who imagine America an easy and untroubled home. .Dreamers decorate their history with bunting and streamers.” For Coates, these dreamers do not just exhibit bad faith; the disavowal of their complicity in structures of terror against black bodies effectively supports these structures, continuing the lega- cies of racism in the United States. Dreamers implicitly support a poli- tics of racial exclusion and unjustifiable violence. “It is the innocence,” as James Baldwin declared, “that constitutes the crime.” Coates’s recent invocation of the American dream as a destruc- tive and evasive fantasy has a strange affinity with a writer who rarely touched the “race beat”: Joan Didion. -
RESTORING the AMERICAN DREAM: Using Big Data to Improve Social Mobility
PARTICIPANT PERSPECTIVES Opportunity Insight RESTORING THE AMERICAN DREAM: Using big data to improve social mobility A defining feature of the “American Dream” is upward income mobility: the aspiration that children will have a higher standard of living than their parents. Unfortunately, the American dream is fading: Children’s chances of earning more than their parents have fallen from 90% to 50% over the past half-century. What factors have led to this erosion of the American Dream? And what policies can we implement to revive it for future generations? Opportunity Insights is a non- partisan research and policy institute based at Harvard University that seeks to tackle these questions. Recent research released by the institute includes an Opportunity Atlas that presents detailed information on upward mobility for 70,000 neighborhoods in America by tracking 20 million children from childhood to adulthood. This tool allows policymakers and the broader public to target interventions to improve economic opportunity where it is most lacking. In other work, we have analyzed an array of issues, including the sources of racial disparities in economic opportunity, how economic opportunity affects rates of innovation, the role of primary school education in improving children’s long-term outcomes, and how colleges contribute to economic mobility. Opportunity Insights leads the Collegiate Leaders in Increasing MoBility (CLIMB) Initiative, a partnership between leading higher education economists, policymakers, and a diverse set of U.S. colleges and universities. Through CLIMB, we seek to understand not only which colleges act as engines of intergenerational mobility, but why, and how schools and policymakers can promote opportunity and economic growth and help larger numbers of low-income students reach the middle class. -
American Dream Becomes Reality for New Citizens - Hawaii News - Honolulu Star-Advertiser Staradvertiser.Com
http://www.staradvertiser.com/newspremium/20130918_American_dream_becomes_reality_for_new_citizens.html?id=224191161 American dream becomes reality for new citizens - Hawaii News - Honolulu Star-Advertiser StarAdvertiser.com American dream becomes reality for new citizens About 100 people from all over the world pledge their allegiance to the United States By Rosemarie Bernardo POSTED: 01:30 a.m. HST, Sep 18, 2013 LAST UPDATED: 01:32 a.m. HST, Sep 18, 2013 HOLDING her naturalization certificate delicately with both hands, Dr. Sujata Bhatia couldn't hold back the tears Tuesday. "I just feel overwhelmed," said Bhatia, who is originally from Chan•di•garh, India. Bhatia was among nearly 100 people who received their naturalization certificates during a ceremony aboard the USS Missouri in conjunction with Constitution Day and Citizenship Day, recognizing the 1787 signing of the Constitution. Citizenship Day and Constitution Day have been celebrated simultaneously since 1952. More than 18,000 people will become citizens in naturalization ceremonies planned across the country through Monday. Family and friends of Hawaii's newest citizens gathered under a large canopy on the fantail of the USS Missouri to support their loved ones as they were sworn in. The decommissioned battleship, now a memorial and museum, is moored near the USS ArizonaMemorial in Pearl Harbor. On Sept. 2, 1945, in Tokyo Bay, Japan formally surrendered on the deck of the Missouri, ending World War II. The American melting pot was represented on board Tuesday with new citizens originally from countries such as Brazil, the Dominican Republic, Benin, Germany, Kuwait, Russia, South Korea, Jamaica and Switzerland. Ten military personnel were also part of the large group. -
What's Left of the Left: Democrats and Social Democrats in Challenging
What’s Left of the Left What’s Left of the Left Democrats and Social Democrats in Challenging Times Edited by James Cronin, George Ross, and James Shoch Duke University Press Durham and London 2011 © 2011 Duke University Press All rights reserved. Printed in the United States of America on acid- free paper ♾ Typeset in Charis by Tseng Information Systems, Inc. Library of Congress Cataloging- in- Publication Data appear on the last printed page of this book. Contents Acknowledgments vii Introduction: The New World of the Center-Left 1 James Cronin, George Ross, and James Shoch Part I: Ideas, Projects, and Electoral Realities Social Democracy’s Past and Potential Future 29 Sheri Berman Historical Decline or Change of Scale? 50 The Electoral Dynamics of European Social Democratic Parties, 1950–2009 Gerassimos Moschonas Part II: Varieties of Social Democracy and Liberalism Once Again a Model: 89 Nordic Social Democracy in a Globalized World Jonas Pontusson Embracing Markets, Bonding with America, Trying to Do Good: 116 The Ironies of New Labour James Cronin Reluctantly Center- Left? 141 The French Case Arthur Goldhammer and George Ross The Evolving Democratic Coalition: 162 Prospects and Problems Ruy Teixeira Party Politics and the American Welfare State 188 Christopher Howard Grappling with Globalization: 210 The Democratic Party’s Struggles over International Market Integration James Shoch Part III: New Risks, New Challenges, New Possibilities European Center- Left Parties and New Social Risks: 241 Facing Up to New Policy Challenges Jane Jenson Immigration and the European Left 265 Sofía A. Pérez The Central and Eastern European Left: 290 A Political Family under Construction Jean- Michel De Waele and Sorina Soare European Center- Lefts and the Mazes of European Integration 319 George Ross Conclusion: Progressive Politics in Tough Times 343 James Cronin, George Ross, and James Shoch Bibliography 363 About the Contributors 395 Index 399 Acknowledgments The editors of this book have a long and interconnected history, and the book itself has been long in the making. -
Findings from a National Survey & Focus Groups on Economic Mobility
March 12, 2009 Findings from a National Survey & Focus Groups on Economic Mobility To: Interested Parties From: Economic Mobility Project, The Pew Charitable Trusts Greenberg Quinlan Rosner Research Public Opinion Strategies Introduction Over the last two years, the Pew Economic Mobility Project (EMP) has been researching and aggregating the best available facts, figures and trends on economic mobility in the United States. In collaboration with leaders from across the political spectrum (including representatives from the American Enterprise Institute, the Brookings Institution, the Heritage Foundation, the New America Foundation, the Peterson Foundation, and the Urban Institute) the EMP is expanding the national economic debate by focusing on this critically important issue. Our diverse coalition believes that economic mobility—the ability of American families to move up or down the income ladder within a lifetime or from one generation to the next—is a unifying and core tenet of the American Dream, and that policymakers should dedicate significant attention to promoting policies that enhance economic mobility for all Americans. In developing the most comprehensive set of research and analyses on economic mobility, the project has introduced a number of provocative findings. These include economic analysis showing that most Americans make more in absolute dollars than their parents did at a similar age, but only a third move up a rung on the income ladder. It also found that children of parents at the very bottom and the very top of the ladder are themselves most likely to remain in those positions. And, strikingly, African Americans are more likely to make less than their parents and are more likely to fall down the income ladder than whites—almost half of children born to middle-income African-American families fall to the bottom of the income ladder as adults. -
The American Dream, Equal Opportunity, and Obtaining the Vote Benjamin Wyman University of Maine, Benjamin [email protected]
The Cohen Journal Volume 1 Article 4 Issue 1 Inaugural Issue 2015 The American Dream, Equal Opportunity, and Obtaining the Vote Benjamin Wyman University of Maine, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.library.umaine.edu/tcj Part of the American Politics Commons, Defense and Security Studies Commons, International Relations Commons, Political History Commons, Social History Commons, and the United States History Commons Recommended Citation Wyman, Benjamin (2015) "The American Dream, Equal Opportunity, and Obtaining the Vote," The Cohen Journal: Vol. 1 : Iss. 1 , Article 4. Available at: https://digitalcommons.library.umaine.edu/tcj/vol1/iss1/4 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by DigitalCommons@UMaine. It has been accepted for inclusion in The oC hen Journal by an authorized administrator of DigitalCommons@UMaine. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Wyman: The American Dream, Equal Opportunity, and Obtaining the Vote UNIVERSITY OF MAINE THE COHEN INSTITUTE for Leadership and Public Service N W E S THE COHEN JOURNAL Issue 1, Volume 1 Spring 2015 Published by DigitalCommons@UMaine, 2015 1 The Cohen Journal, Vol. 1 [2015], Iss. 1, Art. 4 __________ The American Dream, Equal Opportunity, and Obtaining the Vote __________ Ben Wyman, BA.1 The further the limit of voting rights is extended, the strong is the need felt to spread them still wider; for after each new concession the forces of democracy are strengthened (A. D. Tocqueville 1835). Introduction The United States was founded on the principles of inalienable and natural rights to life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness. -
The London School of Economics and Political Science
The London School of Economics and Political Science Mobilizing for Social Democracy in the ‘Land of Opportunity’: Social Movement Framing and the Limits of the ‘American Dream’ in Postwar United States Kristina Irene Fuentes A thesis submitted to the Department of Sociology of the London School of Economics for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy, London, January 2015 2 Declaration I certify that the thesis I have presented for examination for the MPhil/PhD degree of the London School of Economics and Political Science is solely my own work other than where I have clearly indicated that it is the work of others (in which case the extent of any work carried out jointly by me and any other person is clearly identified in it). The copyright of this thesis rests with the author. Quotation from it is permitted, provided that full acknowledgement is made. This thesis may not be reproduced without my prior written consent. I warrant that this authorisation does not, to the best of my belief, infringe the rights of any third party. I declare that my thesis consists of 115, 968 words. 3 Abstract This thesis looks at the use of ‘American Dream’ language by the U.S. labour and civil rights movements during the first three decades following the Second World War. It examines, in particular, the use of such language by socialists and social democrats in three separate, unsuccessful, attempts to transform postwar American society along social democratic lines. While the limits of social democratic and other leftist efforts in and beyond the postwar period has been the subject of significant scholarly enquiry, the use of ‘American Dream’ language in these efforts has, for the most part, been neglected.