2019 CALABARZON REGIONAL DEVELOPMENT REPORT

Foreword

HON. HERMILANDO I. MANDANAS RDC Chairperson

The CALABARZON Regional Development Report (RDR) is the monitoring document of the CALABARZON Regional Development Plan 2017-2022. The RDR tracks the Region’s socio-economic performance against the targets of the Plan. The Report highlights the role of government policies, programs and projects in meeting the development targets and outcomes contained in the Results Matrices of the RDP at mid-term and 2019.

The RDR shows the contributions of the national government agencies, regional line agencies, state universities and colleges, local government units, private sector and civil society organizations in achieving our vision to be a highly liveable and globally competitive industrial region.

For the Regional Development Council, the RDR serves as a scorecard. Through this annual accomplishment report, we can assess our performance in steering regional development and harnessing resources to implement the Regional Development Plan. This report is also the guide for RDC in policy formulation, investment programming, budget review and other developmental interventions for the Region.

The RDR is our report to the people of CALABARZON.

2019 Regional Development Report i

TABLE OF CONTENTS

Page No. Foreword i

Table of Contents ii

List of Tables iv

List of Figures viii

List of Acronyms x

Executive Summary xiv

Chapter 1: Facilitating Transition, Implementing Change 1

Chapter 2: Global and Regional Trends and Prospects 5

Chapter 3: Overlay of Economic Growth, Demographic Trends and Physical 11 Characteristics

Chapter 4: Regional Development Plan 2017-2022 Framework and Headline 15 Targets

Chapter 5: Ensuring People-Centered, Clean and Efficient Governance 19

Chapter 6: Pursuing Swift and Fair Administration of Justice 25

Chapter 7: Promoting Philippine Culture and Values 33

Chapter 8: Expanding Economic Opportunities in Agriculture, Forestry and 39 Fisheries

Chapter 9: Expanding Economic Opportunities in Industry and Services 47

Chapter 10: Accelerating Human Capital Development 59

Chapter 11: Reducing Vulnerability of Individual and Families 65

Chapter 12: Building Safe and Secure Communities 77

Chapter 13: Reaching for the Demographic Dividend 81

Chapter 14: Vigorously Advancing Science, Technology and Innovation 89

Chapter 15: Ensuring Sound Macroeconomic Policy 103

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Chapter 16: Leveling the Playing Field 119

Chapter 17: Attaining Just and Lasting Peace 127

Chapter 18: Ensuring Regional Security, Public Order and Safety 133

Chapter 19: Accelerating Infrastructure Development 139

Chapter 20: Ensuring Ecological Integrity, Clean and Healthy Environment 157

Chapter 21: Ensuring Safe, Orderly and Regular Migration 175

Chapter 22: Plan Implementation and Monitoring 179

Credits 180

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LIST OF TABLES B Y C H A P T E R

No. Title Page No.

5.1 2019 CMCI CALABARZON Awards 21 5.2 CALABARZON LGUs conferred with SGLG in 2019 22 6.1 Disposition of Cases, 2016 to 2019 26 6.2 Number of Assisted Women, Children, LGBTI, PWD and IP Cases 27 6.3 Constructed Jail Facilities, 2017-2019 28 8.1 Growth in Volume of Production of Fisheries (%), 2018-2019 40 8.2 Yield of Palay and Corn (Metric ton/Hectare) 41 8.3 Volume of Production in Hog and Chicken ('000 metric ton) 41 9.1 CALABARZON Results Matrix for 2017-2022, Total Investments, Employment 49 and Export Sales Data 9.2 Approved Investments in Million Pesos by Province, 2018 to 2019 49 9.3 Direct Employment by Province, 2018 to 2019 49 9.4 Export Sales by Province, 2017 to 2018 (US$ Million) 50 9.5 Number of Ecozones by Province as of December 2019 50 9.6 Establishing/Newly Proclaimed Ecozones by Province as of December 2019 50 9.7 Target and Actual Tourism Data, CALABARZON, 2017-2018 51 9.8 Access to Economic Opportunities, CALABARZON: 2017-2018 52 10.1 Expanded Students’ Grant in Aid Program for Poverty Alleviation, 2019 61 10.2 Regional Profile of Technical-Vocational Institutions, 2019 61 10.3 Beneficiaries of Job Facilitation Program by Province, 2019 62 11.1 Poor Senior Citizens Covered by Social Pension, 2018-2019 66 11.2 PhilHealth Enrolment and Coverage and Out-of-Pocket Expenditure, 2018-2019 67 11.3 OFWs Covered by Social Protection, CALABARZON, 2018-2019 69 11.4 Area Distributed and Covered under CARP, 2018-2019 70

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11.5 Number of Deaths, Injured and Missing Persons due to Natural and Human- 70 induced Disasters, 2018-2019 13.1 Modern Contraceptives Prevalence Rate (in %) by Province, 2018-2019 82 13.2 Maternal Mortality Ratio by Province, 2018 and 2019 83 13.3 Under-five Mortality Rate by Province 2018 and 2019 83 13.4 Stunting Prevalence in CALABARZON 84 13.5 Teenage Pregnancy Cases, 2017 and 2018 84 14.1 Number of Technologies Promoted, CALABARZON, 2018-2019 90 14.2 Number of Technologies: Adopted/Utilized, CALABARZON, 2018-2019 91 14.3 Number of Technology Adopters, CALABARZON, 2018-2019 91 14.4 Intellectual Property Rights Registrations, CALABARZON, 2018-2019 91 14.5 Intellectual Property Rights Applications, CALABARZON, 2018-2019 92 14.6 Number of S&T Interventions Provided, CALABARZON, 2018-2019 93 14.7 Number of Firms Provided with S&T Services, CALABARZON, 2018-2019 93 14.8 Number of Jobs Generated, CALABARZON, 2018-2019 93 14.9 Number of S&T Promotional Activities Conducted, CALABARZON, 2017-2019 94 14.10 Number of STEM Enrollees and Graduates in HEIs, CALABARZON, 2017-2019 96 14.11 Number of STEM Enrollees and Graduates in Senior High School, 96 CALABARZON, 2017-2019 15.1 GRDP Growth Rate and Targets, CALABARZON, 2011-2018 (in %) 103

15.2 Gross Regional Domestic Product at Constant 2000 prices, CALABARZON, 103 2013-2018 (in Php ‘000) 15.3 Employment, Unemployment and Underemployment Rate, CALABARZON, 105 2017-2019 (in percent) 15.4 Employment Distribution by Sector in CALABARZON, 2016-2019 (in %) 105 15.5 Inflation Rate in CALABARZON, 2018-2019 107 15.6 Consumer Price Index in CALABARZON, 2018-2019 107 15.7 Purchasing Power of Peso in CALABARZON, 2018-2019 107 15.8 Poverty Incidence by Population and Among Families in CALABARZON, 2015- 108 2019 (in percent) 15.9 Poverty Incidence Among Population in CALABARZON, 2015-2018 (in %) 109

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15.10 Poverty Incidence Among Families in CALABARZON, 2015-2018 (in %) 109 15.11 Poverty Threshold, Incidence and Magnitude of Poverty Among Population and 109 Among Families in CALABARZON, 2015-2018 15.12 Clustering of Provinces based on 2018 Full Year Poverty Incidence among 110 Families, CALABARZON: 2015 and 2018 15.13 CALABARZON Least Developed Municipalities (based on 2012 & 2015 Small 110 Area Poverty Estimates) 15.14 Number of Offices by Type of Bank: 2016-2019 112 15.15 Number of ATMs, 2013-2019 112 15.16 Number of Non-Banks Financial Institutions in CALABARZON, 2016-2019 113 15.17 Annual Value of Microfinance Services Delivery in CALABARZON, 2016-2019 113 15.18 Number of Registered Cooperatives in CALABARZON, 2015-2019 114 15.19 Revenue Type, Targets, Accomplishments (in million pesos), 2016-2019 115 16.1 Comparison of 2018 and 2019 Rankings of 2019 CMCI Awardees 120 16.2 Comparison of 2018 and 2019 Overall Competitiveness Rankings of LGUs 121 included in the Top 10, by Categories 19.1 Length of National Roads, Bridges and Bypasses in CALABARZON in 2018 and 140 2019 19.2 Length of Toll Road in CALABARZON in 2018 and 2019 141 19.3 Throughput of Batangas and Lucena Ports in 2018 and 2019 143 19.4 Performance of Irrigated Areas (in hectares), 2016 to 2019 144 19.5 Ratio of Actual Irrigated Area, and Cropping intensity, 2016 to 2019 144 19.6 Access to Sanitation and Safe Water Supply, 2016 to 2019 145 19.7 Number of Powered-up Sites with Free WIFI Internet Access and PoP Established 146 in CALABARZON, 2019 19.8 Education Facilities Results Matrix, 2016-2019 147 19.9 Health Facilities Results Matrix, 2016-2019 148 19.10 Type of Evacuation Centers by Province, 2018 148 19.11 Sanitary Landfills Monitored in CALABARZON, 2016-2019 149 19.12 Sewage Treatment Plants in CALABARZON, 2016-2019 149 19.13 List of Ongoing and Proposed Major Transport Projects 150

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20.1 Indicators, Targets, and Accomplishment for Forest Cover Changes and 159 Forestland Management in CALABARZON, 2017-2019 20.2 List of Protected Areas in CALABARZON 159 20.3 Indicators, Targets, and Accomplishments for Terrestrial, Coastal and Marine 160 Protected Areas in CALABARZON, 2017-2019 20.4 Indicators, Targets, and Accomplishments for Inland/Wetlands and Caves in 161 CALABARZON, 2017-2019 20.5 Indicators, Targets and Accomplishments for Land in CALABARZON, 2017- 162 2019 20.6 Indicator, Targets, and Accomplishments for Land Administration and 162 Management System in CALABARZON, 2017-2019 20.7 Indicators, targets, and accomplishments for Resource-based Industries in 164 CALABARZON, 2017-2019 20.8 Ambient Air Quality in Three urban areas of CALABARZON from 2017 to 2018 165 20.9 Water Quality of Priority River Systems in CALABARZON 165 20.10 Water Quality in 10 Sampling Stations along Manila Bay 166 20.11 Water Quality Sampling Stations in Selected Recreational Water Bodies in 167 CALABARZON 20.12 Average BOD Level of Laguna Lake from 2017 to 2019 168 20.13 Total Sanitary Landfills in CALABARZON as of June 2019 169 20.14 10-year Solid Waste Management Plan Compliance in CALABARZON 169 20.15 Status of Solid Waste Management in CALABARZON 170

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LIST OF FIGURES B Y C H A P T E R

No. Title Page No.

1.1 The RDP Within the Context of the Long-Term Development Plan 2 4.1 CALABRZON RDP 2017-2022 Overall Strategic Framework 15 5.1 Strategic Framework towards Ensuring People-centered, Clean, and 19 Efficient Governance 6.1 Strategic Framework on Pursuing Swift and Fair Administration of Justice 25 6.2 Nature of Gender-Based Violence Cases 27 6.3 Nature of Cases Involving Child Victims 27 6.4 Most Congested Detention Facilities in the Region 29 7.1 Strategic Framework to Promote Philippine Culture and Values 33 8.1 Strategic Framework to Expand Economic Opportunities in Agriculture, 39 Forestry, and Fisheries 9.1 Strategic Framework to Expand Economic Opportunities in 47 Industry and Service 10.1 Strategic Framework to Accelerate Human Capital Development 59 10.2 Performance in Science and Technology, 2019 60 11.1 Strategic Framework to Reduce Vulnerability of Individuals and Families 65 11.2 Poor Households provided with CCT, 2018-2019 66 11.3 Number of Victims of Child Labor Assisted, 2018-2019 68 11.4 Number of OFW Membership to OWWA, 2018-2019 68 12.1 Strategic Framework for Building Safe and Secure Communities 77 13.1 Strategic Framework to Reach for the Demographic Dividend 81 14.1 Strategic Framework to Advance Science, Technology and Innovation 89 15.1 Framework to Ensure Sound Macroeconomic Policy 104 16.1 Strategic Framework for Leveling the Playing Field 119 17.1 Strategic Framework for Attaining Just and Lasting Peace 127 18.1 Strategic Framework for Ensuring Regional Security, Public Order 133 and Safety

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19.1 Strategic Framework for Accelerating infrastructure Development 139 20.1 Strategic Framework to Ensure Ecological Integrity, Clean and Healthy 158 Environment 20.2 Map of Environmental Quality Monitoring Stations 168 21.1 Strategic Framework to Ensure Safe, Orderly and Regular Migration 175

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LIST OF ACRONYMS

4Ps Pantawid Pamilyang Pilipino Program ACPP Accelerated Coconut Planting/Replanting Program AFF Agriculture, Fishery and Forestry AFP Armed Forces of the Philippines AFF Agriculture, Fishery and Forestry APIS Annual Poverty Indicators Survey ASEAN Association of South East Asian Nations ATM Automated Teller Machine BADAC Barangay Anti-Drug Abuse Council BLT Build-Lease-Transfer BOD Biochemical Oxygen Demand BPLS Business Permit and Licensing System BPO Business Process Outsourcing BSP Bangko Sentral ng Pilipinas BUB Bottom-Up-Budgeting CARP Comprehensive Agrarian Reform Program CCA Climate Change Adaptation CDF Controlled Disposal Facilities CFP Coconut Fertilization Project CLUP Comprehensive Land Use Plan CMCI Cities and Municipalities Competitiveness Index COD Center of Development COE Center of Excellence COVID-19 Corona Virus Disease 2019 CPI Consumer Price Index CPP Communist Party of the Philippines CSFI Congressional Spouses Foundation Inc. CSO Civil Service Organization

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DAO Department Administrative Order DRR Disaster Risk Reduction DRRM Disaster Risk Reduction and Management DRRMO Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Office EO Executive Order FOROC Field Office Resource Operation Center GAD Gender and Development GDP Gross Domestic Product GIDA Geographically Isolated and Disadvantaged Area GRDP Gross Regional Domestic Product GVA Gross Value Added HEI Higher Education Institutions HFEP Health Facilities Enhancement Program HIV Human Immunodeficiency Virus HVCC High Value Commercial Crops ICT Information Communication Technology IEC Information and Education Campaign IPs Indigenous Peoples IPG Investment Promotion Group IPR Intellectual Property Right IR Inflation Rate IT-BPM Information Technology and Business Process Management LAMS Land Administration and Management System LCE Local Chief Executive LGU Local Government Unit MASA MASID Mamamayang Ayaw Sa Anomalya, Mamamayang Ayaw sa Ilegal na Droga MPN Most Probable Number MRF Materials Recovery Facility

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MSEZ Manufacturing Special Economic Zone MSME Micro, Small and Medium Enterprise MSR Manila South Road NC National Certificate NCI Non-Crop Insurance NCR National Capital Region NDF National Democratic Front NDRRMC National Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Council NER National Enrolment Ratio NGA National Government Agency NGO National Government Organization NGP National Greening Program NIPAS National Integrated Protected Areas System NPA New People’s Army OD Open Dumpsite OF Overseas Filipino OFW Overseas Filipino Worker PA Protected Area PAMANA Payapa at Masaganang Pamayanan PAMB Protected Area Management Board PDPFP Provincial Development and Physical Framework Plan PGENRO Provincial Government Environment and Natural Resources Office PEZA Philippine Economic Zone Authority PNP Philippine National Police PPAN Philippine Plan of Action for Nutrition PPP Public-Private Partnership PSIP Public-Private Partnership for School Infrastructure Project PWD Persons with Disabilities RDC Regional Development Council

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RDR Regional Development Report RLA Regional Line Agency ROLL-IT Roads Leveraging Linkages for Industry and Trade SDG Sustainable Development Goal SETUP Small Enterprise Technology Upgrading Program SGLG Seal of Good Local Governance SHS Senior High School SOLCOM Southern Luzon Command SPES Special Program for the Employment of Students SPMS Anti-Red Tape Act SUC State University and College SWM Solid Waste Management TB Tuberculosis TIP Term Insurance Packages TUPAD Tulong Panghanap Buhay sa Ating Disadvantaged/Displaced Workers TVET Technical Vocational Education and Training TVPL Taal Volcano Protected Landscape TWG Technical Working Group WQMA Water Quality Management Area WSP Water Service Providers

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EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

In 2019, the economic performance of the Region was measured in terms of employment and movement of prices pending the release of the 2019 Gross Regional Domestic Product. Employment rate was at 93.9 percent which was higher than the previous year’s 93.4 percent while underemployment was reduced from 13.4 percent to 11.8 percent. Moreover, unemployment rate was also reduced to 6.1 percent from 6.6 percent. Employment indicators improved in spite of the growing workforce and migrants looking for jobs in CALABARZON. The expansion of the manufacturing establishments as well as the services sector created more jobs. Employment increased in the industrial parks and ecozones by 1.67 percent.

With the improvement in the economy, poverty incidence among population declined from 12.2 percent in 2015 to 7.1 percent in 2018. This is the lowest poverty incidence recorded in the past 20 years. This can be attributed to the extensive poverty alleviation programs that provided livelihood income opportunities and basic services to marginalized households and disadvantaged communities.

Inflation rate also declined to 2.6 percent, a marked recovery from past year’s inflation of 4.8 percent. This can be attributed to stability in the supply of basic food items such as rice, bread and cereals. This was also attributed to the implementation of the free tuition program by CHED/SUCs for public tertiary education.

The agriculture, hunting, fishery and forestry sectors had a notable uptrend performance which were mainly driven by the livestock and poultry subsectors which constituted more than half of the total outputs of the sector.

On the social aspect, mortality rate decreased from 3.64 percent in 2018 to 3.00 in 2019 due to the proactive implementation of various health programs. The targets for the health out-of-pocket expenditures for 2018 and 2019 were achieved due to strict monitoring of compliance to No Balance Billing Policy of accredited health institutions.

Likewise, better access to quality technical-vocational education was attained with 501 technical-vocational institutions operating in the five provinces. The Region currently has more than 2,504 trainers for 1,644 skills development programs.

xiv 2019 Regional Development Report

On peace and order, there was an increase in number of rebel returnees from 24 in 2018 to 90 in 2019. The rebel returnees received various assistance through the government’s Enhanced Comprehensive Local Integration Program.

Environmental quality also improved with the increase in rehabilitated forestland in 2019 totaling to 33,951 hectares and 25 hectares planted with forest trees. Twenty-two protected areas were also developed for ecotourism purposes.

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Chapter 1 Facilitating Transition, Implementing Change

The 2019 Regional Development Report (RDR) presents the annual assessment of the socioeconomic performance of the region based on the targets in the Results Matrices of the CALABARZON Regional Development Plan (RDP) 2017-2022. The RDR highlights the annual accomplishments of the key sectors namely: the macroeconomy; industry and services; agriculture and fisheries; infrastructure; social; peace and security; governance; and environment. Challenges as well as strategies to address the development issues were identified while keeping an eye on the trends, prospects and opportunities of each sector. The RDR is a tool for policy-makers and development planners for the identification and implementation of appropriate development interventions for the region.

The Long View

The CALABARZON RDP 2017-2022 supports the plans and strategies set forth by the Philippine Development Plan (PDP) 2017-2022 which gives the direction and the overall development framework for the country.

The RDP and the PDP are both anchored on the long-term vision for the country – AmBisyon Natin 2040 which states that “By 2040, the Philippines shall be a prosperous, predominantly middle-class society where no one is poor; our people shall live long and healthy lives, be smart and innovative, and shall live in a high-trust society.” Meanwhile, the Updated Regional Physical Framework Plan 2017-2046 espouses the spatial dimension of the RDP through its vision that “CALABARZON is a region of vibrant economic diversity and vitality with progressive, well-planned town clusters inhabited by God-loving people enjoying globally competitive, balanced and resilient ecosystems”. These Plans lay down a solid foundation for a more inclusive growth, a society that we can trust and an economy that is at par with the emerging economies of the world.

To achieve the PDP and the RDP outcomes, a whole of government approach, complemented by the private sector and civil society organizations, are needed. At the regional level, the collective action for the implementation of the CALABARZON RDP 2017-2022 was set by the Regional Development Council when it approved the updated Plan in December 2019. All sectoral, thematic, and agency plans at the regional level, and the plans of the LGUs must be consistent and aligned with the targets and strategies in the RDP. Continuity and sustainability of development initiatives throughout the planning period are expected, while taking into account the region’s performance as contained in the RDR.

Looking back at the accomplishments and challenges in the first three years of the implementation of the current RDP, the following strategies are recommended to be strongly pursued at the end of the Plan period in 2022 in light of the “New Normal”:

Chapter 1: FACILITATING TRANSITION, IMPLEMENTING CHANGE 1

Figure 1.1. The RDP within the context of the Long-Term Development Plan

The following strategic actions shall be pursued in the next 25 years:

Towards building a prosperous, pre-dominantly middle class society where no one is poor  Attract more global and high-value firms to invest in the region to create more quality jobs and provide competitive products and services  Support the growth of micro, small and medium enterprises (MSMEs) through technology and market assistance to expand access to markets and improve local products and services  Implement fully the convergence and strategic efforts by public and private sectors to assist the Geographically Isolated and Disadvantage Areas (GIDAs) and chronically poor areas to address poverty  Develop the competitive advantage of the following sectors to achieve a high and sustained economic growth: o Manufacturing o Housing and urban development o Information and communication technology and business process outsourcing o Creative industries and knowledge-based services such as animation and software development o Financial services o Tourism-related services o Agriculture and business development o Transport, including alternative energy vehicles o Renewable energy.

 Establish social safety nets for the unemployed and those affected by disasters, calamities and health emergencies to reduce vulnerabilities to natural and human- induced disasters

2 Chapter 1: FACILITATING TRANSITION, IMPLEMENTING CHANGE

 Implement priority infrastructure projects to improve intra and inter-regional connectivity to boost productivity and economic growth

Towards Promoting a long and healthy life  Provide quality and affordable health care for all  Increase investments in health care facilities, health personnel and financing of the PhilHealth to address public health emergencies  Reduce maternal and infant mortality rate through the implementation and adoption of local governments on Republic Act 11148 or the First 1000 Days Law  Implement in full the Responsible Parenthood and Reproductive Law to ensure adequate access to family planning commodities and services  Implement public and private sector programs to reduce the prevalence of malnutrition and over-nutrition and promotion of a healthy lifestyle  Improve the quality of the environment through effective waste management and management of natural resources  Implement programs and projects to enhance responsiveness and mitigating effects of natural disasters and public health emergencies

Towards becoming smarter and more innovative people  Enhance and update college and high school curricula to meet local and international industry demands and produce world-class graduates  Review the implementation of the K to 12 Program and introduce necessary improvements to ensure that Senior High School are work-ready and are able to find employment  Increase investments in education facilities, equipment and personnel to ensure quality education under the ‘'New Normal”  Increase investments in research and development and produce researches in line with the development needs of the region as stated in the CALABARZON Regional Development Research Agenda 2018-2022  Support and provide incentives to scientists and inventors and strengthen intellectual property (IP) culture  Support the establishment of innovation and business incubation hubs through public and private financing

Towards building a high-trust society  Ensure efficient delivery of goods and services at all levels of the bureaucracy through transparent, competitive, automated, and quality management systems  Encourage competition and inclusiveness in the political system by implementing political and electoral reforms  Ensure public order and safety and continue the fair implementation anti-drug campaign  Implement a long-term development agenda for armed-conflict areas  Develop strong patriotism among Filipinos by upholding common Filipino values and culture awareness advocacies

Chapter 1: FACILITATING TRANSITION, IMPLEMENTING CHANGE 3

4 Chapter 1: FACILITATING TRANSITION, IMPLEMENTING CHANGE

Chapter 2 Global and Regional Trends and Prospects

CALABARZON remains to be one of the top investment destinations in the country because of its proximity to the National Capital Region (NCR). It is the hub of the manufacturing industries, with abundant agricultural produce and raw materials, and a large labor force. The Region has the highest total approved foreign investments in 2019 amounting to PHP11.2 billion, followed by NCR with PHP10.7 billion. The total amount of foreign investments in the country in 2019 was PHP134.4 billion.

The increase in investments can be attributed to the improved business climate and the presence of enabling mechanisms that helped sustain the high and inclusive growth. Furthermore, government programs and projects in complementation with the private sector contributed in addressing the development challenges of the region, both domestic and international.

Economic

In 2019, headline inflation of the Philippines and the CALABARZON Region rose to as high as 4.4 percent due to rising global energy prices, higher excise taxes, weaker peso, and challenges in the supply of rice and other food supplies. Apparently, these increased the prices of basic food commodities including alcoholic and non-alcoholic beverages.. However, with the implementation of the Rice Tariffication Law, rice became cheaper which significantly reduced inflation to 2.5 percent in December.

The Philippine economy grew at 5.5 percent in 2019, slower compared to the 6.2 percent growth in 2018. The lower growth rate can be attributed to the delayed passage of the 2019 national budget, and the election ban which significantly affected public spending related to the implementation of some government projects. The African Swine Flu likewise affected the economy as demand for pork dampened while the El Niño Phenomenon resulted in lower production in agriculture. However, the robust growth of the manufacturing sector compensated for all the negative trends and pulled up a positive economic performance.

The economic growth can be sustained by generating more investments from global and high- value firms that will provide more quality employment and create competitive products and services for the international and domestic markets. As such, the conduct of various investment promotion activities are being spearheaded by Investment Promotion Group of the RDC which include the formulation and adoption of the RDC-approved CALABARZON Investment Priority Areas 2019-2020, conduct of investment missions and fora, and dissemination of promotional materials, among others.

The establishment of new economic zones in Quezon and other parts of the region as well as expansion of MSMEs will also generate employment and stimulate economic growth. The Package 2 of the TRAIN Law which includes the reduction of the corporate income tax and the rationalization of tax incentives is expected to increase the money available for businesses to expand.

Chapter 2: GLOBAL AND REGIONAL TRENDS AND PROSPECTS 5

The Build, Build, Build Program will boost the CALABARZON’s construction subsector since some of the big ticket projects will be implemented in the region. Opening of new roads, bypass roads, and construction of roads for interregional connectivity especially along the Pacific Coast will bring more investments and create jobs while ensuring connectivity and improved public service accessibility. Improvement of international and inter-regional connectivity which includes internet connectivity and transportation will reduce logistics costs, leading to higher productivity and stronger regional economy. To unify transport-related plans in the country, NEDA initiated the conduct of the formulation of the Philippine Transportation System Master Plan (PTSMP). The PTSMP will synchronize decisions and investments of all transport-related agencies at the national and local levels and will include a list of transport projects that will be implemented throughout the country in support of the nation’s long-term vision – AmBisyon Natin 2040. However, there was a slow-down in the implementation of government infrastructure projects due to the COVID 2019 Pandemic.

Political

The proposed shift to a federal government is one of the priorities of the National Government. In 2018, the Office of the President released Memorandum Circular No. 62 which creates the Inter-Agency Task Force on Federalism and Constitutional Reform. The proposed charter mandates that the form and structure of the government will be that of a presidential-bicameral- federal system, develop a two-party system where the state shall subsidize the political parties, automatic release of national taxes to local governments or federated regions, and extension in the term of elected officials. The shift to a federal government would require substantial financial costs from the government to fully capacitate the regional and local levels of bureaucracy to take on the central government offices’ functions. Thus, a phased approach to federalism would help ensure that the shift in government would not disrupt the economic growth of the country.

Even as federalism is being pursued by some, the LGUs are expected to exercise more autonomy with more devolution of basic services. The Supreme Court on its July 3, 2018 decision ordered to automatically release the shares of LGUs in the national taxes pursuant to the schedule provided by the Local Government Code, including the collections of the Bureau of Customs. The SC decision will help fund the devolved basic services on health, agriculture, education, disaster management, peace and order, and safety. The additional share is expected to be released to the LGUs in 2022.

Meanwhile, insurgency problem continues to persist. Military operations have been intensified after failed peace negotiations and rebel encounters in some areas in Batangas and Quezon. While peace negotiations are still uncertain, the national and local governments will continue to implement a comprehensive peace and development program to neutralize security threats, and encourage more rebel returnees to become productive members of society. In CALABARZON, the RDC has conducted several community outreach activities in insurgency areas to make government services more accessible. To further promote peace and ensure the safety of the people, the Anti-Terrorism Bill of 2020 was proposed. Once passed into a law, the government will become more capable in addressing the threats to country’s peace and security.

6 Chapter 2: GLOBAL AND REGIONAL TRENDS AND PROSPECTS

Social and Demographic

Being the most populous region at 14.4 million and having a 14 percent share in the youth labor force population of the country, the Region can benefit most out of the demographic dividend with the appropriate health and education strategies for children and youth to improve human capital.

On health, the full implementation of the RPRH law, adolescent and youth health programs, first 1000 days and promotion of healthy lifestyle can address the problems on increasing cases of teenage pregnancy, high fertility rate, malnutrition, and obesity. To ensure the provision of adequate health and nutrition services to all pregnant women and children during their early days of development (i.e. newly-born up to 24 months), Republic Act No. 11148, or the Kalusugan at Nutrisyon ng Mag-Nanay Act was signed into law on November 29, 2018. The law was spurred by the success of Quezon Province’s First 1000 Days of Life Program which aims to reduce malnutrition, maternal, and neonatal mortality in the province. Another major concern on health that will greatly affect the development of the Region and the country is the COVID-19 Pandemic. Due to the lack of a vaccine for COVID-19, the world and the country need to adapt to the “New Normal” condition.

On education and employment, more youth will be able to access higher education through the Universal Access to Quality Tertiary Education Program. To be able to provide the needed manpower required by the growing industries in the region, stronger partnership between the academe and industry, with government’s facilitation, will continue to be pursued in the region. Other areas for collaboration with non-government organizations to increase youth employability such as the development of life and soft skills of students will also be supported. The COVID-19 also greatly affected education and employment. To mitigate the effects of the pandemic and avoid prolonged unemployment, employment opportunities and alternative livelihood programs will be provided to the affected workers. Distance Learning System for the students will also be adopted supported by some critical infrastructures and services.

CALABARZON will continue to be one of the top in-migration regions in the country due to more employment opportunities and proximity to NCR. To be able to absorb the continuous supply of labor force and keep unemployment levels within the single-digit target, more jobs need to be created in different industries and matching of skills of job seekers to industry requirements. On international migration, despite some bans on deployment of domestic workers to safeguard Filipino workers, the number of OFs is still expected to increase as the government is eyeing to send skilled workers (e.g. nurses, teachers) to developed countries such as Japan and Germany where there are better working conditions and benefits. The deployment of these skilled workers is a result of economic partnerships of the Philippines with other countries and economic regions such as ASEAN. However, with the COVID-19 Pandemic, the landscape of international migration will substantially change.

Technological

The Fourth Industrial Revolution (FIRe) or so called Industry 4.0 refers to the currently emerging revolution in technology based on the fusion of radical advances in knowledge across a wide range of scientific domains. Iconic examples are advances in artificial intelligence,

Chapter 2: GLOBAL AND REGIONAL TRENDS AND PROSPECTS 7 neuroscience, robotics, internet of things, nanotechnology, quantum computers, genetics bio- engineering, among others.

FIRe will create new products, production methods, business process and other cost-reducing, quality-improving and lifestyle-changing methods. It will also bring about massive job changes that will be favorable to workers that have strong scientific and quantitative skills and those who are highly trainable and adaptable. However, it will be disadvantageous to workers whose jobs can be automated such as unskilled assembly line jobs and routine jobs.

For the country and the region to be responsive to Industry 4.0, reforms in the education sector, research and development, and technology need to be prioritized and provided the necessary investments. Among these strategies include achieving universal completion of quality K-12 education, ensuring that young and future workers are highly trainable and flexible, and enabling current workers’ to acquire new competencies for regular updating and upgrading of skills (i.e. lifelong learning).

With FIRe, it is also imperative for the Philippines’ Information and Technology and Business Process Management (IT-BPM) industry to evolve and remain competitive. This involves strengthening human resource capability and maximizing use of technology in new, emerging and more complex sectors in the industry such as animation and game development, health information management, and IT and software development.

With the Internet of Things (the interconnection via the Internet of gadgets/devices), technology and devices will be used in new different ways for business and everyday lives. Addressing the COVID-19 Pandemic, online processes and services are now more essential to our everyday life. In order to improve and continue operations of business and the economy, ICT will be improved to support the economy and the government.

Environmental

The major weather disturbance or disaster that affected the region in 2019 was the forecasted El Niño phenomenon. The El Niño affected agriculture production in the first quarter of 2019 that led to lower economic growth during the year. A total of 5,257 farmers were affected by the drought brought on by the El Niño.

The Region is enhancing its disaster preparedness activities through the preparation and finalization of region-wide and area specific contingency plans for earthquakes, flooding and other hazards. In 2019, the RDRRMC rolled-out the formulation of public sector continuity plans to ensure the immediate recovery of government and other essential services in times of disasters. On disaster mitigation, an infrastructure audit of critical government buildings and other facilities will also be carried out to assess and reduce vulnerability to hazards, in particular, earthquakes.

The adoption and implementation of the Philippine Water Supply and Sanitation Masterplan (PWSSMP) will not only help ensure adequate water supply in the future but also improve water quality in the region including sources of water such as rivers, lakes and coastal areas.

8 Chapter 2: GLOBAL AND REGIONAL TRENDS AND PROSPECTS

At the regional level, the CALABARZON Flood Risk Assessment Study is being prepared to address issues caused by flooding. The study will serve as a basis or framework in preparing local and regional flood control policies, studies and projects all over the Region.

On solid waste management, the PWSSMP identified putting up of sanitary landfills for highly urbanized and cluster of municipalities as well as technologies on sanitation. As a devolved function, local governments need to come up with their approved solid waste management plans and to allocate funds for waste management or pollution reduction programs and projects.

Chapter 2: GLOBAL AND REGIONAL TRENDS AND PROSPECTS 9

10 Chapter 2: GLOBAL AND REGIONAL TRENDS AND PROSPECTS

Chapter 3 Overlay of Economic Growth, Demographic Trends and Physical Characteristics

The distribution of population over a geographical location reflects the economic structure of the region. Regions with established and large cities coupled with increasing population tend to develop at a faster rate. To maximize the opportunities of increasing population and economic activities, the CALABARZON RDP 2017-2022 adopts the National Spatial Strategy (NSS) which provides the basis for policies to complement population and economic growth involving the core strategies of regional agglomeration, connectivity, and vulnerability reduction.

Accomplishments

Population and economic growth

CALABARZON had the largest population among the regions with more than 14 million people and accounts for 14.3 percent of the country’s total population based on the 2015 PSA Census of Population. With an annual growth rate of 2.58 percent, the Region’s population is expected to double by 2042. The female population in 2015 accounts for 50 percent of the Region’s population. Female also accounts for 65.74 percent of working-age population of 15- 64 years old.

As of 2018, the CALABARZON’s economy grew by 7.3 percent. The Region’s high growth was attributed to the strong performance of the manufacturing subsector. It is also notable that CALABARZON is the second highest contributor to the total output in agriculture, forestry, and fisheries sector with a 10.0 percent share, while the Region’s services sub-sector contributed 9.7 percent to the total output.

Inflation declined by 2.2 percent index points from 4.8 percent in 2018 to 2.6 percent in 2019 due to stability in the supply of basic food items, in particular rice, bread and cereals. Meanwhile, higher prices led to the lower purchasing power of the peso (PPP). In 2019, the average PPP went down to PHP0.85, lower than PHP0.02 compared to the PPP of previous year. The decline in the PPP was due to the increase in prices in 2019.

In terms of poverty among families and population, the Region achieved and performed better than its 2018 targets. However, eradicating poverty in the Region remains a challenge as shown by persistent poverty in rural and predominantly agricultural areas.

Chapter 3: OVERLAY OF ECONOMIC GROWTH, DEMOGRAPHIC 11 TRENDS AND PHYSICAL CHARACTERISTICS

Agglomeration and urban efficiency

CALABARZON benefited from the agglomeration of economic activities in various economic zones. However, there is still a need to strengthen forward and backward linkages to fully benefit from agglomeration. As of 2019, the Region has a total of 56 operating ecozones and 20 newly proclaimed ecozones such as IT parks and centers, agro-industrial, tourism, and medical tourism parks (see details in Chapter 9).

In promoting urban efficiency, the provinces created the Comprehensive Development Plan Technical Assistance Committee (CDP-TAC) to strengthen the relationship of the province with its component cities and municipalities as partners in local development. The CDP-TAC will ensure plan complementation and augmentation between the Provincial Development and Physical Framework Plans (PDPFPs) and Provincial Development Investment Programs of the provinces and the CDPs of component cities and municipalities. This initiative will also promote vertical and horizontal linkages of plans and rural-urban linkages.

The CALABARZON LGUs won the top awards in the Cities and Municipalities Competitiveness Index (CMCI) in 2019. The LGUs of CALABARZON like in previous years again proved their efficiency and effectiveness in delivering government services and creating a conducive environment for local development by besting more than 1,500 LGUs. Four CALABARZON LGUs bagged the top spots in overall competitiveness. The awards received by the Region doubled from 12 in 2018 to 25 out of 75 awards in 2019, with Rizal Province being the most competitive province for the fourth straight year because of the high ranking received by its LGUs (see details in Chapter 16).

Regional connectivity

In 2019, construction, improvement, and rehabilitation of roads and other infrastructures increased. Thirty-eight bypass or diversion roads are being proposed to decongest traffic in the urban areas. In addition, a total of 275 bridges were widened and the length of toll roads increased.

Apart from land transport, water transport was also improved. Port facilities such as container and passenger terminals were improved to ensure a seamless RoRo network. Utilization of existing ports in Batangas and Quezon Provinces was also optimized. The existing ports are important transport facilities that connect CALABARZON to the island regions of MIMAROPA and Western Visayas. The Sangley Airport was also rehabilitated. It will serve as an alternate airport that will decongest the increasing volume of air traffic in NAIA (see details in Chapter 19).

Vulnerability reduction

In 2019, natural disaster casualties per 100,000 population decreased while human-induced disaster casualties increased. Hence, several disaster-related capability building activities were organized including Basic Incident Command System (ICS), Disaster Response Operation Monitoring and Information Management, Warehouse Management and Humanitarian Supply Chain, Project Proposal Development, and Project Management on Climate Change Adaptation (CCA) Programs and Projects.

12 Chapter 3: OVERLAY OF ECONOMIC GROWTH, DEMOGRAPHIC TRENDS AND PHYSICAL CHARACTERISTICS

Local shelter planning and updating of DRR-CCA enhanced PDPFPs and CLUPs have been the priority of the Region towards reducing vulnerabilities and strengthening resilience. As of 2019, 60 out of 142 LGUs have approved or updated CLUPs while 15 out of 142 have approved LSPs. On the other hand, all the Provinces are preparing for updating of their PDPFPs. The Regional Land Use Committee regularly monitors the preparation and approval of local development plans.

Strategy

In achieving the development goals of the region, the National Spatial Strategy was adopted in the RDP. The NSS’ core strategies include regional agglomeration, connectivity, and vulnerability reduction. The Regional agglomeration promotes concentration and maximizes the benefits of scale and agglomeration of economies, while connectivity aims to connect production areas to settlement and market areas. Vulnerability reduction is about ensuring the safety of the population to various hazards and control settlements in hazard prone areas.

Moving Forward

Agglomeration and urban efficiency

With the COVID-19 Pandemic, the spatial strategy needs to be revisited to integrate health hazards in land use and settlements development as well as promote the development of more growth centers outside Metro Manila. Hierarchy of settlements shall also be pursued to promote agglomeration and redistribution of urban growth. A paradigm shift in land use and urban design will also be considered to develop more open and public spaces.

At the regional level, continuous dissemination of information materials and conduct of activities of the Investment Promotion Group under the Regional Development Council will help promote the Region and attract potential investors.

There is also a need to sustain and improve competitiveness and CMCI ranking of more LGUs in the Region. At the local level, the synergy of members of the Provincial Competitiveness Committee to assist their respective LGUs to work on their comparative advantages and improve their rankings in the CMCI survey will increase their level of competitiveness. Further, enhancing the competitiveness of the Region through the nationwide implementation of the National Competition Policy (NCP) will enable the MSMEs to be an active player in the market to support or complement larger firms.

Connectivity

To serve as a guide in building the CALABARZON road network, the preparation of the CALABARZON Transportation Master Plan will be prioritized. The master plan will harmonize transport infrastructures and identify strategies to improve connectivity. Incorporation of facilities and infrastructure promoting non-motorized transport will also be considered for greater mobility during emerging and infectious disease outbreaks.

Chapter 3: OVERLAY OF ECONOMIC GROWTH, DEMOGRAPHIC 13 TRENDS AND PHYSICAL CHARACTERISTICS

Port facilities will be continuously developed and improved to ensure that RoRo shipping transport remains a viable mode for transporting people and goods particularly in the island municipalities of Quezon and Batangas.

With the proposal to establish the DICT’s GovNet in the region, linkages among government offices and faster delivery of services are expected. GovNet will also provide free Wi-Fi access to the public.

Vulnerability reduction

Since CALABARZON has a big population, vulnerability reduction measures are necessary to protect the people, establishments, and settlements, especially in highly urbanized areas. The Region’s thrust to promote health and nutrition by advocating the strict implementation of No Balance Billing policy, First 1000 Days Law, Universal Health Care Act, and addressing stunting, wasting, and teenage and adolescent pregnancy will help reduce the vulnerability of the population.

Implementation of disaster-resilient projects and vulnerability reduction measures will also minimize the effects of man-made and natural hazards. Hence, there is a need to intensify and expand coverage of trainings on DRRM and invest in innovative DRR-CCA technologies and systems. Increased public awareness of DOST’s programs, projects, and technologies through its mainstream media and social media platforms will address the concern on the limited awareness of the general public to avail locally-developed technologies for disaster prevention, mitigation, and response.

Permanent evacuation centers in a municipality to serve as temporary shelter during disaster will be equipped with basic utilities and spaces that will promote the evacuees’ social well- being while they recover from disasters. In addition, rebuilding the evacuees’ damaged houses into more resilient houses will reduce their vulnerability.

Moreover, the lack of or insufficient accurate and updated data on housing remains a fundamental issue that needs to be resolved immediately for better targeting and monitoring of accomplishment in terms of building safe and secure communities. The continuation of Building Adequate, Livable, Affordable, and Inclusive or “BALAI” Filipino Communities Program would further strengthen partnership among key shelter agencies and housing developers to address the housing backlog.

14 Chapter 3: OVERLAY OF ECONOMIC GROWTH, DEMOGRAPHIC TRENDS AND PHYSICAL CHARACTERISTICS

Chapter 4 Regional Development Plan 2017-2022 Framework and Headline Targets

Consistent with the PDP overall strategic framework, the CALABARZON RDP intends to lay down a solid foundation for a more inclusive growth, a high-trust and resilient society, and a globally-competitive knowledge economy through the strategy of “Malasakit at Pagbabago Tungo sa Patuloy na Pag-unlad”.

Figure 4.1 CALABARZON RDP 2017-2022 Overall Strategic Framework

Enhancing the social fabric

To strengthen people’s trust in public institutions, the Region continued implementing Malasakit Strategies. As a symbol of integrity and high standards of public service delivery, the DILG in 2019 awarded the Seal of Good Local Governance (SGLG) to 33 LGUs in the region.

In recognition of Philippine culture development, various LGUs have conducted or are currently conducting cultural mapping in their respective municipalities with the assistance of the National Commission for Culture and the Arts (NCCA), the academe and non-government organizations. The chapter on culture development and values promotion was also included in the Regional Development Plan 2017-2022 which aims to further mainstream of culture and values by recognizing its critical role in development and sustainable growth. The development, conservation, and promotion of culture and arts are also being strengthened with

Chapter 4: REGIONAL DEVELOPMENT PLAN 2017-2022 FRAMEWORK 15 AND HEADLINE TARGETS the establishment of more local culture and arts council. Relatedly, the DILG’s Seal of Good Local Governance included indicators on Essential Areas, Tourism, Culture and the Arts, Cultural Heritage Promotion and Conservation to ensure the integration of culture in the local plans and programs.

Reducing inequality

The Strategy of Pagbabago aims to reduce inequality by expanding economic opportunities and increasing access to these opportunities especially for the marginalized sector. The government continued to provide agriculture and fishery inputs and machineries to farmers and fisherfolks to increase their productivity. To complement this, various technical, credit and insurance assistance were also provided to improve their livelihood. To support the creation and expansion of MSMEs, more Negosyo Centers have been established by DTI in collaboration with LGUs. DOST also provided technological support through their Small- Enterprise Technology Upgrading Program.

To bring the government programs and services closer to lagging and conflict-affected areas, the Yakap Bayan: Community Mobilization and Support Program initiated a number of activities such as community outreach, medical and dental missions, community-based drug rehabilitation and food for work programs, among others.

Increasing potential growth

To sustain the Region’s economic growth in the long-term, strategies on increasing the growth potential through innovation and advancing technology are being pursued. This includes science and technology interventions such as grants-in-aid community-based projects, trainings, technology forums, and testing and calibration services, among others. To stimulate innovation, more innovations centers will be established in collaboration with state colleges in universities in the region where the facilities will be housed. Increasing the number of adopters of new technology will lead to an increase in number of commercialized local products and improved productivity.

Enabling and supportive economic environment

As a result of continuous efforts by the government and the private sector in generating more investments and quality employment, the region’s economy continued to grow at 7.3 percent in 2018. The Region’s employment (94.2 percent) and underemployment (11.4 percent) are within target due to availability of jobs in the region.

Meanwhile, mitigating measures need to be effective with the implementation of the TRAIN Package 2. To make the country’s business environment more engaging and conducive to local and foreign investors, the ease of doing business will continue to be enhanced by the whole bureaucracy through the implementation of Republic Act No. 11032 or the Ease of Doing Business and Efficient Government Service Delivery Act.

16 Chapter 4: REGIONAL DEVELOPMENT PLAN 2017-2022 FRAMEWORK AND HEADLINE TARGETS

Foundations for sustainable development

In support to the CALABARZON Spatial Strategy, the RDP identifies strategies to balance economic growth and ecological integrity. DPWH has implemented various transportation projects in 2019 such as the construction of bypass and diversion roads and flood control projects to mitigate or minimize the effects of natural calamities i.e., flooding incidences in the low-lying areas in the region.

Several masterplans have been completed or will be formulated to provide a blueprint for the development of water resources, drainage and transport systems in the country and in CALABARZON. These are the Philippine Water Supply and Sanitation Masterplan, CALABARZON Flood Risk Assessment Study and the Philippine Transportation System Master Plan. The adoption and implementation of these masterplans are crucial for the sustained growth and development of the region.

On public order and safety, the average monthly index crime rate in 2019 decreased to 3.41 percent from 4.73 percent in 2018. On peace and security, the number of rebel returnees increased from 24 in 2018 to 90 in 2019, providing a peaceful and sustainable environment for development. (See 2018 RDR Chapter 17 Attaining Just and Lasting Peace and Chapter 18 Ensuring National Security, Public Order, and Safety)

Chapter 4: REGIONAL DEVELOPMENT PLAN 2017-2022 FRAMEWORK 17 AND HEADLINE TARGETS

18 Chapter 4: REGIONAL DEVELOPMENT PLAN 2017-2022 FRAMEWORK AND HEADLINE TARGETS

Chapter 5 Ensuring People-Centered, Clean and Efficient Governance

Good governance is necessary for socio-economic development. A people-centered, clean and efficient governance requires anti-corruption measures, seamless delivery of service, engagement of empowered citizenry, and civil service accountability.

This Chapter highlights the accomplishments in gaining the people’s trust in the government. It examines government efficiency in delivering public services and measures participative governance.

Figure 5.1. Strategic Framework towards Ensuring People-centered, Clean, and Efficient Governance

Chapter 5: ENSURING PEOPLE-CENTERED, CLEAN AND EFFICIENT GOVERNANCE 19

Accomplishments

Empowering and engaging with citizenry

Full representation of Civil Society Organizations to the LDCs. The Region maintained the representation of civil society organizations (CSOs) in all Local Development Councils (LDCs). Capability development trainings were provided to strengthen the participation of CSOs in the LDCs. In 2019, DILG Region IV-A conducted orientations on the Guidelines on Accreditation of CSOs and Selection of Representative to the Local Special Bodies to all DILG Field Officers in the region who in turn oriented the CSOs in each LGU. These trainings resulted in the strong and active involvement of CSOs in the local councils.

Complete LGU compliance to Full Disclosure Policy. Since 2016, all LGUs in the Region were compliant to the Full Disclosure Policy through portal posting, and posting in conspicuous places. This ensures that the public is well informed on government policies and performance in the delivery of public goods and services. LGUs’ compliance to the Full Disclosure Policy was facilitated with the implementation of DILG Management System, strong coordinating mechanisms with concerned partner agencies/Local Governance Regional Resource Center members, and through the Seal of Good Local Governance (SGLG), wherein Full Disclosure Policy compliance is one of the indicators.

Monitoring of LGUs’ feedback mechanism increased. Gathering citizen’s feedback is required for all government agencies to get the satisfaction level of the public on government service. The DILG adopted the Citizen Satisfaction Index Survey (CSIS) as a tool in assessing the effectiveness of basic public services of local government. In 2019, five municipalities (Bauan in Batangas, Rosario in Cavite, Pakil in Laguna, Mauban in Quezon, and Binangonan in Rizal) were assessed by the DILG on the effectiveness of their feedback mechanisms compared to only three municipalities (Pagbilao in Quezon, Pagsanjan in Laguna, and Magallanes in Cavite) in 2018. All cities were also assessed on the effectiveness of their feedback mechanisms. The increase was due to a higher budget approved by DILG Central Office on the implementation and monitoring of CSIS of LGUs.

Institutionalization of Citizen Participatory Audit (CPA) in all LGUs and National Agencies. The Commission on Audit introduced the Citizen Participatory Audit in 2012 to provide a mechanism for collectively answering questions regarding government’s efficient and effective use of public funds. COA Region IV-A has no validated accomplishment report on the institutionalization of CPA in all LGUs and national government agencies. The CPA is a priority program founded on the premise that public accountability can prosper only with the involvement of vigilant citizens. All matters and activities in connection with the said program are specifically spearheaded and undertaken through the supervision of the Director of the Project Management Office of the Commission. Coordination by various COA Regional Offices is only upon direction by the said Office.

Achieving seamless service delivery

Consistent top awardee in the Cities and Municipalities Competitiveness Index. In the 2019 Cities and Municipalities Competitiveness Index (CMCI) survey, LGUs in CALABARZON once again proved their efficiency and effectiveness in delivering

20 Chapter 5: ENSURING PEOPLE-CENTERED, CLEAN AND EFFICIENT GOVERNANCE government services and creating a conducive environment for local development by besting more than 1,500 LGUs. Four CALABARZON LGUs bagged the top spots in Overall Competitiveness – Provinces, Component Cities, and 1st and 2nd Class Municipalities categories; Resiliency Pillar – Component Cities and 3rd to 6th Class Municipalities categories; Economic Dynamism – Component Cities category; and Government Efficiency Pillar – Component Cities,1st& 2nd Class Municipalities, and 3rd to 6th Class Municipalities categories. The awards received by the Region doubled from 12 in 2018 to 25 out of 75 awards in 2019 with Rizal Province being the most competitive province for the fourth straight year because of the high ranking received by its LGUs.

Table 5.1. 2019 CMCI CALABARZON Awards. LGU Rank Overall Competitiveness (Provinces) Rizal 1st Laguna 2nd Cavite 3rd Overall Competitiveness (Component Cities) Antipolo City, Rizal 1st Calamba City, Laguna 2nd Santa Rosa City, Laguna 3rd Overall Competitiveness (1st& 2nd Class Municipalities) Cainta, Rizal 1st Taytay, Rizal 2nd Resiliency Pillar (3rd to 6th Class Municipalities) Pagsanjan, Laguna 2nd Resiliency Pillar (1st& 2nd Class Municipalities) Binangonan, Rizal 2nd San Mateo, Rizal 3rd Resiliency Pillar (Component Cities) Antipolo City, Rizal 1st Economic Dynamism (1st& 2nd Class Municipalities) Cainta, Rizal 3rd Economic Dynamism (Component Cities) General Trias City, Cavite 1st Calamba City, Laguna 2nd Batangas City, Batangas 3rd Government Efficiency Pillar (3rd to 6th Class Municipalities) Taal, Batangas 2nd Government Efficiency Pillar (1st& 2nd Class Municipalities) Cainta, Rizal 1st Taytay, Rizal 2nd Silang, Cavite 3rd Government Efficiency Pillar (Component Cities) Antipolo City, Rizal 1st Santa Rosa City, Laguna 3rd Infrastructure Pillar (1st& 2nd Class Municipalities) Cainta, Rizal 2nd

Chapter 5: ENSURING PEOPLE-CENTERED, CLEAN AND EFFICIENT GOVERNANCE 21

Taytay, Rizal 3rd Infrastructure Pillar (Component Cities) Antipolo City, Rizal 2nd Source: DTI Region IV-A

The LGUs’ participation in the CMCI and improvements in local competitiveness were facilitated through the continuous orientations and trainings on the CMCI capture forms conducted through the Regional and Provincial Competitiveness Councils.

Decreased and Unmet Target on Validated Streamlined Business Permit and Licensing System. The number of LGUs validated on the performance of Business Permit and Licensing System (BPLS) further decreased from 12 LGUs in 2018 to only 8 LGUs in 2019. The DILG Region IV-A was not able to meet the target on BPLS monitoring set by their Central Office due to limited downloaded funds. However, DILG Region IV-A continuously conducts capacity development of LGUs on BPLS.

LGUs capacitated on electronic BPLS. LGUs capacitated with electronic BPLS increased from 9 in 2018 to 10 in 2019. The DILG Region IV-A was able to meet the target set by their Central Office on e-BPLS due to the strong coordinating mechanisms to concerned partner agencies, Local Governance Regional Resource Center members like DTI, academe, DICT, etc.

Increased recipients of the Seal of Good Local Governance. The Seal of Good Local Governance is a progressive assessment system that gives LGUs distinction for their remarkable performance across various governance areas such as Financial Administration, Disaster Preparedness, Social Protection, Peace and Order, Business-Friendliness and Competitiveness, Environmental Management, and Tourism, Culture and the Arts. Despite the stringent assessment criteria, 33 LGUs in CALABARZON were conferred with the SGLG recognition in 2019 which is higher than the 24 LGUs in 2018. CALABARZON is the second top region with the most passers next to Region II. The region’s good performance can be attributed to the effective cross-posting of the Regional Assessment Teams (RAT) at the provincial level who conducted validation and certification of evidence in municipalities and cities through documentary review, interview and onsite inspection. The RAT is composed of DILG personnel, CSOs and selected NGAs.

Table 5.2. CALABARZON LGUs conferred with SGLG in 2019. Provinces Laguna Quezon Rizal Municipalities Batangas (Bauan and Taal) Cavite (Carmona, Magallanes, Maragondon, Mendez, Naic and Rosario) Laguna (Kalayaan, Paete,Pakil, Pagsanjan and Santa Cruz) Quezon (Guinayangan, Gumaca, Panukulan, Sampaloc and Mauban) Rizal (Angono, Binangonan, Tanay and Taytay) Cities Antipolo, Rizal Cavite (Bacoor, Dasmariñas, Imus)

22 Chapter 5: ENSURING PEOPLE-CENTERED, CLEAN AND EFFICIENT GOVERNANCE

Laguna (Biñan, Calamba, San Pedro and Santa Rosa) Source: DILG, retrieved from http://www.pna.gov.ph/articles/1050022

Enhancing administrative governance

LGUs Compliant with Public Financial Management Standards. In 2019, 79 percent of LGUs in CALABARZON were compliant with the assessed Public Financial Management Systems, lower than the 93 percent in 2018. Some LGUs were not able to reconstitute their Public Financial Management Teams right after the election, thereby resulting in low turn-out on Public Financial Management compliance. These LGUs implemented corresponding Public Financial Management improvement measures that served as basis in the release of funds under the GAA Local Government Support Fund, and other assistance from the National Government.

Improving anti-corruption initiatives

COA Findings with Cash Shortages Forwarded to OMB for Filing of Appropriate Charges Decreased. In 2019, two findings with cash shortages were forwarded to OMB compared to four findings in 2018. The decrease was due to the strict monitoring on government operation management to curb corruption.

Moreover, the DILG’s Bantay Korapsyon Program encourages the involvement and participation of various stakeholders to fight corruption down to the grassroots level. Airing of complaints through Hotline 8888, the Presidential Complaint Center, and walk-in complaints will reduce corrupt practices, and raise the probability of catching corrupt officials.

Moving Forward

The implementation of RA 11032, known as, “Ease of Doing Business and Efficient Government Service Delivery Act of 2018” provides a program for the adoption of simplified requirements and procedures that will reduce red tape and expedite business and non-business related transactions in government. Recently, ARTA launched its flagship program, the National Effort for the Harmonization of Efficient Measures for Inter-related Agencies (NEHEMIA). It targets to reduce the time, cost, requirements, and procedures in sectors of economic and social significance by 52 percent within 52 weeks. NEHEMIA is pursuant to Rule III Section 3 of the Implementing Rules and Regulations of Republic Act 11032 which mandates ARTA to adopt a whole-of-government approach in the streamlining of government services. It is also aligned with the recently released Administrative Order 23: Eliminating Overregulation to Promote Efficiency of Government Processes signed by President Rodrigo Roa Duterte last February 21, 2020.

The enactment of Republic Act 11292 or the Seal of Good Local Governance Act will promote continuous improvement of LGUs’ performance and ensure continuous funding of the program. Under the Act, an LGU can only qualify for the SGLG awards if it passes the ten criteria stipulated under the Act. Included in the 10 criteria are: good fiscal or financial administration or financial sustainability; health compliance and responsiveness; disaster preparedness; social protection and sensitivity program; programs for sustainable education;

Chapter 5: ENSURING PEOPLE-CENTERED, CLEAN AND EFFICIENT GOVERNANCE 23 business friendliness and competitiveness; safety, and peace and order; environmental management; tourism, culture and arts; and youth development programs.

Recommendations

Challenges Recommended Strategies Implementing Agency Sustaining/Improvement of Continuous conduct of orientation on competitiveness and CMCI CMCI forms LGUs, PCC, RCC ranking of more LGUs Strengthening of Provincial Competitiveness Council

Formulation/Use in-depth analysis on CMCI rankings of LGUs Limited funds for monitoring Harmonization of regional and national DILG compliance to Business targets by DILG Central Office and Permits and Licensing regional offices System Provision of adequate funds to deliver DILG targets on BPLS Expanded SGLG criteria Close coordination with NGAs/RLAs to DILG, LGUs, concerned meet the requirements of SGLG agencies Increase LGUs’ compliance to Continuous or regular DBM, DILG, LGUs PFM standards orientation/trainings (through the use of technology) to LGUs on PFM processes, standards/requirements

Provide PFM orientation to Chief Local Executives, especially those newly- elected, with the local finance committees, on the importance and objectives of PFM

Feedback and monitor PFM practices of LGUs

24 Chapter 5: ENSURING PEOPLE-CENTERED, CLEAN AND EFFICIENT GOVERNANCE

Chapter 6 Swift and Fair Administration of Justice

An efficient and effective judicial system likewise provides a conducive environment for economic growth. Judicial reforms measured through rate and time of disposition cases, jail congestion rate, and ratio of pending cases to population are essential links to economic indicators such as business dynamics and foreign direct investments. The outcomes of the developments in the judicial system are crucial in gaining the trust of the people towards the government.

In CALABARZON, the justice system improved in terms of granting favourable disposition, strengthening rights protection of vulnerable sectors, providing assistance to cases filed, releasing of inmates on time, providing additional facilities to decongest jails and detention centers, reducing re-offending rate among convicted offenders, and reducing all forms of violence and related death rates everywhere. However, improvements on the judicial processes and procedures are critical to ensure attainment of swift and fair administration of justice in the region.

Figure 6.1 Strategic Framework on Swift and Fair Administration of Justice

Chapter 6: SWIFT AND FAIR ADMINISTRATION OF JUSTICE 25

Accomplishments

Enhancing civil, criminal, commercial and administrative justice systems

Increased grant of favorable dispositions. In 2019, favorable dispositions increased to 85.76 percent from 78.35 percent in 2018. Majority of these favorable dispositions include the accused being convicted to a lesser offense (66 percent), cases provisionally dismissed (11 percent), cases dismissed with prejudice (10 percent), acquitted (4 percent), and criminal cases dropped for preliminary investigation (4 percent). The adoption of the plea bargaining arrangement in drug cases contributed to the attainment of the target of 0.05 percent increase annually. Other contributing factors were the implementation of the amendment of RA 10951, known as, “The Revised Penal Code”, in which, the amount or value of property and damage of which a penalty is based and the fines imposed are adjusted.

Table 6.1 Disposition of Cases, 2016 to 2019. Year Number of Cases Favorable Percentile Favorable Unfavorable Total Disposition Rate Increase 2016 46,012 18,488 64,500 71.34% - 2017 47,668 19,048 66,716 71.45% 0.11% 2018 63,596 17,569 81,165 78.35% 6.90% 2019 61,263 10,172 71,435 85.76% 7.41% Source: DOJ-PAO Region IV-A

Strengthened women, children, LGBTI, PWD and IP’s rights protection. The assisted and investigated cases related to women and children’s rights significantly increased in 2019. This was due to the implementation of the Philippine’s Gender Ombudsman Guidelines which mandated the Commission on Human Rights to ensure the promotion and protection of women’s rights and to investigate on all violations of human rights against women. Meanwhile, there were two LGBTI cases and 11 PWD cases assisted in 2019 in support to the campaign for the passage of the Anti-Discrimination Bill on Sexual Orientation, Gender Identity and Expression, and Sex Characteristics (SOGIESC). Activities and services provided include information, advocacy and trainings, financial support, legal assistance and referrals, issuance of human rights policy advisories, and conduct of community-based dialogues.

26 Chapter 6: SWIFT AND FAIR ADMINISTRATION OF JUSTICE

Figure 6.2 Number of Assisted Women, Children, LGBTI, PWD and IP Cases. Year/Category Women Children LGBTI PWDs IP 2017 371 55 - - - 2018 434 71 - - - 2019 867 91 2 11 1 Source: CHR Region IV-A

Out of the 867 docketed women related cases, 272 were gender-related or gender-based violence. The top three nature of cases docketed as shown in Figure 6.2 were on legal assistance such as concerns on land disputes, financial support inquiries and labor, rape, and other uncategorized cases. Meanwhile, Figure 6.3 shows the top three nature of cases involving child victims such as rape, sexual harassment and Violation Against Women and Children (VAWC) which covered 84 percent female child victims. Unfortunately, the number of rape cases in the Region increased both for women and children. The cases on LGBTI were on extra judicial killings, while on PWDs were rape, illegal arrest and detention, and maltreatment. IPs were also assisted on their case against the construction of Kaliwa Dam in Quezon.

Figure 6.2 Nature of Gender-Based Violence Cases

96 56 33 11 10 10 10 6 5 5 4 4 3 3 3 2 2 2 2 1 1 1 1 1

Source: CHR Region IV-A

Figure 6.3 Nature of Cases Involving Child Victims 46

8 8 7 7 4 3 3 2 1 1 1

Source: CHR Region IV-A

Improving sector efficiency and accountability

Increased qualified inmates released on time. The strengthening of paralegal services and implementation of plea-bargaining rules facilitated the released of qualified inmates on time. In 2019, qualified inmates released increased by 15.4 percent from 14,152 in 2018 to 16,333 inmates. On the campaign against illegal drugs, the Supreme Court had ordered all trial courts to adopt a new plea-bargaining framework that would allow an accused to plead guilty to a lesser offense for a lighter penalty.

Chapter 6: SWIFT AND FAIR ADMINISTRATION OF JUSTICE 27

Decreased jail congestion rate. The congestion rate of jail facilities in CALABARZON decreased from 622 percent in 2018 to 508 percent in 2019 surpassing the region’s target which is 823.35 percent. The completion of new jail facilities in Teresa, Rizal and in Trece Martirez City and Naic, Cavite increased higher inmate capacity (Table 6.4) in those areas. Moreover, improvement in the case review processes and proceedings of plea bargaining and implementation of GCTA thru intensified paralegal efforts, and better implementation of relevant laws contributed in decongesting jail and detention facilities in the region.

However, not all constructed jail facilities have been used because other jail site facilities, such as perimeter fence, guard house, etc., are still to be constructed since these have a separate budget from the jail building, according to BJMP.

Table 6.3 Constructed Jail Facilities, 2017-2019. Indicator Baseline 2017 2018 2019 (2016) Number of jail facilities constructed 0 2 12 6 · Cavite 0 0 5 3 · Laguna 0 0 1 0 · Batangas 0 0 3 1 · Rizal 0 2 1 1 · Quezon 0 0 2 1 Number of constructed jail facilities being 0 0 2 7 used · Cavite 0 0 0 3 · Laguna 0 0 0 1 · Batangas 0 0 0 1 · Rizal 0 0 2 0 · Quezon 0 0 0 2 Total number of existing jail facilities 42 44 52 52 Source: BJMP Region IV-A

The top three most congested detention facilities in the region as shown in Figure 6.5 are the Cainta Municipal Jail Male Dorm (2,831 percent), Tanay Municipal Jail (2,685 percent) and Dasmarinas City Jail Male Dorm (2,459 percent). The crude mortality rate in the Region’s jail facilities increased from 0.10 percent in 2016 to 0.19 percent in 2019 mainly due to increasing number of PDL with existing health issues such as tuberculosis, according to the BJMP. Crude mortality rate is the ratio of the number of deaths occurring within one year to the mid-year population expressed per 1,000 population of which all ages are represented and does not take into account the variations in risks of dying at particular ages. Though the crude mortality rate in the Region increased, it is still below the critical level of more than 0.40 percent based on the United Nations’Standards.

28 Chapter 6: SWIFT AND FAIR ADMINISTRATION OF JUSTICE

Figure 6.4 Most Congested Detention Facilities in the Region

Source: BJMP Region IV-A

Decrease in reoffending rate among convicted offenders. The reoffending rate among probationers and the Juvenile In Conflict with the Law (JICL), and the parolees and pardonees decreased from 0.75 percent in 2018 to 0.55 percent in 2019. This improvement can be attributed to the conduct of the Therapeutic Community Modality Rehabilitation Program to ensure that clients’ needs are being addressed while still under the realm of the agency and helping the client to change from “wrong living to right living”, making them productive again and reintegrated in the community.

Increased Rate of parolees/offenders compliant to the terms and conditions of probation/parole. Compliance of the parolees/offenders on all the terms and conditions specified in their probation orders and/or discharge on parole increased from 99.24 percent in 2018 to 99.44 percent in 2019. While on probation or parole, the conduct of Therapeutic Community Modality, coupled with individual and family counseling, close coordination and support from various LGUs and anti-drug abuse councils/groups, and tapping of resources from various government agencies such as TESDA, Local DSWD, DDB, DOLE, DOH, BJMP, BOF, PNP, and DepEd, non-government organizations, and radio stations contributed in lessening the occurrence of re-offending and full compliance to probation orders.

Achieving Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) on just, peaceful, and inclusive societies. In line with SDG Goal 16 which is to promote just, peaceful and inclusive societies, countries are encouraged to promote the rule of law at the national and international levels and ensure equal access to justice for all. One of SDG 16’s target is to significantly reduce all forms of violence and related death rates everywhere. in the region, both the number of homicide and murder cases went down in 2019 (See Chapter 18: Ensuring Security, Public Order, and Safety).

Moving Forward Construction, rehabilitation and renovation of jail and detention facilities, and timely facilitation and resolution of cases will help decongest the detention facilities in the Region which is still far higher than the ideal jail capacity which is 1 inmate per 30 sq. m. Thus, LGUs are encouraged to donate LGU-owned lots for the establishment and expansion of jail facilities and detention centers.

The proper allocation and utilization of budget for the operation of jail facilities will have a big impact on the improvement of jail facilities including provision of food, bunk beds, and proper ventilation to inmates.

Chapter 6: SWIFT AND FAIR ADMINISTRATION OF JUSTICE 29

Though the Plea Bargaining contributed to the decongestion of jail facilities, and resulted in the faster processing of drug-related cases, it is proposed to review the Administrative Matter (AM) No. 18-03-16-SC which states the Plea-Bargaining Framework implementation in drug cases is subject to the discretion of the judge. Plea Bargaining allows an accused to plead guilty to a lesser offense for a lighter penalty. The AM can have a negative effect with the unforseen and influx in the number of offenders transferred to probation which cannot be accommodated due to limited rehabilitation facilities, staff, and budget.

Recommendations Challenges Recommended Strategies Implementing Agency Fragmented institutional and Institutionalize the Regional DOJ, Regional Development legal framework of the justice Justice Sector Coordinating Council (RDC) system that hinders the effective Council coordination among justice sector institutions Streamline investigation and DOJ, BJMP, LGU prosecutorial and case management processes to expedite administration of justice

Establish unified database system

Review and harmonize the institutional and legal framework on penology and corrections Heavy caseload and congestion Further review and amendments SC, DOJ, DILG, BJMP, PAO, in jails and prisons of existing penal laws, its PNP corresponding penalties and criminal procedures specifically on other cases

Mandatory implementation of plea bargaining

Increase in budget for construction of more jail facilities

Enhance implementation of Alternative Dispute Resolution Conduct study on personnel complementation in justice sector Insufficient maintenance of jail Increase budget allocation for DOJ, LGUs, BJMP, DBM facilities operations and maintenance

Hire additional personnel

Invest in ICT system (i.e. CCTV, computer systems) to ease

30 Chapter 6: SWIFT AND FAIR ADMINISTRATION OF JUSTICE

Challenges Recommended Strategies Implementing Agency burden on monitoring and managing the facilities and inmates Newly constructed jail buildings Fast-track the budget approval BJMP, DBM are not readily utilized and construction of remaining jail facilities of already constructed but unutilized jail buildings

Allocate and budget for complete set of jail facilities including site development Insufficient health & isolation Allocate isolation space for sick LGUs, BJMP facilities for sick PDLs in jails PDLs to minimize spread of diseases and lower crude mortality in jail facilities Lack of After-care Program for Operationalize local intervention RDC, concerned agencies, former offenders (cases other for rehabilitation of former LGUs than drug-related) offenders

Chapter 6: SWIFT AND FAIR ADMINISTRATION OF JUSTICE 31

32 Chapter 6: SWIFT AND FAIR ADMINISTRATION OF JUSTICE

Chapter 7 Promoting Philippine Culture and Values

This Chapter presents the critical role of culture and values in enhancing the region’s social fabric and highlights the 2019 accomplishments on culture development and values promotion as well as the facilitating and hindering factors in meeting the targets.

Figure 7.1. Strategic Framework to Promote Philippine Culture and Values

Chapter 7: PROMOTING PHILIPPINE CULTURE AND VALUES 33

Accomplishments

Philippine culture and values promoted

Culture components included in the development plans. The inclusion of the chapter on culture development and values promotion in the Regional Development Plan 2017-2022 contributed to the mainstreaming of culture and values by recognizing their critical roles in development. Strategies and policy recommendations were provided to enhance and support the programs and projects of national government agencies and LGUs in culture development and values promotion.

Moreover, culture development was also integrated in the Provincial Development Plans of Batangas, Cavite, and Laguna. The Province of Laguna has mainstreamed culture in their Provincial Tourism Development Plan while there is an ongoing formulation of Batangas Provincial Tourism Development Plan.

In 2019, there were 54 comprehensive development plans (CDPs) which included the topic of culture as part of development as compared to 21 CDPs in 2018. The inclusion of culture in the local plans can be attributed to the strong collaboration between LGUs and the DILG in plan formulation. The creation of tourism, history, culture and arts councils, and involvement of civil society organizations in the preparation and review facilitated the integration of culture in the local plans. The CDP-Technical Assessment Committee also ensured that culture and arts are in the plans. Furthermore, the inclusion of culture and the arts sub-area in the 2019 Seal of Good Local Governance (SGLG) “All-in” assessment criteria contributed to the mainstreaming of the culture and the arts development and activities at the local level.

Our diverse cultures valued

IKSPs documented. Indigenous Knowledge System and Practices (IKSP) documentation is part of the Ancestral Domains Sustainable Development and Protection Plan of the National Commission on Indigenous People. Yhree researches on IKSP was conducted in the Province Rizal in 2019.

Inculcating values that foster the common good. Understanding Filipino values is key in defining and making sense of people’s social and behavioral patterns, and strengthening common identity towards national and regional goals. The National Commission on Culture and the Arts (NCCA) completed the study identifying the core and sectoral Filipino values. Results of the national study identified 19 core values. The following are the top five core values particular to the CALABARZON Region: 1) health and wellness; 2) family; 3) education; 4) work and livelihood; and 5) self.

Cities and municipalities with cultural mapping increased. Cultural mapping is a tool to document and identify tangible and intangible assets in the community. The number of LGUs with cultural mapping increased from 3 in 2018 to 7 in 2019. Five out of the seven LGUs are still conducting their cultural mapping while the two LGUs have completed their cultural mapping in 2019. As of March 2020, the LGUs which completed cultural mapping are the cities of Sta. Rosa and Biñan in Laguna. Meanwhile, the following LGUs have ongoing cultural mapping projects: 1) Imus City; 2) Calamba City; 3) Padre Burgos; Quezon; 4) Infanta; Quezon; and 5) Rodriguez, Rizal. This increase can be attributed to the technical assistance of

34 Chapter 7: PROMOTING PHILIPPINE CULTURE AND VALUES the NCCA in the conduct of cultural mapping and the capacity building for the cultural mapping teams.

Number of local festivities increased. Ninety-one local festivities were held in the Provinces of Batangas, Cavite and Quezon. These festivities are part of the annual festivals of LGUs in cooperation with culture and arts councils, civil society organizations, private sectors and academe. The financial assistance from the provincial governments and utilization of local funds of the LGUs facilitated the increased number of local festivities conducted. The support of the private sector through sponsorship and tie-up programs in celebration of local festivities also contributed to the sustained number of local festivities celebrated.

Pagkamalikhain values of creative excellence advanced

Established arts organizations and councils increased. The total number of local culture and arts councils and arts organizations in the Provinces of Batangas, Cavite and Quezon increased from 61 in 2018 to 82 in 2019. The conduct of activities involving local artists and arts organizations and the involvement of culture and arts groups in planning of LGUs’ calendar of activities contributed to this improved performance. The re-organization and activation of the Cavite Provincial Council for Culture and the Arts as an umbrella organization also contributed to the improved performance of the province.

Cultural sites identified. There are 342 identified cultural sites in the Region in 2018 as reported in the Philippine Registry of Cultural Property of the NCCA. As of 2019, there are 1,334 cultural properties registered from CALABARZON, of which, 288 are declared cultural properties by both national cultural agencies and LGUs.

Arts academies and schools established. The Batangas Province High School for Culture and Arts was established in Batangas Province. A school in Angono, Rizal and the Batangas City High School for the Arts implement a special curriculum for the arts.

Culture-sensitive public governance and development strengthened

Formal agreements for cultural initiatives created. In 2018, five formal agreements for inter-agency support for cultural initiatives were reported. Two of these agreements have been completed, namely: Curating the South Luzon and the Mauban Words and their Historico- Cultural Origins, and Contextualizing Local History Writing through Existing Cultural Practices and Icons of Mauban. The following are the on-going cultural initiatives as of March 2020: 1) Development of Taal, Batangas Municipal Built Heritage Inventory; 2) Development of General Trias, Cavite Municipal Built Heritage Inventory; and 3) As-Built Plans for Silang Church Complex.

In 2019, there were five formal agreements for cultural initiatives which were mainly on cultural performances. These agreements were partnerships among the provincial government, private sectors, and academe. The following are the cultural activities initiated: 1) Turumba 2019 Marching Band Competition; 2) PAMANA: The Philippine History in Movement; 3) Ang Ibong Liw-liw at Tsinelas ni Gat Tayaw; 4) May Isang Oble (Isang Dulang Musikal); and 5) Establishment of Munting Aklatan sa Barangay.

Chapter 7: PROMOTING PHILIPPINE CULTURE AND VALUES 35

Support funding from the Tourism Infrastructure and Enterprise Zone Authority also facilitated the completion of cultural sites in the Province of Cavite.

Awarding and incentives system for cultural initiatives established. There are two LGUs with institutionalized awarding and incentive systems for cultural initiatives, the Province of Batangas with the Batangas Culture and Arts Council Award and the Province of Quezon with Galing Sining Gawad ng Quezon Award.

Moving Forward

The CALABARZON Regional Development Council created the Sub-Committee on Culture to address the pressing issues on culture such as limited data and statistics, gaps in the integration of culture in education and other relevant sectors, and creation of policies and mechanisms for culture development. The Committee set forth activities supportive to the objectives and strategies identified in the Updated Regional Development Plan 2017-2022 and to the results of the Orientation on Culture and Culture Summit conducted in 2019.

The protection and preservation of the indigenous people (IP) communities and their ancestral domains are important to the development of culture as the IPs are considered the standard bearers of our culture and history. Thus, the inclusion of their issues and concerns in the priority strategies of the chapter will provide a more holistic view of culture preservation and development. Membership of IPs in local councils, as well as their attendance to socio- economic meetings, will give them the opportunity to take part in various levels of decision making.

Local government units are considered as one of the prime movers of culture development and values promotion at the sub-national level. Hence, the support of local chief executives (LCEs) in the implementation of programs and projects and in the institutionalization of policies geared towards culture development and values promotion is important. The SGLG “All-in” criteria will encourage the LGUs to support culture and arts initiatives.

Recommendations

The accomplishments of the culture sector in the Region are positive indications but with several areas for improvement. The following challenges and recommended strategies were identified to further advance the integration and development of culture in the region.

Challenges Recommended Strategies Implementing Agencies Mainstreaming culture Capacitate local planners in the NCCA, LGUs components in the provincial integration of culture in the plans development plans, and programs comprehensive development plans, and comprehensive land Increase awareness of local chief use plans executives on the relation between culture and development, and its importance on sustainable and inclusive growth

36 Chapter 7: PROMOTING PHILIPPINE CULTURE AND VALUES

Integrate Ancestral Domain Sustainable and Development Plan in local development plan particularly to those with Indigenous Peoples communities Increasing number of cities and Fast track provision of assistance NCCA, LGUs, PSOs/CSOs municipalities with cultural to LGUs mapping or culture inventory Link interested LGUs with private sectors for technical assistance Conduct training of trainers to create a resource pool on cultural mapping Increasing number of schools Integration of ADSDPP into local LGUs, NCCA, NCIP of living traditions and culture development plans bearers Conduct of cultural mapping Increasing the number of IKSP Forge collaboration among cultural NCIP, NCCA, Academe documentations conducted agencies, academe, and research institutions on documentation of IKSP and culture-related researches Increasing the number of inter- Increase awareness on the link of Government Offices, agency support for cultural culture and development Academe, LGUs, CSOs initiatives Forge collaboration among government agencies, academe, LGUs, and CSO in the conduct of cultural activities and initiatives

Chapter 7: PROMOTING PHILIPPINE CULTURE AND VALUES 37

38 Chapter 7: PROMOTING PHILIPPINE CULTURE AND VALUES

Chapter 8 Expanding Economic Opportunities In Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries

This Chapter presents the performance of the agriculture, fisheries and forestry (AFF) in the Region which remains an important growth driver as it provides employment and raw materials in the industry and services sectors. The performance of the sector was assessed in terms of achieving the targets in expanding economic opportunities in the AFF.

Overall, the AFF sector had a notable uptrend performance, mainly driven by the livestock and poultry subsector which constitutes more than half of the total output of the AFF. Despite the threat of the African Swine Fever (ASF) in the country, the Region remained as the second biggest producer of hogs in the country. Likewise, the Region ranks second in poultry production and the top producer of chicken eggs. Commercial and municipal fisheries production continued to decline but the sector was still able to post an increase due to the remarkable performance of aquaculture. Crops production declined due to El Niño phenomenon in the first semester and Typhoon Tisoy in December 2019.

Figure 8.1. Strategic Framework to Expand Economic Opportunities in Agriculture, Forestry, and Fisheries

Chapter 8: EXPANDING ECONOMIC OPPORTUNITIES IN AGRICULTURE, 39 FORESTRY & FISHERIES

Accomplishments

Fisheries Production Slightly Improved

There was a notable increase in the value of fisheries production as it grew by 2.7 percent in 2019 due to the good performance in aquaculture production. Aquaculture’s growth at 10 percent surpassed its target of 3 percent for 2019. The increase in aquaculture production is attributed to the positive performance in seaweed and white shrimp production. The significant increase in seaweed production is the result of the strong collaboration with the LGUs in the provision of support such as seaweed farm implements, seedlings, seaweed dryers, trainings and other technical assistance. On the other hand, the positive performance on the white shrimp production was brought about by the favorable environmental condition. In addition, the continuous technical assistance given to the marginal fisherfolks and operators, as well as the distribution of Tilapia and other ornamental fishes’ fingerlings contributed to the positive performance of the aquaculture sub-sector.

Table 8.1. Growth in Volume of Production of Fisheries in percent, 2018-2019. Commodities 2018 2019 Target Actual Target Actual a. Commercial 1.00 (17.89) 1.00 (12.00) b. Municipal 2.00 (9.56) 2.00 (1.70) c. Aquaculture 3.00 (11.32) 3.00 10.00

Meanwhile, activities related to commercial and municipal fisheries continue to be affected by the intensified enforcement of RA No. 10654 or An Act to Prevent, Deter and Eliminate Illegal, Unreported and Unregulated Fishing, which aims to address illegal, unreported and unregulated (IUU) fishing. The intensified campaign against IUU fishing resulted in reduced fishing activities which may have contributed to the decline of about 12 percent and 1.70 percent in the 2019 actual volume of commercial and municipal catch, respectively.

To address this concern, the government continues to distribute fish aggregating equipment to increase fish catch. The government is also promoting Benham Rise as a potential area for fishing ground of prime class of fish species. Likewise, there is an intensified operation against encroachment by commercial fishing boats into municipal waters where only small-scale fishermen are allowed to operate. There is also continuous distribution of gillnets, fish trap and other fishing paraphernalia to improve the fish catch of marginal fisherman. Lake seeding is being conducted as part of the implementation of Balik Sigla sa Ilog at Lawa (BASIL) Program to enhance fish stocks in inland water bodies.

Majority of Crop Production Declined

The grains subsector, which includes palay, white corn and yellow corn, produced less compared to the previous year. Palay yield at 3.69 metric tons per hectare is 4.61 percent less than the previous year’s performance, and is 5.40 percent short of the target for 2019. The decline in palay production, despite the intensified hybridization program of the government, is attributed to the drought during the first semester of 2019 brought about by El Niño and the devastation of Typhoon Tisoy in December 2019. In addition, there was a decline in the

40 Chapter 8: EXPANDING ECONOMIC OPPORTUNITIES IN AGRICULTURE, FORESTRY & FISHERIES harvested area as a result of a reduced cropping cycle due to the prolonged drought experienced in the first semester of 2019.

Table 8.2. Yield of Palay and Corn (metric ton/hectare). Commodities 2018 2019 Growth Rate (%) Target Actual Target Actual '18-'19 `'19T-'19A a. Palay 3.82 3.87 3.90 3.69 (4.61) (5.40) b. White Corn 2.39 1.70 2.42 1.69 (0.59) (30.31) C. Yellow Corn 4.64 3.82 4.74 3.34 (12.54) (29.49)

White corn and yellow corn yields were at 1.69 and 3.34 metric ton per hectare, and these were 0.59 and 12.54 percent below the previous year’s performance, respectively, resulting in the non-attainment of the 2019 targets. The decrease in corn yield was due to the effects of El Niño during the first semester of 2019 and the damages caused by Typhoon Tisoy in December. The infestation of the Fall Armyworm during the third quarter also affected corn production.

Similarly, the actual yields of major crops, such as, banana, pineapple, mango, sugarcane, coffee and cacao, among others, declined due to the drought caused by the El Niño phenomena in the first semester and the occurrence of Typhoon Tisoy in early December which affected the Region.

Notably, the abaca production in the Region posted a positive performance with a 140 percent increase in the yield from 0.02 metric tons per hectare in 2018 to 0.05 metric tons per hectare in 2019 which can be attributed to the strengthened coordination between the LGUs and the private sector in the region.

Livestock and Poultry subsector sustained its positive growth

Notwithstanding the ASF infestation, hog production increased by 3.66 percent from 381.59 metric tons in 2018 to 395.55 metric tons in 2019. The positive performance was attributed to the strong partnership and collaboration with the private sectors resulting in a sustained increase in hog production. The paiwi system and importation of piglets from other regions by some group of hog-raisers as well as the contract growing system carried out by some hog production cooperatives also contributed to the increased production. Moreover, government interventions under the Quick Response Fund were provided to the ASF-affected hog-raisers. The election period in the second quarter of 2019 was also one of the contributing factors in the increased demand for pork.

Table 8.3. Volume of Production in Hog and Chicken ('000 metric ton). Commodities 2018 2019 Growth Rate (%) Target Actual Target Actual `'18-'19 a. Hog increasing 381.59 Increasing 395.55 3.66 b. Chicken increasing 330.94 Increasing 343.27 3.72 c. Chicken Egg increasing 156.32 Increasing 174.94 11.91

Chicken and chicken egg production also increased to 343.27 metric tons and 174.94 metric tons, respectively. The positive growth can be attributed to the shift in consumer’s preference Chapter 8: EXPANDING ECONOMIC OPPORTUNITIES IN AGRICULTURE, 41 FORESTRY & FISHERIES due to the ASF scare resulting in a higher demand for chicken, and the increase in farm expansion. The performance was also supported by the strong collaboration between the government and the private sector. For the chicken eggs, the increase in production was attributed to the increase in the inventory of laying flock and expansion of some layer commercial farms.

Technical Support Services Increased

The number of fisherfolks provided with production support is 1,078 or about 24 percent more than the target of 868 fisherfolks in 2019. Production support included input assistance, technical assistance, trainings and techno-demo.

The share of registered small fisherfolks with preferential access to municipal waters over the total number of registered small fisherfolks decreased from 16.929 percent in 2018 to 15.43 percent in 2019 due to the 52 percent decrease in the 2019 budget intended for the registered fisherfolks. However, the target number of 5,781 registered fisherfolks provided with livelihood projects was surpassed with 5,842 registered fisherfolk beneficiaries in 2019.

In terms of technical support for AFF-enterprises, there were about 149 AFF-enterprises supported or 31 percent higher than the 114 target in 2019. The emphasis to market-oriented farming by the DA captured the interest among stakeholders resulting in additional farmer groups assisted because of their interests and intent to participate in market-related activities. On the other hand, the number of group beneficiaries provided with technical support services for the livestock sector was only 63 due to the reduction in the budget for the Livestock Program of DA under the General Appropriations Act of 2019.

In terms of the number of group beneficiaries, there were about 777 beneficiaries provided with agricultural and fishery machineries and equipment. It is 35.60 percent higher than the previous year and 281 percent higher than the 2019 target. The increase in the number of beneficiaries provided with agricultural and fishery machineries was attributed to the aggressive implementation of DA’s Mechanization Program.

AFF Research, Development, and Extension Activities Increased

On Research, Development, and Extension activities conducted, there were about 9,640 beneficiaries provided with extension services which were accomplished through an increased budget and the implementation of the Rice Competitiveness Enhancement Program. Also, there were about 5,005 beneficiaries provided by separate trainings conducted by the DA through the utilization of savings from other trainings. However, there was a significant decrease in the research and development budget, from PHP89.98 million in 2018 to PHP62 million in 2019.

Access to Innovative Financing Increased

The number of small farmers and fisherfolks with agricultural insurance totaled to 111,901 in 2019. It is 78.81 percent higher than the 62,581 small farmers and fisherfolks provided with agricultural insurance in 2018. The increase in the number of insurance beneficiaries can be attributed to the effective implementation of multiple programs and projects of various government agencies.

42 Chapter 8: EXPANDING ECONOMIC OPPORTUNITIES IN AGRICULTURE, FORESTRY & FISHERIES

Moving Forward

Over the years, the growth of the AFF sector was hampered by the impact of climate change, disasters and competing use of resources. This year’s performance emphasized the need to take actions to strongly address the sector’s vulnerabilities for it to be resilient and to grow.

Sustainable fisheries management. Annual monitoring reports cited weather conditions and illegal and unregulated fishing practices as factors in the declining fish production. Overfishing has led to decreasing fish catch. To ensure the sustainability of the sector, conservation measures such as the declaration of closed fishing season must be strictly implemented to allow fish stocks to grow. It is also necessary to ensure responsible fishing through strengthened collaborative law enforcement and management of coastal and marine areas, particularly against illegal, unreported, and unregulated fishing activities. Collaboration is necessary for the fishing industry to survive.

Collaboration is also needed in data collection to serve as a basis in formulating policies. Data on fish stocks will serve as basis in the implementation of the closed fishing policy while data on the point of origin to the destination of fisheries products will enable traceability and possibly eliminate the chances of IUU fishing and illegally–caught fish from entering the market.

Also, the continued production support such as provision of fishing gears/paraphernalia, fingerling production and distribution, provision of aquaculture trainings, establishment of techno demo farms from the government are needed to accelerate the growth of the fisheries sector. Other programs that should be continuously pursued include disease surveillance and monitoring, water quality monitoring, BASIL Program and seaweed development.

Disease Prevention for Livestock and Poultry. The livestock and poultry are the growth drivers of the AFF sector in the Region. Hence, they must be protected from animal and avian diseases. While the country has been at its comparative advantage over other ASEAN counterparts with its geographic location that allows for control of animal and avian diseases, border protection through checkpoints must be strengthened. In addition, biosecurity or practices that can control the spread of disease-causing organisms in livestock and poultry must be institutionalized especially at the local level as a preventive measure. The government has to continue providing production support services such as the Artificial Insemination Program and the establishment of multiplier farms or a scaled-up version of the dispersal program where animal stocks are distributed to the farmers to ensure productivity.

Sustained coconut production. The Region is a major producer of coconut, as such, programs and projects on productivity improvement will be continuously pursued such as the Accelerated Coconut Planting and Replanting Programs. Among the projects under the Program are the Participatory Coconut Planting Project and Coconut Seedlings Dispersal Project, Coconut Fertilization Project, and Coconut Hybridization Project. In parallel, partnerships with LGUs and state universities and colleges will be strengthened particularly in the implementation of programs and projects. Also, to support and improve coconut production, enterprise development and other special projects will be implemented.

Chapter 8: EXPANDING ECONOMIC OPPORTUNITIES IN AGRICULTURE, 43 FORESTRY & FISHERIES

Increase investments in research and development (R&D). Considering the increasing vulnerability of the AFF sector to climate change impacts, pests and diseases, and conflicting use of resources, there is a need for the effective utilization of production and post-harvest technologies. Such technologies can only be developed through extensive R&D. Thus, there is a need to increase government and private sector investments in R&D which will focus on climate- and disaster-responsive technologies and innovations, reduction of losses, maintain quality and food safety, and increase the value of agricultural and fishery commodities.

It is also important to increase government investments to cover the direct cost for R&D, build a critical mass of human resources and improve infrastructure in support of the Harmonized National R&D Agenda for Agriculture, Aquatic and Natural Resources 2017-2022. The Agenda espouses the use of advanced and emerging technologies such as biotechnology, genomics, bioinformatics, nanotechnology, and ICT as tools to find science and technology solutions to AFF problems or to develop new products with significant impact to the sector.

Enhance the capacity of small farmers and fisherfolk to adopt better and new technologies. Parallel to the increase in R&D investments and in anticipation of emerging technologies and information from such R&D activities, there is a need for capacity building activities implemented on the ground to ensure that R&D findings and available technologies will be successfully adopted by the target beneficiaries. Subsequently, the implementation of farm mechanization under the Intensified Farm Mechanization Program and the mechanization component under the Rice Competitiveness Enhancement Fund will result in the distribution of agri-fishery machineries that will require competency in machine operation.

Skills training, information dissemination and capacity building of both extension workers and farmers must be continuously strengthened. Technical assistance and trainings such as Farmers Field School can also serve as a venue to showcase success stories, best practices and introduce non-conventional farming methods to encourage more investors in the AFF as well as the youth and the retirees.

Promotion of Risk Insurance. Considering the sector’s vulnerability to climatic conditions, pests and diseases, agricultural insurance for subsistence farmers and fisherfolks to cover crop, livestock, fisheries and the non-crop agricultural assets will be made more accessible to protect from losses arising from natural calamities, plant diseases and pest infestations of crops. Innovative agricultural insurance schemes such as weather index-based and area-based yield index insurance will also be promoted. Additionally, to encourage farmers and fisherfolks to avail of risk insurance, awareness and appreciation of small farmers and fisherfolk on risk insurance will be improved through information dissemination.

Provide easy, fast, accessible, and affordable loan packages. Agricultural financing programs, such as the Kapital Assistance for Young Agripreneurs (KAYA) and the Agri-Negosyo Loan Program were launched in response to urgent sectoral needs to 1) encourage the youth to engage in agriculture and fisheries ventures, and 2) build the entrepreneurial mindset among our farmers and fishers. Eligible borrowers may finance their production, working capital and farm machinery requirements through these ACPC programs. Further, the Survival and Recovery (SURE) Loan Assistance Program continues to provide loan assistance to small farmers and fishers in times of calamities and other environmental or market shocks, to help them regain their capacity to continue their agricultural activities.

44 Chapter 8: EXPANDING ECONOMIC OPPORTUNITIES IN AGRICULTURE, FORESTRY & FISHERIES

Recommendations

In addition to the existing programs and projects, the following strategies are recommended to achieve the goal of expanding economic opportunities in the AFF:

Challenges Strategies Implementing Agencies Implementation of Promote close coordination and strengthen DA, BFAR, DENR, DOST and Fishery Laws cooperation among the LGUs and regional LGUs line agencies in the implementation of the policies particularly on fishery resource conservation Capacity of Farmers Conduct trainings and information DA, BFAR and ATI and Fisherfolks dissemination activities to empower farmers and fisherfolks especially in the adoption of new technologies. Farmers and fisherfolk participation will be encouraged in close coordination with the LGUs. Data Availability Establish a database on fishery, agricultural PSA, DA, BFAR and LGUs crops, livestock and poultry especially in the local levels to serve reference in the decision and policy making Monitoring and Strengthen monitoring to address the DA, BFAR and LGUs Evaluation limitations on database system. Evaluate existing programs and projects to identify which strategies will be continued and initiate for new strategies to be implemented Promotion of AFF Integrate agriculture subjects in school DA, BFAR, ATI, DepEd, CHED, curriculum to encourage student’s interest TESDA and LGUs in farming

Institutionalize vegetable gardening in schools and government offices (urban gardening) Coconut and Fiber Assert implementation of a sustainable and PhilFIDA, PCA Production productive farmer-participatory planting and replanting programs/projects particularly the coconut planting and replanting program

Establish more community-based coconut nurseries

Rehabilitate low-bearing coconut palm including those damaged by typhoons and Taal Volcano eruption through fertilization and replanting

Engage in mass production of single-cross high-quality and/or high yielding coconut

Chapter 8: EXPANDING ECONOMIC OPPORTUNITIES IN AGRICULTURE, 45 FORESTRY & FISHERIES

Challenges Strategies Implementing Agencies hybrids for distribution to coconut farmers and interested individuals.

Conduct intensive campaigns on abaca production

Establish Abaca Seed Derived Nurseries for the mass production of planting materials

Widen the intervention or assistance on other fibercrops available in the Region such buri, buntal, raffia and pandan Increase manpower Employ additional field personnel to provide DA, BFAR and LGUs technical assistance to more stakeholders and conduct monitoring. Decreasing Forestry Expansion of established tree plantations DENR-FMB Output Identification of forest investment areas

Delineation of production and protection forests

46 Chapter 8: EXPANDING ECONOMIC OPPORTUNITIES IN AGRICULTURE, FORESTRY & FISHERIES

Chapter 9 Economic Opportunities in Industry and Services

Sustaining the competitiveness of the industry sector in the local and global markets, and reducing inequality in economic opportunities would require expanding the access of MSMEs, cooperatives and Overseas Filipinos to economic opportunities. Thus, increasing local and foreign investment promotion, strengthening linkages and partnerships between private and government sectors, implementation of the Progressive Accreditation System, and involving the academe in consumer advocacy initiatives and campaigns are important.

Figure 9.1 Strategic Framework to Expand Economic Opportunities in Industry and Service

Chapter 9: ECONOMIC OPPORTUNITIES IN INDUSTRY AND SERVICES 47

Accomplishments

Economic Opportunities in Industry and Services Expanded

Industry

The performance of the industry sector was assessed in terms of investment, employment and exports (Table 9.1) against the previous year’s performance and plan targets. Employment increased in industrial parks and ecozones by 1.67 percent in 2019, however, this increase is lower than the plan target of 5 percent. Investments and exports were below the 2019 and target and were also below the 2018 level.

Decreased total approved investment. The Region’s total approved investments continued to decline in 2019, achieving only 93.43 percent or PHP42.47 billion of the PhP 45.45 billion target. The reasons for not achieving the target and under performance are due to the following reasons: 1) limited public investment; 2) capital-intensive private sector does not find it convenient to raise investment at the economy’s pace or not attractive as other investment destinations in ASEAN; 3) fast-growing businesses in the service sector do not need to rapidly increase investments; (d) pending tax reform measure (CITIRA) that intends to rationalize investment incentives such as tax holidays; and 4) policy uncertainties that affected the country’s business climate.

Despite the decrease in total approved investments, PEZA data showed that there was an increase in approved investments in two provinces. The Province of Laguna almost doubled the approved investments from PHP8.24 billion in 2018 to PHP13.83 billion in 2019, while the Province of Batangas has 12 percent increase in approved investment from PHP17.16 billion in 2018 to PHP19.18 billion in 2019. Meanwhile, significant decrease in approved investment is observed in the Provinces of Rizal and Cavite with 100 and 43 percent decrease in investments, respectively. There was no approved investment in the Province of Quezon since 2018.

Increased direct employment. Industrial parks and economic zones slightly increased their direct employment by 1.67 percent, employing an additional of 8,611 persons in 2019. The increase may be attributed to a number of factors like (1) good business climate, (2) status of peace and order, and (3) provision of technical assistance by government agencies like PEZA, the DOLE, and DTI to business firms. However, the 5 percent increase in employment target in 2019 was not attained due to decrease in investments.

The Province of Laguna led the other provinces in direct employment with 216,849 individuals employed while the Province of Quezon recorded the lowest at 1,888 direct employment in 2019. In terms of percent increase in direct employment, the Province of Rizal recorded the highest at 17.10 percent while Laguna is the lowest at negative 1.78 percent.

48 Chapter 9: ECONOMIC OPPORTUNITIES IN INDUSTRY AND SERVICES

Table 9.1 CALABARZON Results Matrix for 2017-2022, Total Investments, Employment and Export Sales Data. Indicators Baseline 2019 Percent Percent (2018) Achievement Change Value Target Actual (Actual vs (2018 & Target) 2019)

Total approved investments 5% increase increased (PhP M) 43,284.91 45,449.16 42,465.05 93.43 -1.89 Number of employment increased 5% increase from industrial park/economic zone and IT parks/BPO industrial parks 516,634.00 96.83 1.67 developed- Public 542,465.70 525,245.00

Exports increased (US$ M) 5% increase 28,627.24 30,058.60 27,643.65 91.97 -3.44 Source: PEZA

Table 9.2 Approved Investments in Million Pesos by Province, 2018 to 2019. Province 2018 2019 Growth Rate (%) Batangas 17,158.494 19,181.599 11.79 Cavite 16,548.700 9,457.184 -43.09 Laguna 8,237.219 13,826.266 67.85 Quezon - - - Rizal 1,304.500 0 -100.00 TOTAL 43,248.913 42,465.049 -1.812%

Source: PEZA

Table 9.3 Direct Employment by Province, 2018 to 2019. PROVINCE 2018 2019 Growth Rate Batangas 119,346 132,008 10.61 Cavite 168,860 167,768 -0.65 Laguna 220,788 216,849 -1.78 Quezon 1,891 1,888 -0.16 Rizal 5,749 6,732 17.10 TOTAL 516,634 525,245 1.67 Source: PEZA

Decreased export sales. The total amount of exports decreased by US$983.59 million or achieving only 95.24 percent of the target.

The decrease in export sales was driven by the decline in demand for manufactured goods and mineral products, and a slowdown in the exports of electronic products.

Chapter 9: ECONOMIC OPPORTUNITIES IN INDUSTRY AND SERVICES 49

The Province of Laguna remains to be the top exporter at US$15.86 billion followed by Batangas and Cavite at US$5.97 billion and US$5.69 billion, respectively.

Table 9.4 Export Sales by Province, 2017 to 2018 (US$ Million). PROVINCE 2018 2019 Growth Rate Batangas 5,611.701 5,969.822 6.38 Cavite 6,253.966 5,692.322 -8.98 Laguna 16,625.533 15,859.278 -4.61 Quezon 76.204 49.503 -35.04 Rizal 59.832 72.722 21.54 TOTAL 28,627.236 27,643.647 -3.44 Source: PEZA

In addition, the data on the three indicators that measure the performance of the industry subsector were derived from the ecozones operating in CALABARZON. There are 56 operating ecozones (Table 9.5), and 20 are newly proclaimed ecozones (Table 9.6) in the region.

Table 9.5 Number of Ecozones by Province as of December 2019. Type / Province Cavite Laguna Batangas Rizal Quezon Total

Manufacturing 11 14 10 35 IT Parks / Centers 4 5 3 4 16

Agro-Industrial 1 1 2

Tourism 1 1 2

Medical Tourism Parks/Centers 1 1 TOTAL 16 19 15 5 1 56 Source: PEZA

Table 9.6 Establishing/Newly Proclaimed Ecozones by Province as of December 2019. Establishing / Proclaimed Ecozones Cavite Laguna Batangas Rizal Quezon Total

Manufacturing 2 3 5 IT Parks / Centers 4 6 10

Agro-Industrial 1 1 2

Tourism 2 1 3 TOTAL 8 8 4 20 Source: PEZA

Services

Visitors and accredited tourism establishments increased. The number of same-day visitors reached 61,075,494 in 2019, an increase of 19.26 percent from 2018, while overnight tourist visitors increased by 17.06 percent. The continuous effort of the LGUs in promoting their areas is a major factor in the increase in the number of tourists, including the increased effort in gathering tourists’ data. The conduct of Tourism Statistics Trainings in 2019 which were participated by the Provincial Tourism Officers and selected Municipal Tourism Offices contributed to the improved data capture on tourism. The training participants were oriented on the importance of the gathering and submission of data that can be used in various studies

50 Chapter 9: ECONOMIC OPPORTUNITIES IN INDUSTRY AND SERVICES and marketing plans. The inclusion of Batangas (#3) and Rizal (#9) in the list of top destinations based on 2018 data also encouraged the LGUs to collect data.

Targets for overall same-day visitors and overnight tourists were exceeded by 171.56 percent and 100.88 percent, respectively. Rizal has the highest number of same-day visitors with 18,056,345 and the highest number of overnight visitors with 2,687,712 in 2019. Top tourist destinations in the Province of Rizal includes National Shrine of Our Lady of Peace and Good Voyage and its museum in Antipolo, Regina RICA in Tanay, Taytay Tiangge, 54MW Pililla Wind Farm, and Binangonan Recreation and Conference Center.

The increase in the number of tourists may be attributed to: 1) continuous coordination and support from the Provincial Tourism Offices; 2) strong relationship and continuous support from the LGUs and the private sector; 3) strengthened promotional efforts and programs on domestic tourism; and 4) LGU support in terms of promotional initiatives via online/social media platforms.

Table 9.7 Target and Actual Tourism Data, CALABARZON, 2017-2018. Indicator 2018 2019 2018-2019 Baseline Target Actual Growth Rate Same day visitors ('000) 51,212,675 22,491,000 61,075,494 19.26 Number of overnight 7,619,074 4,440,000 8,918,885 17.06 visitors increased (‘000) Number of accredited 313 232 401 28.12 tourism establishments Number of rooms from 4,496 3,400 4,939 9.85 DOT accredited accommodation establishments Number of employees 7,151 5,200 9,021 26.15 employed by DOT accredited establishments Source: DOT Region IV-A

The number of accredited tourism establishments also grew by 28.12 percent as a result of DILG Memorandum Circular No. 2019-27 which requires all primary tourism establishments (accommodation, travel and tour agencies, and tourist transport) to be DOT-Accredited before the issuance of local business permits. Likewise, the conduct of orientations on accreditation in all provinces and in some municipalities and cities contributed to the increase of accredited tourism establishments.

The number of rooms in DOT-accredited establishments increased by 9.85 percent and exceeded the target by 45.26 percent due to the increased number of accredited accommodations.

The target number of workers employed by accredited establishments increased by 26.15 percent due to increased number of accredited tourism establishments and inclusion of these establishments in all marketing and promotion efforts of DOT.

Chapter 9: ECONOMIC OPPORTUNITIES IN INDUSTRY AND SERVICES 51

Consumer access to safe and quality goods and services ensured. The level of consumer awareness and satisfaction of quality goods and services increased from 69 percent in 2018 to 77 percent in 2019 or an increase of 11.59 percent as a result of intensified information and education campaign through quad media and through talks done in the academe and in various peoples' organizations, including activities that aroused more interaction with audiences like play acting and animated film contests.

Meanwhile, the percentage of consumer complaints resolved slightly declined from 91 percent in 2018 to 89 percent in 2019. Reasons for the decline in consumer complaints resolved are due to the types of complaints that were received and the difficulty of the grounds presented for resolution. However, the 2019 accomplishment still exceeded its target of 85 percent. This may be attributed to the establishment of consumer welfare desks in major supermarkets and groceries.

Likewise, the number of consumer awareness and advocacy initiatives undertaken decreased by 16.33 percent from 245 in 2018 to 205 in 2019. However, the 2019 accomplishments also exceeded the target of 200 consumer awareness and advocacy initiatives undertaken. The decrease in the accomplishments may be due to the shift in strategy in advocacy such as the use of social media and TV guesting which allow for more audience/clients’ reach. This shift has resulted in the increase in consumer awareness.

In addition, the number of firms/customers provided with testing and calibration services was achieved although this slightly increased from 3,826 in 2018 to 3,846 in 2019. The strong collaboration between municipal LGUs and the DOST ensured the monitoring of service providers (water refilling stations) and their delivery of safe drinking water for consumers.1

Access to production networks improved. The number of Negosyo Centers increased by 50 percent from 72 in 2018 to 108 in 2019 due to strong partnership between DTI and LGUs.

Table 9.8 Access to Economic Opportunities, CALABARZON: 2017-2018. Indicator 2018 2019 2019 Baseline Target Actual Growth Rate Consumer access to safe & quality goods & services Increased level of consumer awareness and satisfaction of 69% increasing 77% 11.59 quality goods and services Percentage of consumer 91% 85% 89% -2.20 complaints resolved within prescribed time - mediation (10 days), arbitration (20 days) Number of consumer 245 200 205 -16.33 awareness and advocacy initiatives undertaken

1 The DOST, through the CEST, entered into a MOA with Los Baños LGU to issue an ordinance mandating the Municipal Health Office monitors and ensures all refilling stations deliver safe drinking water to consumers

52 Chapter 9: ECONOMIC OPPORTUNITIES IN INDUSTRY AND SERVICES

Number of consumer 8 6 11 0.38 education, information and communication materials produced Number of clients (firms) / 3,826 5% increase 3,846 0.52 customers provided with testing and calibration services increased Access to production networks

Number of negosyo centers 72 108 108 50.00 maintained Source: DTI and DOST Region IV-A

Productivity, efficiency and resiliency improved. The number of shared facilities established remained the same at 4 facilities in 2018 and 20192. However, the shared facilities maintained increased from 152 in 2018 and 156 in 2019 because of the 4 additional projects/facilities established in 2018 which will be classified as maintained in 2019 while the 4 SSFs established in 2019 were counted as established for 2019. The SSFs established must be taken cared for by the cooperators as these are still technically owned by DTI until turned over to the cooperators at the end of the usufruct agreement. The cooperator will be designated the recipient-owner of the facility upon satisfying a set of criteria.

In 2018, out of 2,656 barangay micro-business enterprises (BMBE), 2,620 certificates were issued within the prescribed time. In 2019, 100 percent was achieved with 4,493 BMBE applications received and were issued with certificates within the prescribed time. This is primarily attributed to the strict implementation of RA 11032 (EODB) and RA 9178 (BMBE Act).

The number of small-enterprise technology upgrading program (SETUP) beneficiaries increased from 56 in 2018 to 58 in 2019. The increase was attributed to the provision of packaged S&T solutions for clients such as consultancy, trainings, packaging and labeling assistance, testing and calibration, and implementation of new strategies/policies to fast track and provide appropriate technological interventions such as meticulous screening process to each SETUP beneficiaries. It should be noted that the target for 2019 was nearly achieved.

Access to Economic Opportunities in I&S for MSMEs, Cooperatives and OFs increased

Access to finance improved. The number of credit cooperatives in the Region increased from 35 in 2018 to 43 in 2019 as members of proponent cooperatives need easy access on micro- finance for their productive and providential needs. The increase in the number of credit cooperatives may be attributed to the following: 1) tax exemption privileges under Article 60, RA 9520; 2) CDA-BIR Joint Rules and Regulations; 3) P3 Program of DTI and Koop Kapatid;

2 Note: 4 were established in 2018 and 4 were established in 2019 - constant in terms of number of increase in SSFs but there is really nothing significant to correlate the 2 because those established in 2018 will be classified as maintained in 2019 Chapter 9: ECONOMIC OPPORTUNITIES IN INDUSTRY AND SERVICES 53 and 4) technical and/or financial assistance for micro/small and medium enterprises from NGOs/POs such as Small Business Corporation.

Negosyo Centers maintained/increased. The establishment of Negosyo Centers in all provinces, cities, and municipalities aims to promote ease of doing business and facilitate access to services such as business registration assistance, business advisory services, business information and advocacy, and monitoring, evaluation and recommendation of business- process improvement for MSMEs. Negosyo Centers also provided Shared Service Facilities and support for MSMEs through management guidance, improvement of the working conditions of MSMEs, market access, and linking services for entrepreneurs. There were 36 additional Negosyo Centers in 2019, bringing the total to 108 Negosyo Centers maintained in CALABARZON.

Moving Forward

The industry sector may face challenges in the future due to the decreasing amount of investments and the COVID-19 Pandemic. As investment slow down, the growth of manufacturing, which is the biggest contributor in the Region’s economy, may likely slow down as well.

The service sector, however, continued to grow in 2019. The fast-growing service sector can compensate for the potential slower growth in manufacturing.

Recommendations3

The following are the recommendations for CY 2018 to 2022 to ensure continuous growth and achievement of the sectors targets based on the Regional Development Plan.

Challenges Recommended Strategies Implementing Agencies Projects/activities not sustained due to Strengthen partnership with LGUs and DOT, LGUs change of Local Chief Executives. Private Sectors through applicable Municipal/City Tourism Officers have capacity building trainings (TEF, BTST, no plantilla positions. ATST).

1. Prioritization of Programs in Inclusion of data gathering (data forecast Tourism in terms of promotion and and target markets) in the formulation of Marketing of Destinations/ Local Tourism Development Plan attractions (Provincial and LGU Levels) 2. Local Tourism Development Plan 3. Development and Enhancement of Appoint/create mandatory position for Tourism Products. MTOs in the LGUs with major tourism assets/resources

3 PEZA did not provide recommendations for 2019 54 Chapter 9: ECONOMIC OPPORTUNITIES IN INDUSTRY AND SERVICES

Gain new customers. Strengthen Increase promotion of the laboratory DOST Regional Standards and Testing services to new sectors in the region. Laboratory Services to attain customer satisfaction Expand and develop new services.

Strengthen ICT to further improve services through OneLab Portal.

Attain/maintain certification/accreditation for ISO and other established accreditation bodies.

Maintain a CSF rating of very satisfactory or better (new and returning customers).

100% delivery services on time.

Increase Laboratory Personnel with proficiency certification Implementation of new Provision of "industry/sector DOST strategies/policies to fast track and interventions" aside from addressing firm- provide appropriate technological level S&T constraints (more holistic and interventions focused approach to industry/sector).

Incorporation of the risk management plan in the SETUP 2.0 technology needs assessment as additional requirement in the proposal.

Expand use of e-commerce and transform the DOST-CALABARZON- developed Information and Management of Projects, Services and S&T Intervention (IMPRESSION) platform's utility value to customer-focused to better respond to needs of the MSMEs and stakeholders, improve monitoring, archiving of retrieval of documents, to fast-track proposal packaging and delivery of services. Fast turnover of staff manning the Assign regular/ permanent positions for DTI Negosyo Centers (business staff manning the Negosyo Centers counselors) due to their contractual status (Job Orders/Contract of Service)

Chapter 9: ECONOMIC OPPORTUNITIES IN INDUSTRY AND SERVICES 55

70% of registered cooperatives in Strengthen the cooperative sector: CDA, DILG, LGUs, Southern Luzon are from PIA CALABARZON area and only 22% are 1) NGAs/LGUs, to give preferential credit type of cooperatives. Annual treatment to cooperatives; Plan Targets increases due to the 2) integrate and mainstream demand on transport and agriculture cooperative development programs in cooperatives the LGUs' Local Comprehensive Development Plan; 3) appoint cooperative officers as mandatory position in the LGUs; 4) request DILG for the Local Government Academy to include cooperative development or relevant laws in its basic course or trainings for newly elected officials; 5) continuous support and assistance, especially to micro and small cooperatives; 6) increase awareness on success stories and best practices of cooperatives through quad media 7) link/converge with NGAs, NGOs and other partner agencies for assistance to cooperatives; and 8) improve/upgrade the internet connectivity services of telecommunications companies for easy access on online data/information provided by the Cooperative Development Authority (CDA) and received by the cooperatives as well

Priority Programs and Projects4

DOT 1. Regionwide Statistics Training: Basic Tourism Statistics Training and Advanced Tourism Statistics Training 2. Local Tourism Development Plan 3. Communication Program a. EIC materials to include the standards and procedures for tourism workers and travelers to adopt and improved hygiene and health safety practices b. Regional Branding campaign to entice domestic tourists to explore and discover more the other destinations and attractions of the region c. Corporate tokens and other unique products locally produces by the community (to help communities in their livelihood programs 4. Virtual tours of Pilgrimage and Heritage Sites, Museum and Galleries

4 PEZA did not provide data on programs and projects for 2019 56 Chapter 9: ECONOMIC OPPORTUNITIES IN INDUSTRY AND SERVICES

5. Tourism circuit development and new tour packages 6. International and national fairs, exhibits and events 7. DOT Accreditation of tourism enterprises.

DTI 1. Consumer Protection Program 2. Consumer Education and Advocacy Program 3. Negosyo Center Program 4. MSME Development Program

DOST 1. Small Enterprise Technology Upgrading Program (SETUP 2.0) 2. Regional Standards and Testing Laboratories harmonization through One Laboratory Portal (OneLab)

CDA 1. CDA’s promotion and advocacy activities such as 1) series of fora on establishing cooperatives in each province in CALABARZON and airing of Cooperative Hour every Wednesday at DWBC 87.9; 2) assistance of NGAs and LGUs to cooperatives; 3) CDA partnership with other NGAs (e.g. CDA-DAR, CDA-DTI, CDA-DA, CDA-NCIP).

Chapter 9: ECONOMIC OPPORTUNITIES IN INDUSTRY AND SERVICES 57

58 Chapter 9: ECONOMIC OPPORTUNITIES IN INDUSTRY AND SERVICES

Chapter 10 Accelerating Human Capital Development

This Chapter highlights the 2019 performance of the social sector in terms of nutrition, health, education, and employment. The facilitating and hindering factors in meeting the targets are discussed and specific strategies are recommended to address the identified challenges.

Figure 10.1 Strategic Framework to Accelerate Human Capital Development

Chapter 10: ACCELERATING HUMAN CAPITAL DEVELOPMENT 59

Accomplishments

Lifelong learning opportunities for all

More day care centers in CALABARZON accredited. Additional 177 day-care centers were accredited by the DSWD in 2019, resulting an increase in the total number of accredited day care centers to 3,140. As of June 2019, there were 4,868 day care centers operating in the Region. Of these, 65 percent were accredited, 22 percent have expired accreditation, and 13 percent were not accredited. Among the provinces, Quezon has the most number of day care centers with 1,365 while Rizal has the least number with 622. There were 350 applications of day care centers accreditation in DSWD which will be processed in the first quarter of 2020. Recognizing the critical stage of learning from birth till the age of five, continuous improvement in day care centers needs to be pursued as several researches have shown that day care centers can complement and enhance the child’s learning, particularly is they are of high quality.

Innovation continuously pursued in higher education. The number of patents, licenses and royalties issued to SUCs in CALABARZON increased by 17.86 percent in 2019. Similarly, the number of researchers and scientists in these SUCs increased from 170 in 2018 to 222 in 2019 or about 31 percent. These can be attributed to the continuous pursuit of innovation and improvement in the capability of SUCs. Investments in science and technology in education can enhance competitiveness and support the country’s productivity and economic growth.

Figure 10.2 Performance in Science and Technology, 2019

250 222

200 170

150

2018 Number 100 2019 33 50 28

0 Number of patents, Number of researchers licenses and royalties and scientists issued to HEIs Indicator

Source of data: CvSU, LSPU, URS and SLSU

Challenges encountered in UniFAST implementation. The passage of the Universal Access to Quality Tertiary Education Act which provided financial assistance to students increased access in state universities and colleges, and public technical-vocational institutions. With the UniFAST, more students are expected to finish college education. However, challenges were encountered in the implementation of the Tertiary Education Subsidy (TES). There were 60 Chapter 10: ACCELERATING HUMAN CAPITAL DEVELOPMENT reports on discrepancies of the beneficiaries of Listahanan vis-à-vis TES. Some students that were included in the Listahanan of DSWD were not included in the list of beneficiaries of TES while those not included in Listahanan were able to access TES.

Beneficiaries of Expanded Students’ Grant in Aid Program for Poverty Alleviation (ESGPPA) declined. The number of students benefitting from the ESGPPA declined in four SUCs with the implementation of the UniFAST. Continuing ESGPPA scholars were absorbed by the UniFAST’s Tertiary Education Subsidy. Generally, the number of ESGPPA scholars declined by about 26.11 percent.

Table 10.1. Expanded Students’ Grant in Aid Program for Poverty Alleviation, 2019. SUCs Accomplishments 2018 2019 CvSU 407 407 LSPU 26 12 BatStateU - - URS 65 9 SLSU 153 53

Access to technical-vocational education ensured. Five hundred and one technical- vocational institutions operate in the five provinces. As of 2019, the Region has more than 2,504 trainers for 1,644 skills development programs. Among the provinces, Cavite has the most number of technical-vocational institutions while Laguna has the most number of trainers.

Table 10.2. Regional Profile of Technical-Vocational Institutions, 2019. Provinces TVIs Trainers Programs Cavite 146 630 389 Laguna 134 692 442 Batangas 84 445 246 Rizal 86 374 328 Quezon 51 363 239 CALABARZON 501 2,504 1,644 Source: TESDA Region IV-A

Income-Earning Ability Increased

Beneficiaries of job facilitation programs declined. Job facilitation programs implemented by the Public Employment Service Office assisted fewer individuals in 2019 compared to 2018. Beneficiaries of the Special Program for Employment of Students (SPES) and referred placements through PESO declined by 30.83 percent and 17.05 percent, respectively in 2019. Further, individuals reached by the labor market information declined by about 45 percent. The decline in the number of SPES beneficiaries may be attributed to the decrease in budget for the program in 2019 despite the law providing that budget should increase 10 percent annually.

On the other hand, except for Quezon Province, beneficiaries of the Government Internship Program (GIP) more than doubled in 2019. Government interns were utilized in profiling and mapping child laborers in the Region which may have contributed to the additional number of beneficiaries. Chapter 10: ACCELERATING HUMAN CAPITAL DEVELOPMENT 61

Table 10.3. Beneficiaries of Job Facilitation Program by Province, 2019. Provinces Special Government Referred Labor Market Program for Internship Placements Information Employment of Program through PESO Students 2018 2019 2018 2019 2018 2019 2018 2019 Cavite 1,445 1,165 28 298 80,120 72,054 138,907 100,213 Batangas 2,215 1,724 551 880 73,332 69,206 193,731 146,074 Laguna 4,164 2,328 82 612 91,229 84,978 635,584 352,089 Quezon 2,633 2,095 180 172 55,869 24,975 249,625 95,421 Rizal 3,611 2,419 28 636 90,298 73,000 273,144 128,194 CALABARZON 14,068 9,731 869 2,598 390,848 324,213 1,490,991 821,991

Moving Forward

In 2019, the Department of Education launched its new flagship program known as Sulong Edukalidad. With this new program, the K-12 curriculum will be updated, the learning environment will be improved, and the skills of teachers will be enhanced. To support this initiative, DepEd Region IV-A developed the CALABARZON Pivot. With numerous projects to ensure access to basic education and efficiency, the CALABARZON Pivot will directly focus on enhancing the quality of basic education through 1) aligning focus and interventions toward improving learning outcomes; 2) advancing collaboration, open communication and vibrant relationships; 3) amplifying defined technical assistance to delivery units; and 4) informing all stakeholders on the progress of interventions, quality and extent of attainment.

To facilitate the implementation of UniFAST, a technical working group (TWG) was created to discuss and address the issues on its implementation. Through the TWG, efficient and effective implementation of the program can be ensured to contribute to enhancing the access and quality of tertiary education in the Region. For instance, in 2019, the TWG recommended the list of priority beneficiaries, which included vulnerable groups, for inclusion in UniFAST’s Tertiary Education Subsidy. The list was endorsed by the RDC to CHED-UniFAST for consideration.

Initiatives on the localization of the Philippine Qualification Framework were also conducted by TESDA Region IV-A. These initiatives ensure that the graduates of technical-vocational education will be equipped with the necessary skills that the emerging and evolving industries require.

62 Chapter 10: ACCELERATING HUMAN CAPITAL DEVELOPMENT

Recommendations

In addition to existing programs and projects, the following strategies are recommended to attain accelerated human capital development:

Challenges Recommended Strategies Implementing Agencies Low enrolment rate in Promote importance of Early Childhood DSWD, LGUs kindergarten Care and Development

Hasten accreditation of day care centers Low average scores in Assess root cause of low average scores DepEd the National of students Achievement Test (NAT) Explore best practices in preparing students for taking the NAT exam

Chapter 10: ACCELERATING HUMAN CAPITAL DEVELOPMENT 63

64 Chapter 10: ACCELERATING HUMAN CAPITAL DEVELOPMENT

Chapter 11 Reducing Vulnerability of Individual and Families

This Chapter discusses the performance of the Region in the implementation of universal and transformative social protection programs to reduce vulnerabilities of individuals and families and build socio-economic resilient communities in 2022.

Figure 11.1. Strategic Framework to Reduce Vulnerability of Individuals and Families

Chapter 11: REDUCING VULNERABILITY OF INDIVIDUAL AND FAMILIES 65

Accomplishments

Mitigating risks faced by vulnerable groups

Poor households provided with conditional cash grants decreased. The number of conditional cash transfer (CCT) beneficiaries covered decreased from 307,692 families in 2018 to 303,399 in 2019. While the number of beneficiaries decreased, this is still higher than the regional target of 286,859 for 2019. The decrease was due to the reduction of 1,585 beneficiaries in Quezon and 1,448 in Batangas. The coverage of the CCT program declined but, in the process, became more inclusive to Figure 11.2 Poor households provided cover only the eligible households based with CCT, 2018-2019 on validation.

Validation activities include review of moved-out beneficiaries and archiving of non- registered households in the Pantawid Pamilya Information System. Further, a total of 18,049 households were also deactivated due to non-compliance and 27,581 households were permanently delisted from the program due to consistent non-compliance. Some households also became ineligible because children in those households have already graduated. Moreover, the implementation of the Balik Bata Eskwela Campaign to address the increasing number of Pantawid children not attending school and conduct of annual partnership reviews with LGUs as well as partnerships with civil society organizations and the academe further contributed to more inclusive CCT coverage.

Number of poor senior citizens covered by social pension increased. The social pension coverage of poor senior citizens increased from 176,265 individuals in 2018 to 205,799 in 2019. However, the increase in coverage still falls short of the targeted 228,471 senior citizens in 2019.

Despite missing the target, there was a significant increase in coverage of the Social Pension Program for Indigent Senior Citizens. This can be attributed to program implementation review and increased awareness of LGUs to the latest updates on Social Pension for Indigent Senior Citizens program.

Table 11.1 Poor senior citizens covered by social pension, 2018-2019. Region/Province 2018 2019 Target Actual Target Actual CALABARZON 175,562 176,265 228,471 205,799 Cavite 33,004 35,134 Batangas 50,223 58,829 Laguna 30,714 33,662 Quezon 43,942 51,405 Rizal 18,382 26,769

66 Chapter 11: REDUCING VULNERABILITY OF INDIVIDUAL AND FAMILIES

Proportion of targeted social pension beneficiaries provided with social pension decreased. The proportion of social pension beneficiaries provided with social pension decreased from 100 percent in 2018 to 90 percent in 2019. The decrease can be attributed to the directive from DSWD Central Office that the transfer of funds to partner LGUs is no longer allowed and implementation of the “No validation, No payout Policy” which caused delays in program implementation. An updated master list of beneficiaries was generated from the validation activities conducted which led to the removal of unqualified individuals such as deceased individuals and senior citizens. On the other hand, unpaid beneficiaries for 2019 will be paid in the first quarter of 2020.

Number of LGUs in compliance to 1 percent allocation for persons with disabilities and senior citizens sustained. All the LGUs in the Region, including the provinces, complied with the required budget allocation for persons with disabilities and senior citizens due to stronger stakeholder participation during annual financial and planning program implementation. However, it was noted that most of the budget was allocated for senior citizens and programs for PWDs were limited to the provision of physical facilities such as ramps.

Health coverage declined while out-of-pocket expenditure increased5. PhilHealth enrolment was sustained at 100 percent due to effective coordination among local governments, DSWD, and PhilHealth as well as adequate local funding and the high priority given by LGUs. Meanwhile, the coverage of PhilHealth declined from 96 percent in 2018 to 91 percent in 2019 but its accomplishment still surpassed the target by 2 percent in 2019.

Further, the percentage of out-of-pocket expenditure over total health expenditure also increased from 59 percent in 2018 to 63 percent in 2019 such that a 4 percent increase in out- of-pocket expenditure was reported. However, the target for out-of-pocket expenditure for 2018 and 2019 was still attained due to strict monitoring of compliance to No Balance Billing (NBB) of accredited institutions and issuance of warning and denial of accreditation to some accredited government hospitals that are non-compliant to NBB policy.

Table 11.2 PhilHealth enrolment and coverage and out-of-pocket expenditure, 2018-2019. Health Indicators 2018 2019 Target Actual Target Actual Enrolment in PhilHealth 100% 101% 100% 100% Coverage of PhilHealth 95% 96% 91% 93% Percentage of out-of-pocket 68% 59% 66% 63% expenditure over total health expenditure decreased *Accomplishment was generated from the Provinces of Batangas, Quezon and Rizal

5 PhilHealth enrolment refers to population enrolled in PhilHealth including indigents while PhilHealth coverage refers to those that are eligible to avail of the benefits.

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Number of victims of child laborers assisted decreased while the proportion of child laborers removed from child labor increased. The number of child laborers assisted slightly decreased from 97 to 93 individuals from 2018 to 2019. However, the improvement is still three times higher than its target. Meanwhile, the proportion of child laborers aged 5 to 17 saved from child labor increased from 90.70 percent in 2018 to 95.87 percent in 2019. The improvement in child labor indicators is a result of continuous validation and targeted interventions for Figure 11.3 Number of victims of child child laborers which can be attributed to the strong labor assisted, 2018-2019 support of LGUs in Strategic Helpdesk for Information, Education, Livelihood and other Developmental Interventions (SHIELD) Project implementation, acknowledgment of the issue by the local community, and practice of community participation approach in addressing the issue.

Cases of violence against women and their children increased. DSWD data on women in especially difficult circumstances includes women that were physically/emotionally/sexually abused, victims of illegal recruitment, women in detention, and victims of trafficking/prostitution. In 2019, the number of cases increased to 171 from 168 in 2018. The increase in reported cases was significantly contributed by Quezon Province which posted an increase of 22 cases from 14 in 2018 to 36 in 2019. This can be attributed to the strengthened monitoring and regular interventions provided by the Inter-Agency Committee on VAWC of the Province.

Managing economic risk

Number of Overseas Filipino Workers (OFW) membership to OWWA decreased but still surpassed the target. The number of OWWA membership decreased from 1.34 million members in 2018 to 1.27 million in 2019. The decrease is due to the limitation of Balik Manggagawa Online Processing which was not able to capture inactive OWWA member returning OFWs. However, the 2019 accomplishment still surpassed the targets due to the implementation of new projects such as OWWA Mobile Application, OFW E-Card and Figure 11.4 Number of OFW membership to OFW Rebate Program as well as online OWWA, 2018-2019 membership renewal in partnership with Land Bank of the Philippines and Globe through GCash.

OFWs covered by social protection decreased. The percentage of OFWs covered by social security decreased from 369,907 in 2018 to 179,161 in 2019. The decline was also attributed to the limitation of Balik Manggagawa Online Processing which was not able to capture inactive OWWA member returning OFWs. Moreover, the actual social protection coverage is way beyond achieving the 2019 target of 349,213 OFWs. Hence, the need to intensify IEC and collection efforts at overseas and regional offices, provide full service for OFW Family Circles, 68 Chapter 11: REDUCING VULNERABILITY OF INDIVIDUAL AND FAMILIES strengthening networks with LGUs and other social partners and intensify visibility of OWWA's Family Welfare Officers in the provinces.

Table 11. 3 OFWs covered by social protection, CALABARZON,2018-2019. Plan Targets/Accomplishments 2018 2019 Targets 332,583 349,213 Accomplishments 369,907 179,161

Number of documented and undocumented distressed OFWs provided with social welfare services increased. Documented and undocumented distressed OFWs provided with assistance increased from 566 in 2018 to 651 in 2019. Given this, the Region is yet to achieve its target of reducing the number of distressed OFWs. The increase in the number of beneficiaries can be attributed to the increasing number of distressed OFWs from Kuwait, United Arab Emirates, Abu Dhabi and Riyadh who availed of the Embassy Assisted Repatriation Program of the government in 2019. The majority of distressed and undocumented migrant workers assisted were from Laguna, Quezon, and Cavite. Documented and undocumented distressed OFWs were provided with assistance through various government interventions on international migration including Balik Pinas, Balik Hanap Buhay Program of OWWA, Balik Pinay, Balik Hanapbuhay through OWWA NRCO Social Benefits and Welfare Assistance Program, financial assistance, soft loans, shelter assistance and counseling services provided by concerned agencies and provincial one-stop migration resource centers.

Number of families with child laborers provided with livelihood assistance increased. The families with child laborers provided with livelihood assistance increased from 100 families in 2018 to 205 families in 2019. It is slightly higher than the 2019 target of 203 families. The increase emanated from the commitment of DOLE Region IV-A to increase interventions for parents of child laborers.

Informal sector workers provided with emergency employment increased. The workers in the informal sector provided with emergency employment and/or income augmentation through livelihood assistance significantly increased by 21,417 individuals from 10,965 in 2018 to 32,382. The increase in informal sector workers provided with emergency employment stemmed from the Tulong Panghanapbuhay sa Ating Disadvantaged Workers Program (TUPAD). It is one of the flagship programs of the DOLE which aims to contribute to poverty reduction and inclusive growth in informal sector workers.

Managing Environmental and Natural Risks

Access to land decreased. Area distributed under the Comprehensive Agrarian Reform Program (CARP) decreased and posted shortfall in its 2019 target by 110 hectares. It decreased from 2,494 has in 2018 to 1,551 has in 2019 (Table 11.4). All provinces except for Laguna experienced a decline in CARP distribution.

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Table 11.4 Area distributed and already covered under CARP, 2018-2019. Region/Province 2018 2019 Target Actual Target Actual CALABARZON 1,745 2,494 1,661 1,551 Cavite 214 59 Batangas 128 91 Laguna 26 114 Quezon 1,895 1,224 Rizal 231 63

In terms of the service provided to agrarian reform beneficiaries, organizations served decreased from 266 in 2018 to 264 in 2019 because there were organizations that were declared non-operational as a result of IT-enabled maturity assessment. Consequently, the number of agrarian reform beneficiaries’ organization (ARBO) members declined from 1,802 in 2018 to 1,050 in 2019. All the provinces experienced a decline in ARBO membership. Quezon province had the highest decline with 538 members.

Dealing with hazards and human-induced shocks

Natural Disaster casualties per 100,000 population decreased while human-induced disaster casualties increased. The number of casualties per 100,000 population generally decreased from 2018 to 2019. Deaths declined by 10, missing by 1 and injured by 7 persons. On the other hand, a significant increase in casualties reported for human-induced disasters was noted with an increase in the number of dead people by 376, missing by 1 and injured by 2,228. The increase in the number of human-induced casualties can be attributed to increasing vehicular accidents all over the region.

Table 11.5 Number of deaths, injured and missing persons due to natural and human- induced disasters, 2018-2019. Disaster Casualties 2018 2019 Natural Death 16 6 Injured 2 1 Missing 10 3 Human-Induced Death 117 493 Injured 0 1 Missing 1,018 3,246

100 percent of families affected by natural and human-induced calamities provided with relief assistance. In 2019, a total of 780 beneficiaries were provided with relief assistance for eight major fire incidents in the Region. Moreover, 12,000 family food packs were augmented to LGUs for distribution to internally displaced families affected by Typhoon Tisoy. The sustained relief assistance can be attributed to regular conduct of trainings and provision of technical assistance to LGUs and members of the Regional and Provincial Quick Response Teams on the effective management of consequences of disaster events.

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Disaster-related capability building activities organized. The DSWD Region IV-A, as the response cluster head, organized and conducted disaster-related trainings for partner LGUs, Quick Response Teams and Incident Management Teams including capacity building on Basic Incident Command System (ICS), Disaster Response Operation Monitoring and Information Management, Warehouse Management and Humanitarian Supply Chain, Project Proposal Development, and Project Management on Climate Change Adaptation Programs and Projects.

Moving Forward

Looking at the performance of the Region in the implementation of universal and transformative social protection programs, it can be noted that out of 34 indicators, 12 showed improved or sustained performance while 15 failed to meet the targets and the rest have no data provided for 2019.

Despite the significant achievements of the Region in reducing vulnerabilities of individuals and families towards building resiliency, several challenges still need to be addressed including reducing the number of child laborers and expanding the coverage for universal health care including reducing out of pocket expenditure to total health expenditure and risk of graduating 4Ps beneficiaries to fall back to poverty. There is also a need to strengthen efforts in documenting and assisting undocumented and distressed international migrants while more interventions are needed to help informal sector workers to transition to the formal economy. Moreover, intervention to address gender-based violence through the use of sex-disaggregated data and other gender-related information needs to be prioritized. Additionally, the challenge of mitigating and managing the risks caused by natural and human-induced disasters needs to be addressed.

There is also a need to strengthen the implementation of the social protection framework and put in place sustainable social protection programs to improve welfare of the most vulnerable populations.

Recommendations

The planned strategies identified in the previous development report, as well as the recommendations that focus on achieving the planned targets to reduce vulnerabilities of individual and families, are the following:

Challenges Planned Strategies and Programs, Implementing Projects and Activities Agency(ies) To mitigate risks faced by vulnerable groups Pockets of high poverty Continuous implementation of the CCT DSWD incidence in the region program 2019 and beyond

Expand coverage of 4Ps to include newly DSWD identified poor households

Support CALABARZON convergence RDC members programs such as RDC outreach activities and Adopt-a-Municipality program

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High prevalence of child labor Transition of pilot testing of SHIELD to DSWD, DOLE, become a regular program and promote its LGUs replication in other LGUs

Continue profiling of child laborers in the barangay and continuous monitoring of DSWD, DOLE, SHIELD beneficiaries towards their eventual LGUs withdrawal from child labor

Strengthen case management to the child DSWD, LGUs laborers and their families

Stronger advocacy in the community towards prevention of child labor LGUs

Establish linkages/partnership with other stakeholders to maximize resources in the DSWD, DOLE, community LGUs

Reactivation of the Calabarzon Child Labor Committee and integration of SHIELD DOLE project in the Committee

Enjoin all LGUs to integrate program i.e. SHIELD in their Local Development Plan for DILG Children (LDPC), to ensure that child labor issue is recognized and provided with appropriate interventions Institutionalization of child labor programs at the LGU level LGUs

Study the impact of KASAMA Program (Kabuhayan Para sa Magulang ng Batang DOLE Mangagawa)

Graduating CCT household Formulate and implement a transition DSWD beneficiaries still at risk of program for graduating 4Ps beneficiaries in falling to poverty partnership with other concerned agencies to ensure that beneficiaries have the permanent means to stay out of poverty.

Extension of Social Welfare Development DSWD Indicator administration to complete the regional target for 2019.and encourage voluntary exit of families that achieved sufficiency.

DSWD

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Conduct of impact evaluation of Program implementation and assessment of status of household beneficiaries. Access and coverage of social Ensure cash card enrollment of beneficiaries DSWD pension and services for senior citizens and PWDs Ensure the timely conduct of distribution of DSWD needs to be expanded stipends to the beneficiaries, as well as the continuous distribution of stipend to unserved beneficiaries of CY 2019 through the allotted ‘continuing funds.

Validation and creation of database or DSWD, NSWIP registry of indigent beneficiaries.

Provide social pension access to aging DSWD OFWs.

Check conflict of Bill for Universal Social SSS Pension with SSS.

Prioritize PWD concerns in the programs Agencies & LGUs and services under the 1 percent allocation for PWDs and Senior Citizens. Out-of-pocket over total health Strictly implement and monitor the No PhilHealth expenditure remains high Balance Billing (NBB) Policy.

Pursue the recommendations of the policy PhilHealth review on NBB.

Expand coverage of health insurance and PhilHealth membership in PhilHealth.

LGUs to ensure sufficient medical supplies, LGUs buffer stocks, and standby funds in government hospitals.

To manage economic, environmental and natural risks Increasing vulnerabilities of Intensify reintegration program for OFWs. DFA, NRCO undocumented and distressed migrants Develop more sustainable programs applicable for forced repatriation aside from DFA, NRCO financial assistance.

Provision of psychosocial support before administration of intervention. DSWD

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Strengthen on-site assistance for distressed DFA, DSWD OFs.

Assist the establishment of formal OF DSWD, OSMRCs support groups to help vulnerable OFWs

Intensify data collection efforts overseas and OWWA at the regional offices.

Strengthen networks with LGUs and tie-ups LGUs, OWWA, with DSWD and other concerned agencies DSWD as well as harmonization of OWWA and DSWD programs.

Delineation of work for distressed and DFA, DSWD undocumented migrants without shelter. Decreasing number of OWWA Intensify IEC and collection effort overseas OWWA members and members and at regional office covered with social protection Provide full service for OFs

Strengthen networks with LGUs and other social partners

Implementation of programs such as Balik Pinas, Balik Hanapbuhay, community organizing for OFWs and their families left behind, Education and Training Assistance, Social Benefits and Social Welfare Program Lack of data on the workers Formulate and implement an integrated DOLE from informal economy and approach for the transitioning of workers insufficient support/ from the informal to the formal economy assistance for informal based on the ILO Recommendation workers No. 204.

Regular funding for TUPAD program and/or DOLE emergency employment for ease of fund access during emergencies.

Conduct of survey on informal workers PSA Need to sustain gains in land Inventory of CARP covered landholdings DAR access (LHs) and transform problematic LHs to workable LH.

Prioritize landholdings especially on the land survey for procurement to avoid delay in the next land process.

Enhance Inter-Agency Consultation and Problem-Solving Workshop.

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Provision of events schedule through social media, department's online system and bulletin to better communicate programs, projects, and activities. Limited participation of ARBs Facilitate clamor and demand of other DAR in implementing agrarian ARBOs to participate in trainings and other reform programs support services activities (e.g. loan delinquency management)

Motivate ARBS/ARBOs to engage and participate in AR programs and projects through provision of farm machineries and processing facilities Declining agrarian reform Strengthen ARBO monitoring through IT- DAR beneficiaries’ organization Enabled Maturity Assessment (ARBO) served in agrarian reform communities Development of additional processed products (e.g. peanut, mushroom, etc.)

Lower interest rate provided by ARBOs developed as MF provider To deal with hazards and disasters Increasing intensity of natural Intensify trainings on DRRM and increase RDRRMC, OCD disasters coverage of DRRMC trainings.

Strengthen coordination and partnership with LDRRMCs.

Develop more innovative warning and warning systems.

Prioritize LDRRM funds for DRRM programs, projects and activities and appointment of DRRM officers. Increasing incidence of Strict implementation of traffic rules. RDRRMC, OCD human-induced disasters Validate and strengthen reporting and monitoring of deaths, missing and injured persons to avoid double counting.

Strict implementation of proper gear for riders.

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76 Chapter 11: REDUCING VULNERABILITY OF INDIVIDUAL AND FAMILIES

Chapter 12 Building Safe and Secure Communities

This Chapter presents the performance of the housing sector in terms of building safe and secure communities through expanding access to housing opportunities by accelerating housing production, enhancing housing affordability and ensuring livability and sustainability of human settlements..

Figure 12.1 Strategic Framework for Building Safe and Secure Communities

Accomplishments

Direct Housing Assistance

Direct housing assistance refers to direct provision of housing units or housing loans for informal settlers, community mortgage and end-user home financing.

Community Mortgage Program take outs improved. The number of Community Mortgage Program takeouts improved from 2,994 loan takeouts in 2018 to 5,455 loan takeouts in 2019. The increase may be attributed to the decentralization of Social Housing Finance Corporation operations and the continuous implementation of other modalities like the vertical Community Mortgage Program for vertical housing, and partnership with the local government units.

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High Density Housing Program not met. Of the targeted 3,368 loan takeouts, only 2,568 loan takeouts (or 76.25 percent of the target) were accomplished due to delayed project implementation and completion. The project delay was caused by slow compliance to site development requirements.

End-user financing decreased6. Compared to 2018, end-user financing decreased by 9.98 percent, from 13,263 to 11,940. This may be attributed to the decline in socialized housing takeouts due to changes in socialized housing definition, hence delayed deliveries of some developers because of redocumentation.

Indirect Housing Assistance

Indirect housing assistance includes provision of guaranty cover for investment and credits to housing, issuance of license to sell, provision of technical assistance for the preparation of Comprehensive Land Use Plans (CLUPs) and securitization of housing loan receivables.

New guaranty enrolments declined. New guaranty enrolments declined by 22.29 percent from 16,036 in 2018 to 12,462 in 2019 due to lower market demand for housing guarantees from banks and other financial institutions.

License to sell issued increased. The number of license to sell issued increased from 186 in 2018 to 198 in 2019 with the improved compliance of developers on the requirements, particularly on the balanced housing program.

LGUs provided CLUP assistance increased. LGUs provided with technical assistance in the preparation of their CLUPs continue to increase from 35 in 2017 to 50 in 2018 and to 67 in 2019. The need to enhance the CLUPs by including disaster risk reduction and climate change mitigation measures as well as its inclusion as one of the requirements for the Seal of Good Local Governance increased the demand for assistance in CLUP preparation. The increase may also be attributed to the continuous implementation of cluster approach in CLUP preparation.

Housing loan receivables purchased improved. Housing loan receivables purchased improved from 257 in 2018 to 2,264 in 2019. The surge may be attributed to the new housing development projects and the competitive market rate.

Moving Forward

The lack of or insufficient accurate and updated data on housing remains a fundamental issue that needs to be resolved immediately for better targeting and monitoring of accomplishment in terms of building safe and secure communities. Getting the accurate number of informal settler families (ISF) is one of the key elements to have a successful housing program.

The Department of Human Settlements and Urban Development (DHSUD) is expected to develop a database on all housing-related data, specifically to have a profile of ISFs in waterways and hazard-prone areas. The DHSUD can also intensify provision of technical assistance on the formulation of Local Shelter Plans for all cities and rapidly urbanizing municipalities and promote the adoption of the National Urban Development and Housing

6 Exclusive of Cavite, Rizal and portion of Laguna due to geographical coverage of Pag-IBIG Fund branch. 78 Chapter 12: BUILDING SAFE & SECURE COMMUNITIES

Framework 2017-2022 and National Resettlement Framework by including supportive policies, programs, and projects in sectoral plans, and local development and investment plans.

The Region to fast track the establishment of a housing database to account for the total housing unit requirement of the Region taking into account the households living in slum communities and hazard zones, households coming from Metro Manila and other regions and new households, among others.

The continuation of Building Adequate, Livable, Affordable and Inclusive or “BALAI” Filipino Communities Program would further strengthen partnership among key shelter agencies and housing developers to narrow down the housing backlog.

Recommendations

Challenges Recommended Strategies Implementing Agency Lack of accurate data on Provide fund for establishment DHSUD and KSAs housing i.e. profile of ISFs, no. of centralized database on of families living in hazard housing prone areas, no. of families affected by government project, Further enhance coordination consolidated housing among KSAs and their programs/project branches accomplishments (regional, provincial breakdown), etc. Only few LGUs have approved Intensify provision of technical DHSUD & DILG Local Shelter Plan (LSP). assistance on the formulation of LSP

Mainstream LSP components in the CLUP to decrease no. of plans being prepared by LGUs Low accomplishment due to Streamline requirements for DHSUD & KSAs delays in the submission of housing projects requirements and processing of documents and funds

Changes in the LGU Strengthen partnership DHSUD, DILG, KSAs & LGUs administration contributes to the /collaboration with LGUs delays in housing project requirements

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Chapter 13 Reaching for the Demographic Dividend

The demographic dividend is the economic growth potential that can result from a shift in a population’s age structure, mainly when the share of the working-age population (15 to 64) is larger than the non-working-age share of the population (14 and younger, and 65 and older). During this period, the economy can enjoy a boost in economic growth with more of its people productive than those who are dependents or the non-working population. The region can reap the effects of the demographic dividend with more talented and skilled people in the labor force.

Major factors that affect demographic dividend are fertility and mortality rates. Meanwhile, factors to maximize the benefits of demographic dividend are improved human capital, employment opportunities and savings build-up.

This Chapter highlights the 2018 performance of the region in terms of demographic transition and maximizing the gains from demographic dividend. The priority measure is improving human capital of the youth.

Figure 13.1 Strategic Frameworks to Reach for the Demographic Dividend

Chapter 13: REACHING FOR DEMOGRAPHIC DIVIDEND 81

Accomplishments

Fertility reduced despite low use of modern contraceptives

This reduction in fertility is a positive development in accelerating the Region’s demographic transition because of not increasing much the number of dependents. The decrease can be attributed to project interventions such as responsible parenting movement program, pre- marriage counseling, teenage pregnancy symposium and film showing, and Men’s Responsibility on Gender and Development.

However, the use of modern contraceptives stood at 20.27 percent and did not meet the target of 27 percent. The low utilization may be attributed to the limited supply of commodities, specifically the Progestin Sub-dermal implants which is preferred by women. Batangas Province has the highest prevalence rate on the use of contraceptives with 25.78 percent while Cavite has the least at 14.95 percent.

Table 13.1. Modern contraceptives prevalence rate (in percent) by province, 2018-2019. Province Modern Contraceptive Prevalence Rate (%) 2018 2019 Target Actual Target Actual Cavite 47.62 14.95 Laguna 49.66 22.50 Batangas 43.71 25.78 Rizal 68.87 21.66 Quezon 33.16 16.45 CALABARZON 35 47.51 27 20.27 Note: 2018 and 2019 data cannot be compared because of new formula used in 2019 Prevalence Source: Department of Health Region IV-A

Mortality reduced

Overall, mortality rate decreased from 3.64 percent in 2018 to 3.00 in 2019, a decrease of 17.58 percent which is within the target of 6.0 percent. This resulted from the implementation of numerous health programs.

Maternal mortality rate increased from 42.95 in 2018 to 53.19 in 2019. The increase in maternal mortality was due to the escalation of cases in Quezon Province from 9.0 in 2018 to 133.77 in 2019. However, the rest of the provinces were able to decrease maternal mortality rates as shown in table 13.2.

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Table 13.2. Maternal mortality ratio by province, 2018 and 2019. Province Maternal Mortality Ratio 2018 2019 Target Actual Target Actual Cavite 68.70 41.32 Laguna 49.86 43.77 Batangas 22.87 19.77 Rizal 9.00 133.77 Quezon 43.66 27.33 CALABARZON 70 42.95 70 53.19 Source: Department of Health Region IV-A Note: computation of MMR is per 100,000 livebirths

However, while there was an increase in fully immunized children by 14.66 percent from 58.47 percent in 2018 to 67.04 percent in 2019, infant and under-five mortality rates increased although within targets. Infant mortality rate increased from 8.66 in 2018 to 10.44 in 2019 while under-five mortality rates increased from 13.80 in 2018 to 17.32 in 2019.

For the under-five mortality, Quezon has the highest increase from 21.72 in 2018 to 32.97 in 2019.

Table 13.3. Under-five mortality rate by province 2018 and 2019. Under-five Mortality Rate Province 2018 2019 Target Actual Target Actual Cavite 14.20 14.93 Laguna 12.44 15.16 Batangas 7.78 8.86 Rizal 21.72 32.97 Quezon 12.87 14.69 CALABARZON 25 13.80 25 17.32 Source: Department of Health Region IV-A Note: computation of U5MR is per 1,000 livebirths

The increase in the mortality rates of the said sectors, particularly in Quezon, can be attributed to the increased number of reporting facilities in Quezon Province. Patients from nearby provinces like Laguna and Marinduque are also being brought to Quezon Medical Center, and reported as their case.

Quality of human capital improved

Improving the quality of human capital is key to increase productivity and household income. This is critical in harnessing the demographic dividend.

Improving human capital starts from the womb as healthy babies grow into healthy children. Healthy children have more chances of finishing school and developing their skills into Chapter 13: REACHING FOR DEMOGRAPHIC DIVIDEND 83 becoming productive and smart adults. A quality education system is already in place to produce educated and skilled labor force with the implementation of K-12 Program. Increased infrastructures on education and health facilities are covered in the Build, Build, Build Program to accommodate classroom and health service demands which will be discussed in Chapter 19.

Stunting prevalence is in a decreasing trend. In 2019, stunting prevalence in CALABARZON is 8.43 percent which is 11.26 percent lower than in 2018. However, Quezon Province still has a high stunting prevalence rate at 19.57 percent. Stunting is usually attributed to a low birth weight which usually happens when a mother is undernourished or too young to bear children. Young adolescent have an immature reproductive system. Further, teenage mothers, especially those from low-income household, have less access to prenatal check-up and health services.

Table 13.4 Stunting Prevalence in CALABARZON. Province 2017 2018 2019 Cavite 11.27 10.01 7.06 Laguna 7.27 6.12 5.67 Batangas 8.40 8.01 7.23 Rizal 9.37 6.93 8.31 Quezon 21.83 20.73 19.57 Total 11.09 9.50 8.43 Source: OPT Results

Teenage pregnancy reduced in 2018. Data from POPCOM showed that the Region improved on decreasing the cases on teenage pregnancy. From 26,124 cases in 2017 to 21,848 cases in 2018, CALABARZON achieved a decrease of 16.37 percent. This can be attributed to the conscious efforts of LGUs and concerned regional line agencies in reducing teenage pregnancy in the Region. Laguna topped the number of teenage pregnancy cases with 7,094 while Rizal has the least at 3,262.

Table 13.5. Teenage Pregnancy Cases, 2017 and 2018. Teenage Pregnancy Cases Province 2017 2018 Cavite 5,173 4,035 Laguna 8,140 7,094 Batangas 4,234 4,031 Quezon 4,919 3,426 Rizal 3,658 3,262 CALABARZON 26,124 21,848 Source: POPCOM Region IV-A

Nine percent of Filipinos aged 6 to 24 years are out of school-based from the 2017 Annual Poverty Indicators Survey. Females account for 63.3 percent of the out of school children and youth (OSCY). Among females OSCYs, marriage or family matters were the main reason for not attending school while among males, it is lack of personal interest.

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Moving forward

CALABARZON, having the largest population among the regions in 2015, will be one of the first regions to reach the demographic sweet spot and reap the benefits of its demographic dividend. From 2016 to 2018, its GRDP is steadily growing with an average annual GRDP growth rate of 6.27 percent. The average annual family income increased from PHP312,000 in 2015 to PHP384,000 in 2018, second to NCR and above the national average at PHP313,000. Also, CALABARZON is closing the gap with NCR in terms of average annual family income from PHP113,000 in 2015 to PHP76,000 in 2018.

The Region will continue to accelerate its demographic transition by continuing to reduce fertility and mortality, and improving the human capital especially the youth.

On reducing fertility, the government will intensify and broaden the implementation of the National Program on Population and Family Planning (NPPFP). The DBM and DILG ensure the full funding of the implementation of the NPPFP at the local level. The DepEd and POPCOM will implement the sexuality education program in all schools towards reducing teenage pregnancies. RDC Region IV-A endorsed the implementation of the sex education program in CALABARZON and adopted the Adolescent Pregnancy Action Plan. The DILG and PCW to explore using the GAD Fund and other available local funds for the localization of the NPPFP. Localization of the NPPFP will promote greater sustainability of the Program.

On reducing mortality, the full implementation of the Universal Health Act will ensure the inclusion of vulnerable citizens in the National Health Insurance Program, expand PhilHealth coverage to include free medical consultations and laboratory tests and guarantee equitable access to quality and affordable health care. More than the Act, health infrastructures and workers especially doctors should be increased.

On improving the youth, the implementation of the First 1000 Days Act will help produce healthy children and reduce incidence of stunting. There is a need also to reduce OSCYs in CALABARZON. Regional data on OSCYs maybe established. LGUs and concerned regional line agencies should join hands to emphasize the importance of education to OSCYs especially to the girls and women who could greatly enforce the labor force. Free tuition fees on government schools will encourage more enrolment.

Moreover, CALABARZON should maximize the gains from its demographic dividend by creating economic opportunities for the working class not only for employment but also for entrepreneurship. Financial literacy of CALABARZON citizens should be increased for them to save enough money for their retirement.

Current challenges on reaching the demographic dividend are on: a) increasing the use of modern contraceptives; b) decreasing infant, maternal and under-five mortality rates especially in the Province of Quezon; c) continue reducing the incidence of teenage pregnancy; and d) reducing OSCYs.

Chapter 13: REACHING FOR DEMOGRAPHIC DIVIDEND 85

Recommendations The following are the recommendations to reach and harness the demographic dividend.

Challenges Recommended Strategies Increasing the use of modern Increase the number of stocks of implants and IUDs for distribution contraceptives to LGUs

Ensure availability of FP commodities to LGUs

Train service providers including on Long Acting Methods and FP counselling.

Strengthen stand-alone FP clinics and FP in the hospitals.

Intensify promotion the use of modern FP through massive information and health education campaign.

Improve collection of data from LGUs.

Guarantee continuity of FP supplies at LGUs

Address the issue on the rapid turn- over of trained personnel and lack of permanent manpower

Decreasing infant, maternal and Increase Level 2 and Level 3 hospitals under-five mortality rates Increase health workers

Improve health care systems

Strengthen IEC on available government health programs for children and mothers

Ensure availability of blood at all times.

Increase capacity of hospitals especially

Levels 2 & 3 in deliveries of high-risk pregnant women.

Increase health workers and capacitate with proper training (BEmONC & CEmONC)

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Reducing teenage pregnancy case Intensify Adolescent Health and Development (AHD) Program which includes Training of Trainers, Peer Helping Program, AHD Film Dissemination, Parent-Teen Talk and Teenage Pregnancy Symposiums in partnership with LGUs Implement Adolescent Pregnancy Action Plan

Reducing OSCYs Establish annual regional data on OSCYs

Encourage OSCYs to enroll in schools by developing program similar to AHD

Program or stricter local policies requiring all children and youth to enroll Getting maternal mortality rate Require reporting health facilities to provide statistics on maternal based on the residential location of mortality based on the residential location of the deceased to get the deceased not on the place of accurate data per province occurrence

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88 Chapter 13: REACHING FOR DEMOGRAPHIC DIVIDEND

Chapter 14 Vigorously Advancing Science, Technology, and Innovation

This Chapter assesses CALABARZON’s performance in promoting science, technology, and innovation (STI) in the region.

Four subsector outcomes were monitored: 1) STI in the agriculture, industry, and services sectors improved; 2) investments in technology-based start-ups, enterprises, and spin-offs increased; 3) creative capacity for knowledge and technology generation, acquisition, and adoption enhanced; and 4) open collaboration among actors in the STI ecosystem strengthened (Figure 14.1).

Figure 14.1 Strategic Framework to Advance Science, Technology and Innovation

Chapter 14: VIGOROUSLY ADVANCING SCIENCE, TECHNOLOGY, AND INNOVATION 89

Accomplishments7

Promote and accelerate technology adoption

STI utilization in the agriculture, industry, and services sectors increased

Technology

To hasten the utilization of STI in CALABARZON, the promotion and dissemination of information on the new or available technologies that can improve the productivity of agriculture, industry, and services sectors should be rigorous to reach more adopters.

Number of Promoted Technologies Increased. There was an increase of 6.99 percent in the number of technologies promoted, from 186 in 2018 to 199 in 2019 (Table 1). The increase may be attributed to the conduct of various promotional activities such as regional and provincial fora, fairs and exhibits on DOST programs, projects, and technologies to stakeholders (Regional S&T Week, Regional Invention Contest and Exhibits and Teknolohiya at Inobasyon, Kaagapay ng Micro Enterprises, participation to Los Baños Science Community Foundation, Inc.’s Syensaya, DTI Region IV-A’s Kalakal CALABARZON, Quezon’s Niyog- niyugan Festival, and invitation to school/university fairs and exhibits).

The consistent and on-time use of social media in promoting technologies by featuring the conduct of technology trainings in the region also contributed to the increase.

Table 14.1 Number of technologies promoted, CALABARZON, 2018-2019. Indicator Target Accomplishment 2018 2019 2018 2019 Number of technologies 86 100 186 199 promoted Source: DOST Region IV-A

Number of Adopted Technologies Increased. In 2019, the number of adopted technologies declined compared to 2018 because of the difficulty in identifying potential adopters of publicly-funded technologies. In addition, most of the identified customers were already served during the previous years and have adopted their in-house information systems. Nonetheless, the 2019 target of 48 technologies was surpassed by 75 percent with 84 adopted technologies (Table 2). Relatedly, the DOST has strengthened its partnership with regional line agencies and HEIs/SUCs to address the issue and accelerate the transfer/deployment of technologies. This was done through increased utilization of Negosyo Centers, entrepreneurial organizations, technology business incubators, R&D centers and food innovation centers from HEIs/SUCs.

7 The 2017-2019 data have changed from the previously RDC-endorsed 2018 Regional Development Report in June 2019 and the updated RDP 2017-2022 in December 2019 because of further enhancements and the fine-tuning made by the DOST IV-A to harmonize operational definition of key performance indicators. This is applicable to the following indicators: 1) number of technologies promoted; 2) number of technologies: adopted/utilized; 3) number of technology adopters; 4) number of S&T interventions provided; 5) number of firms provided with S&T Services; and 6) number of S&T promotional activities conducted 90 Chapter 14: VIGOROUSLY ADVANCING SCIENCE, TECHNOLOGY, AND INNOVATION

Additional staff was also hired in 2020 to improve utilization of local R&D outputs and competitiveness.

Table 14.2. Number of technologies: adopted/utilized, CALABARZON, 2018-2019. Indicator Target Accomplishment 2018 2019 2018 2019 Number of technologies adopted/utilized 44 48 100 84 Source: DOST Region IV-A

Number of Technology Adopters Increased. There was an increase of 8.42 percent, from 95 in 2018 to 103 in 2019 (Table 3). The increase has also exceeded the 2019 target of 44. This was made possible through deployment, technology transfer agreements, promotion, and commercialization services, and conduct of S&T promotional activities. In addition, the incorporation of technology interventions in major programs such as SETUP, CEST, and Community Based Projects led to an increase of technology adopters. Reported adopters of the STI came from the MSMEs, LGUs, cooperatives/association/people’s organization, and academe.

Table 14.3. Number of technology adopters, CALABARZON, 2018-2019. Indicator Target Accomplishment 2018 2019 2018 2019 Number of technology 40 44 95 103 adopters increased Source: DOST Region IV-A

Innovation

Performance in improving existing technologies and creating new ones decreased. The region also measures the performance of intellectual property rights (IPR) registrations for patents, industrial designs (ID) and utility models (UM).

Table 4 shows that the number of Filipino patents granted increased from 0 in 2018 to 2 in 2019, and higher than the 2019 target of 1. On the other hand, the numbers of Filipino UMs have decreased, from 45 in 2018 to 39 in 2019, but higher than the 2019 target of 25. The number of Filipino IDs registered also went down from 81 in 2018 to 48 in 2019, and below than the 2019 target of 58.

Table 14.4. Intellectual Property Rights Registrations, CALABARZON, 2018-2019. Indicator Baseline Target Accomplishment 2015 2018 2019 2018 2019* Number of Filipino 2 1 0 2 patents granted increased (cumulative) Number of Filipino 30 25 45 39 utility models registered increased (cumulative)

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Number of Filipino 48 58 81 48 industrial designs registered increased (cumulative) *data as of January 15, 2020; Source: IPOPHL

In terms of the number of filings for Filipino IPR patents and UMs applications, it decreased from 64 in 2018 to 43 in 2019, and from 82 in 2018 to 81 in 2019, respectively. However, the number of Filipino IDs filed increased from 49 in 2018 to 87 in 2019. Only the Filipino IDs filed surpassed the target for 2019 (Table 5).

Table 14.5. Intellectual Property Rights Applications, CALABARZON, 2018-2019. Indicator Baseline Target Accomplishment 2015 2018 2019 2018 2019* Number of Filipino 42 49 64 43 patents filed increased Number of Filipino 48 89 82 81 utility model filed increased Number of Filipino 50 49 49 87 industrial design filed increased *data as of January 15, 2020; Source: IPOPHL

The reason for the low level of IPRs granted or registered was due to the long processing time that is dependent on the submission of documents. Issuance of patents takes four years from the time of application (18 months waiting time, 6 months upon application). On the other hand, industrial designs and utility models have an average waiting time of 9 months and 10 months, respectively. The IPOPHL as the government’s oversight body cannot determine in advance from what specific location/region the IP applicant will come from, hence the increase or decrease in the regional IPR grants/registrations is not determined. Additionally, the target setting at the regional level was only started in 2019. Furthermore, IPOPHL has a limited number of intellectual property satellite offices (IPSOs) and innovation and the technology support offices (ITSOs) to cater to the IPR applicants. IPSOs serve as branch offices of IPOPHL situated throughout Luzon, Visayas, and Mindanao, and housed in DTI offices, while ITSOs are universities and institution-partners of IPOPHL that have been equipped with in- house patent libraries.

Investments in STI-based start-ups, enterprises, and spin-offs increased

Number of S&T interventions provided is within target. The number of S&T interventions provided increased from 761 in 2018 to 802 in 2019, and exceeded the 2019 target of 535 (Table 6). The S&T interventions such as trainings and fora related to food safety, GMP, and STARBOOKS, consultancy and technical services, testing and calibration services, packaging and labeling design assistance, and innovation support system fund were provided mostly from sectors from food processing, followed by the metals & engineering and agriculture/ marine/ aquaculture. The increase was attributed with assistance to 110 new SETUP and GIA-CBP

92 Chapter 14: VIGOROUSLY ADVANCING SCIENCE, TECHNOLOGY, AND INNOVATION projects in providing technology-based solutions. This was also brought about by the increased efforts from field operations and provincial S&T centers to achieve performance in providing support mechanisms for MSMEs, industries and others in CALABARZON region.

Table 14.6. Number of S&T interventions provided, CALABARZON, 2018-2019. Indicator Target Accomplishment 2018 2019 2018 2019 Number of S&T Interventions 502 535 761 802 provided Source: DOST Region IV-A

Number of Firms Provided with S&T Services. The number of customers (firms) assisted decreased from 2,851 in 2018 to 1,490 in 2019 but above the 2019 target of 1,120 (Table 7).

The drastic increase of firms provided with S&T services in 2018 from 2017 is due to a seasonal training event conducted on that year in Batangas Province which drew a massive number of participating firms which became beneficiaries of technology services by DOST Region IV-A.

These firms were MSMEs that are supported by DOST in enhancing their operational efficiency and in upgrading their productivity and competitiveness through SETUP. The SETUP provides technology-based solutions for improved quality of product/services, increased sales and production, skilled human resource, and advanced production capability.

Table 14.7. Number of firms provided with S&T Services, CALABARZON, 2018-2019. Indicator Baseline Target Accomplishment 2018 2019 2018 2019 Number of Firms Provided with 1,408 1,120 2,851 1,490 S&T Services Source: DOST Region IV-A

Number of jobs generated increased. Table 8 shows that the 2,145 jobs generated in 2019 exceeded the 2,046 jobs generated in 2018. This is due to enhancement of operational efficiency and in upgrading the productivity and competitiveness through DOST’s banner program – SETUP. It provides technology-based solutions that lead to the improved quality of product and services, increased sales and production, skilled human resource, and advanced production capability.

Table 14.8. Number of jobs generated, CALABARZON, 2018-2019. Indicator Target Accomplishments 2018 2019 2018 2019 Number of jobs generated 2,500 2,500 2,046 2,145 Source: DOST Region IV-A

On the other hand, the 2019 performance on job generation in the S&T sector fell short of the 2,500 target. The decrease was attributed to the automation of manual processes of MSME which led them to reduce their need for manpower. Also, due to the re-enactment of the previous year’s budget, there is a limited innovation enabling the fund to support new

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MSMEs/SETUP beneficiaries. However, the increase in production volume directly increased the MSMEs' input-output demands (requirement of resources from their backward linkages such as subcontractors, suppliers, input service collaborators) and improved their upstream linkages (they began to develop domestic supply chains within their own industries).

Provide access to science and technology information and services

Number of S&T promotional activities conducted increased. The S&T promotional activities conducted in 2019 increased to 15 from 11 in 2018 and above the 2019 target of 5 (Table 9). The increase is attributed to promotional activities conducted through different media platforms and mobilization of provincial information officers to reach communities needing technological interventions.

The major S&T promotional activities were Teknolohiya at Inobasyon, Kaagapay ng Micro Enterprises (TIKME) trade show event, national and regional S&T Week, S&T caravans, and regional invention contest and exhibits.

Table 14.9. Number of S&T promotional activities conducted, CALABARZON, 2017-2019. Indicator Target Accomplishment 2017 2018 2019 2017 2018 2019 Number of S&T promotional activities 0 5 5 3 11 15 conducted Source: DOST Region IV-A

Stimulate innovation

Creative capacity for knowledge and technology generation, acquisition, and adoption enhanced

Number of R&D Centers and Innovation hubs maintained. In 2018, two R&D Centers were established in addition to the four innovation centers being maintained and monitored by DOST Region IV-A. The two R&D Centers are the Regional Design and Creation Hub for Innovation in MSMEs and Education (RDCHIME) and the Center for Hazard and Environmental Resource Mapping (CHERM).

The Regional Design and Creation Hub for Innovation in MSMEs and Education (RDCHIME) aims to strengthen partnership/ties between DOST and academic sector in enhancing design, animation and creative industry in the region. The Center for Hazard and Environmental Resource Mapping (CHERM) aims to empower and develop resilient communities through an S&T based hazard prevention and mitigation system harmonizing/integrating maps into layers or overlay which can be customized for LGUs, investors, developers, and others.

On the other hand, the four innovation centers include two Innovation, Design and Development (IDD) laboratories in partnership with Laguna State Polytechnic University (LSPU) in San Pablo City, Laguna and Cavite State University (CavSU) in Rosario, Cavite; and two Food Innovation Centers (FICs) in partnership with University of the Philippines Los Baños (UPLB) in Los Baños, Laguna and Batangas State University (BatStateU) in Batangas City.

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As of 2019, a total of seven R&D facilities/innovation laboratories are operating and being maintained by DOST Region IV-A (two IDD laboratories in LSPU San Pablo and CavSU Rosario, RDCHIME in Rizal, CHERM in Quezon, two FICs in UPLB and BatStateU, and CALABARZON Food Solution Hub in LSPU Sta. Cruz).

Number of R&D proposals evaluated and endorsed increased. Twelve proposals were evaluated and endorsed for 2019, higher than 2018 (six). Most of these proposals are from agriculture (4), industry/emerging technology (3), DRRM (2) and others.

The R&D projects in the region are streamlined and consolidated through R&D information system Exchange of Probes, Learnings and Outputs of Researches (EXPLORE) maintained by DOST Region IV-A. It gives information on the completed and on-going researches in the region.

A total of 16 SUCs/agencies are currently subscribed, and contribute 508 entries in the EXPLORE database.

Balik Scientist engagement is yet to start. The government’s program initiative to engage a Balik Scientist in the area of microbiology detection kit development project is yet to be started.

Accomplishment in 2019 includes coordination with former Balik Scientist for preliminary work on the proposed project and determination of baseline data and annual targets for the region.

Number of in-house R&D projects maintained. In-house R&D projects conducted from 2017 to 2019 period were mostly ICT-based: Rx-Detec, Sensing Environmental Parameters through Telemetry (SENTRY), Deployment of Early Warning Systems (DEWS), 21st Century Learning Environment Model (CLEM) Classroom, and DARIUS. 2017 and 2018 marked the start of the conceptualization and development of said ICT projects while 2019 was dedicated to rolling out the ICT systems to adopters.

Number of STEM graduates in HEIs increased. In terms of youth involvement in S&T, the number of Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics (STEM) graduates in higher education institutions (HEIs) increased from 10,050 in Academic Year (AY) 2016-2017 to 11,495 in 2017-2018. This pertains to graduates of degree programs in Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics in tertiary education. The reason for the increase is the graduation of the 5th year engineering students and returning students. Data for STEM graduates in HEIs for AY 2018-2019 is not yet available from CHED.

Number of STEM enrollees in HEIs decreased. In contrast, the number of enrollees under STEM of HEIs decreased from 66,926 in AY 2016-2017 to 54,161 in AY 2017-2018. The reason is that the students have enrolled to other non-STEM degree programs, and that some state universities and colleges (SUCs) do not submit data on enrolment to CHED (Table 10). Data for STEM enrolees in HEIs for AY 2018-2019 is not yet available from CHED.

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Table 14.10. Number of STEM enrollees and graduates in HEIs, CALABARZON, 2017- 2019. Indicator Target Accomplishment AY AY AY AY AY AY ‘16-‘17 ‘17-‘18 ‘18-‘19 ‘16-‘17 ‘17-‘18 ‘18-‘19 Number of STEM 66,926 54,161 enrolees in HEIs increased (in million, cumulative) Number of STEM 10,050 11,495 graduates in HEIs increased Source: CHED Region IV

Number of STEM enrollees in high school increased. On the other hand, the enrolees in high school under STEM increased from 69,708 in SY 2017-2018 to 74,550 in SY 2018-2019 to 87,782 in SY 2019-2020 (Table 11). This pertains to the STEM academic strand under the K- 12 Basic Education Program of DepEd. The constant increase is attributed to the following reasons: 1) increase in capacity on schools offering STEM academic track strand; 2) strong senior high school program campaign and career guidance orientation for Grade 10 learners; 3) strong partnerships from stakeholders; 4) sustainable scholarship programs and voucher system of Private Education Assistance Committee; and 5) learner preference as a preparatory track for their collegiate course. On the other hand, for STEM graduates in high school, the number decreased from 36,078 in SY 2017-2018 to 29,622 in SY 2018-2019. The decrease is attributed to the following reasons: 1) shifting/transfer to other track/strand; 2) migration/transfer of residency; 3) financial difficulties leading to dropping out; and 4) high maintaining grade in STEM strand. Data for STEM graduates for SY 2019-2020 is not yet available.

Table 14.11. Number of STEM enrolees and graduates in senior high school, CALABARZON, 2017-2019. Indicator Baseline Target Accomplishment SY SY SY SY SY SY SY ‘16-‘17 ‘17-‘18 ‘18-‘19 ‘19-‘20 ‘17-‘18 ‘18-‘19 ‘19-‘20 Number of STEM 43,335 44,461 45,587 46,713 69,708 74,550 87,782 track enrollees in senior high school increased Number of STEM 37,414 41,028 42,835 36,078 29,622 Not yet graduates in senior available high school increased Source: DepEd Region IV-A

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Open collaboration among actors in the STI ecosystem strengthened

Establish strong linkage between STI actors. A total of 14 of STI collaborations in the region is spearheaded by DOST Region IV-A for 2019. It includes the sectors of industry, health, education, ICT, and DRRM.

Moving Forward

The performance of the STI sector indicates the need to continue the S&T interventions in the region through stronger collaboration between and among DOST agencies, SUCs, other government agencies, and private sector.

Recommendations

The following are recommended strategies to achieve the subsector outcomes of the STI sector.

Challenges Strategies Implementing Agencies Difficulty in acquiring timely and relevant Improve and fast track efforts to produce DOST, CHED STI data timely and relevant collection of regional disaggregated data and inter-agency - STI sector does not capture the reports generated*: R&D initiatives/data of private/corporate industry in the  DOST to lead consolidation/ region. Private companies have development of database on reservations in providing their own indicators, baseline targets and R&D data performance accomplishments to effectively monitor the STI sector - lack of timely and relevant data to at the regional level keep track of STI development and  Institutionalize and mainstream the its contribution to economic growth results of the NEDA R&D Scoping at the regional and national level, Study on STI Statistics and the Sustainable Development  Adopt STI statistical framework for Goals. regional utilization of data gathering, identifying data gaps, Lack of standard indicators used and policy making, monitoring of the generated by STI concerned agencies RDP/RM indicators  Monitor and harmonize STI - inconsistencies in data released by indicators with relevant the agencies, makes it difficult to Sustainable Development Goals monitor and assess the (SDG’s) indicators and its contribution to the RDP 2017-2022

 Data on indicators for R&D Expenditure by Region and by Sector, R&D expenditure as a proportion of GRDP, and R&D Personnel and Researchers per million population is obsolete. * R&D Survey for 2017 data is ongoing, to be published in 2020. DOST has engaged UPLB's Institute of Statistics to generate data on R&D expenditure as a proportion of GDP. Data production is to be completed by 2020 Chapter 14: VIGOROUSLY ADVANCING SCIENCE, TECHNOLOGY, AND INNOVATION 97

performance and progress of the STI sector Strengthen CHED oversight on requiring all SUCs and HEIs to submit data on A total of 26 indicators in Chapter enrolment and graduates in their Higher 14 RM were identified during the Education Management Information plan formulation in 2017. This System (HEMIS) increased to 27 indicators during the preparation of the Updated RDP. Also, the Indicators were added and removed during the annual validation process Decrease in number of IP applications Streamline processes for IPR IPOPHL, CHED and registrations in the region application/registration to reduce turn- around time

Expand IPOPHL’s Mind2Market Program by enjoining more government- partners

Intensify IP awareness, education and information initiative campaign for MSMEs in the region through basic orientation seminars, one-on-one consultations/IP clinics, patent drafting seminars, and capability building seminar/ workshops

Extend the implementation of the Trademark Incentive Project (Juana Make A Mark) to engage the MSMEs in brand developing and IP protection

Juana Make a Mark is a trademark registration incentive program that provides reduced cost for eligible MSMEs.

Expand IPOPHL’s Mind2Market Program by enjoining more government- partners

The Mind2Market program aims to assist innovators throughout their IP journey, from creation, development to commercialization. Current government partners are the Board of Investments, the DTI's Bureau of Small and Medium Enterprise Development, and the Philippine Rice Research Institute.

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Expand and strengthen presence of IPOPHL through setting up more Innovation and Technology Support Offices (ITSOs) and its satellite offices within the region to improve performance of IPR applications

Consider reduction of fees in IPR applications

CHED and IPOPHL to promote better awareness of the first IP elective course and IP modules integrated in relevant courses such as Science, Technology, Literature, Music, the Arts, Mass Communications, Humanities, and Business

Push for the implementation of the National Intellectual Property Strategy (NIPS) Project to promote cooperation between stakeholders in the STI ecosystem

The NIPS Project aims to craft deliberate and focused strategic approaches to address issues and concerns that hinder Filipinos from benefiting fully from the IP system Low number of enrolees in STEM in Promote critical thinking and CHED, DOST higher education institutions (HEIs) innovative behaviour

Intensify promotion of STEM courses in HEIs

Full scholarships for STEM courses in all senior high schools and HEIs

Expand DOST-Science Education Institute’s (DOST-SEI) Science Teacher Academy for the Regions (STAR) project to improve teaching and learning of science and mathematics at the primary and secondary levels and schools, including other HEIs in the region

Mainstream, expand and accelerate implementation of the Innovation for Social Impact Partnership (ISIP) Project to more HEIs in the region

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ISIP is a three-year project that aims to support promising innovative Social Enterprises (SEs) in the Philippines to collectively contribute to the achievement, acceleration, and sustainability of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). It is a project co-implemented by the United Nations Development Programme, and PhilDev Foundation, supported by the Australian Embassy in the Philippines. SEs will be provided technical support and improved capacity to access capital and attract impact investors (www.isip- ph.com)

Intensify promotion of Technopreneurship 101 Course (Engineering Entrepreneurship or Entrepreneurship for Engineers) to the academe

Technopreneurship 101 is a basic entrepreneurship course crafted for engineering and technology courses into the college curricula in 2018. It is designed to explore the entrepreneurial mindset and culture utilizing a technology or engineering background of the engineering students

Increase funding for human resource development

Increase budget to expand the undergraduate and graduate scholarship programs of DOST-SEI to further encourage students to pursue STI courses

Support the region’s research and development agenda

Promote the CALABARZON Regional Development Research Agenda 2018- 2022 and CALABARZON Information and Communications Technology Plan 2018-2022 to the academe, government agencies, local government units, private

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firms through all forms of media and methodologies Lack of awareness of general public of Increase public awareness of DOST’s DOST available locally-made technologies for programs, projects and technologies disaster prevention, mitigation and through its mainstream media (radio and response TV), social media platforms (e.g. using Facebook ads to increase reach), S&T fairs, seminars, conventions, exhibits and invention contests Less support given to local Provide more budgetary support and DOST scientists/innovators and local R&D incentives to local scientists/innovators and R&D

Increase R&D budget of the oversight and attached agencies

Major Programs and Projects

The following are the programs and projects supportive of the priority strategies and will contribute to subsector outcomes:

1. Small Enterprise Technology Upgrading Program 2.0 (SETUP 2.0) 2. Grants-In-Aid-Community Based Projects (GIA-CBP) 3. Establishment/upgrading of innovation hubs in support of Science for Change Program (S4CP) and Niche Centers in the Regions for R&D (NICER) under the Collaborative R&D Program for the Academe, Industry and Government Institutions:  Makapuno R&D Center in Quezon Province  Tropical Wine and Distilled Spirits R&D Center in Quezon Province  Micro-Hydro R&D Center in Rizal Province  Productivity Design R&D Center in Cavite Province 4. Community Empowerment through S&T (CEST) Program and Agroforestry Support Program for Enhancing Resiliency of Community-Based Forest Management Areas (ASPIRE-CBFM) 5. S&T fairs promoting S&T innovations and entrepreneurship for STI advocacy 6. Support program on ICT Innovations and harmonization of Data Analytics-Ready Info Unified System (DARIUS) 7. Enhancement of research capabilities of schools/SUCs to provide an environment for innovation through the Regional Design and Creation Hub for Innovation in MSMEs and Education (RDCHIME) and 21st Century Learning Environment Model (CLEM) Classroom 8. Support programs for disaster prevention and mitigation and project on Center for Hazard and Environmental Resource Mapping (CHERM) 9. Advancing the global competitiveness of the food manufacturers in CALABARZON through programs on Food Safety, Nutrition, and Health 10. Technology Innovation for Commercialization (TECHNICOM) Program 11. National Intellectual Property Strategy Project 12. Trademark Incentive Projects - "Juana Make A Mark", “Juana Invent” and “Juana Design” 13. Mind2Market Program

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Chapter 15 Ensuring Sound Macroeconomic Policy

The overall economic situation of CALABARZON improved with rapidly paced output growth driven mainly by the manufacturing sector. Growth targets for 2018 were met except in the agriculture, forestry, and fisheries (AFF) sector. Employment and underemployment levels also improved, despite the growing population and workforce in the region, due to more employment opportunities brought about by the continuous expansion of industry and services. Inflation declined to 2.6 percent, marking a recovery from last year’s inflation which peaked to as high as 4.8 percent.

In terms of poverty among families and population, the region achieved and performed better than its 2018 targets. However, eradicating poverty in the Region remains a challenge as shown by persistent poverty in rural and predominantly agricultural areas. Furthermore, the role of LGUs in delivering social services and bringing about local development is highlighted with the upcoming increase of share in internal revenue allotment.

Table 15.1 GRDP Growth Rate and Targets, CALABARZON, 2011-2018 (in percent). 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 GRDP Target - 7.0 5.5-6.5 5.7-6.7 6.2-7.2 6.6-7.6 5.2-6.8 5.3-7.1 Actual 1.7 7.3 6.7 5.1 5.8 4.8 6.7 7.3 AFF Target 1.2 2.5 2.7-3.7 2.9-3.9 3.0-4.0 3.2-4.2 2.0-3.5 2.2-3.7 Actual 1.2 2.5 3.7 -1.2 2.6 3.4 -0.6 0.7 Industry Target 0.1 6.9 4.5-5.5 4.7-5.7 5.1-6.1 5.5-6.5 5.0-7.0 5.2-7.0 Actual 0.1 7.3 6.3 6.5 5.7 3.6 7.8 7.9 Services Target 4.9 8.0 8.0-9.0 8.2-9.2 8.7-9.7 9.0-10.0 6.0-7.6 6.1-7.7 Actual 4.9 8.1 7.9 3.8 6.7 7.3 6.0 7.1 Source: Philippine Statistics Authority (PSA), Calabarzon Regional Development Plan (RDP) 2017-2022

Table 15.2. Gross Regional Domestic Product at constant 2000 prices, Calabarzon, 2013- 2018 (in Php ‘000). Industry/Year 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 GRDP 1,230,372,013 1,302,297,272 1,364,736,594 1,456,341,332 1,562,497,002 AFF 70,299,391 72,134,407 74,622,793 74,146,533 74,650,865 Industry 764,007,392 807,516,677 836,700,049 901,666,083 973,201,658 Services 396,065,230 422,646,188 453,413,752 480,528,716 514,644,480 Source: PSA Region IV-A

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Figure 15.1. Framework to Ensure Sound Macroeconomic Policy.

Accomplishments

As of 2018, the CALABARZON’s economy grew at 7.3 percent with an increase by 0.6 percentage index point from the 6.7 percent growth in 2017. This growth exceeded the high end of the plan growth target at 7.1 percent for 2018. The Region’s high growth was attributed to the strong performance of the manufacturing subsector which accounts for 54 percent of the Region’s economy, driven mainly by the continuous demand for electronic products, machinery and transport equipment, metals, and chemicals. The construction subsector also grew by 9.5 percent due to more construction activities by the government through its Build, Build, Build Program. CALABARZON recorded the largest share of more than a third of the country’s total industrial output; thus, the Region remains to be the primary industrial powerhouse of the country. In the services sector, CALABARZON contributed 9.7 percent to the total output, the second highest next to NCR which had more than half in share. CALABARZON was also the second highest contributor to the total output in AFF sector with a 10.0 percent share next to Central Luzon with 16.8 percent share.

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Starting 2019, PSA will be using 2018 prices as the baseline year for measuring the Gross Domestic Product. The same baseline year will be used for Gross Regional Domestic Product (GRDP). The 2019 GRDP data will be released in October following the rebasing.

Labor and Employment

CALABARZON continues to have the largest share in the country’s labor force mainly due to its population size which is also the largest among the regions. The Region’s labor force participation rate increased by 1.4 percentage points from 62.7 in 2018 to 64.1 percent in 2019.

The Region was successful in meeting its employment and underemployment targets. The employment rate increased to 93.9 percent in 2019 from 93.4 percent in 2018 as there were more jobs created and job facilitations conducted by the government and the academe that resulted to immediate employment. At the same time, unemployment rate continued to decline and dropped below its annual targets for 2018 and 2019. Underemployment rate also decreased to 11.8 percent in 2019 from 13.4 percent in 2018indicating better quality jobs in the Region.

Table 15.3 Employment, Unemployment and Underemployment Rate, CALABARZON, 2017-2019 (in percent). Indicators 2017 2018 2019 Target Actual Target Actual Target Actual Employment Level Increasing 5,800 Increasing 5,913 Increasing 6,201 Employment rate 91-93 93.0 91-93 93.4 91-93 93.9 Unemployment rate 7-9 7.0 7-9 6.6 7-9 6.1 Underemployment rate 17.5 14.0 17.0 13.4 16.50 11.8 Source: PSA Region IV-A

The improved employment situation reflects the continuous generation of job opportunities in the Region brought about by increased economic activities in the services and industry sectors which captured the majority of employed persons. The services sector remained as the main source of employment in the Region with a share of 64 percent, followed by industry at 28 percent (Table 15.4). Contribution to employment was lowest in agriculture and fishery at 9 percent. The sector also continued to exhibit a declining sectoral share from 2016 to 2018.

Table 15.4 Employment Distribution by Sector in CALABARZON, 2016-2019 (in percent). Sector 2016 2017 2018 2019* Number Share Number Share Number Share Number Share (‘000) (%) (‘000) (%) (‘000) (%) (‘000) (%) All 5,687 100 5,800 100 5,913 100 - - Agriculture & 554 9.74 536 9.24 526 8.90 - - Fishery Industry 1,565 27.52 1,513 26.08 1,628 27.53 - - Services 3,568 62.74 3,751 64.68 3,759 63.57 - - Source: PSA *Data for 2019 are not yet available

Furthermore, the increased generation of jobs due to the rapidly growing economy was complemented by ongoing programs for job facilitation and improved access to job opportunities such as DOLE’s Special Program for Employment of Students (SPES) and JobStart. SPES is a youth employment-bridging program which aims to provide temporary

Chapter 15: ENSURING SOUND MACROECONOMIC POLICY 105 employment to poor and deserving students, out-of-school youth, and dependents of displaced or would-be displaced workers. Meanwhile, JobStart aims to enhance the employability of youth through training (life skills and technical skills required by industries), paid internship, and full-cycle employment facilitation services. Public Employment Services (PESOs), on the other hand, offers job search assistance to jobseekers, employers, students, out-of-school youth, migrant workers, persons with disabilities (PWDs), returning OFWs, displaced workers, researchers and planners, senior citizens, and other PESOs and government entities by providing labor market information, referral and placement, and employment coaching and career counseling. Specific programs include:

a. Special Program for the Employment of Students (SPES) b. Job Fairs c. PhilJobnet / PESO Employment Information System (PEIS) d. National Skills Registry Program (NSRP) e. DOLE Government Internship Program (DOLE-GIP) f. Tulong Pangkabuhayan para sa Ating Disadvantaged Workers (TUPAD) g. DOLE Integrated Livelihood and Emergency Employment Program (DILEEP) h. JOBSTART i. Pre-Employment Orientation Seminar (PAOS)

Inflation

The inflation rate in CALABARZON declined by 2.2 percent index points from 4.8 percent in 2018 to 2.6 percent in 2019 due to stability in the supply of food items, in particular rice, bread and cereals. Education inflation rate was regulated following the implementation of the free tuition program for public tertiary education. Changes in the prices of other commodities such as transport and communication were also maintained at a lower level. The Region had achieved its target of maintaining inflation below 5 percent. However, inflation in the Region is 0.1 index point higher than the national rate of 2.5 percent. On the other hand, the Region has the same inflation rate as NCR.

The Province of Laguna had the lowest prices of goods, also the lowest inflation rate. The Province of Quezon, despite having the highest consumer price index, still had the lowest inflation rate along with Laguna. This can be attributed to the increase in the prices of commodities in Quezon maintained at a lower rate compared to the other provinces. Among the commodity groups that had a one index point increase in price were food and non-alcoholic beverages. Commodity groups such as transport, communication, health, and housing, water, electricity, gas and other fuels had less than one index point price increase. The highest price increase in Quezon can be traced from alcoholic beverages and tobacco, having a 19.43 percent price increase.

On the other hand, the Province of Rizal had the highest inflation rate due to the increase in the prices of food and non-alcoholic beverages (particularly meat, fish, fruits, and vegetables), alcoholic beverages and tobacco, clothing and footwear, and health (out-patient and hospital services). The education sector in the province, despite having a one index point over-all decline in 2019, still showed a high increase in pre-primary, primary, and secondary education levels.

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Table 15.5 Inflation Rate in CALABARZON, 2018-2019. Area/Year 2018 2019 Cavite 4.7 3.0 Laguna 4.8 1.7 Batangas 4.9 2.9 Rizal 4.2 3.2 Quezon 5.9 1.7 CALABARZON 4.8 2.6 Source: PSA Region IV-A

Higher prices led to the lower purchasing power of peso (PPP). In 2019, the average PPP went down to PHP0.85, lower than PHP0.02 compared to the PPP of the previous year. The decline in the PPP was due to the increase in prices in 2019 (Table 15.6). The 1.7 percent increase in the prices of goods in Quezon Province brought its PPP down to PHP 0.82, the lowest among the provinces in the region (Table 15.7).

Table 15.6 Consumer Price Index in CALABARZON, 2018-2019. Area/Year 2018 2019 Cavite 116.8 120.3 Laguna 111.0 112.9 Batangas 117.7 121.1 Rizal 114.1 117.7 Quezon 119.7 121.7 CALABARZON 115.3 118.3 Source: PSA Region IV-A

Table 15.7 Purchasing Power of Peso in CALABARZON, 2018-2019. Area/Year 2018 2019 Cavite 0.86 0.83 Laguna 0.90 0.89 Batangas 0.85 0.83 Rizal 0.88 0.85 Quezon 0.84 0.82 CALABARZON 0.87 0.85 Source: PSA Region IV-A

Poverty

CALABARZON’s upward economic growth from 2015 to 2018 translated to a better quality of life for its residents. The Region achieved its targets in lowering poverty incidence among population and among families in 2018 (Table 15.9). Based on the full-year poverty statistics for 2018, the poverty situation in CALABARZON generally improved with a 5.1 percentage point decline in poverty incidence among population from 12.2 percent in 2015 to 7.1 percent (Table 15.9). In terms of magnitude, the number of poor Filipinos in the Region went down from 1.8 million in 2015 to 1.1 million in 2018. This translates to around 700,000 individuals that were lifted from poverty between this period.

On the same positive note, poverty incidence among families declined by 4.1 percentage points from 9.1 percent in 2015 to 5.0 percent in 2018 (Table 15.11). This means that the number of

Chapter 15: ENSURING SOUND MACROECONOMIC POLICY 107 poor families was down to 189,100 in 2018 from 308,000 in 2015 or 118,900 families out of poverty. Next to the NCR, CALABARZON had the second-highest poverty threshold (income needed to meet food and non-food needs) estimated at PHP11,604 on average, for a family of five per month (Table 15.11).

A total of 306,030 individuals overcame extreme poverty from 2015 to 2018; from 3.7 percent in 2015 to 1.5 percent in 2018. Meanwhile, subsistence incidence among families, or the percentage of families who could not afford basic food needs, marked a decline of 1.6 percentage points from 2.6 percent in 2015 to 1.0 percent in 2018. The largest reduction in subsistence incidence among families in the Region was observed in Batangas with a decline of 4.7 percentage points from 5.8 percent in 2015 to 1.1 percent in 2018. Despite this, Batangas registered the highest subsistence incidence among families in the Region and the highest food threshold at PHP9,618.71. This means that its population needs a relatively higher amount of per capita income in order to meet its basic food needs. Food threshold per month for a family of five in the CALABARZON increased from PHP7,558.11 per month in 2015 to PHP 7,855.90 in 2018.

CALABARZON’s poverty incidence among population and among families was lower than the national average and the second-lowest nationwide, next to NCR. While the same downward trend was observed for all provinces in the region, Quezon and Batangas recorded poverty levels higher than the regional average. However, it is worth noting that both provinces achieved significant reductions in their poverty incidence among families by more than half of their 2015 rate and are still considered in the second to the least poor cluster of provinces nationwide (PSA, 2019). Furthermore, three out of the five provinces in the region (Cavite, Laguna, and Rizal) were considered as least poor according to the same clustering of provinces based on the 2018 Full Year poverty incidence (Table 15.12).

Table 15.8 Poverty Incidence by population and among families in CALABARZON, 2015- 2019 (in percent). Indicators 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 Target Actual Target Actual Target Actual Target Actual Target Actual Poverty n.a. 12.2 Decreas n.d. 8.4 n.d. 8 7.1 7 n.d. incidence by ing population reduced (%) Poverty n.a. 9.1 Decreas n.d. 6.2 n.d. 5.9 5.0 5.1 n.d. incidence ing among families reduced (%) Source: 2018 Full Year Poverty Statistics, PSA

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Table 15.9 Poverty Incidence Among Population in CALABARZON, 2015-2018 (in percent). Area Poverty Incidence among Population Change

2015 2018 2015-2018 Philippines 23.3 16.6 6.70 NCR 4.1 2.3 1.80 Region IV-A 12.2 7.1 5.10 (CALABARZON) Batangas 21.4 11.2 10.20 Cavite 9 5.3 3.70 Laguna8a/ 4.9 3.9 1.00 Quezon 24.4 13.4 11.00 Rizal 6.1 4.5 1.60 Source: 2018 Full Year Poverty Statistics, PSA

Table 15.10 Poverty Incidence Among Families in CALABARZON, 2015-2018 (in percent). Area Poverty Incidence among Families Change 2015 2018 2015-2018 Philippines 17.9 12.1 5.80 NCR 2.8 1.5 1.30 Region IV-A 9.1 5.0 4.10 (CALABARZON) Batangas 16.9 8.4 8.50 Cavite 6.1 3.7 2.40 Lagunaa/ 3.6 2.7 0.90 Quezon 18.4 9.3 9.10 Rizal 4.1 3.3 0.80 Source: 2018 Full Year Poverty Statistics, PSA

Table 15.11 Poverty Threshold, Incidence and Magnitude of Poverty Among Population and Among Families in CALABARZON, 2015-2018. Area Poverty Threshold Incidence among families Incidence among for a Family of Five population (PHP/month) Incidence Magnitude Incidence Magnitude (percent) (thousands) (percent) (thousands) 2015 2018 2018 2018 2018 2018 Philippines 9,452 10,727 12.1 2,986.3 16.6 17,594.7 NCR 10,495 11,951 1.5 48.4 2.3 308.6 Region IV-A 10,639 11,604 5.0 189.1 7.1 1,093.2 (CALABARZON) Batangas 12,468 13,710 8.4 57.2 11.2 322.7 Cavite 11,411 12,156 3.7 36.8 5.3 211.2 Lagunaa/ 8,852 9,870 2.7 23.2 3.9 125.0 Quezon 8,728 9,496 9.3 48.2 13.4 296.7 Rizal 10,469 11,936 3.3 23.7 4.5 137.6 Source: 2018 Full Year Poverty Statistics, PSA

8a/ Coefficient of variation of first semester 2015 provincial poverty incidence among families is greater than 20%.

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At the local level, 26 pockets of poverty or least developed municipalities (i.e. municipalities with poverty incidence higher than the national level) in the region were identified based on the 2015 Small Area Poverty Estimates (SAE), 22 of which are in Quezon and four are in Batangas. These municipalities are mostly rural with agriculture-based economy and are geographically-isolated (island-municipalities or in mountainous areas). Out of the 26 poverty- stricken municipalities, nine are conflict-affected areas. The 2015 SAE is an improvement from the 2012 estimates which identified 35 high-poverty localities. Between 2012 and 2015, a total of nine LGUs have been lifted out of the least-developed category. These include seven municipalities in Quezon (Agdangan, Padre Burgos, Mauban, Quezon, San Antonio, Unisan, and Sariaya), one in Batangas (San Juan), and one in Laguna (Mabitac) (Table 15.14). As of 2015, Batangas and Quezon are the only remaining provinces in the Region with LGUs that have high and persistent poverty.

Table 15.12 Clustering of Provinces based on 2018 Full Year Poverty Incidence among Families, CALABARZON: 2015 and 2018. Province 2015 2018 Clusterc/ Poverty Incidence Clusterc/ Poverty Incidence

Batangas 4 16.9 4 8.4 Quezon 4 18.4 4 9.3 Cavite 5 6.1 5 3.7 Laguna 5 3.6 5 2.7 Rizal 5 4.1 5 3.3 Note: Cluster 1 indicates the bottom (poorest) cluster of provinces Source: 2018 Full Year Poverty Statistics, PSA

Table 15.13 CALABARZON Least Developed Municipalities (based on 2012 & 2015 Small Area Poverty Estimates). Province Municipality 2012 2015 Batangas 1. Laurel 4. Calatagan 1. Calatagan 4. Tingloy 2. Tingloy 5. San Juan 2. Laurel 3. Lobo 3. Lobo Laguna 1. Mabitac Quezon 1. Jomalig 13. Atimonan 25. Quezon 1. Atimonan 13. Panukulan 2. Patnanungan 14. General Luna 26. San 2. Buenavista 14. Patnanungan 3. San Andres 15. Tagkawayan Antonio 3. Burdeos 15. Perez 4. Burdeos 16. Polilio 27. Unisan 4. Calauag 16. Pitogo 5. Buenavista 17. Catanauan 28. Sariaya 5. Catanuan 17. Polillo 6. Panukulan 18. Macalelon 29. Lopez 6. General Luna 18. Real 7. San Francisco 19. Real 7. General Nakar 19. San Andres 8. San Narciso 20. Guinayangan 8. Guinayangan 20. San Francisco 9. General Nakar 21. Pitogo 9. Jomalig 21. San Narciso 10. Mulanay 22. Calauag 10. Lopez 22. Tagkawayan 11. Agdangan 23. Padre Burgos 11. Macalelon 12. Perez 24. Mauban 12. Mulanay Source: RSET 2019

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With the declining trend in poverty incidence from 2015 to 2018, the Region achieved and performed better than its 2018 poverty target of 5.9 percent among families and 8.0 percent among population as set in the CALABARZON RDP 2017-2022. This shows that the Region is well on track in achieving its poverty reduction targets by the end of the plan period or even before 2022 due to the concerted and sustained poverty alleviation interventions of the government, the private sector and other development partners.

The continued implementation and enhanced targeting and delivery of the Pantawid Pamilyang Pilipino Program (4Ps) has benefitted 307,549 households in 2018 with health and education grants plus rice subsidy since 2017. The social pension program and PhilHealth coverage also continued to expand benefitting 176,265 of the elderly and 96 percent of eligible PhilHealth members, respectively9.

Poverty alleviation programs have also been continuously implemented to provide livelihood and income opportunities, and basic services to marginalized households and disadvantaged communities. From 2014 to 2018, a total of 67,104 households have been assisted through DSWD’s Sustainable Livelihood Program’s Micro-Enterprise Development Track. Moreover, a total of 467,307 households in the region have benefitted from completed projects under the Kapit-Bisig Laban sa Kahirapan-Comprehensive and Integrated Delivery of Social Services - National Community-Driven Development Program (KALAHI-CIDS-NCDDP) from 2014 to 2018. In addition, DOLE implements Integrated Livelihood and Emergency Employment Programs to contribute to poverty reduction and reduce the vulnerability to risks of the working poor, vulnerable and marginalized workers either through emergency employment, and promotion of entrepreneurship and community enterprises. Specific programs include the Kabuhayan or DOLE Integrated Livelihood Program (DILP) and the Tulong Panghanapbuhay sa Ating Disadvantaged/Displaced Workers (TUPAD) or Emergency Employment Program.

Other interventions for poverty alleviation include government convergence programs for the improved provision of basic facilities and delivery of basic services to communities. In particular, the Sagana At Ligtas Na Tubig Para Sa Lahat (SALINTUBIG) Program which aims to provide community-based water supply systems among areas with high poverty incidence, has less than 50 percent community access to water, and with high incidence of waterborne diseases, has benefitted 19,907 households in 21 LGUs in the five provinces of the Region from 2017 to 2019.

Banking System

Presence of banks in CALABARZON which has been increasing consistently from 2016 to 2018, continued to grow by 2.51 percent in 2019. The largest increase was recorded from universal and commercial banks which grew by 6.6 percent, followed by rural and cooperative banks at 1.12 percent. Thrift banks, however, exhibited a decline of 1.24 percent between 2018 and 2019. Overall, the Region has a total of 1,872 operating bank offices consisting of 775 universal and commercial banks, 556 thrift banks, and 541 rural and cooperative banks in 2019 (Table 15.14).

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Table 15.14 Number of Offices by Type of Bank: 2016-2019. Area/Type of Bank 2016 2017 2018 2019 CALABARZON 1,665 1,737 1,825 1,872 Universal & Commercial Banks 682 709 727 775 Thrift Banks 467 508 563 556 Rural & Cooperative Banks 516 520 535 541 Source: BSP-Supervisory Data Center

Universal and commercial banks account for 41.40 percent of the banks in the Region followed by thrift banks at 29.70 percent, and rural and cooperative banks at 28.90 percent. The continuous increase in the number of banks can be attributed to the high population, rapid urbanization, and upbeat economic activities in the Region.

Consistent with the growth of the number of banks, bank density ratio or the number of banks per city/municipality also increased by 1.02 percent from 12.9 in 2018 to 13.2 in 2019. Meanwhile, the number of automated teller machines (ATMs) increased marginally by 0.47 percent from 3,167 in 2018 to 3,182 in 2019 (Table 15.15). The marginal growth in the number of ATMs in 2019 highlights the need to further increase the availability of ATMs in the Region to meet the growing demand of the population for automated financial services.

Table 15.15 Number of ATMs, 2013-2019. Type of Bank 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 CALABARZON 2,107 2,254 2,566 2,848 3,023 3,167 3,182 Onsite 1,113 1,192 1,301 1,421 1,483 1,518 1,522 Universal and 860 913 978 1076 1,135 1,168 1,207 Commercial Banks Thrift Banks 194 207 248 269 272 278 235 Rural and 59 72 75 76 76 72 80 Cooperative Banks Offsite 994 1,062 1,265 1,427 1,540 1,649 1,660 Universal and 878 936 1,099 1,250 1,358 1,474 1,567 Commercial Banks Thrift Banks 115 125 161 167 169 171 89 Rural and 1 1 5 1 13 4 4 Cooperative Banks Source: BSP-Supervisory Data Center

The number of non-bank financial institutions in the Region marked an increase of 22 percent between 2018 and 2019, following a decline of 28 percent between 2017 and 2018. As of 2019, there is a total of 4,444 non-bank financial institutions in the Region (Table 15.16). The largest growth was recorded IN FXD/MC at 67.88 percent followed by RA (46.83 percent), pawnshops (15.40 percent), and FXD/MC/RA (13.30 percent).

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Table 15.16 Number of Non-Banks Financial Institutions in CALABARZON, 2016-2019. Type 2016 2017 2018 2019 a. Financing Companies 14 18 11 14 with QBS b. Pawnshops 2,348 2,351 1,539 1776 c. FXD/MC 326 334 137 230 d. FXD/MC/RA 1,181 1,110 1,323 1499 e. RA 1,271 1276 630 925 CALABARZON 5140 5089 3640 4444 Source: BSP-Lucena Branch

Microfinance Services and Cooperatives

Microfinance institutions cater to the needs of the low-income sector in terms of financial services. In this segment, financial products and services are offered by microfinance institutions which have fewer requirements compared to the formal banking sector. While the number of microfinance-oriented banks in the Region slightly declined from 32 in 2019 to 30 in 2018 (Table 15.18), the number of borrowers in CALABARZON increased by 23.89 percent in 2019. The amount of loans outstanding and savings components also increased by 15.41 percent and 13.68 percent, respectively which indicate a higher demand for micro-credit and at the same time more disposable income for savings.

Table 15.17 Annual Value of Microfinance Services Delivery in CALABARZON, 2016- 2019. Type 2016 2017 2018 2019 a. Number of microfinance- 33 31 32 30 oriented banks increased b. Number of borrowers 1,288,983 1,553,541.00 1,566,569 1,940,752 increased c. Amount of loans 9,846.56 12,455.30 16,348.60 18,868.52 outstanding (PhP) d. Savings component (in 4,342.69 6,164.67 7,965.70 9,055.78 PhP million) increased Source: BSP-Lucena Branch

There were a total of 187 registered cooperatives in the Region in 2019, all of which are classified as primary cooperatives (Table 15.19). Majority of these cooperatives were of transport type which had been consistently growing since 2015, increasing in number by 44 percent from 7 in 2015 to 72 in 2019. This was followed by credit, consumer, and agriculture cooperatives.

The number of cooperatives increased from 2018 to 2019 by 35 percent. This can be attributed to the following factors: 1) Cooperative Development Authority (CDA)’s promotion and advocacy activities such as series of fora on establishing cooperatives in each province and mass media exposure including the radio and social media; 2) assistance of National Government Agencies (NGAs) and Local Government Units (LGUs) to cooperatives; 3) CDA partnership with other NGAs (e.g. CDA-Department of Agrarian Reform, CDA-Department of Trade and Industry, CDA-Department of Agriculture, CDA-National Commission on

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Indigenous Peoples; 4) implementation of the public utility vehicle (PUV) transport modernization program which requires PUV drivers to organize into a cooperative or organization to apply for new routes or franchises; 5) tax exemption privileges under Article 60 of RA 9520, CDA-BIR Joint Rules and Regulations; 6) P3 Program of DTI; and g) implementation of Koop Kapatid.

To further strengthen the cooperative sector, the following strategies are recommended: 1) preferential treatment of government to cooperatives; 2) integrate and mainstream cooperative development programs in the LGUs' Local Comprehensive Development Plan; 3) appoint cooperative officers as a mandatory position in the LGUs; 4) request DILG through each Local Government Academy to include cooperative development or relevant laws in its basic course or trainings to be undertaken by newly elected officials; 5) support and assistance to cooperatives especially to micro and small cooperatives; 6) close linkage to NGAs, NGOs and other partner agencies for any type of assistance to cooperatives; 7) improve/upgrade the internet connectivity services of TELECOMs so as the CDA and the cooperatives can easily provide and receive online data/information; and 8) convergence with other government agencies. The cooperative sector aims to prioritize cooperative business launching for MSMEs and online marketing of farmers and fisherfolk products to ensure inclusive development of different sectors in society and enhance preparedness to the shifting of economic activities towards the use of digital platforms.

Table 15.18 Number of Registered Cooperatives in CALABARZON, 2015-2019. Type of Cooperative 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 Primary Cooperative Advocacy 0 0 0 0 3 Agrarian 1 2 0 0 1 Agriculture 7 9 35 13 17 Consumer 20 18 19 20 29 Credit 18 19 32 35 43 Dairy 1 0 0 0 0 Fishermen 0 0 0 0 4 Housing 0 0 0 0 0 Health Service 0 0 0 0 0 Labor Service 3 0 0 0 0 Marketing 12 9 5 7 2 Multi-Purpose 13 0 0 0 0 Producer 10 9 10 7 11 Service 0 0 1 2 4 Transport 6 7 22 50 72 Water Service 1 1 1 3 1 Workers 1 2 0 1 0 Sub Total 93 76 125 138 187 Secondary Cooperative Bank 0 0 0 0 0 Federation 0 2 0 1 0 Union 1 0 0 0 0 Sub Total 1 2 0 1 0 Grand Total 94 78 125 139 187 Source: CDA-Calamba Extension Office

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Local Government Resource Mobilization

LGUs continuously increase their efforts to generate more revenues. Sources of revenue for the LGUs are taxes and economic enterprises.

Table 15.19 Revenue Type, Targets, Accomplishments (in million pesos), 2016-2019. Revenue 2017 2018 2019 Type Target Actual Target Actual Target Actual

Real 15,276.37 12,813.3 16,528.03 16,330.05 15,729.54 17,714.42 Property Tax

Business 10,453.67 10,402.2 11,603.12 14,594.41 12,966.42 15,961.89 Tax

Fees and 3,243.89 3,655.1 4,213.86 4,887.00 4,601.57 5,775.13 Charges

Economic 2,115.1 2,062.2 2,062.25 2,593.01 2,147.42 2,587.27 Enterprises

42,038.71 31,089.03 28,932.80 34,407.26 38,404.47 35,444.95 42,038.71

*partial report as of April 3, 2020 Source: BLGF Region IV-A

Bulk of LGUs’ income were derived from real property tax with 42 percent, followed by business tax with 38 percent, fees and charges with 14 percent, and economic enterprises with 6 percent (Table 15.20). The total targets of the four local major sources of revenues were attained with a collection efficiency of 106 percent.10 Meanwhile, the ratio of local source of LGU income to total current operating income increased from 36.38 percent in 2018 to 41.67 percent in 2019 which indicate greater financial self-sufficiency and income stability of LGUs .

The attainment of collection targets on Real Property Tax was attributed to the adoption of the following collection strategies and administrative remedies in the collection of delinquency accounts:

a. regular Tax Information and Education Campaign through barangay assemblies

10 The BLGF Central Office issued BLGF Memorandum Circular No. 006.2020 dated March 17, 2020, for the Temporary Suspension of Uploading of Q4 FY 2019 and Q1 FY 2020 Reports of LGUs in the LIFT and the ENRDMT Systems, in line with the COVID-19 situation and in order for the local treasurers to prioritize the mobilization of necessary resources for critical, urgent and appropriate response to COVID-19. On May 20, 2020, BLGF Central Office issued Memorandum Circular regarding the deadlines for Uploading of Reports for Q4 FY 2019 on June 15, 2020 and for Q1 FY 2020 on June 30, 2020 in the LIFT and ENRDMT Systems, hence, on June 15, 2020, the LGUs report is 100% completed.

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b. Computerized Real Property Assessment and Collection System c. Updated Schedule of Market Values and conduct of General Revision of Assessment d. Discounts for advance and prompt payment of tax e. updated Certified List of Delinquencies on Real Property Tax and continuous sending of Notice of Delinquency (NOD) to delinquent taxpayers f. Public Auction of delinquent real properties.

Furthermore, the updating of revenue codes of LGUs, the conduct of examination of books of accounts of businesses, enhancement of treasury and assessment skills through capacity building, and the regular evaluation of treasury and assessment operations have significantly contributed in realizing the LGUs’ revenue targets for business taxes, fees and charges and income from economic enterprises.

Considering the increase of IRA share starting with the 2022 budget cycle with the implementation of the Supreme Court Ruling on the Mandanas Case, proper budgeting and utilization of additional funds will be essential to ensure improvement in the delivery of all devolved services. Meanwhile, the implementation of the Executive Order No. 88 of 2018 which reduces real property taxes and penalties assessed on power generation facilities of independent power producers (IPPs) under built-operate-transfer contracts with government- owned and/or -controlled corporations (GOCCs) will pose a challenge in the collections of real property tax for some host LGUs.

Based on the current performance of revenue collection in the Region and the increasing dependence of the Philippine economy to online-based transactions, the continued improvement in the mobilization of LGU resources would strongly rely on the automation of BPLS and adoption of other ICT tools. Priority programs, projects, and activities should also include the continuous updating of Local Revenue Code, preparation of market values and conduct of general revision, continuous capacity building of LGUs and conduct of regular evaluation of treasury operations on public financial management, and support to the establishment of LGU enterprise through information dissemination to LGUs on credit finance.

Moving Forward

In 2018, CALABARZON exhibited high economic growth and is well-positioned to achieve its growth targets until the end of the plan period in 2022. Growth will be driven by further expansion in the industry and services sectors by generating more investments and efficient production of quality products for the domestic and international markets. Meanwhile, modest growth is expected in AFF with intensified and more targeted programs and projects for the sector including mitigation and adaptation to climate risks.

To sustain the growth of the economy, there is a need to improve the Region’s competitiveness through infrastructure development (e.g. logistics, transport, broadband connections, power supply) for the efficient flow of goods and services and improve ease of doing business to attract more investments by global and high-value firms. To make growth inclusive, micro, small and medium enterprises (MSMEs) will be strengthened through industrial deepening, expansion of export capacities, technology and market assistance, and improvement of access to credit programs. Financial inclusiveness will be improved by increasing access to credit among MSMEs, farmers, and other low-income sectors enhancing the convergence of cooperative development programs with other government agencies must also be pursued.

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To further increase employment generation, there is a need to attract more medium to large scale industries to locate in the Region, or to support the expansion of existing industries. Continuous assistance to MSMEs and start-ups and promotion integrated livelihood programs can also increase employment. To improve access to job opportunities, existing programs on the conduct of job fairs and local recruitment activities, and PESO job facilitation activities will be strengthened. There is also a need for updating and upgrading in the provision of job trainings to equip the workforce with the necessary skills to adjust to a digital workplace and adapt to the increasing dependence of global economies on digital platforms.

Recommendations

The following will be considered to sustain economic growth and attain inclusive growth in CALABARZON:

Challenges Recommended Strategies Implementing Agencies Maintaining a stable inflation Ensure and maintain adequacy of DA, BFAR rate agricultural commodities and food supply to avoid supply-side pressure to prices through strengthening of the supply chain and provision of market development services

Address pressure to prices and prevent fluctuation in the supply chain especially during natural disasters and outbreaks of animal diseases (e.g. avian influenza, ASF, etc.) through protection and assistance measures to farmers

Continued implementation of rice tariffication to maintain price stability of rice which comprise a huge portion of food prices Stagnant growth in crops, Improve productivity of the sector DA, BFAR, DPWH marginal growth in and through the :a) utilization of production livestock and poultry, and technologies in farm mechanization consistent contraction in the and farm irrigation; b) crop fisheries sector diversification to lower risk to production losses due to climatic shocks; c) diversification into commodities with high value-adding and market potential; d) agribusiness development and increase private sector participation; e) enforcement of sustainable fisheries management; and f) increase productivity of aquaculture products through research and

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development and infrastructure development. Pockets of poverty Continued implementation of poverty DSWD, DOLE, DTI, alleviation programs like LGUs PantawidPamilyang Pilipino Program, strengthening microenterprise development under the Sustainable Livelihood Program, and other livelihood and employment generation programs

Increase labor productivity in agriculture and fisheries DA, BFAR

Timely provision of the CCT, UCT, and DSWD, LTFRB (fuel fuel subsidy to lessen the inflationary subsidy) impact of the tax reform to poor households

Provide assistance to lagging LGUs to DILG, BLGF, DHSUD prepare and implement development plans and/or poverty action plans, and increase local resource mobilization/income

Develop and implement context- DSWD, DOLE, LGUs specific poverty reduction programs that will improve productivity and provide sustainable livelihoods to the poor and income-vulnerable households and individuals DSWD, LGUs Institutionalization of Kapit-Bisig Laban saKahirapan - National Community- Driven Development Program (KALAHI-NCDDP) and adoption of local governments of the program DOLE

Continued implementation of Integrated Livelihood and Emergency Employment Programs to reduce the vulnerability of the working poor, vulnerable and marginalized workers through emergency employment, and promotion of entrepreneurship and community enterprises

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Chapter 16 Leveling the Playing Field

Improving the competitiveness of the private firms and government sector contribute to a better investment climate leading to increased economic opportunities and activities that would push the economic growth of the region. This chapter highlights the performance of the region in terms of LGUs competitiveness and firms’ market efficiency.

Figure 16.1 Strategic Framework for Leveling the Playing Field

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Assessment

LGU Competitiveness

City and Municipality Competitiveness Index (CMCI). The CALABARZON Region received 25 out of 75 awards in the 2019 CMCI rankings (Table 6.1). Specifically, 15 LGUs in the Region were in the top three rankings in various categories - 3 provinces, 5 cities, and 7 municipalities. The Provinces of Rizal, Laguna, and Cavite ranked as the 1st, 2nd and 3rd most competitive provinces, while Batangas and Quezon ranked 5th and 46th, respectively (See Chapter 5 on Ensuring People-centered, Clean, and Efficient Governance). The number of LGU awardees increased, from eight LGUs in 2018 to 15 LGUs in 2019. Majority of the 2019 CMCI awardees had improved t rankings, while the Province of Rizal consistently ranked as the most competitive province since 2016. The overall competitiveness rankings of LGUs improved in 2019, majority of LGUs in the Top 10 are from the Province of Rizal. The Regional and Provincial Competitiveness Councils provided continuous orientations and trainings to facilitate the participation of LGUs on CMCI survey. The participation of LGUs in the CMCI survey allows them to identify their strengths and weaknesses, and formulate programs to improve their competitiveness.

Table 16.1 Comparison of 2018 and 2019 Rankings of 2019 CMCI Awardees. LGU 2018 Rank 2019 Rank Overall Competitiveness (Provinces) Rizal 1st 1st Laguna 2nd 2nd Cavite 4th 3rd Overall Competitiveness (Component Cities) Antipolo City, Rizal 4th 1st Calamba City, Laguna 11th 2nd Santa Rosa City, Laguna 10th 3rd Overall Competitiveness (1st & 2nd Class Municipalities) Cainta, Rizal 2nd 1st Taytay, Rizal 1st 2nd Resiliency Pillar (3rd to 6th Class Municipalities) Pagsanjan, Laguna 57th 2nd Resiliency Pillar (1st & 2nd Class Municipalities) Binangonan, Rizal 6th 2nd San Mateo, Rizal 17th 3rd Resiliency Pillar (Component Cities) Antipolo City, Rizal 8th 1st Economic Dynamism (1st & 2nd Class Municipalities) Cainta, Rizal 1st 3rd Economic Dynamism (Component Cities) General Trias City, Cavite 6th 1st Calamba City, Laguna 4th 2nd Batangas City, Batangas 10th 3rd Government Efficiency Pillar (3rd to 6th Class Municipalities) Taal, Batangas 58th 2nd

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Government Efficiency Pillar (1st & 2nd Class Municipalities) Cainta, Rizal 11th 1st Taytay, Rizal 67th 2nd Silang, Cavite 308th 3rd Government Efficiency Pillar (Component Cities) Antipolo City, Rizal 16th 1st Santa Rosa City, Laguna 24th 3rd Infrastructure Pillar (1st & 2nd Class Municipalities) Cainta, Rizal 3rd 2nd Taytay, Rizal 5th 3rd Infrastructure Pillar (Component Cities) Antipolo City, Rizal 4th 2nd Source: DTI Region IV-A

Table 16.2 Comparison of 2018 and 2019 Overall Competitiveness Rankings of LGUs included in the Top 10, by Categories. LGU 2018 Rank 2019 Rank Provinces Rizal 1st 1st Laguna 2nd 2nd Cavite 4th 3rd Batangas 9th 5th Component Cities Antipolo City, Rizal 4th 1st Calamba City, Laguna 11th 2nd Santa Rosa City, Laguna 10th 3rd Dasmarinas City, Cavite 22nd 6th Batangas City, Batangas 13th 9th Bacoor City, Cavite 12th 10th 1st and 2nd Class Municipalities Cainta, Rizal 2nd 1st Taytay, Rizal 1st 2nd Binangonan, Rizal 6th 5th San Mateo, Rizal 14th 6th Rodriguez, Rizal 45th 7th Silang, Cavite 88th 8th Carmona, Cavite 4th 9th Angono, Rizal 8th 10th 3rd to 6th Class Municipalities Pagsanjan, Laguna 6th 5th Taal, Batangas 20th 6th Baras, Rizal 26th 10th Source: DTI Region IV-A

The competitiveness of the LGUs was assessed based on the following pillars: economic dynamism; government efficiency; infrastructure facilities; and resiliency.

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Economic dynamism

Among the most competitive component cities, General Trias ranked 1st, Calamba City ranked 2nd, and Batangas City ranked 3rd. Cainta, Rizal ranked 3rd under 1st and 2nd class municipalities. Below are some of the indicators used to assess the competitiveness of LGUs under this pillar11:

Total capitalization of new business. In CALABARZON, Batangas City recorded the largest total capitalization of new business amounting to PHP20.24 billion while Tayabas City recorded the smallest total capitalization amounting to PHP56.34 million. For the municipality level, Balete, Batangas recorded the largest total capitalization amounting to PHP2.11 billion, while Santa Teresita, Batangas recorded the smallest capitalization amounting to PHP48,250.00.

Number of approved occupancy permit. General Trias City has a total of 7,804 approved occupancy permits while Cavite City has 50 approved occupancy permits, the highest and lowest among the cities, respectively. Among the municipalities, Tanza has the highest number of approved occupancy permits with a total of 6,509 permits. The Municipalities of Jomalig and Perez in Quezon have no recorded approved occupancy permits.

Local inflation rate. Prices of goods slowed down in 2019 as evidenced by the decrease in inflation rate of the provinces. Cavite Province has an inflation rate of 3.0 percent, a 1.7 percentage index point decrease from 4.7 percent in 2018. Laguna Province has a 3.1 percentage index point decrease from 4.8 percent in 2018 to 1.7 percent in 2019. Inflation rate in Batangas Province decreased by 2 percentage index point from 4.9 percent in 2018 to 2.9 percent in 2019. Rizal has a one percentage index point decrease from 4.2 percent in 2018 to 3.2 percent in 2019. Quezon showed the highest decline in inflation rate from 5.9 percent in 2018 to 1.7 percent in 2019.

Government efficiency

For government efficiency pillar, Antipolo City ranked 1st while Sta. Rosa City ranked 3rd under the component cities category. The Municipalities of Cainta and Taytay in Rizal, and Silang, Cavite ranked 1st, 2nd, and 3rd, respectively under 1st and 2nd class municipalities category. Taal, Batangas ranked 2nd under 3rd to 6th class municipalities category. Below are some indicators used to assess the efficiency of LGUs12:

Presence of Comprehensive Development Plan (CDP). The CDP contains the vision, goals, and strategic plans of the LGU for the development of its area and constituents in the medium- term. In CALABARZON, 17 out of 19 cities and 100 out of 123 municipalities have their own CDP.

Presence of Local Investment and Incentives Code (LIIC) and local executive order. All the cities in CALABARZON have formulated their own LIIC. However, only 80 out of 123 municipalities have their LIIC.

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On the implementation of the LIIC, all cities in CALABARZON have local executive order or ordinance that mandates the implementation of the LIIC or the setting up of an Investment Promotion Unit. For the municipalities, only 92 have such local executive order.

BPLS Automation. All the cities and 80 municipalities in CALABARZON implemented the BPLS Automation in their area of jurisdiction.

Infrastructure

Under component cities category, Antipolo City ranked 2nd while Municipalities of Cainta and Taytay in Rizal ranked 2nd and 3rd, respectively under 1st and 2nd class municipalities category. In order to assess the competitiveness of LGUs in terms of its infrastructure, the following are some indicators used13:

Average hours of water services per day at the Central Business District. Water services which include water supply and sanitation are considered as the most important basic services. There are 18 cities and 115 municipalities in the region that have a 24-hour average water services. Trece Martires City, Cavite has an average of 17 hours per day, while the municipality of Luisiana, Laguna has an average of three hours per day water services.

Percentage of households with water services. Only 47.36 percent of the cities in the region (9 cities) have 100 percent of households with water services. Among the cities with no universal household water coverage, Lipa City has the highest percentage of households that have 100 percent water services, while Tayabas City has the lowest. For the municipalities, only 14.63 percent (18 municipalities) have 100 percent of its households with water services.

Average hours of electricity services per day at the Central Business District. All of the cities in CALABARZON have a 24-hour average electricity services, while only 119 out of the 123 municipalities have 24-hour electricity services. The municipalities that do not have 24-hour electricity services are Patnanungan and Jomalig in Quezon, Rosario in Cavite, and Tingloy in Batangas having the lowest average electricity services at only eight hours.

Percentage of households with electricity services. For electricity services, only 52.63 percent of cities (10 cities) and 21.95 percent of municipalities (27 municipalities) in the region have 100 percent of its households with electricity services.

Number of internet service providers. Biñan City has the most number of internet service providers with seven internet service providers while Tanauan City and General Trias City have the lowest, both having only two internet service providers. The municipalities with the highest number of internet service providers are Angono, Rizal and Carmona, Cavite both having nine providers while General Luna, San Francisco, and San Nicolas in Quezon Province have the least with only one service provider.

Resiliency

Under component cities category, Antipolo City ranked 1st while cities of Binangonan and San Mateo in Rizal ranked 2nd and 3rd respectively under 1st and 2nd class municipalities category.

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On the other hand, Pagsanjan, Laguna ranked 2nd under 3rd to 6th class municipalities category. The competitiveness of LGUs under this pillar was ranked based on the following indicators14:

Presence of a Comprehensive Land Use Plan (CLUP). The CLUP is an important planning document that rationalizes the allocation and proper use of land resources. All of the cities in CALABARZON have their own CLUPs but only 18 out of 19 have updated CLUPs. Among the municipalities, only 117 or 95 percent have CLUPs. Of the 117 municipalities, 88 have updated their CLUPs within six years.

Presence of Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Plan (DRRMP). All cities and municipalities in the region have DRRMP which contains the programs and plans of each LGU to prepare, respond, and cope with hazards and potential disasters in their area. The DRRMP of all cities and municipalities are also updated within the six-year range.

Conduct of LGU-wide disaster drill. All cities in the region conducted an LGU-wide disaster drill. However, only 122 municipalities conducted LGU-wide disaster drill.

Market Competitiveness

The total approved foreign and domestic investments in the region decreased by 1.89 percent from PHP43.28 billion in 2018 to PHP42.47 billion in 2019. The decline in investments can be attributed to the more competitive investment packages in countries and the investors’ attitude on government policy direction. The export sales in the region amounted to US$27.64 billion in 2019, a 3.44 percent decrease from US$28.63 billion in 2018. The decrease may be attributed to the decline in export of some commodities such as electronic equipment and automotive parts. (See Chapter 9 on Expanding Economic Opportunities in Industry and Services)

Moving Forward

Enhancing the competitiveness of the region through the nationwide implementation of the National Competition Policy (NCP) will enable the micro, small, and medium enterprises to be an active player in the market either to support or complement larger firms. It will also improve market efficiency, increase productivity, expand economic opportunities through job creation, and stimulate inclusive economic growth of the region. To engage more of the business sector and local governments on the NCP, the Philippine Competition Commission has lined up regional roadshows and other information drives in 2020.

At the regional level, continuous dissemination of information materials and conduct of activities of the Investment Promotion Group under the RDC will help promote the region and attract potential investors.

At the local level, the synergy of the members of the Provincial Competitiveness Committee to assist their respective local government units work on their comparative advantage and improve rankings in the CMCI survey will stimulate the level of competitiveness.

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Recommendations

Challenges Recommended Strategies Implementing Agencies Improve CMCI ranking of Mentoring LGUs in accomplishing Regional and Provincial LGUs CMCI forms to ensure Competitiveness Council completeness of data

Timely preparation, dissemination DTI, SUCs, LGUs, RCC & and use of detailed Rapid PCC Appraisal/ Analysis of LGUs CMCI rankings

Orientation and technical assistance on the preparation of DILG, OCD, DHSUD, NEDA CDP, CLUP, DRRMP and other development plans

Strengthen capacities of LGUs on OCD, DILG DRRM

Technical assistance/fund support DOE, MWSS, LWUA, to LGUs having difficulty accessing NWRB, DICT utility services like water, electricity, and internet Improve overall Promote competition-related Philippine Competition competitiveness of the region policies Commission, LGUs

Conduct of information campaigns PCC, LGUs, regional line and capacity building activities to agencies, private sector increase awareness on Philippine Competition Act or the National Competition Policy Decline in investments Conduct dialogues with existing RDC-IPG, PEZA, DTI and potential investors to increase investor confidence

Monitor the translation of approved investments to actual businesses and employment Linkages and partnerships between government and private sector on promoting the region as an investment hub

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Chapter 17 Attaining Just and Lasting Peace

In 2019, the Region pursued the whole-of-nation approach for peace development in support to the national priority to end local communist armed conflict. It will continue to adopt convergence approach to address root causes of insurgency by harmonizing the different programs and projects of government and tapping the resources of the private sector.

Strategic Framework

The CALABARZON RDP 2017-2022 aims to attain just and lasting peace as a foundation for inclusive and high growth. Just and lasting peace will be attained through the following sub- outcomes: 1) peace agreements with all internal armed conflict groups successfully negotiated and implemented; and 2) protect and develop communities in conflict-affected and conflict- vulnerable communities.

Figure 17.1 Strategic Framework for Attaining Just and Lasting Peace

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Accomplishment

The CALABARZON region has been active in its campaign against communist terrorist groups (CTGs) through its convergence efforts. It is among the first regions in the country that created a Regional Task Force to end Local Communist Armed Conflict or RTF-ELCAC in support to Executive Order (EO) No. 70, Institutionalizing the Whole-of-nation Approach in Attaining Inclusive and Sustainable Peace, Creating a National Task Force to End Local Communist Armed Conflict, and Directing the Adoption of a National Peace Framework. The CALABARZON RTF-ELCAC was created through Joint Regional Development Council and Regional Peace and Order Council Resolution No. IV-A-02-2019 dated February 26, 2019.

The RTF-ELCAC has conducted various multi-sectoral activities such as former rebel reintegration programs, community outreach activities, advocacy campaigns and consultation meetings to determine and address the local issues related to insurgency and local development. Among its key accomplishments in 2019 are as follows:

 implementation of EO 70 as priority strategy in the Updated Regional Development Plan 2017-2022  validated barangays categorized as affected or threatened and implemented Rapid Assessment on Basic Services and Infrastructure in Priority Areas to determine needs and issues in the areas  formulated the RTF-ELCAC Action Plan 2019-2022  conducted various information operations throughout the Region on EO 70 and Retooled Community Support Program  conducted convergence outreach activities through the RTF-ELCAC “Serbisyo Caravan” project and the community outreach activities of the CALABARZON Regional Development Council in the following areas: o Mabitac, Laguna – June 26, 2019 o Mauban, Quezon – Aug 30, 2019 o Infanta, Quezon – Sept 20, 2019 o Tanay, Rizal October 24, 2019 o Macalelon, Quezon – on Nov 14, 2019  conducted community support program activities in conflict-affected barangays throughout the Region  declared CPP-NPA as persona-non-grata in all the five provinces including some local governments of CALABARZON up to barangay level

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 declared Laguna Province on September 26, 2019 as an area with “Stable Internal Peace and Security” (SIPS). Cavite was already previously declared as an area with SIPS on December 4, 2018

As a result, there was an increase in the number of rebels surrendering to the government from 24 in 2018 to 90 in 2019. Consequently, the number of surrendered firearms also increased from 19 in 2018 to 38 in 2019. All former rebels received assistance through the government’s Enhanced Comprehensive Local Integration Program (ECLIP). The ECLIP is a complete package of assistance given to former rebels. Financial assistance including civil registry, safety and security, housing and livelihood assistance among others are given to former rebels or their qualified beneficiaries.

Despite the increase in the number of rebel returnees, the number of barangays affected by internal armed conflict increased from 15 in 2018 to 21 in 2019. The focus of government in other conflict-affected areas such as Marawi City may have contributed to the increase in the number of conflict-affected barangays which allowed CTGs to strengthen its forces in some areas in the region.

On addressing the root causes of insurgency, the government provided various targeted programs and projects such as in education and social welfare which resulted in positive outcomes. The Region also continues to implement its peace development projects through the Payapa at Masaganang Pamayanan or PAMANA Program being managed by the Office of the Presidential Adviser on the Peace Process. Among the PAMANA projects include construction of farm-to-market roads and livelihood assistance in 2018. There were no PAMANA projects implemented in 2019 due to low completion rates of 2017 and 2018 projects. For 2020, PAMANA projects will be discontinued for later release to give priority to projects addressing the emergency health crisis brought by the COVID-19 pandemic.

On education, the net enrolment rate in secondary schools in conflict-affected areas increased from 69.88 percent in SY 2016-2017 to 81.14 percent in SY 2017-2018 which was facilitated by public schools’ Early Registration Program as well as the conditional cash transfer program or the Pantawid Pamilya Pilipino Program. However, due to effects of migration, the net enrolment rate in primary schools in conflict-affected areas slightly went down from 95.51 percent in SY 2016-2017 to 94.87 percent in SY 2017-2018. Some learners fail to re-enroll in primary school when their parents moved to other areas for various reasons including employment.

Moving Forward

To mainstream peace and development in the government’s budgeting process, the RDC included as one its review criteria in the FY 2021 Budget Review the presence of programs and projects on RTF-ELCAC and those that would benefit conflict-affected areas in the region. For the DILG Region IV-A, it identified the implementation of the Retooled Community Support Program in 2021 in 31 convergence barangays in CALABARZON amounting to PHP1.86 million.

The Armed Forces of the Philippines will mobilize teams to counter infiltration of CTGs in industrial zones and schools. It also plans to increase its quota allocation of its Citizen Armed Chapter 17: ATTAINING JUST AND LASTING PEACE 129

Force Geographical Unit or CAFGU active auxiliary for the Region in order to sustain the government's gains towards ending armed conflict.

Aside from Cavite and Laguna being declared as areas with Stable Internal Peace and Security (SIPS), the Region will strengthen its campaign against insurgency towards declaring the all the Region’s provinces as SIPS.

The Region will continue to promote peace and development in its fight against insurgency through programs such as the Retooled Community Support Program, the Enhanced Community Livelihood Integration Program and Community Mobilization Program. It will continue to implement its action plans and closely monitor all its EO 70 activities while nurturing strong collaboration of all government agencies, non-government agencies, LGUs, and other stakeholders.

Recommendations

The following will be pursued in support to the abovementioned strategies:

Challenges Recommended Strategies Implementing Agencies Sector Outcome: Peace agreements successfully negotiated & implemented

Insufficient temporary shelter or Request concerned local governments to DILG, LGUs halfway houses for rebel returnees hasten construction of halfway houses in while processing their benefits Quezon and Batangas

Enhance monitoring of ongoing construction DILG, LPMCs of halfway houses in the Region Lack of monitoring system on Identify and assign agency to monitor post- AFP, LGUs former rebels’ post-reintegration reintegration activities of former rebels activities Increase in the number of CTG Counter infiltration in industrial zones and AFP, RTF-ELCAC affected barangays schools AFP, LGUs

Declaration of remaining CALABARZON provinces as area with Stable Internal Peace and Security

Increase presence of government in these LGUs, areas through increase quota of CAFGU Implementing active auxiliary to provide more security Agencies assistance identify and implement appropriate development programs and projects to increase livelihood and income Poverty and unemployment due to Provision of livelihood and creation of jobs All concerned limited/lack of livelihood and agencies

130 Chapter 17: ATTAINING JUST AND LASTING PEACE difficulty in delivering services due to security issues Land disputes Land reform DAR, DOJ, NCIP, DENR, LGUs Coordination and Legal Assistance to Farmer Beneficiaries Issues from Ancestral Domain of Promote sustainable development of NCIP, DENR, DAR IPs Ancestral Domains

Strengthen government communication and engagement with project beneficiaries and stakeholders Resistance to government Strengthen public consultation and DPWH, LGUs, development projects coordination among stakeholders concerned Strengthen project monitoring agencies

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Chapter 18 Ensuring National Security, Public Order, and Safety

The security, public order, and safety condition in the CALABARZON region continued to improve in 2019. The ongoing campaign against illegal drugs has contributed to the decline in the number of crimes in the Region since majority of the crimes in CALABARZON are related to illegal drugs.

Strategic Framework

The strategic framework for attaining national security, public order, and safety has four intermediate outcomes: 1) uphold and protect the territorial integrity and sovereignty of the country; 2) reduce all forms of criminality; 3) ensure public safety; and 4) protect the welfare and well-being of all Filipinos overseas. For CALABARZON, strategies are focused on attaining the second to fourth outcomes.

Figure 18.1 Strategic Framework for Ensuring Regional Security, Public Order and Safety

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Accomplishment

Drugs Infiltration

The intensified efforts of the government to reduce the supply and demand for illegal drugs had contributed to the notable decrease in the number of drug-affected barangays as well as the overall crime reduction in the Region. The number of drug-affected barangays went down to 1,564 barangays in 2019 from 2,228 barangays in 2018, or a 30 percent decrease. Among the provinces, Rizal Province had the highest percentage of drug-affected barangays in 2019 with 38 percent of its barangays affected by illegal drugs, followed by Cavite (26 percent), Laguna (17 percent), Batangas (16 percent), and Quezon (7 percent). It can be noted that provinces near Metro Manila had the higher percentage of drug-affected barangays. However, Rizal managed to reduce the number of its affected barangays from 132 in 2018 to 61 in 2019, a 54 percent decrease. The same holds true with the Provinces of Cavite with a reduction of 34 percent, Batangas by 27 percent, Laguna by 26 percent, and Quezon by 22 percent decrease.

A total of 913 barangays were cleared from illegal drugs in 2019, a 31 percent increase from 698 barangays cleared in 2018. The issuance of Dangerous Drugs Board Regulation No. 3 series of 2017 which mandates all barangays to establish their BADAC and requires LGUs to appropriate funds for barangay drug clearing operations contributed to the continuous increase in the number of drug cleared barangays. Other government interventions against illegal drugs include the conduct of high impact operations to arrest drug personalities and neutralize drug groups. On demand reduction, intensified advocacy activities both in public and private sector were conducted particularly in drug-affected barangays.

Still, there were challenges in the region’s drug clearing programs. There was inconsistency in drug-related data among law enforcement agencies. The Philippine National Police (PNP) and the Philippine Drug Enforcement Agency (PDEA) had different figures and data relating to the campaign against illegal drugs. Another challenge was the low performance of local Anti- Illegal Drug Abuse Councils (ADACs) in all barangays. Based on DILG’s ADAC Performance Audit in 2018, majority of barangay ADACs performed poorly due to deficiency in the documentation of their activities.

One of the Region’s program against illegal drugs is the reformation of drug offenders through the Balay Silangan Program. The program, which was approved through DDB Board Regulation No. 2 series of 2018, offers temporary refuge to drug offenders and aims to reform them into self-sufficient and law-abiding members of society. As of 2019, CALABARZON had established six Balay Silangan reformation centers distributed in the Provinces of Cavite, Laguna, Batangas and Rizal. Quezon Province’s Balay Silangan reformation center is currently under construction. Among the challenges encountered by the program were lack or limited funds of the LGUs for the construction and operation of the Balay Silangan, and delays in project construction. 134 Chapter 18: ENSURING NATIONAL SECURITY, PUBLIC ORDER AND SAFETY

Reducing Criminality

The average monthly index crime rate in 2019 decreased to 3.41 percent from 4.73 percent in 2018. This means that there were around 4.73 index crime incidents per month for every 100,000 people. Index crimes involve crimes against persons such as murder, homicide, physical injury and rape, and crimes against property such as robbery, theft, carnapping/carjacking and cattle rustling. On the other hand, the average monthly non-index crime rate increased from 21.96 percent in 2018 to 23.02 percent in 2019. Non-index crimes pertain to violations of special laws such as illegal logging or local ordinances. According to PNP, the increase in non-index crime rate could be due to stricter implementation of special laws and local ordinances.

The number of homicide victims slightly decrease to 179 in 2019 from 184 in 2018. Similarly, the number of murder cases decreased from 1,000 in 2018 to 843 in 2019. The improvement in these crime statistics may be attributed to the intensified anti-crime or crime prevention operations activities in communities.

Crime solution efficiency rate improved from 78.66 percent in 2018 to 81.62 percent in 2019. Consequently, crime clearance efficiency slightly increased to 92.08 percent in 2019 from 91.45 percent in 2018. The improvement in crime solution and crime clearance efficiency may be attributed to the intensified anti-crime police operations, additional trained police investigators, and increased utilization of current technologies such as closed-circuit television or CCTV, technologies in forensic science, and social media reporting and investigation.

Public Safety

On public safety, natural disaster casualties per 100,000 population decreased from 28 in 2018 to 10 in 2019. Deaths declined by 10, missing by 1 and injured by 7 persons. However, there was a significant increase in reported casualties due to human-induced disasters, with an increase in deaths by 376, missing by 1, and injured by 2,228. The increase in number of human-induced casualties could be attributed to numerous vehicular accidents all over the Region (See Chapter 11).

The amount of damages due to fire incidents went down by PHP67 million, a 12 percent decrease, from PHP559 million in 2018 to PHP492 million in 2019. Similarly, the number of deaths due to fire incidents also went down to 21 in 2019 from 33 in 2018. In general, public safety in the Region improved with the preparation and implementation of local disaster management and hazard contingency plans, continuous community information campaign on disaster preparedness and fire safety, as well as capacity building programs and orientations provided by the government and other NGOs.

On police to population ratio, this improved from 1 policeman to 1,435 citizens in 2018 to 1:1,197 in 2019. However, this is still far from the service standard of 1:500. Rizal Province had the highest police ratio at 1:1,919 while Quezon Province had the lowest at 1:1,232. The PNP continues to recruit and train law enforcers to beef up its personnel and improve service delivery. In 2019, there were 495 recruited and trained new law enforcers.

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The firefighter to population ratio improved from 1:7,507 in 2018 to 1:6,738 in 2019 due to the increase in quota of recruited firefighters. However, this is still far from the prescribed ratio by the Bureau of Fire Protection (BFP) which is 1:2,000. The firetruck to firefighter ratio in CALABARZON remained at 1:6 in 2019. The BFP considers 1:14 as the ideal fire truck to firefighter ratio. Purchased of new units, donations, and regular maintenance of existing units had provided firefighters with sufficient firetrucks.

Overseas Filipinos (OFs) provided with social welfare assistance by the government increased from 566 in 2018 to 651 in 2019, many of which were undocumented OFs in Kuwait, United Arab Emirates, Abu Dhabi and Riyadh who availed of the Embassy Assisted Repatriation Program of the government in 2019. Majority of distressed and undocumented migrant workers assisted were from Laguna, Quezon, and Cavite. Distressed OFWs were provided with assistance through various government interventions including Balik Pinas, Balik Hanap Buhay Program of OWWA, Balik Pinay, Balik Hanapbuhay through OWWA NRCO Social Benefits and Welfare Assistance Program, financial assistance, soft loans, shelter assistance and counseling services (See Chapter 21).

Moving Forward

The Region will continue to pursue collaboration with communities and other stakeholders in its fight against all forms of crimes to promote security, public order and safety. These include participation of communities through the Community Mobilization Programs and similar initiatives which will put in place a strong and sustainable community defense system against lawlessness and criminality.

The Region will also continue to reform drug offenders as part of its campaign against illegal drugs through programs such as the Balay Silangan program, a center that offers temporary refuge with the objective of reforming drug offenders into self-sufficient and law-abiding members of society.

Utilization of Information and Communications Technology will also be maximized to curb crimes through the use of CCTVs and cameras in law enforcement as well as establishment and strengthening existing hotlines for public order and safety.

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Recommendations

The following will be pursued in support to the abovementioned strategies

Challenges Recommended Strategies Implementing Agencies Sector Outcome: Public safety ensured Low police to population Increase quota of number of law enforcers PNP ratio recruited and trained

Amendment to Republic Act No. 6975 or the “Department of the Interior and Local Government Act of 1990” that would increase police strength Low functionality of Anti- Encourage local government units (LGUs) to PDEA, DILG, Drug Abuse Council in all implement anti-illegal drugs programs, projects LGUs levels and activities.

Capacity building of ADACs Lack of fund in the Solicit support of LGUs in the allocation of budget PDEA, DILG, PNP, implementation of the Balay and implementation of the Balay Silangan and LGUs Silangan and Barangay the BDCP Drug Clearing Program (BDCP) Enhance monitoring of projects to improve or Local Project fast-track implementation Monitoring Committees

Require both BDCP and Balay Silangan DILG Programs in the criteria for the awarding of the Seal of Good Local Governance Inconsistent data related to Harmonization of data among concerned law PDEA, PNP the campaign against illegal enforcement agencies drugs

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Chapter 19 Accelerating Infrastructure Development

This Chapter presents the role of infrastructure in the development of CALABARZON. Supporting the national government’s Build-Build-Build Program, the Region continued its infrastructure development efforts through the convergence of different government agencies, private sector and other regions in Luzon. High impact projects to address inter/intra-regional connectivity and infrastructure backlogs are being developed, prioritized, budgeted and implemented. Project development and monitoring activities were also jointly coordinated to harmonize the prioritization and implementation of major programs and projects (P/Ps).

Figure 19.1 Strategic Framework for Accelerating Infrastructure Development

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Accomplishments

Implement strategic infrastructure and ensure asset preservation

Transport

Construction, improvement and rehabilitation of road infrastructures increased. There was a minimal increase in the length of additional national roads from 2018 to 2019. The additional section in the newly-constructed Diokno Bridge in Lemery, Batangas increased the length of national road from 2,542.32 kilometers to 2,542.45 kilometers (Table 19.1). The focus in road development was on widening the national roads rather than increasing the length. The difficult process of converting local roads to national roads was also a reason for the minimal increase in national roads.

Meanwhile, there are 38 ongoing bypass or diversion roads being proposed which are expected to decongest traffic in the urban areas of CALABARZON. In 2018, only the Lopez Bypass Road in Quezon was completed and is currently for conversion into a national road. As of 2019, four bypass/diversion roads were completed with a total length of 23.81 kilometers (Table 19.1).

Table 19.1 Length of national roads, bridges and bypasses in CALABARZON in 2018 and 2019. Indicator Baseline 2017 2018 2019 2019 % of Target (cumulative) (2016) Actual Actual Target Actual Attained Length of national 2,517.30 2,542.30 2,542.32 2,542.10 2,542.45 100.01 % roads increased (km) Length of 18,547 18,575 18,575.17 19,294 19,057.26 98.77 % permanent bridges along national roads increased (lm) Number of 0/5.05 2/10.65 3/16.07 4/24.13 4/23.81 98.67% bypass/diversion road and grade separation projects completed along priority corridors with complete features to at least 4 lanes (cumulative)

The percentage of national roads in good and fair condition increased from 75.37 percent in 2018 to 78.91 percent in 2019 surpassing the target of 65.75 percent. The good performance was due to funding of the unfunded road projects of previous years.

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As for bridges, 327 bridges were in good condition, 300 in fair condition, 29 in poor condition and 5 bridges in bad condition. The length of permanent bridges along national roads has increased to 19,057.26 lineal meters in 2019 from 18,575 lineal meters in 2018. The target of 664 numbers of permanent bridges along national roads was not met even with the increase in length because of the delay in the bridge identification system.

A total of 275 bridges were widened in 2019. Two hundred sixty bridges were retrofitted or rehabilitated in 2019 as against the target of 145 bridges for retrofitting or rehabilitation. The target was met as previously unfunded projects were funded and completed.

The length of toll roads increased from 496.60 lane-km to 545.44 lane-km (Table 19.2) with the completion of the Manila-Cavite Expressway (CAVITEX) Project- Segment 3A-1 and the Cavite- Laguna Expressway Project- Subsections 6, 7 and 8.

Table 19.2 Length of toll road in Calabarzon in 2018 and 2019. Indicator Baseline 2017 2018 2019 2019 % of Target (2016) Actual Actual Target Actual Attained Increased in toll 484.60 484.603 496.60 516.60 545.44 105.58 % road length (in lane km.)

Another accomplishment is the Electric Toll Collection Interoperability Project which provides for a seamless travel in all the interconnected toll road systems in Luzon. With this development, all toll roads in Luzon are interoperable using one account. The project is currently under Phase 1 where the RFID Sticker Tags will be readable at the North Luzon Expressway, Subic–Clark–Tarlac Expressway and CAVITEX. Currently, it has 10,941 enrollees and 21 registration sites in the CALABARZON Region.

Convergence programs of agencies promoted. A total of 32 tourism roads under the DOT- DPWH Convergence Program and 94 farm-to-market roads under the DA-DPWH partnership were completed. Under the DTI-DPWH Roads Leveraging Linkages of Industry and Trade or ROLL-IT, six projects were completed. Under the KALSADA Program of the DILG in partnership with the LGUs, a total of 104.59 kilometers of road were constructed.

Traffic management measures implemented. The CALABARZON Traffic Management Plan 2017-2022 was initiated by the Regional Development Council to address the growing traffic problem in the Region. Likewise, the RDC issued a resolution requesting utility companies to expedite the removal of posts and poles along the roads to improve traffic flow. DILG was asked to require LGUs to issue permits on posts/poles erection and request LGUs to pass local ordinances requiring the establishments to provide parking spaces for customers.

Other strategies on traffic management were also pursued by the RDC such as 1) proposing to include efficient traffic management in the DILG’s Seal of Good Local Governance; 2) DILG to request the LGUs create a Traffic Management Office with plantilla positions; 3) LTFRB to study the availment of point-to-point buses from CALABARZON growth centers to NCR; and 4) NEDA Central Office to assist in the funding of the proposed CALABARZON Transportation Master Plan.

In addition, traffic management initiatives implemented included the conduct of deputation seminars for traffic enforcers, advocacy on public transport services guidelines, road widening,

Chapter 19: ACCELERATING INFRASTRUCTURE DEVELOPMENT 141 construction of bypass/diversion roads and flyovers, and banning of tricycles along national roads, among others.

However, in spite of all these measures, only 9.47 percent of utility and 4.12 percent of tree obstructions along RROW were removed or relocated. Budgetary constraints, delayed application for tree-cutting permits and the lukewarm cooperation of the electric and telecommunication providers hindered the removal of the obstructive posts and poles. To address these issues, close coordination with utility providers and DENR for the issuance of tree-cutting permits to DPWH was undertaken. An action plan on the removal of trees along RROW especially in the priority road corridors in the Region was agreed on by DPWH and DENR to address the issues.

Port facilities improved to ensure seamless RoRo network. Improvement and rehabilitation works in Batangas Port to enhance port operations and services are continuously being implemented. The expansion of Batangas Container Terminal which was inaugurated by Asian Terminal Inc. will cater 450,000 TEUs (20-footer containers) annually, surpassing the previous year’s capacity by 150,000 TEUs. Furthermore, a new passenger terminal building with modern facilities will also be constructed in Batangas Port to cater to the increasing number of passengers. The improved facility will accommodate an estimated capacity of 3,200 to 3,600 seats in its passenger lounge when completed in 2021. Utilization of existing ports optimized. The existing ports in Batangas and Quezon Provinces are important transport facilities that connect CALABARZON to the island regions of MIMAROPA and Western Visayas. These port facilities are vital mode of transport for tourism, manufacturing and agriculture-based industries.

In terms of cargo, the combined performance of the two major ports exceeded their targets. The non-containerized cargo, however, decreased by 3 percent while the containerized cargo throughput increased by 25 percent in 2019 due to additional international shipping lines operating containerized vessels within the Inter-Asia routes. The actual non-containerized cargo throughput in 2019 was 1 percent lower than the target while the containerized cargo was 60 percent higher than the target due to the increased number of importer and exporter companies operating in the CALABARZON Area.

The total number of passengers in Batangas and Lucena Port increased by 8 percent. The improvement in the passenger traffic in the Batangas Port by 10.28 percent can be attributed to the opening of the Boracay Island after its rehabilitation and heavy influx of foreign and domestic tourists going to/from Puerto Galera. Boracay Island and Puerto Galera is among the top. For the Lucena Port, an 8 percent increase was also registered. However, the total target number of passengers for the two ports was not met. Strict implementation of the carrying capacity of the Boracay Island also contributed to the slowdown in the number of passengers using the Batangas Port. On the number of vessels which passed through the ports, there was a decrease of 2 percentage points. This decrease can be attributed to the implementation of MARINA Circular No. 2016-02 entitled “Revised Rules on the Phase-Out of Wooden-hulled Ships Carrying Passengers in Domestic Shipping.”.

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Table 19.3 Throughput of Batangas and Lucena Ports in 2018 and 2019. Indicator 2018 2019 Growth Target Variance Rate (%) Non-containerized cargo 30,191,118.00 29,402,786.00 -3% 29,671,218 -268,432 throughput (MT) Containerized cargoes (TEU) 248,609 311,754 25% 194,992 116,762 Number of passengers 7,663,254 8,306,065 8% 8,779,354 -473,289 Number of vessels 49,232 48,038 -2% 52,593 -4,555 Source of data: Philippine Ports Authority – Port Management Office of Batangas and Marquez

Relatedly, MARINA recently opened and is proposing new routes for passenger vessels and RoRo from the Region. Among the new routes in CALABARZON are the Batangas City – San Jose, Occidental Mindoro, San Juan, Batangas – Abra de Ilog, Occidental Mindoro, Real, Quezon – Polillo Island, Quezon, Lucena, Quezon – Odiongan, Romblon, Lucena, Quezon – Buyabod, Marinduque, Lucena, Quezon – Romblon, Romblon, Lucena, Quezon – Masbate City and San Narciso, Quezon – San Pascual, Masbate.

Alternate airports rehabilitated. The Sangley Airport Development Project aims to serve as an alternate gateway in Sangley Point, Cavite, and transfer the general aviation operations of Ninoy Aquino International Airport (NAIA) to the completed Sangley Airport. This will decongest the increasing volume of air traffic in NAIA. The major facilities in the airport were completed in October 2019 while full completion of the airport is in March 2020.

The airport is now being utilized for general aviation operations, with its newly constructed facilities ready to cater turbo-prop aircraft for its initial commercial cargo operation.

Water Resources

Actual irrigated area increased and efficiency improved. The construction, restoration and rehabilitation of irrigation systems increased the actual irrigated area from 74.15 percent in 2018 to 77.8 percent in 2019. Out of the total additional irrigated area, 654 hectares were newly-irrigated and 187 hectares were restored. These were both below the target areas of 1,835 and 240 hectares, respectively.

Canal linings and structures are constructed to lessen maintenance, maximize canal capacity, and improve and regulate water delivery. A total of 31.37 km canal lining and 101 structures was constructed in 2019, short of 65.45 km and 212 structures from the original target.

The unachieved target for irrigated area, length of canal and number of structures may be attributed to untimely release of fund, work suspension due to water delivery during operation and maintenance stage, and unfavorable weather conditions.

Projects for rehabilitation, repair and restoration of irrigation systems contributed to the increased efficiency and effectiveness of current irrigation system.

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Table 19.4 Performance of Irrigated Areas (in hectares), 2016 to 2019. 2016 2017 2018 2019 New Irrigated Areas (ha) Target N/A 825 988 1,835 Actual 617 825 817 654 Variance N/A 0 -171 -1,181 Restored Irrigated Areas (ha) Target N/A 279 364 240 Actual 749 279 364 187 Variance N/A 0 0 -53 Length of canal lining (km) Target N/A 44.27 41.53 96.82 Actual 26.84 48.03 56.82 31.37 Variance N/A 3.76 15.29 -65.45 Number of structures Target N/A 58 134 313 Actual 109 174 204 101 Variance N/A 116 70 -212

Source: NIA

Ratio of actual irrigated area to total potential irrigable area increased. The ratio of actual irrigated area increased every year from 2016 to 2019. From 57.36 percent actual accomplishment in 2016, the total potential irrigated area increased to 71.76 percent in 2017, an increase of 14.4 percent. Moreover, the actual irrigated area of 74.15 percent in 2018 and 77.8 percent in 2019 exceeded their targets by 1.96 and 2.49 percentage points, respectively. As a result, cropping intensity increased at an average of 2.4 percent per year from 2016 to 2019. From 147 percent actual accomplishment in 2016, the cropping intensity increased to 151 percent in 2017, 154 percent in 2018 and 158 percent in 2019. The construction of new irrigation systems contributed to the increased in the Region’s cropping intensity.

Table 19.5 Ratio of actual irrigated area, and cropping intensity, 2016 to 2019. 2016 2017 2018 2019 Ratio of actual irrigated area to total potential irrigable area increased (% cumulative) Target N/A 69.09 72.19 75.31 Actual 57.36 71.76 74.15 77.8 Variance N/A 2.67 1.96 2.49 Cropping intensity increased (% cumulative) Target N/A 148 151 156 Actual 147 151 154 158 Variance N/A 3 3 2 Source: NIA

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Water Supply

Households with access to safe water supply increased. Households with access to safe water supply increased from 66 percent in 2016 to 95 percent in 2017 but decreased to 91 percent in 2018. This can be attributed to deprioritizing sanitation projects. On the other hand, the proportion of households with access to basic sanitation to total number of households improved from 65 percent in 2016 to 77 percent in 2017 and 82 percent in 2018. For 2019, DOH Region IV-A is yet to submit its full accomplishment for the year.

On the other hand, households served with level three water supply system increased or the proportion of cities/municipalities served by water districts with 24/7 water supply increased from 89 percent in 2017 to 91 percent in 2018. For 2019, the 91 percent level is maintained. However, some areas still use private deep wells.

Table 19.6 Access to sanitation and safe water supply, 2016 to 2019. 2016 2017 2018 2019 Percentage of households with access to safe water supply Target N/A 95 95 95 Actual 66 95 91 49.83 (Partial) Variance N/A 0 -4 -45.17 Proportion of households with access to basic sanitation to total number of households Target N/A 95 95 95 Actual 65 77 82 48.32 (Partial) Variance N/A 0 -13 -49.68 Households served with level three water supply system increased/Proportion of cities/municipalities served by water districts with 24/7 water supply increased (%, cumulative) Target N/A N/A N/A N/A Actual N/A 89 91 91 Variance N/A N/A N/A N/A Source: DOH IV-A

Power and Energy

Rural electrification remains a challenge. In 2019, the proportion of sitios served with electric connection is at 93 percent served by five electric cooperatives in the region, namely, FLECO, BATELEC I, BATELEC II, QUEZELCO I and QUEZELCO II. This can be attributed to the implementation of electrification programs like the Sitio Electrification Program (SEP) of the National Electrification Administration (NEA). The SEP provided the electric cooperatives funding assistance for extension of distribution lines to remote sitios of the region, including free household connection.

On the other hand, 98.92 percent of households now have electricity with Cavite and Laguna having the most number of electric connections. This increase in electric connections may be due to the increase in the number of retail establishments which contributed to the increase in the demand for power. Quezon Province has the lowest number of households served with electricity. Chapter 19: ACCELERATING INFRASTRUCTURE DEVELOPMENT 145

Power sources increased. CALABARZON contributed 7,524.36 megawatts capacity in 2019 or approximately 49 percent of the 15,261.4 megawatts dependable capacity of the Luzon Grid. CALABARZON is the main contributor to the country’s total power generation. The San Buenventura Power Plant in Mauban, Quezon added an estimate of 455 megawatts (dependable capacity) to the Luzon Grid in 2019. Green energy pursued. With the signing of the Department of Energy (DOE) Department Circular entitled “Promulgating the Rules and Guidelines Governing the Establishment of the Green Energy Option Program Pursuant to the Renewable Energy Act of 2018,” consumers are provided options to source their electricity needs from renewable energy sources. The Circular is in line with the Renewable Energy Act of 2008 which mandated DOE to establish a Green Energy Option Program. Energy efficiency and conservation institutionalized. With the finalization of the Energy Efficiency and Conservation Act Implementing Rules and Regulations, the DOE was tasked to create a National Energy Efficiency and Conservation Plan and a database that will contain the information on energy consumption. This will help establish efficient and renewable energy technologies. The Energy Efficiency and Conservation Act was further institutionalized with the creation of Energy Efficiency and Conservation Office and the drafting of Local Energy Efficiency and Conservation Plan of the LGUs. With this law, the issuance of building permits by LGUs will require the Energy Conserving Design.

Information and Communications Technology

Provision of public internet facilities. In 2019, 11 additional powered-up sites with free WiFi internet access in the region were established. On the other hand, there was no Point of Presence (PoP) established in 2019. PoPs are essential network elements where equipment that route, store or transmit internet data are housed.

Table 19.7 Number of powered-up sites with free wifi internet access and PoP established in Calabarzon, 2019. Indicator 2018 2019 Growth Rate (%) Number of powered-up sites with free 59 70 119% Wi-Fi internet access Number of Point of Presence 3 0 0% established Source of data: Department of Information and Communications Technology – Luzon Cluster 2

Social Infrastructure

Despite the increased funding from various convergence projects, the delayed signing of the 2019 GAA and delays in procurement hindered the timely construction of social infrastructure facilities in the Region. Funding for some projects was subjected for reversion due to unavailability of sites for construction.

Provision of adequate education facilities remain a challenge. The target for classroom to student ratio was not attained with the completion of only one school project for 2019 under 146 Chapter 19: ACCELERATING INFRASTRUCTURE DEVELOPMENT the National School Building Program. A slight improvement was observed in the primary grade school level from the baseline data, but performance significantly worsened in secondary high schools, which already practice shifting classes.

Majority of public schools in the Region are connected to power and Internet utilities, as seen in the table below.

Table 19.8 Education Facilities Results Matrix, 2016-2019. Indicator Baseline Actual (2018) 2019 Remarks (2016) (2017) Target Actual Target Actual (for verification) Classroom to pupil ratio Primary Grade 1-3 1:45 1:42 1:35 1:41 1:35 1:41 Unmet target 1:45 1:45 Exceeded the Grade 4-6 1:45 1:42 1:41 1:41 target Secondary Junior High School 1:41 1:45 1:62 1:45 1:62 Unmet target Senior High School 1:40 1:41 1:40 1:62 1:40 1:62 Unmet target Public schools with

connection to electricity (%) 97.75 Exceeded the Primary (K to 6) 95.44 95.44 96.96 98.33 98.33 target 97.75 Exceeded the Junior High School 95.44 95.44 96.96 98.14 98.14 target Senior High School - 95.44 99.56 99.56 99.65 - Public schools with internet

access (%) Primary (K to 6) 24.53 24.53 49.69 42.05 62.27 - Junior High School 77.88 77.88 85.26 65.91 88.95 - Senior High School - - 35.26 13.05 38.95 - Source: DOH Region IV-A

Number of operational barangay health facilities in the Region declined. Barangay health stations (BHS) previously situated in barangay halls are undergoing renovation and relocation while others are for reversion due to lot ownership issue, contributing to the decrease in the number of operational health stations in the Region.

The number of licensed government hospitals declined in 2017 with the non-renewal of licenses and downgrading of hospitals to infirmaries. This reclassification is attributed to the non-compliance to Level 1 hospital requirements particularly on manpower, required services, and operating schedules.

Three hospitals became operational in 2019, contributing an additional 272 beds. Albeit this improvement in hospital bed to population ratio, the target of 1 bed for every 1,000 individuals is yet to be achieved.

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Table 19.9 Health Facilities Results Matrix, 2016-2019. INDICATOR BASELINE ANNUAL PLAN TARGETS ACCOMPLISHMENT REMARKS 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2016 2017 2018 2019 Access to health services improved Hospital bed - - 1:1,30 1:1,10 1:1,10 - 1:1,15 1:1,13 1:1,151 Unmet to population 9 0 0 3 5 target ratio improved

Establishment of permanent evacuation facilities should be considered. Schools and other multi-purpose buildings currently serve as community evacuation facilities that cater to families displaced by natural or man-made calamities. Regular activities conducted in such public structures may be hampered with its temporary conversion to temporary shelters. Evacuation centers should be equipped with basic utilities and spaces that will promote the evacuees’ social well-being while they recover from the bad experience and later on rebuild their homes and lives.

Table 19.10 Type of Evacuation Centers by Province, 2018. PROVINCES Brgy. School/ Multi- Church/ Gym/ Others Hall Day Care Purpose Chapel Covered Hall Court Cavite 733 438 226 190 511 13 Laguna 130 195 40 108 83 29 Batangas 142 600 25 40 113 61 Rizal 83 178 11 14 113 37 Quezon 414 363 157 90 49 56 Total 1,602 1,774 459 442 869 169 Source: Office of the Civil Defense IV-A/CALABARZON PDRRMOs

Sanitary landfills monitored increased. The DENR-EMB monitored a total of 43 sanitary landfills (SLFs) in 2019, 31 of which are operational, 9 are ongoing establishment, while 3 are closed. Improvement in SLFs in the Region was primarily due to the close coordination with LGUs to put up their own disposal facility instead of resorting to clustering, since most of the private SLFs have limited capacity to accept wastes generated in the Region. Massive IEC campaign highlighting the importance of legitimate disposal facilities and strict implementation of Section 37 of the Ecological Solid Waste Management Act of 2000 which prohibits the operation of Open Dumpsites and Controlled Dump Facilities also contributed to this positive performance. According to DENR-EMB, the operational SLFs can accommodate up to 5,100 tons of wastes per day. On the other hand, the daily volume of wastes generated is approximately 5,850 tons. This leaves the challenge posed by the volume of unmanaged wastes.

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Table 19.11 Sanitary Landfills Monitored in CALABARZON, 2016-2019. INDICATOR BASELINE ANNUAL PLAN ACCOMPLISHMENT 2016 TARGETS REMARKS 2017 2018 2019 2017 2018 2019 Number of 23 23 25 25 33 34 43 Met target sanitary landfills increased Source: DENR-EMB IV-A

Target for volume of treated septage in Water Districts not met. Desludging services and the establishment of sewerage system in CALABARZON is constrained by road right-of-way, land acquisition, and permitting issues. The number of LGUs served by Sewage Treatment Plants (STPs) is expected to increase by 2021, particularly in the Province of Cavite. The MWSS Alabang-Zapote STP receives septage from the communities covered by MWSS service areas as shown in the table below. Table 19.12 Sewage Treatment Plants in CALABARZON, 2016-2019. Facility Concessionaire Location Year Design Population Communities Aveage Name Completed Capacity Served Covered Monthly Treated (2020) Alabang- Maynilad Alabang 2016 0.5 MLD - Cavite, 0.348 Zapote Zapote Road, Paranaque, million Septage Brgy. Pasay, Las liters per Treatment Pamplona Piňas, day Plant Uno, Las Muntinlupa Pinas City Marikina Manila Water Balubad 2015 100 MLD 650,330 Various 28.678 North Ressetlement, Barangays of million Sewage Kabayani Rd., Marikina City, liters per Treatment Brgy. Nangka, San Mateo, day Plant Marikina City Rizal and Antipolo City San Manila Water Sitio Abuad, 2008 0.59 467,316 Quezon City, 0.385 Mateo Gitnang MLD Marikina, million Septage Bayan II, San Antipolo, San liters per Treatment Mateo, Rizal Mateo, day Plant Rodriguez Source: MWSS

Provision of secure housing is still needed. Housing demand continue to increase with the increasing population growth in the Region. Safe and affordable housing are needed to accommodate the remaining 41 percent of the households (Tenure Status of Housing Unit and Lot in CALABARZON, 2015) who cannot afford to own the house and lot that they currently occupy. Overcrowding in incarceration facilities persists. The 58 detention facilities in the Region has a congestion rate of 100 percent according to the Bureau of Jail and Management Prison Report on Jail Facility Congestion Rate. This rate is alarming since conditions inside jail facilities may

Chapter 19: ACCELERATING INFRASTRUCTURE DEVELOPMENT 149 cause poor health among inmates and could cause transmission of infectious diseases.

Moving Forward

Implementation of strategic infrastructures and preservation of assets

Transport

Land Transport. Improvement and widening of roads and bridges to at least four lanes will be implemented. New roads will be constructed to connect the national to local roads. Construction of bypass and diversion roads will decongest urban centers.

To serve as a guide in preparation of the CALABARZON public transportation network, the preparation CALABARZON Transportation Master Plan will be pursued. The master plan will harmonize transport infrastructures and identify strategies to improve connectivity.

Even as the Transport Master Plan has yet to be realized, inter and intra-regional connections will be improved through the implementation of road projects along the Pacific Coast such as the General Nakar-Umiray-Dingalan Road (38.40 percent complete) and Mauban-Atimonan Road (17.96 percent complete). These road projects are included in the proposed Luzon Pacific Highway. For toll road projects, currently being implemented are the SLEX Toll Road 4, Manila-Cavite Toll Expressway and Cavite-Laguna Expressway. Other notable projects currently under study are the Bataan-Cavite Interlink Bridge, Laguna Lake Road Network, Cavite-Tagaytay-Batangas Expressway, Quezon-Bicol Expressway, SLEX Toll Road 5, SLEX Widening Project and the PNR South Long Haul Project. Also of note is the North-South Commuter Railway Project that will create a seamless rail network from Clark International Airport to Calamba City while also integrating the existing Light Rail Transit (LRT)-1, LRT- 2 and Metro Rail Transit 3. Railway crossing security shall also be improved through installation of level crossings and automated traffic light controls.

Connection of the islands through roads is likewise a goal and the construction of the Quezon- Roma Point Bridge which started in 2018 is expected to be completed by 2021. The bridge will connect the island municipalities of Alabat, Perez and Quezon to the mainland in Lopez, Quezon. This connection is expected to stimulate economic activities in the island municipalities.

Table 19.13 List of ongoing and proposed major transport projects. Proposed Ongoing  South Commuter Railway Project  Light Rail Transit 1 Cavite Extension  South Long-Haul Project  Light Rail Transit 2 East Extension  Quezon Bicol Expressway  South Luzon Expressway Toll Road 4  Pasig-Marikina River Improvement  C-5 South Link Expressway Project Project Phase IV  CAVITEX (R-1) Enhancement Project  Eastbank-Westbank Bridge 2  Cavite-Laguna Expressway Construction Project  STAR Tollway-Pinamucan Bypass Road  Sta. Rosa-Tagaytay-Nasugbu Road  Lipa City-Padre Garcia Diversion Road

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 STAR Northbound Bridges  Batangas City-San Pascual-Bauan Bypass Road  Tagaytay Bypass Road  Alaminos-San Pablo City Bypass Road  Sariaya Bypass Road  Lopez-Quezon Bridge  Mauban-Atimonan Road

Implementation of priority projects and activities in the CALABARZON Traffic Management Plan will be continued. Coordination with different regional agencies involved in traffic management and LGUs will be intensified to implement programs, projects, rules and regulations to address traffic problems. This includes the development of a module for conduct of the Road Safety Advocacy Training of Trainers which will produce road safety advocates in the Region who will train drivers of public utility vehicles, motorcycle and truck, and the general public on road safety in order to reduce road crashes in the Region. Monitoring of major priority projects will be conducted to ensure on-time completion and facilitation of project issues.

Water Transport. Port facilities will be continuously developed and improved to ensure that RoRo shipping transport remains a viable mode for transporting people and goods particularly in the island municipalities of Quezon and Batangas. Furthermore, possible alternate ports will be further studied. For instance, the Calatagan Port is being considered as an alternate port to decongest the Port of Batangas. In preparation, the site development plan of the port will be put in place and the port delineation will be extended to connect to the proposed road going to the Calatagan Port. Improvements of port facilities such as provision of additional berthing facilities will encourage locators and aid in optimized port utilization. This will create economic opportunities for the region and aid in decongesting the container terminals in Metro Manila. Moreover, the Philippine Ports Authority has to conduct intensive marketing campaigns on the port services to locators in CALABARZON and shipping companies. Modernization of port facilities and services such as provision of online booking features can encourage more people to use the sea ports. Air Transport. Sangley Airport is eyed as a future alternative to the Ninoy Aquino International Airport. The Sangley Point International Airport Project will commence implementation in 2020 and expected to cater to international flights.

Water Resources

Irrigation. The National Irrigation Administration Region IV-A will implement one small irrigation project, expand two existing communal irrigation systems, and establish one ground pump irrigation. The construction of new and improvement of existing irrigation systems will start in 2020 will help increase the production of crops.

There are two high-impact irrigation projects in the Region that are being closely monitored, these are the Quipot Irrigation Project and the Macalelon Small Reservoir Irrigation Project. The Quipot Irrigation Project will irrigate about 2,800 hectares of agricultural lands in Tiaong,

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Candelaria, San Antonio and Sariaya in Quezon Province and San Juan and Rosario in Batangas Province while the Macalelon Small Reservoir Irrigation Project will irrigate about 830 hectares of agricultural land in 10 barangays in Macalelon, Quezon. The Quipot Irrigation and Macalelon Small Reservoir Irrigation Projects will be completed in 2021 and 2022, respectively.

Similarly, the Lopez and Ilangin-River-Alabat Small Reservoir Irrigation Projects are expected to contribute to the irrigation system in the Region. Both projects started in 2018 and will be completed in 2020.

At the national level, the updating of the National Irrigation Masterplan 2010 to 2020 will assist in the development and prioritization of irrigation projects, formulation of institutional strategies and investment programming. The updated Masterplan will also be instrumental in setting the direction for irrigation development.

Energy

Electrification. Despite the increasing number of sitios and households electrified since 2016, there are still households in rural areas which were not reached by electricity. The LGU’s utilization of ER 1-94 Regional Share Fund must be reviewed to see the projects contribution on electrification. Energy conservation. With the increasing population and demand for electricity, it is necessary for the region to harness its renewable energy potential. Thus, the development and promotion of renewable energy, thru the National Renewable Energy Act of 2008, as source of clean energy in the region will be pursued. ICT Infrastructure

Enhanced Internet Connectivity. With the proposal to establish the DICT’s GovNet in the region, linkages among government offices and faster delivery of services is expected. GovNet will also provide free Wi-Fi access to the public. Social Infrastructure

The passage of House Bill 8730 requiring state universities and colleges (SUCs) to prepare and implement a land use development and infrastructure plan will assist the implementing agencies in addressing concerns on the economic cost of land and increasing available spaces for construction of social infrastructures. Construction of disaster-resilient social infrastructures and effective infrastructure audit will greatly contribute to safe delivery of services to the public. Education. The continued implementation of convergence programs such as the School Building Program and the Last Mile Schools will address gaps in the provision of quality and inclusive education. The construction of support infrastructures such as access roads will also maximize the utility of schools and classrooms located in geographically isolated and conflict- affected areas (GIDCA).

Health. Access to health facilities will improve with the completion of the remaining projects funded under CY 2019 Health Facilities Enhancement Program (HFEP) in addition to the BHS

152 Chapter 19: ACCELERATING INFRASTRUCTURE DEVELOPMENT that had undergone renovation, which are expected to be operational by the first quarter of 2020. Upgrading of existing hospitals and equipment will also be instrumental in the continuous operations of these facilities. Policies and investment programs of LGUs will be guided by the Philippine Health Facilities Development Plan 2017-2022 and the Universal Health Care Law, especially in the provision of manpower and health workers who will be also responsible in the operation of facilities completed under DOH’s HFPEP. The passage of the Priority Health Infrastructure Bill will further strengthen public health infrastructures, enabling more local health facilities that will cater to the basic needs of the community. This will also provide another source of funding for the establishment of accredited-specialty medical centers and laboratories which will be needed in the case of health emergencies. Conduct infrastructure-related research and development

Research areas on the transportation system, water resource and security, flood control, power generation, ICT and social infrastructures shall be encouraged by the RDC and SUCs to aid in policy and decision-making in the infrastructure sector.

Recommendations

The following supplemental strategies are recommended to accelerate infrastructure development:

Challenges Recommendations Implementing Agencies Slow progress in the Intensify coordination and monitoring of the removal DPWH, DENR removal of road of obstructions among the concerned agencies, local LTO and DILG obstructions governments and the private sector

Request assistance from cabinet-level officials to expedite removal of obstructions

Expedite the application, processing and issuance of tree-cutting permits and clearances

Enjoin LGUs to enforce RROW laws and prevent encroachment and other forms of temporary obstructions

Provide budget for concerned agencies or LGUs for the removal of road obstructions

Pass LGU ordinance requiring establishments along main roads to provide parking spaces for customers

Pass LGU ordinance requiring utilities to acquire permit in putting up of utility poles/posts

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Traffic congestion along Harmonize traffic management plans and traffic LTO, LTFRB, major highways and city regulations among implementing agencies and LGUs DILG centers Enjoin LGUs to strictly enforce the laws banning tricycle on national highways and no parking in major thoroughfares

Create LGU Traffic Management Offices with plantilla positions Accessibility in port Enhance port facilities to serve the need of PPA, MARINA facilities passengers especially the persons with disabilities and special needs

Study and propose routes for passengers to and from LTFRB port terminals Slow internet connectivity Provide and promote incentives to encourage more DICT, DILG, TelCo players to participate in the industry LGUs

Implement GovNet Project Household electrification Review ER 1-94 Regional Fund Share to ensure DOE proper LGU utilization of the Fund particularly on electrification Growing water demand Fast track the implementation of the New Centennial MWSS Water Source – Kaliwa Dam Project

Revist the implementation of Republic Act No. 6716 DPWH or the Rainwater Collector and Springs Development Act of 1989 to help alleviate water scarcity and drought down to barangay level.

Limited ground water Explore technologies to utilize surface water as an NWRB supply alternative source of potable water

Negative impacts of Create a Regional El Niño Task Force to oversee RDC climate change on water communities that will be affected by droughts and resources (Flooding and El water shortages. Niño) DPWH Conduct the CALABARZON Flood Risk Assessment Study to identify priority river basins for master planning Limited space for Adopt building designs that will maximize spaces, DOH, DepEd, construction of new social adhering to the standards set for public DHSUD, NHA, infrastructures infrastructures PDRRMO, and LGUs Encourage utilization of mobile facilities such as health-on-wheels to serve during emergencies

Increase capacity of existing infrastructures to meet demand

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Promote the “Balik Probinsiya” Program

Inadequate facilities for Capacitate LGUs in the implementation of their Solid DENR-EMB, treatment and Waste Management Plans ERDB, MWSS, management of solid and DOST, DILG liquid wastes Intensify conduct of IEC in communities on 3Rs Provide technical and financial assistance to LGUs in the establishment or upgrading of existing facilities provide

Offer incentives and recognition to best practices on waste management and support proposals on Waste-to-Energy technologies

Establish LGU and industry linkages on the possible reduction of harmful waste materials

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Chapter 20 Ensuring Ecological Integrity, Clean and

Healthy Environment

Fundamental to achieving sustainable development is the capacity of the environment to support the productive sector, livelihood, cultural activities, and human settlements and sustain its functions to provide the necessary ecosystem services (e.g., flood protection and sediment regulation). Hence, it is critical that conservation and protection measures are in place to ensure that human activities do not go beyond ecological limits. However, with the increasing population and intensified risks under a changing climate, the longstanding challenges on resource depletion and degradation are becoming more difficult to address especially in highly resource-dependent communities in the Region.

Maintaining ecological integrity and improving the current state of the environment are among the critical drivers to achieve higher economic growth in the Region. Hence, prioritizing investments to related activities will enable a paradigm shift towards a balanced and inclusive growth for future generations.

The main outcome for the sector is to ensure ecological integrity and to improve the socio- economic conditions of resource-based communities through sustainable integrated area development. In support of the overall sectoral outcome, three major strategies or outcomes will be pursued, namely: a) biodiversity and functioning of ecosystem services sustained; b) environmental quality improved; and c) adaptive capacities and resilience of ecosystems increased, as seen in Figure 20.1.

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Figure 20.1 Ensuring Ecological Integrity, Clean and Healthy Environment

Accomplishments

Sustain biodiversity and functioning of ecosystem services

Forest cover and watershed improved and forestland under effective management restored

The Region’s 570,913-hectare forest cover in 2010 is targetted to increase with the Enhanced National Greening Program (ENGP). A total of 5,601 hectares were planted with forest trees in 2017, 5,560 hectares in 2018, and 25 hectares in 2019. In terms of area of mangroves planted, while no increase was recorded in 2019, the 5,922-hectare target was still exceeded due to the 762.25 hectares planted in 2018. This brings the total mangrove area in the Region to 6,584.25 hectares.

The area of denuded and degraded forestland rehabilitated in 2019 increased to 33,951 hectares with the ENGP’s maintenance activities, seedling replacement, regular weeding, and watering. However, in spite of this increase in rehabilitated areas, the 3,250-hectare target for rehabilitation in 2019 was not met as only 25 hectares were rehabilitated.

Meanwhile, the 36,531-hectare target for the area of forestland under effective management was met in 2019. This is an improvement from the 34,172 hectares recorded in 2018. The 158 Chapter 20: ENSURING ECOLOGICAL INTEGRITY, CLEAN AND HEALTHY ENVIRONMENT increase is attributed to the issuance and monitoring of compliance of issued tenurial instruments, adoption of Forest Land Use Plans, convergence approach, receptive and cooperative LGUs, POs and CSOs, and co-management agreement. Table 20.1 shows the summary of forest cover changes and forestland management in the Region as of 2019.

Table 20.1 Indicators, targets, and accomplishment for Forest cover changes and forestland management in CALABARZON, 2017-2019. Indicators Baseline Target Accomplishment (Year) 2017 2018 2019 2017 2018 2019 Forest Cover 570,913 Increasing 5,601 5,560 25 (area increased (ha) (2010) (area (area planted) planted) planted) Area of Mangroves 5,751 71 50 50 71 762.25 No target Planted (ha) (2010) Area of denuded and 20,970 3,583 4,843 3,250 5,601 7,355 25 degraded forestland (2016) rehabilitated (ha) Area of forestland 36,531 36,531 36,531 36,531 37,901 34,172 36,531 under effective (2016) management (ha) Source: DENR-IVA

Percentage of terrestrial and coastal and marine areas effectively and equitably managed

The number of terrestrial protected areas effectively managed in the Region increased from 17 in 2017 to 19 in 2018 with the identification of additional protected areas under National Integrated Protected Areas System (NIPAS) Act. This decreased to 18 in 2019 with the exclusion of Pagsanjan Gorge which is already declared as a tourist zone by Presidential Proclamation 1551 series of 1976. Table 20.2 shows the PAs effectively managed in the Region. On the other hand, the area of terrestrial protected areas with high biodiversity values effectively managed increased from 2 hectares in 2018 to 16 hectares in 2019 due to the conduct of regular biodiversity monitoring and establishment of permanent transect line for biodiversity assessment.

Table 20.2 List of protected areas in CALABARZON. Name of Protected Area Area (sq km) Location Alabat Watershed Forest Reserve 6.88 Alabat, Quezon Alibijaban Wilderness Area 4.30 San Andres, Quezon Binahaan River Watershed Forest 4.65 Pagbilao and Mauban, Quezon Reserve Buenavista Protected Landscape 2.84 Mulanay, Quezon Hinulugan-Taktak Protected Landscape 0.03 Antipolo City, Rizal Kaliwa Watershed Forest Reserve 351.50 General Nakar, Quezon and Tanay, Rizal Maulawin Spring Protected Landscape 1.49 Guinayangan, Quezon

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Minasawa Island Game Refuge and Bird 0.04 Burdeos, Quezon Sanctuary Mts. Banahaw-San Cristobal Protected 109.01 Laguna and Quezon Landscape Mts. Palay-Palay Mataas Na Gulod 39.73 Cavite and Batangas Protected Landscape Mulanay Watershed Forest Reserve 0.26 Mulanay, Quezon Palsabangon Mangrove Swamp Forest 508.25 Pagbilao, Quezon Reserve Pamitinan Protected Landscape 6.08 Rodriguez, Rizal Polillo Watershed Forest Reserve 1.30 Polillo, Quezon Quezon Protected Landscape 9.83 Municipalities of Pagbilao, Padre Burgos and Atimonan, Province of Quezon Taal Volcano Protected Landscape 622.92 Talisay, Malvar, Tanauan City, Mataas na Kahoy, Laurel, Agoncillo, Sta. Teresita, Cuenca Alitagtag, Lipa City, Balete and San Nicolas in the Province of Batangas and Tagaytay City in the Province of Cavite Unnamed National Park, Wildlife 1,463.10 Laguna, Quezon, Rizal and Bulacan Sanctuary and Game Preserve (PP1636) Upper Marikina River Basin Protected 261.26 Municipalities of Antipolo, Montalban, Landscape San Mateo and Baras, Rizal Source: DENR Region IV-A

The target of nine sites for area of degraded coral reefs within NIPAS rehabilitated and protected in 2019 was met which can be attributed to the assessment of coral and seagrass areas in locally managed marine protected areas in Batangas and Quezon.

Meanwhile, the 36 percent target of classified caves effectively and equitably managed by LGUs in 2019 was not met as only 19 percent was achieved. Out of 21 caves, only four have management plans, namely, Arana, Butas Kabag, Sangab, and Palale Caves.

Table 20.3 Indicators, targets, and accomplishments for the terrestrial and coastal and marine protected areas in CALABARZON, 2017-2019. Indicators Baseline Target Accomplishment (2016) 2017 2018 2019 2017 2018 2019 Percentage of Terrestrial 100% 100% 100% 100% 89% 100% 95% protected areas (PAs) (19) (17) (18) Area of degraded coral reefs 2,724 3,961 3,360 9 3,961 3,360 9 within NIPAS marine PA sites sites rehabilitated and protected within local MPA (ha) Percentage of classified caves 36% 36% 36% 27% 43% 36% 19% effectively and equitably managed by LGUs

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Quality of coastal and marine Giant clams Maintained quality habitats improved (ha) reseeded in 133.757 ha. Proportion of coastal cities and 31 Increasing municipalities with ICM plan Area of terrestrial protected 2 2 2 2 2 2 16 areas with high biodiversity values effectively managed (in ha) Source: DENR Region IV-A

Meanwhile, sustained quality of coastal and marine ecosystems in the Region was also observed from 2016 to 2019 due to the conduct of coastal cleanup and patrolling. This resulted to better water quality that enabled the successful restocking of giant clams. The proportion of coastal cities and municipalities with Integrated Coastal Management Plan, on the other hand, increased with the addition of Mauban, Quezon. This was achieved through the provision of technical assistance on coastal management.

Inland waters/wetlands and caves effective managed

The six hectare-target for area of priority inland/wetland effectively managed in 2019 was met due to the implementation of management plans of Yellow Lake, Pansipit River, Palakpakin Lake, Bunot Lake, Lalaguna Marsh, and Caliraya Lake. The same is observed for caves with high conservation value which met the targetted 4 caves in 2019. This is attributed to the implementation of the management plans in cooperation with LGUs.

Table 20.3 Indicators, targets, and accomplishments for inland/wetlands and caves in CALABARZON, 2017-2019. Indicators Baseline Target Accomplishment (2016) 2017 2018 2019 2017 2018 2019 Area of priority inland/wetland effectively 8 6 4 6 12 8 6 managed (ha) Management of caves with high 5 8 8 4 8 8 4 conservation value improved Number of caves effectively managed (No data) 8 8 4 8 8 4 Source: DENR Region IV-A

Beneficiaries with secured land tenure increased

There were 1,589 residential free patents in residential lands zoned as residential areas issued to beneficiaries in 2019. This is slightly lower than the 1,600 target for the same time period due to low applications received by DENR Region IV-A. On the other hand, there were 1,196 beneficiaries with secured land tenure in public agricultural alienable and disposable lands in 2019, as seen in Table 20.5. This is higher than the 580 beneficiaries targeted for the same period. The accomplishments may be attributed to the implementation of the Handog Titulo Program and the strengthening of the database through the implementation of land administration and management system (LAMS).

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Table 20.4 Indicators, targets, and accomplishments for land in CALABARZON, 2017-2019. Indicators Baseline Target Accomplishment (2016) 2017 2018 2019 2017 2018 2019 Number of residential free patents 2,969 2,550 1,700 1,600 2,238 1,944 1,589 issued Number of beneficiaries with 1,532 1,000 620 580 1,366 1,114 1,196 secured land tenure in public agricultural A&D lands Number of beneficiaries with 2,969 2,550 1,700 1,600 2,238 1,944 1,589 secured land tenure in residential lands zoned as residential areas Source: DENR Region IV-A

Land Administration and Management improved through LAMS

The 8,168 target for the number of lots/patents issued from 2017 to 2019 was surpassed as 9,513 lots/patents were issued for the same time period. Specifically, for 2019, the 2,226 target was achieved as 2,785 lots/patents were issued. Likewise, the 2019 target of 4,000 surveys was surpassed as 6,056 were inspected, verified, and approved through LAMS. The shift from manual to computerized processing through the implementation of LAMS is a major factor in the increasing number of accomplishments for survey approval.

Table 20. 5 Indicator, targets, and accomplishments for LAMS in CALABARZON, 2017- 2019. Indicators Baseline Target Accomplishment (2016) 2017 2018 2019 2017 2018 2019 Number of lots/patents issued 2,883 3,565 2,377 2,226 3,605 3,123 2,785 Inspection, verification, and approval 78,722 6,000 4,000 4,000 6,336 6,271 6,056 of surveys through LAMS Source: DENR Region IV-A

Resource-based industries expanded

Jobs generated from reforestation and non-timber/agroforestry enterprises increased from 14,730 in 2018 to 17,062 in 2019 with the successful collaboration of government and people’s organizations. The same is observed with the number of biodiversity-friendly enterprises recognized as the number increased from 11 in 2018 to 12 in 2019, with the addition of the Samahan ng mga Kababaihan ng Sitio Manuel Uy, which focuses on seaweed production in Calaca, Batangas.

The development of 22 protected areas into ecotourism sites for 2019 was attained; this is higher than the 13 ecotourism sites developed in 2018. The implementation of the management plan was key to the successful attainment of targets.

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Likewise, the 10 target Key Biodiversity Areas that serve as ecotourism destinations was achieved through the use of LAWIN system, database, and response strengthening.

On the other hand, the area of agroforestry system adopted in 2019 increased by 70 hectares from the 5,083 hectares in 2018 which can be attributed to the memorandum of agreement forged between people’s organizations and the DENR on implementation of agroforestry systems.

Meanwhile, income generated from foreshore areas increased to PHP138,910,233.28 in 2019 from PHP70,840,143 in 2018 due to the intensified collection and appraisal of foreshore areas. An increase was also observed in Integrated Protected Area Fund as PHP8,051,260.09 was collected in 2019 from PHP2,600,129.75 in 2018 due to the development of ecotourism sites and IEC through print and social media.

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Table 20.7 Indicators, targets, and accomplishments for resource-based industries in CALABARZON, 2017-2019. Indicators Baseline Target Accomplishment (2016) 2017 2018 2019 2017 2018 2019 Employment from ecotourism and sustainable 245 Increasing community resource-based enterprise increased Number of biodivesity-friendly enterprise n.d. Increasing Increasing 7 4 7 1 recognized increased. Jobs generated from reforestation and non- 8,194 1058 Increasing Increasing 3540 2996 2,139 timber/agro forestry enterprises increased Number of sites/ Protected areas developed as 7 10 22 22 13 13 22 ecotourism destinations Number of sites in Key Biodiversity Areas that 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 serve as ecotourism destinations Area of agroforestry system adopted 6,545 4,958 4,957 2,865 4,948 135 70 Increased income generated from foreshore areas 6,745,776 5% 5% 5% 18,702,789 70,840,143 138,910,233.28 (PhP) increase increase increase from 2016 from 2017 from 2018 Integrated Protected Area Fund(IPAF) increased 9,260,011 5% 5% 5% 2,564,473.75 8,394,872 8,051,260.09 (PhP) increase increase increase from 2016 from 2017 from 2018

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Improve environmental quality

Percentage of major urban areas with ambient air quality within guideline value decreased as air quality monitoring instruments remained unreliable

The target for air quality monitoring in four urban areas was not met. While the Region has four air quality monitoring stations, only three, located in the cities of Biñan and Santa Rosa in Laguna and Antipolo in Rizal are functional. The one in Indang in Cavite remains non-functional.

From 50 percent in 2018, the percentage of major urban areas with ambient air quality within the National Ambient Air Quality Guideline Values (NAAQGV) of 25 μg/NCM for atmospheric particulate matters that have diameter of less than 2.5 micrometers (PM 2.5) decreased to 25 percent in 2019. The decrease is attributed to the erratic performance of air quality monitoring stations in Antipolo City, Santa Rosa City, and Indang. Among the four monitoring stations in the Region, only the station in Biñan City passed the NAAQGV despite the declining performance from 9.83 μg/NCM in 2018 to 15.21 μg/NCM in 2019.

Table 20.8 Ambient air quality in three urban areas of CALABARZON from 2017 to 2018. Urban Areas/Stations Ambient Air Quality (PM2.5, Annual) Standard 2017 2018 2019 μg/NCM μg/NCM μg/NCM μg/NCM

Antipolo 25 No reading 17.24 No reading Biñan City Incomplete reading 9.83 15.21 Santa Rosa City 34.12 27.59 Incomplete reading Source: DENR-EMB IV-A

Water quality of major water bodies failed to meet Class C and SB standards

The percentage of priority water bodies within the water quality guidelines dropped from 5 percent in 2018 to zero in 2019. The decline in water quality was due to the increase in fecal coliform content in Laiya Beach.

The Region’s priority river systems still failed to meet water quality guidelines for Class C Standard or for food production use in 2019. Failure to meet the target is due to high BOD, chloride, ammonia, phosphate, total suspended solids (TSS), and very high fecal coliform content, as seen in Table 20.9.

Table 20.9 Water quality of priority river systems in CALABARZON. 3- River Year BOD Chlorid Color DO FC NH3- pH PO4 T TSS System mg/L e mg/L TCU mg/ MPN/100 N mg/L C mg/L (Province) L ml mg/L 7 350 75 5 200 0.05 6.5- 0.5 25- 80 9.0 31 Imus 2018 10.25 123 8.13 5.41 480,101 3.965 7.80 1.434 19.81 (Cavite) 2019 14 365 15 4.8 833,348 1.744 7.6 1.455 29 105

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Ylang- 2018 122.1 468 257.00 5.00 280,001 1.915 7.69 1.669 976.7 Ylang 2019 123 633 18 4.7 523,520 2.291 7.5 1.769 29 198 (Cavite)

Rio 2018 6.00 26.32 9.82 6.07 1,029,080 1.122 8.04 1.499 20.86 Grande 2019 8 48 12 6 213,226 3.206 7.8 1.126 29 35 (Cavite) Cañas 2018 6.08 956 9.17 5.63 211,769 0.169 7.99 0.790 10.50 (Cavite) 2019 6 593 9 5.8 142,041 1.2 7.8 1.1 29 55

Iyam 2018 10 216 8 5.2 185,396 0.207 8.0 0.274 28 15 (Quezon) 2019 7.14 610 11 3.8 816,139 0.76 20 0.32 28 20

Dumacaa 2018 4 692 8 6.7 74,640 1.101 8.1 0.468 28 16 (Quezon) 2019 5 267 11 6.2 149,192 1.51 7.3 0.42 28 12

Calumpan 2018 22.3 7,304 8 5.0 35,543 1.908 8.0 1.834 12 g 2019 9 2,244 13 5.1 48,118 0.733 7.5 2.46 29 34 (Batangas) Pansipit 2018 4.0 332 5 6.2 3,926 0.015 7.7 0.658 27.1 13 (Batangas) 2019 3 158 7 6.3 1,400 0.321 7.5 0.774 29 13

Maragondo 2018 2.58 1,157 5.83 7.91 27,701 0.086 7.80 0.490 95.17 n 2019 4 10,70 20 7.1 13,111 1.301 7.6 0.35 28 35 (Cavite) Labac 2018 6 2,254 5 6.0 100,929 0.681 7.6 1.018 28.3 71 (Cavite) 2019 7 408 23 6.2 42,092 2.01 7.5 0.77 29 46

Timalan 2018 5.8 4,836 6 6.6 66,272 0.246 7.5 0.750 28.5 137 (Cavite) 2019 4 585 20 6.2 3,941 0.403 7.4 0.344 29 27

Obispo 2018 3.8 1,499 6 5.9 25,540 0.447 8.0 0.871 28.5 179 (Cavite) 2019 7 112 17 5 86,824 0.894 7.4 0.658 28 29

Source: DENR-EMB IV-A

Likewise, the overall ambient water quality in the Manila Bay area did not meet the Class SB water quality standard due to low dissolved oxygen that threatens the health of water bodies, huge amount of fecal coliform content which necessitates water treatment facilities, and exceedance in ammonia and TSS, as seen in Table 20.10.

Table 20.10 Water quality in 10 sampling stations along Manila Bay. Sampling Stations Year Color DO FC NH3-N pH PO43- T TSS TCU mg/L MPN/100 ml mg/L mg/L C mg/L

50 6 100 0.05 7.0-8.5 0.5 26-30 50 Bacoor Beach 2018 22.50 5.48 4,709.66 0.99 8.40 0.42 28.49 24.50 2019 7.08 3.98 11,923 0.44 7.65 0.277 35 Lido Beach 2018 7.92 5.15 7,294.87 0.09 8.07 0.16 28.04 49.08 2019 5.83 6.12 3,173 0.03 7.78 0.075 95 Villamar I 2018 8.75 6.01 1,972.54 0.09 7.95 0.12 27.67 47.92

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2019 5.83 5.79 5,161 0.04 7.87 0.080 106 Celebrity 2018 8.75 5.78 18,545.34 0.21 7.95 0.16 28.19 67.00 2019 7.50 6.21 24,441 0.09 7.57 0.1070 134 Garden Coast 2018 7.50 5.95 2,148.76 0.07 7.97 0.21 28.31 75.83

2019 6.25 6.02 2,693 0.03 7.49 0.058 123 Costa Eugenia 2018 10.42 6.53 3,167.07 0.07 7.79 0.16 28.23 68.75

2019 6.25 6.18 2,770 0.06 7.58 0.061 125 Villa Criselda 2018 7.50 6.37 3,315.64 0.12 8.03 0.17 27.59 122.33

2019 7.08 6.03 2,818 0.04 7.74 0.72 147 Antonio’s Hideaway 2018 5.45 6.48 432.12 0.11 7.74 0.20 28.26 75.73

2019 5.45 6.14 204 0.08 7.65 0.064 149 Daloroy’s Beach Resort 2018 5.00 6.58 905.00 0.05 7.39 0.12 27.89 83.92 2019 5.45 6.14 111 0.02 7.56 0.045 126 Bucana Malaki 2018 7.08 6.20 973.21 0.11 7.79 0.18 28.50 125.33 2019 5.91 6.07 2,143 0.15 7.67 0.085 194 Villa Excellance 2018 9.17 6.45 969.01 0.08 8.15 0.17 28.06 64.75 2019 6.25 6.23 773 0.04 7.47 0.058 110 Dalahican 2018 7.92 8.14 66,279.65 0.31 8.14 0.19 27.87 47.92 2019 6.25 5.02 10,343 0.44 7.51 0.117 117 Mount Sea Resort 2018 7.92 8.35 17,418.37 0.36 8.35 0.37 28.67 131.58 2019 7.08 5.21 41.269 0.32 7.57 0.276 111 Source: DENR-EMB IV-A

The same is also observed for the water quality of major recreational water bodies in the Region which failed the SB Class Standard in 2019 due to high fecal coliform content as seen in Table 20.11.

Table 20.11 Water quality sampling stations in selected recreational water bodies in CALABARZON. Sampling Stations Year FC pH PO43- MPN/100 ml mg/L 200 6.0-8.5 0.5 Laiya 2018 15.67 8.0 0.033 2019 1,046 7.71 0.028 Nasugbu 2018 443.44 7.8 0.063 2019 16,997 7.605 0.036 Matabungkay 2018 1701.49 7.9 0.024 2019 7,378 7.81 0.022 Lemery 2018 259.25 7.8 0.108 2019 13,460 7.33 0.046 Source: DENR-EMB IV-A

As for Laguna Lake, the average BOD level in 2019 is 3 mg/L, which is well within the standard of less than 7 mg/L. The target was achieved due to the implementation of the Manila Bay Rehabilitation Program and Environmental User's Fee System, accreditation of Pollution

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Control Officers, River Rehabilitation Program, institutionalization of sub-water quality management area through LLDA Board Resolution No. 414 s. of 2011, enforcement of environmental laws, intensified saturation drive in hotspot sub-watershed areas, and support and compliance of stakeholders to LLDA-issued regulatory policies.

Table 20.12 Average BOD level of Laguna Lake from 2017 to 2019. Year Average BOD Level (mg/L) Standard: <7 mg/L 2015 (Baseline) 4.67 2017 3.15 2018 2 2019 3 Source: Laguna Lake Development Authority

Laguna Lake has a total of 8,379.86 hectares of aquaculture area in 2019, which is also within its 9,200 hectares carrying capacity. Meanwhile, the 100-hectare target of Laguna Lake basin planted with seedlings in 2019 was met due to the implementation of Laguna de Bay Watershed Greening Program and Bamboo for Life Program and the sustained commitment and partnership with private sector organizations.

In terms of water quality management areas (WQMAs), the target for 2019 was met as the Region now has three operational WQMAs; Imus-Ylang-Ylang-Rio Grande Rivers WQMA, Cañas-Maalimango Rivers WQMA, and Iyam-Dumacaa River System WQMA. This was achieved through the active participation of stakeholders in the public and private sectors.

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Figure 20.2 Map of environmental quality monitoring stations Solid waste management improved but diversion rate targets remained unmet

The number of closed and rehabilitated open dumpsites and controlled dump facilities increased from 24 in 2018 to 27 in 2019. Likewise, the number of sanitary landfills in the Region increased from 34 in 2018 to 43 in 2019. Accomplishment of targets is due to DENR- EMB’s provision of financial and technical assistance to LGUs.

Table 20.13 Total sanitary landfills in Calabarzon as of June 2019. Province 2017 2018 2019 Total Sanitary Landfills Batangas 7 1 2 10 Cavite 3 - - 3 Laguna 8 - - 8 Quezon 12 - 7 19 Rizal 3 - - 3 TOTAL 33 1 9 43 Source: DENR-EMB IV-A

Likewise, LGUs with approved 10-year Solid Waste Management Plan increased by five from 93 in 2018 to 98 in 2019 due to strict compliance of LGUs. Table 20.14 shows that the Province of Laguna is the top performing province in the Region with 88 percent of its cities and municipalities with approved Solid Waste Management Development Plans. Likewise, LGU compliance with RA 9003 greatly increased from 63 percent in 2018 to 65 percent in 2019 due to frequent monitoring of DENR-EMB.

Table 20.14 10-year Solid Waste Management Plan compliance in CALABARZON. Province 2017 2018 2019 Approved 10-YR Solid Proportion to total Waste Management Plan number of as of 2018 cities/municipalities Batangas 14 8 2 24 71% Cavite 20 2 22 65% Laguna 30 - 30 88% Quezon 2 3 3 8 24% Rizal 14 - 14 41% TOTAL 80 13 5 98 69% Source: DENR-EMB IV-A

Meanwhile, the 52 percent target for the solid waste diversion rate in the Region remains to be unmet as only 39 percent was achieved in 2019. Based on computation using the data from LGU’s Waste Analysis and Characterization Study and actual inspection, diversion rate increased from 2017 to 2019 but has not met the 65 percent target. This is because of insufficient data that will contribute significantly to diversion. These data will come from junkshops, household composting activities, materials recovery facilities, recovered wastes from garbage trucks while in transit, among others. These wastes are not recorded and therefore were not captured in the computation of diversion rate.

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Table 20.15 Status of solid waste management in CALABARZON. Indicators Baseline Target Accomplishment (2016) 2017 2018 2019 2017 2018 2019 Number of Closed and rehabilitated open 8 8 14 10 10 24 28 dumpsites (OD) and controlled dump facilities (CDF) increased to decreasing rate Number of Sanitary Landfills increased 23 23 25 25 33 34 43 including the baseline data LGUs with approved 10-year SWM plan 51 64 80 87 80 93 98 increased including the baseline data Percentage compliance of LGUs to RA 16% 21% 25% 27% 50% 63% 65% 9003 (e.g. SWMP, MRF, & closure of dumpsites) increased Solid waste diversion rate increased 46% 46% 49% 52% 34% 37% 39% Source: DENR-EMB IV-A

Increase adaptive capacities and resilience of ecosystems

Number of reviewed CC/DRRM enhanced CLUPs and LCCAPs increased but CDPs and LDRRPMs continue to decrease

The number of reviewed Comprehensive Land Use Plans (CLUPs) in the Region increased from 50 in 2018 to 67 in 2019. For Comprehensive Development Plans (CDPs), however, from 61 in 2018, only 55 LGUs have prepared their CDPs in 2019, of which, only 33 are reviewed. The decrease may be attributed to the lack of funding and technical assistance to capacitate LGUs on the formulation of CDPs.

For the Local Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Plans (LDRRMPs), the number of reviewed plans decreased from 100 in 2018 to 66 in 2019. This is a further decrease from the 134 plans reviewed in 2016. Reviewed Local Climate Change Action Plans (LCCAPs), on the other hand, increase from 97 in 2018 to 106 in 2019.

Casualties from natural disasters continue to decline as disaster preparedness improve in the Region

In compliance to RA 10121 or the Philippine Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Act of 2010, 100 percent of the LGUs (5 provinces and 142 cities and municipalities) in Calabarzon have fully operational DRRM Office. This increased from 67 LGUs in 2018. Relatedly, the number of individuals trained on DRRM increased from 714 in 2018 to 14,302 in 2019. For climate/disaster resilient evacuation centers (ECs), there are nine completed regional ECs and three ongoing construction as of 2019.

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The reported number of casualties due to natural disasters decreased from 16 in 2018 to 6 in 2019. The decrease in number of casualties can be attributed to the preparedness of the population to natural hazards hitting the Region. This may also be attributed to the increased number of operating early warning systems in the Region. On the other hand, the number of casualties due to human-induced events increased from 117 in 2018 to 493 in 2019. The increase in casualties from human-induced events was due primarily to vehicular accidents, fire incidents, and disease outbreak such as measles and dengue.

Indicators Baseline (2016) Target Accomplishment 2017 2018 2019 2017 2018 2019 Number of reviewed CC/DRRM CLUP: 18; Increasing 35 50 67 enhanced plans increased (CLUP, CDP, LDRRMP, CDP: 68 Increasing 61 33/55 LCCAP) LDRRMP: 134 Increasing 100 66 LCCAP: 92 Increasing 114 97 106 Number of fully functional (No data) Increasing 67 147 DRRM operation centers increased Number of established (No data) Increasing 145 3832 12 climate/disaster resilient (regional evacuation centers ECs) Loss of lives and causalities due (No data) to natural disasters and human- induced events reduced Natural Disaster Decreasing 20 16 6

Human-induced Decreasing 64 117 493 Number of individuals trained on Increasing 714 14,302 DRRM increased Number of LGUs with operating Increasing 102 116 early warnig systems (EWS) in place

Sources: CCC, DILG IV-A, DHSUD IV-A, and OCD Region IV-A

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Moving Forward

The protection of the environment requires strict implementation of environmental laws and cooperation of the LGUs and private sector. Collaboration on solid waste management, and water quality monitoring of critical marine and freshwater bodies, such as Priority River Systems, Manila Bay, Batangas Bay, Taal and Laguna Lakes, is necessary to mitigate growing pressures brought about by rapid urbanization and industrialization in the region.

Recommendations

The following are the challenges and recommended strategies for the environment sector for the year 2020.

Challenges Recommended Strategies Implementing Agencies

Sector Outcome: Sustaining biodiversity and functioning of ecosystem services

Potential impacts of climate Increase targets for forestland rehabilitation and DENR change on environmental areas planted with mangrove resources Coordinate with DENR-Protected Area Management Board on plantable areas within protected areas

Engage LGUs in tree planting activities including identification of planting sites in protected areas, among others.

Enhance biodiversity conservation program with emphasis on protection of wildlife species Inadequate data on planning Use available technologies like GIS, drone and A.I. DENR, LLDA, and monitoring of forestlands in mapping and geo-tagging of planting sites LGUs and mangrove areas Key Biodiversity Areas are not Formulate tourism development plans for Key DENR, DOT, maximized as ecotourism sites Biodiversity Areas concerned LGUs Decreasing forestry output Expand established tree plantations and identify DENR forest investment areas

Delineate production and protection forest

Sector Outcome: Improving environmental quality

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Inadequate number of air quality Increase target number of air quality monitoring DENR-EMB monitoring stations stations

Coordinate with LGUs regarding the cities classified as urban areas Assist LGUs to prepare septage and sewage DENR, DENR- management plans EMB, DOH, DPWH Include in agencies’ priority program and projects the establishment of septage and sewage Poor water quality of priority treatment facilities to treat wastewater from upland rivers, Manila Bay, and coastal area and select recreational water Continue to implement Water Quality Management DENR-EMB, bodies Areas’ Action Plan and Manila Bay revised DOH Operational Plan for the Manila Bay Coastal Strategy

Capacitate Water Quality Management Area members Continue and engage LGUs on clean-up activities DENR in priority rivers and Manila Bay Unattained Solid Waste Continue to encourage LGUs to comply with RA DENR-EMB Diversion Rate Target 9003 or the Ecological Solid Waste Management Negative impact of solid Act of 2000 DENR-EMB waste on public health and environment Continue monitoring and provide technical and financial assistance to LGUs

Increase solid waste diversion rate

Close and rehabilitate open dump sites and controlled dump facilities

Establish waste-to-energy facilities

Promote the use of existing recycling technologies

Sector Outcome: Increase Adaptive Capacities and Resilience of Ecosystems

Potential impacts of natural Relocate families living in vulnerable and hazard OCD, DILG, NTC, disasters and meteorological prone areas NDRRMC events, environmental hazards, and human-induced events Coordinate with LGUs to evacuate families affected by disasters

Monitor compliance of Telecommunication Companies to R.A. 10639: The Free Mobile Disaster Act Chapter 20: ENSURING ECOLOGICAL INTEGRITY, CLEAN 173 AND HEALTHY ENVIRONMENT

Lack of technical expertise of Provide technical and financial assistance to DILG LGUs to prepare capacitate LGUs to prepare their CDPs Comprehensive Development Plans and Local Climate Coordinate with the Climate Change Commission Change Action Plan on the preparation and review of LCCAPs

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Chapter 21 Ensuring Safe, Orderly and Regular Migration

This Chapter highlights the 2019 situation in the CALABARZON in terms of attaining a safe, orderly and regular migration. The facilitating and hindering factors in meeting the targets are discussed and specific strategies are recommended to address the identified challenges.

Figure 21.1 Strategic Framework to Ensure Safe, Orderly and Regular Migration

Accomplishments

Government services made more available at the local level. Aside from the assistance and services provided by the national and regional government agencies, provincial governments were tapped and capacitated to enhance government services provided to overseas Filipinos (OFs). The established One-Stop Resource Migration Center (OSMRC) in all provinces ensured access to assistance and services at the local level. These Centers provided services ranging from economic, financial and psychosocial in nature. OSMRC staff were continuously capacitated through active participation in national and regional seminars and trainings to better serve the needs of OFs.

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The number of local governments hosting the BalinkBayan portal was also increasing. The localized portal serves as a platform for sharing knowledge, expertise, skills, networks, material and financial resources among OFs worldwide. Currently, the localized portal is hosted in Bacoor City, Carmona, Los Baños, Cuenca, and the provinces of Batangas and Laguna. The BalinkBayan program will be upgraded to include more services and expand those that can host the portal to serve more number of OFs.

Some LGUs in the Region established their local OF help desks. For instance, about 75 percent of the LGUs in Batangas Province were able to establish OF help desks. On the other hand, only about 35 percent and 19 percent of LGUs in Cavite and Quezon, respectively, were able to establish OF help desk. While all provinces have a functional Committee on Migration and Development (CMD), very few cities and municipalities created their local CMD. Out of 23 cities and municipalities in Cavite Province, only three have institutionalized a local CMD in 2019.

Orientation seminars strengthened. The Calamba City satellite office of the Philippine Overseas Employment Administration conducted 14 pre-employment orientation seminars (PEOS) in 2019 which was attended by 5,693 participants. The number of orientations is higher by 7.69 percent while the number of participants is up by 90.66 percent compared to 2018. Local government units through the Public Employment Service Office (PESO) also conducted a number of PEOS for jobseekers who would like to work overseas.

Aside from the conduct of PEOS and pre-departure orientation seminar (PDOS), conduct of pre-migration orientation seminars (PMOS) was promoted. PMOS provide basic information on pre-migration and presentation of migration realities to would be OFs.

Investments and savings continuously promoted. The Region was active in conducting financial literacy trainings and seminars for OFs and their families including the children left behind. The importance of savings and investments is greatly emphasized to ensure economic stability to the OFs upon reintegration. Regional activities, like the M&D Forum provides a venue in promoting savings and investments for OFs.

Creation of OF federations promoted. OFs are encouraged to form federations in their locality. These federations are beneficial to member OFs as they can relay the issues and concerns of their sector through representation to local committees and other government or non-government bodies. The participation of these OF federations in planning activities will enable them to voice out their concerns during local development planning. OF federations also facilitate access to government services. A total of 25 OF federations were created in Batangas, 4 in Cavite, and 10 in Quezon.

Database development remained a challenge. Availability of data is important for evidenced-based decisions and planning. Hence, initiatives have been made to develop a regional database on international and internal migration. The Community-Based Monitoring System (CBMS) used and maintained by local governments provided an opportunity to collect data on migration. Thirteen rider questions on international migration were developed to be used during data collection for CBMS. As of April 2019, 78 LGUs adopted the CBMS and out of these, 10 LGUs used the rider questionnaire on international migration.

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For internal migration, a database system known as the local migration information system (LMIS) was developed to capture internal migration data up to the barangay level. As of October 2019, six LGUs in Rizal, Laguna and Cavite adopted the system.

Moving Forward

The full implementation of laws such as the Social Security Act and the Universal Healthcare Act will better protect the welfare of OFs. The former expands coverage of mandatory SSS contributions to include all OFs while the latter ensures the automatic coverage of OFs in PhilHealth.

Meanwhile, the enhancement of the National Skills Registration Program (NSRP) can provide better employment facilitation for returning OFs. It will highlight the OFs’ competence in the PhilJobNet and PESO Employment Information System because it will allow the inclusion of their work experience abroad in their profiles. The enhanced database system will also provide easier identification of OFs that can be beneficial to employers.

The CBMS Act will provide more opportunities to collect data on international and internal migration. The Act mandates LGUs to adopt the CBMS which is beneficial in development planning and policy formulation.

One of the challenges in terms of migrants working in the Region is the non-availability of data on foreign nationals working in the Region. Having this information will help identify issues and concerns concerning them and ensure that their rights are protected.

Recommendations

In addition to existing program and projects, the following strategies are recommended to ensure attainment of safe, orderly and regular migration:

Challenges Strategies Implementation Agencies Provinces’ unaware of the total Bridge the disconnect of POEA, OSMRCs/Provincial number of deployed OFWs national/regional and local data CMDs each year on OFW deployment Limited OF Federations Promote advantages of OSMRCs/Provincial CMDs creating organizations

Further encourage creation of OF organizations from provincial to barangay level Few LGUs with local CMDs Reiterate policies on creation of Regional CMD CMDs at the local level

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Chapter 22 Regional Development Plan 2017-2022 Implementation and Monitoring

The implementation of the CALABARZON RDP 2017-2022 is a concerted effort among the RLAs, GOCCs, SUCs, LGUs, private sector, and civil society organizations. The attainment of the development goals of the Plan depends on the close coordination among these development actors. The NEDA Regional Office IV-A monitors and shepherds the implementation of the RDP with guidance from the RDC. The RDR serves as the annual measure of the Plan’s accomplishments vis-à-vis with its development goals and targets. For 2019, the RDR both reported the accomplishments for the year and the accomplishments of the Plan at mid-term.

The RDP 2017-2022 was updated twice, first during its regular mid-term updating in 2019 and the second in 2020 to address the challenges brought by the Taal Volcano Eruption and the COVID 19 Pandemic.

In 2019, the RDC approved the inclusion of 187 new programs and projects in the RDIP amounting to PHP24.17 billion. These programs and projects will contribute to the achievement of goals and targets of the Plan. The RDIP also serves as a basis in the RDC review and endorsement of RLA, SUCs and GOCC budgets. The total FY 2020 budget endorsed by RDC to the central offices of the RLAs, governing boards of GOCCs, CHED and DBM amounted to PHP139 billion.

On monitoring, the RPMC regularly conducted committee meetings and field inspections of major ongoing programs/projects to ensure their efficient and effective implementation. Problem-solving sessions were proactively conducted to resolve program/project bottlenecks at the onset. The Local Project Monitoring Committees were likewise involved in these monitoring and facilitation activities considering their first-hand knowledge of the programs/projects on the ground.

To gain support for the RDP and Ambisyon 2020, advocacy activities are being conducted to make the people aware of their roles in nation-building and also understand the various development initiatives and interventions of the government, the role of the private sector and the civil society organizations towards a Matatag, Maginhawa at Panatag na Pamumuhay, especially at this challenging “New Normal” Situation.

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Credits

BatStateU Batangas State University BFP Bureau of Fire Protection

BLGF Bureau of Local Government and Finance BJMP Bureau of Jail Management and Penology

BSP Bangko Sentral ng Pilipinas CDA Cooperative Development Authority

CHED Commission on Higher Education CHR Commission on Human Rights COA Commission on Audit

CSC Civil Service Commission CvSU Cavite State University

DA Department of Agriculture DA-AIT Department of Agriculture - Agricultural Training Institute

DA-ACPC Department of Agriculture - Agricultural Credit Policy Council DA-BFAR Department of Agriculture - Bureau of Fisheries and Aquatic Resources DA-PCA Department of Agriculture - Philippine Coconut Authority

DA-PCIC Department of Agriculture - Philippine Crop Insurance Corporation DA-PFID Department of Agriculture - Philippine Fiber Industry Development

DAR Department of Agrarian Reform DBM Department of Budget and Management

DBP Development Bank of the Philippines DENR Department of Environment and Natural Resources DENR-EMB Environment Management Bureau

DENR-FMB Forest Management Bureau DepEd Department of Education

DHSUD Department of Human Settlements and Urban Development DILG Department of Interior and Local Government

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DOE Department of Energy DOH Department of Health

DOH-CHD Center for Health Development DOJA-PAO Department of Justice – Public Attorney’s Office

DOJ-PPA Department of Justice – Parole and Probation Administration DOLE Department of Labor and Employment

DOST Department of Science and Technology DOT Department of Tourism DOTr Department of Transportation

DPWH Department of Public Works and Highways DSWD Department of Social Welfare and Development

DTI Department of Trade and Industry HDMF Home Development Mutual Fund

HGC Home Guaranty Corporation IBPAP IT and Business Process Association of the Philippines IPOPHL Intellectual Property Office of the Philippines LBP Landbank of the Philippines

LLDA Laguna Lake Development Authority LSPU Laguna State Polytechnic University

LTO Land Transportation Office LWUA Local Water Utilities Administration

NCCA National Commission for Culture and the Arts NCIP National Commission on Indigenous Peoples NEDA National Economic and Development Authority

NHMFC National Home Mortgage Finance Corporation NIA National Irrigation Administration

NWRB National Water Resource Board OCD Office of Civil Defense

OPAPP Office of the Presidential Adviser on the Peace Process

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OWWA Overseas Workers Welfare Administration PCA Philippine Coconut Authority PDEA Philippine Drug Enforcement Agency

PEZA Philippine Economic Zone Authority PHIC Philippine Health Insurance Corporation PNP Philippine National Police

PNR Philippine National Railways POEA Philippine Overseas Employment Administration

PPA Philippine Ports Authority (Batangas and Marquez) PSA Philippine Statistics Authority SHFC Social Housing Finance Corporation

SLSU Southern Luzon State University SOLCOM, AFP Southern Luzon Command, Armed Forces of the Philippines TESDA Technical Education and Skills Development Authority

TRB Toll Regulatory Board URS University of Rizal System LGUs Local Government Units Cavite Province Laguna Province Batangas Province Rizal Province Quezon Province

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