Y A-T-Il Deux Démocraties En Belgique ?

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Y A-T-Il Deux Démocraties En Belgique ? LAÏQUE #04 & TOI(T) septembre 2019 Magazine de la Fédération des Maisons de la Laïcité Y A-T-IL DEUX DÉMOCRATIES EN BELGIQUE ? L’action laïque de coopération en RDC La loi française de séparation des églises et de l’État de 1905 diteur responsable : Roland 4/1 - 5001 Belgrade (BE) de Louvain-La-Neuve responsable Brulmans - Fédération des Maisons de la asbl - Route diteur Laïcité É www.fdml.be Par Roland BRULMANS Président de la Fédération ÉDITO des Maisons de la Laïcité Le monde est devenu fou ! Il n’y a plus de impopulaires mais nécessaires; aucun Etat au niveau de nos moyens tant pécuniaires pilote au volant de la machine Terre. Nous n’aura le courage de combattre les nui- qu’humain. courrons tous à la catastrophe de voir dispa- sances des grands Trusts financiers. Nous le faisons par la sensibilisation de nos raître en une ou deux générations la flore et Faut-il baisser les bras ? Certes non ! La concitoyens par des conférences-débats, la faune et avec eux l’humanité tout entière. puissance de résistance des peuples est im- des expositions qui traitent précisément de Tout le monde en fait le constat mais les gou- mense. Ce n’est que récemment que cette toutes questions d’actualité mais aussi sur vernements sont incapables de prendre les force dont ils disposent est mise en marche des sujets tels que l’euthanasie, le mariage décisions drastiques pour redresser la barre et ce, dans de nombreux domaines. Pen- pour tous, le droit de mourir dans la dignité, et inverser la courbe. Pourquoi ? Tout sim- sons aux Gilets jaunes en France, aux mobi- la contraception, l’ I.V.G., la recherche sur les plement parce qu’à leurs côtés agissent de lisations étudiantes pour le climat, le peuple cellules souches , etc… puissantes sociétés qui n’ont qu’un seul ob- algériens qui brave l’armée et ses suppôts jectif : s’enrichir de plus en plus. Tout passe Nous savons aussi que la préparation d’un pour mettre fin à la dictature, celle du peuple par l’économie de marché qui exploite à ou- avenir meilleur passe obligatoirement par Saoudien pour les mêmes raisons, la mobi- trance les richesses de la terre, que ce soit sur les établissements scolaires au sein des- lisation d’un petit nombre de citoyens pour terre, sous la terre et dans les océans. Le cou- quels toutes ces questions doivent être dé- l’accueil des migrants, etc… pable : le capitalisme. battues de manière ouverte et sans doctrine Et nous, Maisons de la Laïcité, quelle est afin de laisser à la jeunesse l’entière liberté Tant que le capitalisme surexploitera les ri- notre action dans ces domaines ? Parce que de ses choix de société. chesses de notre planète, tant que la plupart nous sommes sur le terrain, sans doute l’or- des hommes politiques n’auront pas la car- C’est dans cet esprit que notre Fédération ganisation la plus proche des citoyens, nous rure d’un homme d’Etat sachant se hisser des Maisons de la Laïcité a lancé l’opération avons un rôle essentiel à jouer et je pense au-dessus de ses propres ambitions tout en « récolte de livres scolaires » pour Kinshasa. que nous le faisons, pas assez peut-être mais prenant des mesures humanitaires parfois Cette action est menée conjointement avec l’ASBL « Laïcité, Humanisme en Afrique Centrale » dont notre ami Pierre Galand est président ( voir son article dans ce numéro ). Nous lançons donc encore une fois un SOMMAIRE vibrant appel à l’ensemble de nos Maisons pour qu’elles participent, dans la mesure de leurs moyens, au succès de cette collecte qui se clôturera le 15 novembre. P3>5 P6>9 Nous aborderons le bilan de cette récolte lors de notre événement de fin d’année qui aura lieu le 22 novembre prochain. 3| Merci à toutes et tous et bon travail Dossier Reportage Y a-t-il deux démo- Action laïque en RDC craties en Belgique ? P10>11 P12>13 P14>15 3| 3| 3| Carte blanche Présentation de la Agenda des Maisons La Laïcité : la loi de ML Ourthe et Aisne de la Laïcité 1905 #04 septembre 2019 #04 septembre 2 LAÏQUE & TOI(T) Dossier Y A-T-IL 2 DÉMOCRATIES Rédaction : Serge Govaert EN BELGIQUE ? CRISP jusqu’au gouvernement : le parti dé- tient des portefeuilles ministériels dans le gouvernement de Leo Tin- demans en 1977. Il faut dire qu’en 1971, il est le troisième parti flamand et recueille près de 19% des suffrages. Concurrencée sur son flanc droit par le Vlaams Blok à partir de 1978, la Volk- sunie implose suite à des dissensions internes en 2000 et donne naissance à la Nieuw-Vlaamse Alliantie (N-VA), aujourd’hui premier parti flamand. Le Vlaams Blok, lui, s’est débaptisé afin d’échapper à une condamnation pour infraction à la loi réprimant le racisme et se nomme depuis 2003 Vlaams Belang. Si on additionne leurs résultats élec- toraux, la Volksunie et le Vlaams Blok n’ont jamais dépassé, à leur apogée, les 25% des voix dans les circonscrip- tions flamandes : en 1999, ils étaient légèrement au-dessus de 24%... À partir de 2000, le Vlaams Blok/Vlaams À l’heure d’écrire ces lignes, la for- ration du suffrage universel pur et Belang fait quasiment cavalier seul, et mation des gouvernements au sortir simple (réservé, rappelons-le, dans un l’addition des suffrages obtenus par des élections du 26 mai dernier était premier temps aux hommes) les cir- les deux partis nationalistes tourne loin d’être terminée... sauf en Com- conscriptions électorales flamandes toujours autour de 20%. Mais après munauté germanophone, où les libé- ont envoyé au parlement des dépu- l’intermède des élections de 2007 raux, les socialistes et le parti autono- tés nationalistes : d’abord ceux du où la N-VA se présente en cartel avec miste ProDG ont décidé de rempiler Frontpartij (les « frontistes » : le parti le CD&V, et après l’implosion de ce pour cinq ans, sous la direction du s’appelait officiellement Vlaamsche cartel, le vote nationaliste repart à ministre-président sortant, Olivier Front), portés par les revendications la hausse, et nettement cette fois : la Paasch (ProDG). de soldats et sous-officiers flamands N-VA et le Vlaams Belang totalisent radicalisés, puis ceux du Vlaamsch plus de 40% des voix flamandes en De parti autonomiste, il n’y en a pas Nationaal Verbond (VNV) qui, sous 2010, plus de 37% encore en 2014 (plus) en Wallonie, ou en tout cas au- l’influence des idées autoritaires qui malgré l’effondrement du Vlaams Be- cun qui dispose d’un élu dans une prennent alors leur essor en Europe, lang. Le résultat de 2019 et les plus assemblée parlementaire. On ne peut finissent par verser dans le fascisme et de 44% recueillis au total par les deux considérer Défi, le successeur du la collaboration avec l’occupant nazi. partis nationalistes dans les circons- FDF – qui dispose de deux sièges à L’électorat nationaliste est stable mais criptions flamandes n’ont, dans ce la Chambre et de plusieurs sièges au relativement marginal : aux dernières contexte, rien d’étonnant. parlement bruxellois – comme un parti élections d’avant-guerre, en 1939, il autonomiste, sauf à forcer le trait. Une Flandre de droite, une Wallonie culmine à quelque 15% des voix en de gauche ? Il en va tout autrement en Flandre. Flandre. Une autre constante, vieille au- Le nationalisme flamand Après la Deuxième Guerre mondiale, jourd’hui d’un siècle, est qu’en la Volksunie reprend le flambeau Bien entendu, ce n’est pas là une Flandre, l’électeur se positionne ma- du nationalisme flamand et le porte situation nouvelle. Depuis l’instau- joritairement à droite – et, dans la #04 septembre 2019 #04 septembre LAÏQUE & TOI(T) 3 Dossier - Y a-t-il 2 démocraties en Belgique ? plupart des cantons wallons (mais moment-clef de l’histoire belge : la la Sambre. Le reste des provinces wal- pas tous), plutôt à gauche. Aux pre- consultation populaire qui a précédé lonnes, par contre, est demeuré rural. mières élections tenues au suffrage le retour sur le trône du roi Léopold Cette industrialisation a déplacé des universel, en 1919, le POB (parti ou- III. Ce dernier, d’abord prisonnier en populations devenues ouvrières, qui vrier belge, ancêtre du parti socialiste Allemagne à la fin de la Deuxième se sont syndicalisées et politisées, ter- actuel) fait une percée remarquable, Guerre mondiale, n’avait pu rentrer reau fertile pour la gauche socialiste y compris en Flandre ; mais c’est en immédiatement au pays en raison de puis communiste. Wallonie qu’il est, sauf au Sud du sil- son attitude, plutôt bienveillante en- En Flandre, la révolution industrielle lon industriel, le premier parti alors vers les nazis, pendant l’occupation. n’a percé à la même époque qu’à qu’en Flandre cette place revient Le 12 mars 1950, 57,68% des élec- Gand, devenu un important centre aux catholiques. Dans les cantons teurs belges se prononcent en faveur textile. Dans le reste de la Flandre, flamands, le POB ne dépasse qu’une de son rétablissement dans ses préro- l’industrialisation s’est poursuivie très seule fois en cent ans la barre des 30% gatives royales : mais ils sont 72,2% à progressivement, et toujours à plus (en 1925) alors qu’en Wallonie, les ré- s’être exprimé en ce sens en Flandre, petite échelle. Le lien avec les struc- sultats cumulés de la gauche et de seulement 42% en Wallonie (et surtout tures agricoles et la hiérarchie sociale l’extrême-gauche sont à chaque fois dans les provinces de Namur et du des campagnes n’a pas disparu, la supérieurs à ceux des partis du centre Luxembourg).
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