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Precision Truck Training Technical & Product Training for the Light Truck Specialist Precision Truck Training Technical & Product Training for the Light Truck Specialist LT ● 2 Light Truck Essentials GMC C O U R S E By James E. Godfrey and Robert J. Godfrey First Edition — March, 2007 Career-builder training by TMI Truck Marketing Institute Page 2 Introduction We recognize that some words, model names and designations, for example, mentioned herein are the property of the trademark holder. We use them for identification purposes only. This not an official publication. No part of this publication may be reproduced by any means without prior authorization of the copyright holder. First Edition –2007 Copyright © 2007 by Truck Marketing Institute 1090 Eugenia Place, Suite 101 Carpinteria, California 93013-2011 Phone: 1-805-684-4558 Fax: 1-805-684-2868 Web: http://www.TruckMarketingInstitute.com All Rights Reserved Printed in the U.S.A. Light Truck Essentials Precision Truck Training TMI B 7 Introduction Page 3 FOREWORD Congratulations on your commitment, and welcome to Truck Marketing Institute and our LT-2 course. This book will serve as the cornerstone for your studies in this five lesson course; with it you can study when and where you like, an aspect of the flexible training that has made TMI popu- lar for over 40 years. Our Mission: To assist you in developing an understanding of fundamental principles coupled with in-depth truck product knowledge. To teach the fundamentals, we have created a fictional line of trucks and SUVs that go by the name Shadow. The Shadow model line provides a cross section of contemporary truck design and specifications to provide the best instruc- tional benefit. Depending on needs, you are enrolled in one of these specializations: GENERAL COURSE is our non-brand specific version. Ideally suited for anyone working with a variety of makes, or with limited access to factory product information. The Shadow Data Manual included at the back of this binder provides comprehensive specifications for our TMI range of truck models—from minivan and SUV through light- and medium-duty trucks (with gas or diesel engines throughout). MAKE SPECIALIZED versions are tailored to those focusing on a spe- cific brand of truck. Students study our Shadow line of trucks to learn the principles. The Product Studies section includes a study guide for your truck make as well as the Shadow models. You will make many references to your product data sources, in your studies, and doing your end-of-lesson tests. Your Mission: Go full throttle at absorbing each lesson; then test your performance with each of the five exams. Strive now, and in a short time you will very likely join the many TMI graduates who sincerely believe that knowledge is the key to greater rewards. James E. Godfrey Robert J. Godfrey Director Emeritus Director and CEO TMI Precision Truck Training Light Truck Essentials B 7 Page 4 Introduction Contents Introduction 3 Foreword— and we’re here to serve you! 4-6 Contents 7 Objective: Being a Truck Professional 7 Truck Marketing Institute: Mission Statement 8 How to Study Effectively 9 “What if I Get Stumped?” 9 Taking the Tests 10 Grading Policy 10 What is a Good Score? 10 Six Month Enrollment Term 11 Employer Follow-Up 11 What is a Good Study Pace? 11 To Mail or to Fax? 12 Group Study Policy 12 You’re Working for This! 13 Score Card 15 Course Evaluation Survey Lesson: 1 18 Light Truck and SUV Market 18 Why Trucks are Popular 19 SUVs: Then and Now 20 An SUV by the Book 21 Chassis Drive Types 22 Architecture: Engine, Transmission, Drive Axle 26 Engine Nomenclature 29 Truck Weight Ratings 30 Calculating Equipped Curb Weight 31 Accounting for Occupant Weights 31 Allowed Payload and Cargo Load 32 Calculating GVW 32 Basic Truck Dimensions 33 “Just Show Me a Half-Ton Truck” 33 Truck Weight Rating Systems Light Truck Essentials Precision Truck Training TMI B 7 Introduction Page 5 Lesson: 2 36 Understanding Load Capacity 36 Frame Types and Designs 37 Truck Strength Starts With Frame Strength 37 Section Modulus 37 Yield Strength 38 RBM: Resisting Bending Moment 38 Bending Moment: What is It? 39 Suspension Systems Defined 39 Front Axles and Suspensions 40 Rear Axles and Suspensions 41 Types of Rear Axles 41 Rear Axle Housings 42 Axle Drive Gears 43 Differential Assembly and Controls 44 Springs and Spring Ratings 46 Shock Absorbers and Stabilizer Bars 46 Tires and Wheels 46 Radial versus Bias-Ply Construction 47 Tire Tread Designs 48 Tire Sizes and Dimensions 49 Tire Load Ratings 49 P-Metric Tires: Truck Application Ratings 50 The Wheel and Tire Relationship 51 Gross Axle Weight Ratings Lesson: 3 54 The Three-Way Test: Obey the Limits 55 Jane and Dick: Sharing the Load 56 Thinking Trucks: Sharing the Load 57 Weight Distribution in Percentages 58 Weight Distribution: Shadow S80 Pickup 60 The Full-Size SUV: Pushing the Limits 61 Weight Distribution Anomalies 62 Weight Distribution: The Big Picture 65 The CGA: Body-Load CG to Rear Axle 66 Dump Trucks: Special Considerations 68 Chassis-Cabs: The Body Connection 72 Equipment add-on Weights TMI Precision Truck Training Light Truck Essentials B 7 Page 6 Introduction Lesson: 4 74 The Basics: Work, Torque and Power 75 First Comes Torque, Then Power 78 The Powertrain- From Engine to Axle 79 Transmissions: Performance Stairways 82 Finding Engine Speed at Any Road Speed 83 Harnessing the Horsepower 85 Finding Geared Speed — Choosing Axle Ratios 86 Automatic Transmissions: How They Differ 87 Manual Transmission Anatomy 88 Powertrain: Gearing, Torque, Power, Friction 90 Drive Wheel Power Demands 92 Performance: Putting it Together 95 Cruising on the Level: The Case for Economy 96 What Happened to Friction Power Loss? 96 The Power Balance Lesson: 5 98 4x4s: Another Look 98 4x4 Variations: Part-Time and Full-Time 99 Locking Hubs and Differentials 99 Trailering with Trucks 100 GVW, GTW and GCW 100 Trailer Tongue Weight Distribution 101 Load Distribution: Dead Weight Hitch 102 Weight Distributing Hitches 103 The Five Trailer and Hitch Classes 104 What About Towing Capacity? 104 The Fifth-Wheeler Tow: Pushing the Limits 106 Truck-Trailer Highway Performance 108 The Power Robbers: Altitude and Heat 108 Turbocharged versus Naturally Aspirated 109 Diesel and Gas Engines: More Differences 110 Alternative Fuel Vehicles (AFV): The Basics 111 Hybrid Gas-Electric Powertrains 111 Electrical Systems Basics 113 Cooling Systems (aka Temperature Control) 115 Steering, Brakes and Vehicle Control 119 Working Trucks and Power-Take-Offs 119 Fuel Economics: Think Big Picture 122 What Shall It Be: Gas or Diesel? 124 Vocations for Diesel Power 124 Cross Roads and New Horizons Appendix 125 Tables & Data 132 Glossary Index 137 Product Studies 1 Shadow Data Manual 1 Light Truck Essentials Precision Truck Training TMI B 7 Introduction Page 7 Introduction Objective: Being a Truck Professional Being a truck professional may take one of several forms. Your func- tion may be truck sales or leasing, or you may be a purchasing man- ager. For both the seller and buyer sides of that transaction desk, mutual truck professionalism enhances the process and will assure the right truck—or fleet—for the service requirements. Helping to establish your credibility as a truck professional is the objective of our TMI Precision Truck Training Courses. By com- pleting this course, you will find that your confidence has increased because you’ve got a good dose of truck fundamentals filed away for use when you need it. The market for SUV’s, light- and medium-duty trucks is huge and the buyers are many and diverse. Overall, however, they buy trucks because they perceive trucks will do something for them that cars can’t. Selling with precision means that you can recommend the right truck for the right buyer, the first time, and every time! Truck Marketing Institute: Mission Statement Truck Marketing Institute was founded in 1964 to write specialized training courses for those who sell and operate trucks. Our mission is to deliver up-to-date training programs that will substantially increase the sales engineering skills of not only truck sales representatives, but also those personnel in related fields of fleet purchasing, g For Over in e n t finance and leasing operations. ai r u T t t i You can be assured that Truck Marketing c t u s d n o I r Institute meets and exceeds distance education P g 45 in “best practices” of: Qualified faculty and staff. et rk Careful admission screening. Reasonable tuition. Truck Ma Years TMI Precision Truck Training Light Truck Essentials D 10 Page 8 Introduction Courses that have educational value. Honest advertising practices. A fair tuition refund policy. A history of student success and satisfaction. Financial stability to assure a quality educational service. How to Study Effectively Here are a few things we have learned from students that will help you to study most effectively. 1. Schedule a study period so you can read a complete lesson. Then “sleep on it.” Seriously, science tells us it works; even as we sleep that marvelous human brain keeps on clicking. Next day, read again; the extra clarity may surprise you. 2. Pick a time, place, and environment for studying that suits your style. For some, it could be a quiet room. Others may want back- ground music. 3. Get all your study materials together before you begin. You’ll need this textbook, your product data, scratch paper and a calculator. 4. As you study, stay involved with the text. Make notes in the margins, underline terms, and key phrases. 5. Use a three step method for studying: A. Read the lesson objectives and scan the entire lesson for content; B.
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