DOCSLIB.ORG

Chapter Ii Theoritical Review

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Chapter Ii Theoritical Review CHAPTER II THEORITICAL REVIEW In this chapter, the reseacher concerns with some of the most important issues in theories in the movie, character, main character, feminism, and kinds of feminism. Therefore, to clarify the overall meaning of this chapter. 2.1. Definition of Movie The development of the movie industry in this era more rapidly and sophisticated. Different movie there are different quality too. Moreover, the demands of the audiences who witnessed are the need of the story and other ancillary aspects of more perfect again. Movie is a work of art shaped vivid images as audio-visual means comunication were recorded by the camera. Movie is a series of still images on a strip of plastic which, when to a projector and shown on a screen, creates the illusion of moving images. Caroll (2008:80) stated: “Movie are typically comprised of a series of moving pictures, called shots, which themselves are animated as a succession of still pictures, called frames, pass before the projector team. Based on Caroll stated the writer concluded that, movie consist of moving picture or animation which shown by projector team. Bertino (2004:123) argues that “for the purpose of exposition, a movie is a tuple characterized by the atributtes director, actor or actrees, and genre. As the 1 2 writer can give conclussion based on Bertino argues that, movie it can be called movie because of the element totality or characteristic which consisting. Based on the upon, as the reseacher can be conclude that movie is a moving picture, it means to deliver the positive things and describe the social life of the community. 2.2. Definition of Characters Murray and Rockowitz argue that “Character is a person (or, in the case of such work as fables, a non-human with a human personality) in a literary work. Character can also refer to the particula, unique traits of a person in a literary work. Character is a person’s personality is seen from the behavior, body shapes, and sounds to be typical in people. The players who have seemed to be very appropriate to portray every character on this movie. Teenagers played by actors whose age appropriate. Based on the writer conclusion about the theory above is character is a person or thing which has the human personality or everything about human life and can applying it in a movie. According to Farmer, Armer and Burrow (2007:59) Character is the combinations of qualities and attributes (traits) that makes one person different from other.” Someone who has different character with other seen from a variety of behavior that make a person look very different from those around. Farmer, Armer, and Burrow give statement that character is something combination between qualities and attributes which the character use it and it can be seen different. Based on the writer. 3 Arnold (2001:265) said that; Characters are defined by their actions, their motivations, their histories, selection of words that make up vocabularies, and reactions and responses to other character”. Characters also have their own language, humans who have difinite, character has a different personality each other. The witer can conclude Arnol statement that 'Character only about the habbitually life whose human a live it. Based on the theories above, as the authors can take a comprehensive conclusion that is, the character can be a person or object that reflects the life of humans in general and also through the quality and attributes that are used can be seen the behavior of a different human and acceptable in society through a movie. 2.3. Definition of the Main Character Heven (2000:82) “the main character is the one in the most scenes or the one with most lines”. This indicates that the main character in a scene is the spearhead or lead in a film that makes a film interesting to watch. The main character is important person who needed in a movie, which has a lot of scenes, as the spearhead and the success of that movie in the main character hands. Based on the writer. Shaffer (2009:147) “the leading male or female character, who generally exhibits superior qualities who simply is the main character”. The main character is indirectly must have leadership skills in a movie because the main character is the role of the leading, foremost and should highlight exellence in character. The main character consist of man and woman 4 and their should has skills, shown their ability as the leader and also be the exellence. Based on the writer. Means and Lindnen (1998:35) “the main character has a problem to solve, want something or tries to do something”. As the main character in a movie, the main character should be able to improvise to a step futrher than other roles that made the difference in a movie. Based on Means and Lindnen theory as the writer can conclude that, main character has big responsible in a movie such as be able to improvise and make the movie seen different. “The main character is a character in a novel preferred imagenary. He/she/it is the most telling figure, both as perpetrators and the events that are subject to the incident. (Nurgiyantoro, 2005:176-177).” The main character choosing from novel or anything else and special figure in a movie. Based on the statement above, as the researcher can be concluded that the main character is important person like man and woman choosed from novel or anything else whose needed in a movie, which has a lot of scenes, as the spearhead, has skills to improvise, has a big responsible and the success of a movie in the main character hands. 2.4. Definition of Feminism Feminism is an understanding that arise when women demanded to get equals right as men. 5 The terms was first used in the political debate in France in the late 19th century. According to Hannam (2007:22) in the book of feminism, feminism can be defined as: 1. A recognition of an imbalance of powe between the sexes, with women in a subordinate role to men. 2. A belief that social woman condition is constructed and therefore, can be changed. 3. An emphasis on female autonomy. From Hannam opinion as the writer can give conclusion that, because of the powe between men and women then the women demanded to get equals right as men and there is one believe that the social woman condition can be changed. Feminism, as liberation struggle, must exist apart from and as a part of the larger struggle to eradicate domination in all its forms. We must understand that patriarchal domination shares an ideological foundation with racism and other forms of group oppression, and that there is no hope that it can be eradicated while these systems remain intact. This knowledge should consistently inform the direction of feminist theory and practice. (hooks 2007:22). Maguire said that, "Feminism is: (a) a belief that women universally face some form of oppression or exploitation; (b) a commitment to uncover and understand what causes and sustains oppression, in all its forms and (c) a commitment to work individually and collectively in everyday life to end all forms of oppression" (Maguire, 2013: 79). 6 In general, feminism is a movement to end discrimination encountered by women so that women have their right in all field such as in the social, economic, political or cultural field. 2.5.Kinds of Feminism According to West, 2010:76, there aret six kinds of feminism which are Liberal feminism, Radical feminism (Radical-Libertarian Feminism and Radical- Cultural Feminism) Black feminism, Socialist and Marxist feminisms, Ecofeminism, and Individualist feminism. 1. Liberal Feminism Liberals hold that freedom is a fundamental value, and that the just state ensures freedom for individuals. Liberal feminists share this view, and insist on freedom for women. According to Abbey, Ruth (2013). Based on Abbey, Ruth the writer can give conclusion that, the freedom of women is something importantant in women life. Liberal feminism asserts the equality of men and women through political and legal reform. It is an individualistic form of feminism, which focuses on women’s ability to show and maintain their equality through their own actions and choices. Issues important to liberal feminists include reproductive and abortion rights, sexual harassment, voting, education, "equal pay for equal work", affordable childcare, affordable health care, and bringing to light the frequency of sexual and domestic violence against women (Hooks, 2007). 7 From the both theory liberal sense of feminism as the writer can conclude that, a woman has the right and freedom to show their ability as a whole, entitled to realize all dreams and also be able to join in all aspects of life. 2. Radical Feminism Radical feminism is a philosophy emphasizing the patriarchal roots of inequality between men and women, or, more specifically, social dominance of women by men. Radical feminism views patriarchy as dividing rights, privileges and power primarily by gender, and as a result oppressing women and privileging men. (Whittier, 2001:23). Radical feminism considers the capitalist hierarchy, which it describes as sexist, as the defining feature of women’s oppression. Radical feminists see capitalism as one of the most important barriers to ending oppression (Echols, 2000). Based on the above understanding, it can be concluded that, the discrimination of rights between men and women believed by Whittier and also about the power based on sex. In short, radical feminism is an idea emphasizing the patriarchal roots of discrimination between men and women, or, more specifically, social dominance of women by men.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Political Ideas and Movements That Created the Modern World
    harri+b.cov 27/5/03 4:15 pm Page 1 UNDERSTANDINGPOLITICS Understanding RITTEN with the A2 component of the GCE WGovernment and Politics A level in mind, this book is a comprehensive introduction to the political ideas and movements that created the modern world. Underpinned by the work of major thinkers such as Hobbes, Locke, Marx, Mill, Weber and others, the first half of the book looks at core political concepts including the British and European political issues state and sovereignty, the nation, democracy, representation and legitimacy, freedom, equality and rights, obligation and citizenship. The role of ideology in modern politics and society is also discussed. The second half of the book addresses established ideologies such as Conservatism, Liberalism, Socialism, Marxism and Nationalism, before moving on to more recent movements such as Environmentalism and Ecologism, Fascism, and Feminism. The subject is covered in a clear, accessible style, including Understanding a number of student-friendly features, such as chapter summaries, key points to consider, definitions and tips for further sources of information. There is a definite need for a text of this kind. It will be invaluable for students of Government and Politics on introductory courses, whether they be A level candidates or undergraduates. political ideas KEVIN HARRISON IS A LECTURER IN POLITICS AND HISTORY AT MANCHESTER COLLEGE OF ARTS AND TECHNOLOGY. HE IS ALSO AN ASSOCIATE McNAUGHTON LECTURER IN SOCIAL SCIENCES WITH THE OPEN UNIVERSITY. HE HAS WRITTEN ARTICLES ON POLITICS AND HISTORY AND IS JOINT AUTHOR, WITH TONY BOYD, OF THE BRITISH CONSTITUTION: EVOLUTION OR REVOLUTION? and TONY BOYD WAS FORMERLY HEAD OF GENERAL STUDIES AT XAVERIAN VI FORM COLLEGE, MANCHESTER, WHERE HE TAUGHT POLITICS AND HISTORY.
    [Show full text]
  • The Variety of Feminisms and Their Contribution to Gender Equality
    JUDITH LORBER The Variety of Feminisms and their Contribution to Gender Equality Introduction My focus is the continuities and discontinuities in recent feminist ideas and perspectives. I am going to discuss the development of feminist theories as to the sources of gender inequality and its pervasiveness, and the different feminist political solutions and remedies based on these theories. I will be combining ideas from different feminist writers, and usually will not be talking about any specific writers. A list of readings can be found at the end. Each perspective has made important contributions to improving women's status, but each also has limitations. Feminist ideas of the past 35 years changed as the limitations of one set of ideas were critiqued and addressed by what was felt to be a better set of ideas about why women and men were so unequal. It has not been a clear progression by any means, because many of the debates went on at the same time. As a matter of fact, they are still going on. And because all of the feminist perspectives have insight into the problems of gender inequality, and all have come up with good strategies for remedying these problems, all the feminisms are still very much with us. Thus, there are continuities and convergences, as well as sharp debates, among the different feminisms. Any one feminist may incorporate ideas from several perspec- tives, and many feminists have shifted their perspectives over the years. I myself was originally a liberal feminist, then a so- 8 JUDITH LORBER cialist feminist, and now consider myself to be primarily a so- cial construction feminist, with overtones of postmodernism and queer theory.
    [Show full text]
  • Libertarianism, Feminism, and Nonviolent Action: a Synthesis
    LIBERTARIAN PAPERS VOL. 4, NO. 2 (2012) LIBERTARIANISM, FEMINISM, AND NONVIOLENT ACTION: A SYNTHESIS GRANT BABCOCK* I. Introduction MURRAY ROTHBARD’S CONTRIBUTION to libertarian ethics was to outline a theory prohibiting aggressive violence (1978, p. 27-30). The influence of Rothbard’s ethics,1 combined with a decades-long political alliance with conservatives based on anticommunism, has produced a debate within libertarian circles about whether libertarians qua libertarians must take positions against certain forms of repression that do not involve aggressive violence. The non-aggression principle is as good a libertarian litmus test as has been suggested. Often, the voices who levy allegations of non-aggressive (or at least not exclusively aggressive) oppression come from the political left, and have un-libertarian (read: aggressive) solutions in mind, even if they do not conceive of those solutions as violent. Despite these considerations, I do believe that libertarians qua libertarians are obligated to say something about the kind of non-aggressive oppression that these voices from the left have raised regarding issues including, but not limited to, race, class, gender, and sexual orientation. Making the case that libertarians have these obligations irrespective of their * Grant Babcock ([email protected]) is an independent scholar. My thanks to Robert Churchill, Matthew McCaffrey, Ross Kenyon, and two anonymous referees for their help and encouragement. The paper’s merits are largely a result of their influence; any remaining errors are my own. CITATION INFORMATION FOR THIS ARTICLE: Grant Babcock. 2012. “Libertarianism, Feminism, and Nonviolent Action: A Synthesis.” Libertarian Papers. 4 (2): 119-138. ONLINE AT: libertarianpapers.org.
    [Show full text]
  • United Nations Convention Documents in Light of Feminist Theory
    Michigan Journal of Gender & Law Volume 8 Issue 1 2001 United Nations Convention Documents in Light of Feminist Theory R. Christopher Preston Brigham Young University Ronald Z. Ahrens Brigham Young University Follow this and additional works at: https://repository.law.umich.edu/mjgl Part of the International Law Commons, Law and Gender Commons, and the Public Law and Legal Theory Commons Recommended Citation R. C. Preston & Ronald Z. Ahrens, United Nations Convention Documents in Light of Feminist Theory, 8 MICH. J. GENDER & L. 1 (2001). Available at: https://repository.law.umich.edu/mjgl/vol8/iss1/1 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Journals at University of Michigan Law School Scholarship Repository. It has been accepted for inclusion in Michigan Journal of Gender & Law by an authorized editor of University of Michigan Law School Scholarship Repository. For more information, please contact [email protected]. UNITED NATIONS CONVENTION DOCUMENTS IN LIGHT OF FEMINIST THEORY P, Christopher Preston* RenaldZ . hrens-* INTRODUCTION • 2 I. PROMINENT FEMINIST THEORIES AND THEIR IMPLICATIONS FOR INTERNATIONAL LAW • 7 A Liberal/EqualityFeminism 7 B. CulturalFeminism . 8 C. DominanceFeminism • 9 1. Reproductive Capacity • 11 2. Violence . 12 3. Traditional Male Domination of Society • 12 II. WOMEN'S RIGHTS IN INTERNATIONAL DOCUMENTS • 13 A. United Nations Charter • 14 B. UniversalDeclaration of Human Rights • 15 C. The Two InternationalCovenants • 15 1. International Covenant on Economic Social and Cultural Rights • 16 2. International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights • 16 D. Convention on the Elimination ofAll Forms of DiscriminationAgainst Women • 17 E. The NairobiForward Looking Strategies • 18 F.
    [Show full text]
  • Libertarian Feminism: Can This Marriage Be Saved? Roderick Long Charles Johnson 27 December 2004
    Libertarian Feminism: Can This Marriage Be Saved? Roderick Long Charles Johnson 27 December 2004 Let's start with what this essay will do, and what it will not. We are both convinced of, and this essay will take more or less for granted, that the political traditions of libertarianism and feminism are both in the main correct, insightful, and of the first importance in any struggle to build a just, free, and compassionate society. We do not intend to try to justify the import of either tradition on the other's terms, nor prove the correctness or insightfulness of the non- aggression principle, the libertarian critique of state coercion, the reality and pervasiveness of male violence and discrimination against women, or the feminist critique of patriarchy. Those are important conversations to have, but we won't have them here; they are better found in the foundational works that have already been written within the feminist and libertarian traditions. The aim here is not to set down doctrine or refute heresy; it's to get clear on how to reconcile commitments to both libertarianism and feminism—although in reconciling them we may remove some of the reasons that people have had for resisting libertarian or feminist conclusions. Libertarianism and feminism, when they have encountered each other, have most often taken each other for polar opposites. Many 20th century libertarians have dismissed or attacked feminism—when they have addressed it at all—as just another wing of Left-wing statism; many feminists have dismissed or attacked libertarianism—when they have addressed it at all—as either Angry White Male reaction or an extreme faction of the ideology of the liberal capitalist state.
    [Show full text]
  • Feminism & Philosophy Vol.5 No.1
    APA Newsletters Volume 05, Number 1 Fall 2005 NEWSLETTER ON FEMINISM AND PHILOSOPHY FROM THE EDITOR, SALLY J. SCHOLZ NEWS FROM THE COMMITTEE ON THE STATUS OF WOMEN, ROSEMARIE TONG ARTICLES MARILYN FISCHER “Feminism and the Art of Interpretation: Or, Reading the First Wave to Think about the Second and Third Waves” JENNIFER PURVIS “A ‘Time’ for Change: Negotiating the Space of a Third Wave Political Moment” LAURIE CALHOUN “Feminism is a Humanism” LOUISE ANTONY “When is Philosophy Feminist?” ANN FERGUSON “Is Feminist Philosophy Still Philosophy?” OFELIA SCHUTTE “Feminist Ethics and Transnational Injustice: Two Methodological Suggestions” JEFFREY A. GAUTHIER “Feminism and Philosophy: Getting It and Getting It Right” SARA BEARDSWORTH “A French Feminism” © 2005 by The American Philosophical Association ISSN: 1067-9464 BOOK REVIEWS Robin Fiore and Hilde Lindemann Nelson: Recognition, Responsibility, and Rights: Feminist Ethics and Social Theory REVIEWED BY CHRISTINE M. KOGGEL Diana Tietjens Meyers: Being Yourself: Essays on Identity, Action, and Social Life REVIEWED BY CHERYL L. HUGHES Beth Kiyoko Jamieson: Real Choices: Feminism, Freedom, and the Limits of the Law REVIEWED BY ZAHRA MEGHANI Alan Soble: The Philosophy of Sex: Contemporary Readings REVIEWED BY KATHRYN J. NORLOCK Penny Florence: Sexed Universals in Contemporary Art REVIEWED BY TANYA M. LOUGHEAD CONTRIBUTORS ANNOUNCEMENTS APA NEWSLETTER ON Feminism and Philosophy Sally J. Scholz, Editor Fall 2005 Volume 05, Number 1 objective claims, Beardsworth demonstrates Kristeva’s ROM THE DITOR “maternal feminine” as “an experience that binds experience F E to experience” and refuses to be “turned into an abstraction.” Both reconfigure the ground of moral theory by highlighting the cultural bias or particularity encompassed in claims of Feminism, like philosophy, can be done in a variety of different objectivity or universality.
    [Show full text]
  • Mainstream Feminism
    Feminist movements and ideologies This collection of feminist buttons from a women's museum shows some messages from feminist movements. A variety of movements of feminist ideology have developed over the years. They vary in goals, strategies, and affiliations. They often overlap, and some feminists identify themselves with several branches of feminist thought. Groupings Judith Lorber distinguishes between three broad kinds of feminist discourses: gender reform feminisms, gender resistant feminisms, and gender revolution feminisms. In her typology, gender reform feminisms are rooted in the political philosophy of liberalism with its emphasis on individual rights. Gender resistant feminisms focus on specific behaviors and group dynamics through which women are kept in a subordinate position, even in subcultures which claim to support gender equality. Gender revolution feminisms seek to disrupt the social order through deconstructing its concepts and categories and analyzing the cultural reproduction of inequalities.[1] Movements and ideologies Mainstream feminism … "Mainstream feminism" as a general term identifies feminist ideologies and movements which do not fall into either the socialist or radical feminist camps. The mainstream feminist movement traditionally focused on political and legal reform, and has its roots in first- wave feminism and in the historical liberal feminism of the 19th and early- 20th centuries. In 2017, Angela Davis referred to mainstream feminism as "bourgeois feminism".[2] The term is today often used by essayists[3] and cultural analysts[4] in reference to a movement made palatable to a general audience by celebrity supporters like Taylor Swift.[5] Mainstream feminism is often derisively referred to as "white feminism,"[6] a term implying that mainstream feminists don't fight for intersectionality with race, class, and sexuality.
    [Show full text]
  • Modernism and Postmodernism in Feminism: a Conceptual Study on the Developments of Its Defination, Waves and School of Thought
    1 Malaysian Journal of Social Sciences and Humanities (MJSSH), Volume 4, Issue 1, (page 1 - 14), 2019 Malaysian Journal of Social Sciences and Humanities (MJSSH) Volume 4, Issue 1, January 2019 e-ISSN : 2504-8562 Journal home page: www.msocialsciences.com Modernism and Postmodernism in Feminism: A Conceptual Study on the Developments of its Defination, Waves and School of Thought Mohd Hafiz Bin Abdul Karim1, Ariff Aizuddin Azlan2 1Institute of Islamic Thought and Civilization (ISTAC-IIUM) 2Faculty of Administrative Science and Policy Studies, Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM) Correspondence: Mohd Hafiz Bin Abdul Karim ([email protected]) Abstract ______________________________________________________________________________________________________ This study seeks to identify the relations of modernism and postmodernism in feminism by looking deeply on the development of its definitions, waves of feminism and framework in its specific schools of thought; liberal, classical Marxist, socialist and radical feminism. By adapting qualitative descriptive study, this study covers mainly secondary data from English language sources, be it from books, academic articles or any literatures pertaining to this topic, which obtained from various databases. This study argues that modernism and postmodernism is the worldviews that become the essence of feminism. By looking at the variations of how feminism is studied, e.g. definitions, waves and school of thought, this study concluded that there are several points indicating the relations that exist between modernism and postmodernism with feminism. Modernism can be seen in the relational approach of the liberal, classical Marxist and socialist feminism in the first wave, which are more centered on education, politics and economic participation. Meanwhile, the relation of postmodernism to feminism is exampled in the deconstructing approach of the radical feminism that began from the second wave shown in their individualist views on sex, sexuality, motherhood, childbirth, and language institution.
    [Show full text]
  • The Relationship Between Liberal and Feminist Ideology Has Historically Been a Complex One
    The relationship between liberal and feminist ideology has historically been a complex one. This introduction to this special issue of the Journal, by Elizabeth Evans, will consider CAN LIBERAlisM the peaks and troughs of the relationship and assess to what extent the aims and objectives of feminism and liberalism are intertwined or mutually exclusive. EVER BE FEMINisT? While thinkers such as Mary Wollstonecraft and John Stuart Mill have inspired arly feminist ideas on between the party and feminist extending the rights organisations such as the Fawcett generations of Liberal of men to women, set Society. This article will firstly campaigners for the forth by Mary Woll- consider some of the key areas of stonecraft in A Vindica- tension between feminism and equal treatment of Etion of the Rights of Women (1792), liberalism before moving on to men and women, the were adopted and championed by a chronological analysis of the a number of leading Liberals who extent to which Liberalism in party’s position on argued that the refusal to accord practice can claim to be feminist. women the same basic rights of It is important to deconstruct the suffrage issue at equality and liberty was tyran- the terms ‘liberalism’ and ‘femi- the beginning of the nical.1 J. S. Mill’s detailed and nism’ in order to provide a more important work, The Subjection of concise understanding of their twentieth century was Women (1869), provided a critical distinct ideological approaches, often problematic. appraisal of women’s oppression, thereby allowing us to identify applying the principles of justice, shared ground or potential for While modern Liberal liberty and the right to choose to hostility.
    [Show full text]
  • Feminism for the 99 Percent
    - ESTO ;:.iii POLITICS / FEMINISM ",,::: $12.95/ £7.99/ $17.50CAN THIS IS Feminism for AMANIFESTO the 99 Percent FOR THE 99 PERCENT Unaffordable housing, poverty wages, inad­ equate healthcare, border policing, climate change-these are not what you ordinarily hear feminists talking about. But aren't they the biggest issues for the vast majority of women around the globe? Taking as its inspiration the new wave of fem­ inist militancy that has erupted globally, this manifesto makes a simple but powerful case: feminism shouldn't start-or stop-with the drive to have women represented at the top of their professions. It must focus on those at the bottom, and fight for the world they deserve. And that means targeting capitalism. Feminism must be anticapitalist, eco-socialist and anti racist. Feminism for the 99 Percent A Manifesto Cinzia Arruzza Tithi Bhattacharya Nancy Fraser VERSO London • New York For the Combahee River Collective, who envisioned the path early on and for the Polish and Argentine feminist strikers, who are breaking new ground today First published by Verso 2019 © Cinzia Arruzza, Tithi Bhattacharya, Nancy Fraser 2019 All rights reserved The moral rights of the authors have been asserted 1 3 5 79 10 8 642 Verso UK: 6 Meard Street, London W1F OEG US: 20 Jay Street, Suite 10lD, Brooklyn, NY 11201 versobooks.com Verso is the imprint of New Left Books ISBN-13: 978·1-78873-442-4 ISBN-13: 978-1-78873-444-8 (UK EBK) ISBN-13: 978-1-78873-445-5 (US EBK) British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data A catalogue record for this book
    [Show full text]
  • Liberal Feminism Since Alison's Jaggar's Influential Work In
    Liberal Feminism Since Alison’s Jaggar’s influential work in constructing a taxonomy of feminist positions, “liberal feminists” have been taken to support a fundamentally libertarian political agenda based on the assumption that formal equality under the law suffices to eliminate male-female inequality and that additional state-supported programs which serve women’s interests, including affirmative action, the provision of child-care, family leave and the like, are unwarranted. In addition, some feminist philosophers suggest that liberal feminists "valorize" masculinity, are indifferent to the devaluation of female-identified work and that one of our fundamental goals is to establish, by a priori methods if necessary, that there are no gender-based psychological differences. These assumptions are false. In fact, many of us who are liberal feminists to the extent that we believe that women’s interests are best served by working toward a state of affairs where the expectations and opportunities for men and women are the same, do not hold these views. I shall argue that the real fault line between liberal feminists and the majority of feminist philosophers who are unsympathetic to this view marks a divergence in our understanding of the causes of gender inequality and, consequently, disagreement about the priorities of feminist political action. Male-Female Differences I recently discovered, to my surprise, that my work was cited as an example of the anti- feminist backlash, in paper by Keith Burgess-Jackson that appeared in Keith Burgess-Jackson misconstrues my position on two counts. First, he suggests that, ignoring empirical data, I dogmatically assert that there are no innate psychological differences between men and women.
    [Show full text]
  • Remembering Liberal Feminism in Radical Ways: Locating Conservative Strategies in the Narratives of Dr
    University of Denver Digital Commons @ DU Electronic Theses and Dissertations Graduate Studies 1-1-2009 Remembering Liberal Feminism in Radical Ways: Locating Conservative Strategies in the Narratives of Dr. Christina Hoff Sommers, Tammy Bruce, and Dr. Laura Schlessinger Jenni Marie Simon University of Denver Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.du.edu/etd Part of the Communication Commons Recommended Citation Simon, Jenni Marie, "Remembering Liberal Feminism in Radical Ways: Locating Conservative Strategies in the Narratives of Dr. Christina Hoff Sommers, Tammy Bruce, and Dr. Laura Schlessinger" (2009). Electronic Theses and Dissertations. 929. https://digitalcommons.du.edu/etd/929 This Dissertation is brought to you for free and open access by the Graduate Studies at Digital Commons @ DU. It has been accepted for inclusion in Electronic Theses and Dissertations by an authorized administrator of Digital Commons @ DU. For more information, please contact [email protected],[email protected]. REMEMBERING LIBERAL FEMINISM IN RADICAL WAYS: LOCATING CONSERVATIVE STRATEGIES IN THE NARRATIVES OF DR. CHRISTINA HOFF SOMMERS, TAMMY BRUCE, AND DR. LAURA SCHLESSINGER __________ A Dissertation Presented to the Faculty of Social Sciences University of Denver __________ In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree Doctor of Philosophy __________ by Jenni M. Simon November 2009 Advisor: Dr. Christina Foust Author: Jenni M. Simon Title: REMEMBERING LIBERAL FEMINISM IN RADICAL WAYS: LOCATING CONSERVATIVE STRATEGIES IN THE NARRATIVES OF DR. CHRISTINA HOFF SOMMERS, TAMMY BRUCE, AND DR. LAURA SCHLESSINGER Advisor: Dr. Christina R. Foust Degree Date: November, 2009 ABSTRACT This dissertation identifies and challenges post-feminist narratives that remember the second wave or 1960s and 1970s liberal feminism as a radical form of activism.
    [Show full text]