Building a Craps Table
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A Probabilistic Study of Dice Control in Craps
Golden Arm: A Probabilistic Study of Dice Control in Craps Donald R. Smith Robert Scott III Abstract This paper calculates how much control a craps shooter must possess on dice outcomes to eliminate the house advantage. A golden arm is someone who has dice control (or a rhythm roller or dice influencer). There are various strategies for dice control in craps. We discuss several possibilities of dice control that would result in several different mathematical models of control. We do not assert whether dice control is possible or not (there is a lack of published evidence). However, after studying casino-legal methods described by dice-control advocates, we can see only one realistic mathematical model that describes the resulting possible dice control, that in which the four faces on a rotating (horizontal) axis are favored. This is the model that we analyze in this paper. Keywords: craps; dice; dice control; probability Donald R. Smith Associate Professor Department of Management and Decision Sciences Monmouth University [email protected] Robert Scott III Professor Department of Economics, Finance, and Real Estate Monmouth University [email protected] UNLV Gaming Research & Review Journal t Volume 22 Issue 1 29 Wine loved I deeply, dice dearly (William Shakespeare, King Lear, Act 3, Scene 4) Introduction Craps is a unique casino game because the shooter directly affects (i.e., picks up and throws) the gambling instruments (dice). Craps players, more than other casino gamblers, may be the most susceptible to Langer’s (1975) illusion of control where they think they can control the outcome of a random game. -
Mutant Standard PUA Encoding Reference 0.3.1 (October 2018)
Mutant Standard PUA Encoding Reference 0.3.1 (October 2018) Mutant Standard’s PUA codepoints start at block 16 in Plane 10 Codepoint that Codepoint that New codepoint has existed has been given (SPUA-B) - U+1016xx, and will continue into the next blocks (1017xx, This document is licensed under a Creative Commons before this wording changes version this version 1018xx, etc.) if necessary. Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License. Every Mutant Standard PUA encoding automatically assumes full- The data contained this document (ie. encodings, emoji descriptions) however, can be used in whatever way you colour emoji representations, so Visibility Selector 16 (U+FE0F) is like. not appropriate or necessary for any of these. Comments 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 A B C D E F Shared CMs 1 1016 0 Color Modifier Color Modifier Color Modifier Color Modifier Color Modifier Color Modifier Color Modifier Color Modifier Color Modifier Color Modifier Color Modifier Color Modifier Color Modifier Color Modifier Color Modifier Color Modifier R1 (dark red) R2 (red) R3 (light red) D1 (dark red- D2 (red-orange) D3 (light red- O1 (dark O2 (orange) O3 (light Y1 (dark yellow) Y2 (yellow) Y3 (light L1 (dark lime) L2 (lime) L3 (light lime) G1 (dark green) orange) orange) orange) orange) yellow) Shared CMs 2 1016 1 Color Modifier Color Modifier Color Modifier Color Modifier Color Modifier Color Modifier Color Modifier Color Modifier Color Modifier Color Modifier Color Modifier Color Modifier Color Modifier Color Modifier Color Modifier Color Modifier G2 (green) G3 (light green) T1 (dark teal) T2 (teal) -
Of Dice and Men the Role of Dice in Board and Table Games
Homo Ludens 1/(2) (2010) Homo Ludens Of Dice and Men The role of dice in board and table games Jens Jahnke, Britta Stöckmann Kiel, Germany Uniwersytet im. Adama Mickiewicza w Poznaniu When it comes to games, dice belong to the oldest playthings or gambling instruments men have used to pass their time and/or make some money, and it is striking that still today it is hard to imagine the realm of board and table games1 without them. Dominions fell, Caesars were overthrown, however, the die is still rolling – but is it also still ruling? Trying to answer this question, we approach the topic from two angles, analysing !rst the historical and then the current situation. In the !rst part the authors would like to give a quick retrospection into the history of the die to highlight a few outstanding facts about dice and gambling in their sociocultural context. "e second part then will discuss the cur- rent situation on the German board game market from a more technical and functional point of view: how dice are being integrated into board and table games, and how the out- come is being received. To narrow down the !eld we will concentrate on this speci!c range and leave out dice in casino games as well as in RPGs. "e focus on German board games is due to the fact that they constitute one of the biggest board game markets worldwide and therefore provides a lot of material for the analysis, which at the same time does not exclude games from other countries. -
Statistics and Probability Tetra Dice a Game Requires Each Player to Roll
High School – Statistics and Probability Tetra Dice A game requires each player to roll three specially shaped dice. Each die is a regular tetrahedron (four congruent, triangular faces). One face contains the number 1; one face contains the number 2; on another face appears the number 3; the remaining face shows the number 4. After a player rolls, the player records the numbers on the underneath sides of all three dice, and then calculates their sum. You win the game if the sum divides evenly by three. What is the probability of winning this game? Un juego exige que cada jugador lance tres dados con forma especial. Cada dado es un tetraedro regular (cuatro caras triangulares y congruentes). Una cara contiene el número 1; otra cara contiene el número 2; en otra cara aparece el número 3; la cara que sobra muestra el número 4. Después de que un jugador lanza los dados, el jugador registra los números de los lados cara abajo de los tres dados, y luego calcula su suma. Se gana el juego si la suma se divide exactamente por tres. ¿Cuál es la probabilidad de ganar este juego? В этой игре от каждого игрока требуется бросить три игральных кубика особенной формы. Каждый игральный кубик представляет собой правильный тетраэдр (четыре подобные треугольные грани). На однойграни стоит цифра 1; на одной грани стоит цифра 2; ещё на одной грани стоит цифра 3; на последней грани стоит цифра 4. После броска игрок записывает цифры, выпавшие на нижнейграни всех трёх кубиков, и затем вычисляет их сумму. Выигрывает тот игрок, чья сумма делится на три без остатка. -
Origins of Chess Protochess, 400 B.C
Origins of Chess Protochess, 400 B.C. to 400 A.D. by G. Ferlito and A. Sanvito FROM: The Pergamon Chess Monthly September 1990 Volume 55 No. 6 The game of chess, as we know it, emerged in the North West of ancient India around 600 A.D. (1) According to some scholars, the game of chess reached Persia at the time of King Khusrau Nushirwan (531/578 A.D.), though some others suggest a later date around the time of King Khusrau II Parwiz (590/628 A.D.) (2) Reading from the old texts written in Pahlavic, the game was originally known as "chatrang". With the invasion of Persia by the Arabs (634/651 A.D.), the game’s name became "shatranj" because the phonetic sounds of "ch" and "g" do not exist in Arabic language. The game spread towards the Mediterranean coast of Africa with the Islamic wave of military expansion and then crossed over to Europe. However, other alternative routes to some parts of Europe may have been used by other populations who were playing the game. At the moment, this "Indian, Persian, Islamic" theory on the origin of the game is accepted by the majority of scholars, though it is fair to mention here the work of J. Needham and others who suggested that the historical chess of seventh century India was descended from a divinatory game (or ritual) in China. (3) On chess theories, the most exhaustive account founded on deep learning and many years’ studies is the A History of Chess by the English scholar, H.J.R. -
Mississippi Gaming Regulations
MISSISSIPPI GAMING REGULATIONS 2013 Edition Revised format June 2013 Table of Contents Title 13: Gaming .......................................................................................................................................... 16 Part 1: Organization and Administration ................................................................................................... 16 Part 1 Chapter 1: GENERAL PROVISIONS .................................................................................................... 16 Rule 1.1 Appointment Of Committees. ................................................................................................... 16 Rule 1.2 Definitions. ................................................................................................................................ 16 Part 1 Chapter 2: PUBLIC AND CONFIDENTIAL RECORDS .......................................................................... 16 Rule 2.1 Definitions. ................................................................................................................................ 16 Rule 2.2 Confidential Records. ................................................................................................................ 18 Rule 2.3 Sealing Of Documents. .............................................................................................................. 19 Rule 2.4 Access To Public Records. ......................................................................................................... 19 Rule 2.5 Access To -
The Theory of Dice Control
SMARTCRAPS.rtf Smart Craps Page 24 of 163 The Theory of Dice Control This chapter is intended as a brief summary only on dice control and the physical skill of dice setting. If you want to master the physical skill of dice setting, you will want to read and consult with some of the resources in the "Resources »Page 7" section of this documentation. Unlike card counting in blackjack, dice setting is a physical skill, and cannot be mastered through reading and mental practice alone. Dice setters attempt to control the physical throw of the dice in such a way as to influence the outcome of the dice. This skill, when used consciously at different points in the game, generates a non-random distribution of outcomes, which the shooter hopes reverses the casino's edge in the game to the player's favor. To understand the physics of dice control, let's look at an actual craps table: Figure 1: Axes of rotation on a craps table With these labels, we can see that a shooter will be throwing the dice along the X axis toward the end of the table. Generally, a skilled dice setter will hold the dice together, parallel to the Z axis, as shown below: SMARTCRAPS.rtf Smart Craps Page 25 of 163 Figure 2: Throwing the dice parallel to the Z axis of the table A typical controlled shooter is attempting to cause the dice to rotate only around the Z axis. In theory, any spin in the Y or X axis can introduce unexpected bounces and a less controlled outcome. -
State of the States 2020 the AGA Survey of the Commercial Casino Industry a Message from the American Gaming Association
State of the States 2020 The AGA Survey of the Commercial Casino Industry A Message from the American Gaming Association June 2020 Dear Gaming Industry Colleague: gaming. Sports betting was being legalized at an unprecedented pace, with 20 states and the District of I am pleased to present State of the States 2020: Columbia having passed legislation allowing consumers The AGA Survey of the Commercial Casino Industry, to bet on sports with legal, regulated operators. the American Gaming Association’s (AGA) signature research report and the definitive economic analysis The AGA continues its important work as your of U.S. commercial gaming in 2019. advocate. Here in Washington, DC, we continue to cultivate Congressional champions from gaming 2019 marked another record-setting year for the communities and strengthen our voice on Capitol commercial gaming segment. Helped in part by the Hill. In states across the country, we are working with expansion of legal sports betting, the commercial industry leaders and regulators to give operators and casino sector logged its fifth consecutive year of suppliers more flexibility in running their businesses gaming revenue growth in 2019—surging 3.7 percent and evolve regulation to meet the demands of our to $43.6 billion, a new historic high. 21st century hospitality industry. At the end of 2019, Americans never had a higher On a personal note, it has been a privilege to get to opinion of our industry and nearly half said they know many of you during my first year as the AGA’s planned to visit a casino over the next year. -
Tetrahedron Probability Lab Name______
Tetrahedron Probability Lab Name______________________ Follow the directions carefully and answer all questions. 1. You have two regular tetrahedron templates. LABEL the faces of one of the tetrahedrons with the words YELLOW, RED, BLUE, and GREEN. 2. Fold the tetrahedron to form a four-sided die. Tape the sides. Note that there are tabs on the template to help with the taping. 3. Roll this “die” 20 times. Record how many time each color lands face down by placing a tally mark in the correct space in the table below. YELLOW RED BLUE GREEN 4. On the basis of your 20 rolls, does it appear that one color is more likely to land face down? ________ If so, what color?_______________ 5. Based upon your 20 rolls, express the probability (with a denominator of 20) that the GREEN face will land face down?___________ The RED face? __________ The YELLOW face?___________ The BLUE face?____________ What should be the sum of these four fractions?______________ 6. Roll your tetrahedron die another 20 times. Keep a record similar to the record from questions 3. Record your results below. YELLOW RED BLUE GREEN 7. Did you get approximately the same results?__________________________ All Rights Reserved © MathBits.com 8. Now, combine the results of all 40 rolls of the tetrahedron die. Using a fraction whose denominator is 40, write the probability of each color landing face down on any given roll of the die. GREEN_______ RED_______ YELLOW _______ BLUE _______ 9. Was your rolling of this die a good, fair sampling? _____ Why, or why not? 10. -
BAR DICE in the SAN FRANCISCO BAY AREA Alan Dundes Department of Anthropology University of California Berkeley, California and Carl R
BAR DICE IN THE SAN FRANCISCO BAY AREA Alan Dundes Department of Anthropology University of California Berkeley, California and Carl R. Pagter normal price of the drink; if the bartender loses, INTRODUCTION the customer gets a free drink.) Of the more than Games involving the use of dice are among the 20 bar dice games reported here, Boss Dice-with oldest forms of organized human play. Dice games nothing wild-is by far the most common game be- have been widely reported from many different tween customer and bartender. cultural areas. In the United States, dice games are Bars which permit dice games normally have commonly associated with gambling, and in Neva- multiple sets of dice cups and dice, which are pro- da, where there is legalized gambling, one may find vided to partrons upon request. It is not uncom- a variety of such traditional games as craps. Dice mon for such bars to be sought out by devotees are not associated solely with professional gamblers of bar dice games. Even if these bars are not con- inasmuch as they are employed as an integral part sciously sought out, they may well have achieved of numerous children's board games, e.g., Par- the popularity they possess in part because of the cheesi, Monopoly, etc. ambiance of dice play. On the other hand, the One of the most flourishing groups of dice noise of numerous dice cups being banged down on games in contemporary America consists of those the bar does prove annoying to some customers. commonly played at bars. -
Edges (E) Faces (F) Octahedron 6 12 8 Truncated Square Pyramid 8
Math 1310: CLS SOLUTIONS Polyhedra and Euler's Formula Here we study relationships among numbers of vertices, edges, and faces in a polyhedron. We begin with some definitions. First: a simple closed surface is an object, in three dimen- sions, that's hollow, has no holes, and does not cross itself anywhere. (That is: you can get from any point inside the surface to any other point inside the surface without crossing any part of the surface itself.) A polyhedron is a simple closed surface made up of polygonal regions joined together. (Polyhedra is the plural of polyhedron.) The polygonal regions making up a polyhedron are called faces of the polyhedron. The terms vertices and edges, when applied to a polyhedron, refer simply to the vertices and edges of the polygonal regions making up that polyhedron. 1. First, you need to build the polyhedron from the \net" you were given in class. When you're done, COUNT the vertices, edges, and faces of your polyhedron; then enter the name of your polyhedron, as well as the numbers you counted, in the indicated spaces of the first row below. In the next two rows below, enter the requested information for the polyhedra that a couple of your classmates built. (Make sure they're different from the one you built.) Then enter the same information for several of the many-sided dice you have available. (If you don't know the names of the polyhedra represented by these dice, make something up: call them \Fred" and \Taku" and \Lucinda," for example.) Name of Polyhedron Number of Number of Number of vertices (V ) edges (E) faces (F ) Octahedron 6 12 8 Truncated Square Pyramid 8 12 6 Step Pyramid 9 16 9 Pentagonal Pyramid 6 10 6 Cube (die) 8 12 6 Dodecahedron (die) 20 30 12 2. -
The Person Whose Turn It Is to Roll the Dice Is the “Shooter.” the Results of the Shooter’S Rolls Will Determine the Outcome for All Players
CRAPS HOW TO PLAY The person whose turn it is to roll the dice is the “shooter.” The results of the shooter’s rolls will determine the outcome for all players. On the shooter’s first roll, or “come-out,” players wager by placing chips on either the Pass Line or the Don’t Pass Line. If the shooter rolls a 7 or 11 on the first throw, Pass Line bets win. If a 2, 3, or 12 is thrown, Pass Line bets lose. Conversely, if the shooter throws a 2 or 3, Don’t Pass wagers win. If a 7 or 11 is thrown, Don’t Pass bets lose. If a 12 is thrown, it is a “push” and no one wins. If a 4, 5, 6, 8, 9, or 10 is rolled, that number becomes the “point,” and is marked on the betting layout with a puck. If he/she rolls this point again before rolling a 7, bets on the Pass Line win, while Don’t Pass bets lose. Then the shooter starts over with a brand new roll. Let’s start with an explanation of Craps terms and how they apply to the game. COME OUT ROLL - This is either the first roll of the dice with a new shooter, or the first roll of the dice after the shooter has made a point. A point is established on the Come Out Roll if the shooter rolls 4, 5, 6, 8, 9, 10. This point must then be rolled again before a 7. Any Player, including the shooter, may either bet on the Pass Line or the Don’t Pass Line prior to the Come Out Roll.