DOCSLIB.ORG

Ash and Salt Residue Composite Procedures

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text

Load more

FEB-08-86 1q 20 FROM URS CONSULfANfS DEN IL). -->li.1.3:.'.c::lt:lb i 1 , URS CONSULTANTS, INC. URS- WEST ARCS VI, VII & VITI MEMORANDUM TO: All Vertac Personnel FROM: Kathy Weinel ,;J.t(./ DATE: July 14, 1994 SUBJECT: Ash and Salt Residue Composite Procedures The procedures for sampling, compositing and decontamination outlined in this memorandum are to be used m when preparing ash and salt residues for analysis of target inorganic and organic compounds and geotechnical analyses. The procedures outlined in this memo do not effect the implementation of the procedures outlined in Appendix F to the Work Plan. Sampling and Analysis Plan for Ash and Salt as amended May 4, 1992. Sample Selection Table l shows the ash and salt residues that will be composited and sent for analysis·. Each group of residues, listed by URS number, will be composited to form one sample that will be sent for analysis. Sample Cottection After retrieving all of the appropriate jars to be used to form a given composite, pour the contents of several jars into a stainless steel bucket and crush the larger pieces with a geologists hammer until all pieces are smaller than 3/4 • 1 inch in diameter. Pour the contents of the metal pan into the cement mixer and repeat this procedure until all of the sample jars to be used for a given composite have been emptied into the cement mixer. Cover the cement mixer opening with plastic and tape and mix the samples until the mixture appears homogeneous. Weigh one of each type of sample container (1 Liter amber glass and 16 oz. plastic only) to obtain an average tare weight. Fill the appropriate number of sample jars using a stainless steel scoop or spoon. Reweigh the filled sample containers and subtract the tare weight. This is the weight of the sample container contents. The contents of the 16 oz. plastic sample container must be at least 500 grams and the contents of the l Liter amber glass sample container must be at least 200 grams. If the contents of the container does not meet the minimum requirements stated above continue to fill the same type of sample container until the combined weight of the sample ASH&:SAl. T .:0.1E.Vl:Kalhy6 meets or exceeds the minimum requirements. Decontaminate the exterior of the composite sample containers as described below. Place the excess composite material in 5-gallon bucketsOO and label the buckets with URS labels. The excess composite material will be retained as an~ archive sample for future analyses. : 0 Sample Containers Table 2 shows the sample containers that should be filled for each composite. QA/OC Duplicates Samples A6 and S6 are duplicate samples of A4 and S4 respectively. Duplicate samples should be collected after compositing the residues. When forming the composites for samples A4 and S4, remember that extra volume will be needed to fill the jars that will be labeled A6 and S6. Duplicate samples will be submitted to the laboratory blind, in other words they should not be labeled as duplicates. ~1S/MSD Extra volume of samples AS and S5 will be collected and submitted to the laboratory to ensure that the laboratory will have sufficient volume to complete their internal quality control. The extra volumes will be collected for organic and inorganic analyses only and will be labeled the same as the sample. Laboratory QC is designated on the Chain of Custody Form. Decontamination Sample Jars All sample jars containing composite samples will be decontaminated as follows: Wash the outside of the jars (make sure the lid is tight) with deionized water/laboratory­ grade soap solution. Rinse the outside of the jars thoroughly. Dry the outside of the jars with paper towels. ASll&SAl.T.Mf.M:Kauiy6 FEB-08-96 lQ 21 FROM URS CONSULTANTS DEN ID, 3032966 l I 7 Sampling Equipment Sampling equipment need not be decontaminated after each and every sample is composited. ~ After all of the composite samples are made sampling equipment will be decontaminated as ~ described below. If disposable sampling equipment is used, decontamination is not necessary. ~ Larger pieces of equipment such as the cement mixer will be decontaminated using a high 0 pressure washer. All decontamination fluids will be containerized and disposed of with waste l...... from other sampling efforts. · Wash with a deionized water/laboratory-grade soap solution. Rinse thoroughly with deionized water. Dry with paper towels. • If disposable sampling equipment is used, decontamination is not necessary. Sample Labelin~ All samples will be labeled using URS labels and Chain of Custody Forms. Examples of completed Chain of Custody Forms and labels arc shown in Figures 1 and 2. If you have any questions, please call me in the Denver office. Rick Ehrhart/EPA/Region VI T .F. S taible/URS/Denver Nancy Aden-Gleason/URS/San Francisco Jack Danielson/URS/Jacksonville Jim Connell/URS/Jacksonville Lori Raschke/URS/Denver URS ARCS File/URS/Denver ASU&SAL T .ME."-1:Katlay6 FES-08-96 Jq 21 FROM URS CONSUL1~N1~ u~N TABLE 1 Composite URS Sample No. Date of Incineration No. I • Al AOOl - A070 11/90 - 9/91 A2 10001 - 10314 10/92 - 12/92 AJ 10371 - 10462; 10596 - 10808 3/93 - 5/93 A4 11610 - 12210 11/93 - 1/94 AS 12475 - 12800- 3/94 - 4/94 A6 DUPLICATE OF A4•• DUPLICATE OF A4 A7 11000 - 11300 6/93 - 9/93 SI Sl - S80 11/90 - 4/91 S2 9700 - 10000 10/92 - 11/92 S3 13600 - 13900 3/93 - 4/93 S4 19700 - 20300 12/93 S5 23500 - 23825* 3/94 S6 DUPLICATE OF $4•• DUPLICATE OF S4 S7 16000 - 16300 8/93 * Additional sample volume is being submitted for laboratory QC (MS/MSD). •• No numbers arc given for these samples as they are the duplicates. The sample containers are included in the total for the original sample (A4 S4). A.SU &SALT .ME~hKallly6 ~EB-08-96 14 22 FROM, URS CONSULTANTS DEN TABLE 2 URS Composite 1 Liter amber &lass 16 oz. plastic 5-gallon bucket• No. Al 1 1 3-4 A2 l 1 3 - 4 A3 1 1 3 - 4 A4 2 2 6-7 A5 2 2 3-4 A6 •• •• •• A7 1 1 3-4 Sl 1 1 3 - 4 S2 1 1 3-4 S3 l 1 3 - 4 S4 2 2 6-7 S5 2 2 3 - 4 S6 •• •• ** S7 1 1 3 • 4 * This number includes containers fille.d with excess composite material that will be retained as an archive. •• No numbers are given for these samples as they are the duplicates. The sample containers are included in the total for the original samples (A4, S4). AS116SAL T .ME.\1:Kalhy6 cEB-08-96 )4,22 FROM URS CONSULTANTS DEN ID, 3032::::H:ib I l 1 FIGURE 1 JltlND. 'Ill!/. 71 Sample Number 1.0. Locl1ton A.Sll~SALT .MEM:K:11hy6 ,Rs SHIP TO: , .. Slrftl s.Ja.7Q) CHAIN OF CUSTODY RECORD •Cdcnll:>8112112 fj)/ li1t/.JtY77C7/lL -· -·- .. -·- -· . :>JECT NOJNAME:,1//;/; 'iL j /1,-,tfj'/J, 1 f s1rE MAHAGER_7"_g ;)/; _711,,. /5c 1 ) IL VI l l- ~PLERS !Signel';'r)\:/., . ( • . _ • (_ 0 ffi ,( (J I/, L c. ;L l. rr: z .J, w- '-.' --~~'I") ...., l.J ! l I m.! ·' ATION 2Z k:. ·,_, "" ~ ::> 0 ~ i NO DATE llME COMP GRAB STATION LOCATION zu REMARKS v ' '_L_ !lnlli /t,' ft_l / IJt:Cl-0 7t• t_ - ✓ L v .__ - I J f.."• l c.. /))5/r)/51) /,<I~- I I ' - - --'----- I -I -- ,_ ---------- . -1. I ,_ I 1--- ---1 ,_ -------- - ----- -- -- ---------- -~-- --- - -- ---- - - . • tNOUISHED BY: (Signature) DATE: llME; RECEIVED BY: ISignalure) RELINQUISHED BY: (SignallX&) DATE: TIME: RECEIVED BY: (SigAalure) {J-rl,, f,f I / J / I l/..-?.·t~ I ., '7hliv l .INOUISHED BY: ISignalUfe) DATE: TIME: RECEIVED BY; (Sigralure) REllNOUISHED BY: (StgnalOOI) DATE: TIME RECEIVED BY: (Stg,1alu1e) l I .JNOUISHED BY: (Signature) DATE: TIME: RECEIVED FOR LABORATORY BY: DATE: TIME REMARKS: . l (Signalure) I AIR91U NUMBER: 00445:1 lihite • Onv-w lo Accompa,,y Samples Yeftow • URS Main Office "°" ·URS Finl Office DN 00 t 439 .
Recommended publications
  • Instruction for Opening Sealed Spools

    Instruction for Opening Sealed Spools

    Instructions for Removing CFW-101 Spools from Anti-Static Packaging CFWS-008.5 Revision Original 07/03/2018 Please Note: CFW visually inspects each spool after it is sealed in its packaging prior to shipping. CFW is not responsible for damage due to mishandling after the material leaves the CFW Facility. Spool Receiving Inspection: 1. As soon as possible upon receipt and before removing the packaging, examine the wire through the clear container to see if any spooling problems occurred during shipping (e.g. damage, loose strands, multiple ends, wire shifting, etc.). If damage is observed, do not remove spool from packaging or break the tamper-resistant seals – contact the CFW Sales Representative for a Return Material Authorization number (RMA). Once the package has been opened and the tamper-resistant tags are removed, CFW can no longer control the quality of the product and cannot guarantee a credit or replacement. 2. Per the T&Cs (http://www.calfinewire.com/faqs-return-policy.html), ensure that any shortages are reported within five (5) days and any other non-conformances are reported within thirty (30) days of arrival – otherwise material shall be deemed conforming. Standard Labeling for Each Spool: 1. Each spool of material will have a PSI sticker attached with these physical properties displayed: RES (Resistance as required), UTS (Ultimate Tensile Strength), YTS (Yield Tensile Strength), GBL (Grams Breaking Load), ELONG% (Elongation), HEAT (CFW Heat Number), and Barcode Number. 2. Each spool will have a CFW “donut label” attached affixed to it with the following information displayed: Size, Date, Inspection #s, CFW Heat Number, Resistance, MO#, Tare Weight, Net Quantity, Material Description, Customer Part number (when required), and Purchase Order Number.
  • Ethernet Scale / Printer Operator Manual

    Ethernet Scale / Printer Operator Manual

    8442 Ethernet Scale / Printer Operator Manual 170285 6/04 ©Mettler-Toledo, Inc. 2004 No part of this manual may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying and recording, for any purpose without the express written permission of Mettler-Toledo, Inc. U.S. Government Restricted Rights: This documentation is furnished with Restricted Rights. INTRODUCTION Your new 8442 unit is among the finest precision digital computing scales available. It is simple to use and requires minimum maintenance. These scales come from proud tradition that has made METTLER TOLEDO the worldwide symbol of the highest quality in precision weighing equipment. Please read these instructions carefully. You will find operating the unit is very simple. In the unlikely event you should experience difficulties, contact your authorized METTLER TOLEDO SERVICE OFFICE listed in the yellow pages of your telephone directory. Properly used and maintained, your new scale will provide years of accurate weighing with will protect your profits and your customers. Please handle your scale as you would any fine electronic equipment. Information regarding METTLER TOLEDO Technical Training may be obtained by writing to: METTLER TOLEDO 1900 Polaris Parkway Columbus, Ohio 43240 (614) 438-4511 FCC Notice This device complies with Part 15 of the FCC Rules and the Radio Interference Requirements of the Canadian Department of Communications. Operation is subject to the following conditions: (1) this device may not cause harmful interference, and (2) this device must accept any interference received, including interference that may cause undesired operation. This equipment has been tested and found to comply with the limits for a Class A digital device, pursuant to Part 15 of FCC Rules.
  • Laboratory Supplies and Equipment

    Laboratory Supplies and Equipment

    Laboratory Supplies and Equipment Beakers: 9 - 12 • Beakers with Handles • Printed Square Ratio Beakers • Griffin Style Molded Beakers • Tapered PP, PMP & PTFE Beakers • Heatable PTFE Beakers Bottles: 17 - 32 • Plastic Laboratory Bottles • Rectangular & Square Bottles Heatable PTFE Beakers Page 12 • Tamper Evident Plastic Bottles • Concertina Collapsible Bottle • Plastic Dispensing Bottles NEW Straight-Side Containers • Plastic Wash Bottles PETE with White PP Closures • PTFE Bottle Pourers Page 39 Containers: 38 - 42 • Screw Cap Plastic Jars & Containers • Snap Cap Plastic Jars & Containers • Hinged Lid Plastic Containers • Dispensing Plastic Containers • Graduated Plastic Containers • Disposable Plastic Containers Cylinders: 45 - 48 • Clear Plastic Cylinder, PMP • Translucent Plastic Cylinder, PP • Short Form Plastic Cylinder, PP • Four Liter Plastic Cylinder, PP NEW Polycarbonate Graduated Bottles with PP Closures Page 21 • Certified Plastic Cylinder, PMP • Hydrometer Jar, PP • Conical Shape Plastic Cylinder, PP Disposal Boxes: 54 - 55 • Bio-bin Waste Disposal Containers • Glass Disposal Boxes • Burn-upTM Bins • Plastic Recycling Boxes • Non-Hazardous Disposal Boxes Printed Cylinders Page 47 Drying Racks: 55 - 56 • Kartell Plastic Drying Rack, High Impact PS • Dynalon Mega-Peg Plastic Drying Rack • Azlon Epoxy Coated Drying Rack • Plastic Draining Baskets • Custom Size Drying Racks Available Burn-upTM Bins Page 54 Dynalon® Labware Table of Contents and Introduction ® Dynalon Labware, a leading wholesaler of plastic lab supplies throughout
  • Instruction Manual for Globe Label Printing Scale Model GSP30B Www

    Instruction Manual for Globe Label Printing Scale Model GSP30B Www

    Model #: Serial #: Model GSP30B Instruction Manual for Globe Label Printing Scale Model GSP30B For Service on Your Scale, call Globe Technical Support at 1-866-260-0522. For additional GSP30B documentation visit www.gsp30b.gfesupport.com - IMPORTANT SAFETY NOTICE - This manual contains important safety instructions which must be strictly followed when using this equipment. Visit our website for information on additional products available from Globe. www.globefoodequip.com Slicers, Mixers, Countertop Cooking Equipment, Meat Choppers & Scales WARRANTY REGISTRATION SCAN THE QR CODE WITH YOUR MOBILE DEVICE OR GO TO WWW.GLOBEFOODEQUIP.COM TO FILL OUT AND SUBMIT YOUR WARRANTY REGISTRATION. WWW.GLOBEFOODEQUIP.COM/SUPPORT/WARRANTY-REGISTRATION-FORM Index IMPORTANT NOTICE ............................................................................................................................................. 3 SAFETY TIPS .......................................................................................................................................................... 3 INSTALLATION ....................................................................................................................................................... 4 KEY SCALE COMPONENTS .................................................................................................................................. 4 LOADING/UNLOADING LABELS ........................................................................................................................ 5-6 INITIAL
  • Turkey and Turkey Products

    Turkey and Turkey Products

    Commodity Specification TURKEY AND TURKEY PRODUCTS APRIL 2013 Table of Contents I. GENERAL ................................................................................................................................................................1 A. Product Description .............................................................................................................................................1 B. Food Defense Requirements ................................................................................................................................1 C. Commodity Complaints........................................................................................................................................2 D. Humane Handling ....................................................................................................................................................2 II. COMMODITY SPECIFICATIONS........................................................................................................................2 A. Basic Requirements..............................................................................................................................................2 1. Date Processed ..................................................................................................................................................2 2. Origin of Turkeys ..............................................................................................................................................2 3. Inspection
  • Addendum Sheet Laws and Regulations (L&R) Committee Interim Report

    Addendum Sheet Laws and Regulations (L&R) Committee Interim Report

    L&R 2018 Interim Meeting Report Addendum Sheet Addendum Sheet Laws and Regulations (L&R) Committee Interim Report Mr. Ethan Bogren, Committee Chair Westchester County, New York INTRODUCTION The L&R Committee (hereinafter referred to as the “committee”) submits its Committee Interim Report for consideration by National Conference on Weights and Measures (NCWM). This addendum sheet contains the report items published in NCWM Publication 16, Committee Reports for the 103rd Annual Meeting. The addendum sheet will address the following items during the Annual Meeting. Items are grouped according to item status: (VC) Voting Consent Calendar: the committee has grouped these items for a single vote; (V) Voting Item: the committee is making recommendations requiring a vote by the active members of NCWM; (I) Informational Item: the item is under consideration by the committee but not proposed for Voting; (A) Assigned Item: the committee has assigned development of the item to a recognized subcommittee or task group within NCWM; (D) Developing Item: the committee determined the item has merit; however, the item was returned to the submitter or other designated party for further development before any action can be taken at the national level; (W) Withdrawn Item: the item has been removed from consideration by the committee. Addendum L&R - 1 L&R 2018 Interim Meeting Report Addendum Sheet Consent Calendar Item(s) Reference Key Title of Item Addendum L&R Page INTRODUCTION ....................................................................................................................................... 1 ITEM BLOCK 1 (B1) PESTICIDE LABELING .................................................................................. 4 B1: PAL-1 VC Sections 6.12. Supplementary Quantity Declarations, 6.14. Qualification of Declaration Prohibited, and 12. Variations to be Allowed.
  • As Amended by the Joint Cotton Industry Bale Packaging Committee

    As Amended by the Joint Cotton Industry Bale Packaging Committee

    As amended by the Joint Cotton Industry Bale Packaging Committee (JCIBPC) on February 26, 2020 then reviewed and approved by the JCIBPC Specifications Review Subcommittee on April 2, 2020. Date of USDA approval: April 9, 2020 2020 SPECIFICATIONS FOR COTTON BALE PACKAGING MATERIALS JOINT COTTON INDUSTRY BALE PACKAGING COMMITTEE Preface Meeting Summary These specifications for cotton bale packaging materials are The JCIBPC met February 26, 2020 in Memphis, TN to develop approved by the Joint Cotton Industry Bale Packaging the 2020 Specification recommendations. The specifications Committee (JCIBPC) i for the 2020-2021 crop year. These then underwent an additional examination by the JCIBPC specifications are designed (1) as guidelines for Specification’s Review Committee on April 2, 2020. The revised manufacturing and use (2) to improve the quality and specifications are identical to the specifications for the previous protection of the cotton bale and (3) to improve the year’s crop except for the following revisions: appearance and marketability of U.S. cotton bales in domestic Removed all references to Cold Rolled High Tensile Steel and foreign markets. Improper or careless handling, storage Strapping and transportation may result in damage to packaging materials. Updated NAFTA references to USMCA All bales of cotton packaged and identified in accordance with Added light blue as an approved color for woven the testing programs of the JCIBPC are exempt from these polypropylene provisions. JCIBPC actions regarding other 2020 test program requests The mission of the JCIBPC is to “Preserve the quality of U.S. are documented in the Test Program Review page that follows.
  • Episode 38 Basics of Sustainable Living Guide

    Episode 38 Basics of Sustainable Living Guide

    EPISODE 38 BASICS OF SUSTAINABLE LIVING GUIDE This is by no means a comprehensive list, but a starting point! Feel free to reach out with any questions or to let me know what you are integrating into your life. I would love to connect and see how you're living more sustainably and support you in that journey. And do share what you are trying out from this episode! I would love to know. Keys to success: 1. Stop + think (is there a more efficient or less wasteful way to do this? Do I actually need this? Is there a package-free/waste-free alternative?) 2. Always be prepared (have your zero waste items on hand! bring your lunch, etc.) Prioritize: 1. Refuse (say no to plastic bags, things you don’t actually need) 2. Reduce (your trash, your recycling, your consumption) 3. Reuse (or repurpose) 4. Recycle (should be your last resort. recycling is not a very eco-friendly option, sadly) Your toolkit (+ my go-to brands): 1. Water bottle— hydroflask, s’well 2. Reusable cutlery— To-Go Ware 3. Reusable straw 4. Coffee cup— Stojo (collapsible), Miir, keep cup, hydroflask (with flip top) or make your own from a jar. It’s useful to know the capacity if you are using it at a coffee shop! 5. Tote bag 6. Reusable produce bags— ecobags 7. Reusable Sandwich bags— Stasher bags (I use these for everything— leftovers, shopping in bulk, traveling with liquids, snacks, etc.) 8. Jars— mason jars, or you can uses glass jars from pasta sauce, peanut butter, etc.! Zero Market is a zero waste store that sells tons of supplies for everything you might need.
  • Changes in Bale Moisture, Thickness, and Force Due to Changing Environments and Bagging W

    Changes in Bale Moisture, Thickness, and Force Due to Changing Environments and Bagging W

    The Journal of Cotton Science 9:72–80 (2005) 72 http://journal.cotton.org, © The Cotton Foundation 2005 ENGINEERING AND GINNING Changes in Bale Moisture, Thickness, and Force Due to Changing Environments and Bagging W. Stanley Anthony ABSTRACT produced in the United States. The change within the cotton industry to trading based on net weight In a three-phase study, changes in moisture opened the door to numerous advancements in content, bale thickness, and bale tie forces in cot- lightweight bale bagging and ties. For marketing ton bales were strongly influenced by bale density, based on gross weight, heavy packaging materials storage climate, and permeability of the protective offered considerable economic advantage, so covering on the bales. In Phase I, eight bales of prior to 1968, most bales were covered in jute and cotton were packaged at universal density and restrained by flat steel bands with a tare weight of stored without bagging at ambient conditions for 9.5 kg (21 lb). Currently, most bales are packaged 81 d. Bale thickness and tie force were measured in woven polypropylene or polyethylene film and periodically, and the bale weights were taken be- restrained with wire ties. These bales have a tare fore and after the storage period. The same eight weight of less than 2.3 kg (5 lb). As bale storage bales were then randomly placed in four different and handling practices change and new technologies types of bagging and stored at 26.7 °C (80 °F) and emerge, new types of bagging and ties have been 80% relative humidity (RH) for 100 d (Phase II).
  • NH Grocers Guide to Weights and Measures

    NH Grocers Guide to Weights and Measures

    New Hampshire Grocers Guide to Weights & Measures Issue Date: August 2016 First Edition NH Division of Weights and Measures Introduction The primary purpose of this guide is to promote communication and cooperation between the New Hampshire Division of Weights and Measures (“Division”) and the businesses that we regulate. The ultimate goal is to improve the compliance rate for device certification and licensure, packaging and labeling and correct weighing procedures. The Division relies heavily on education and cooperation from businesses— working closely with various organizations including, but not limited to: the NH Grocers Association, the UNH Cooperative Extension Service, and the NH Division of Weights and Measures Advisory Board in educating their members on the problems and issues encountered by the Division. Consumers have the right to expect correct packages that have accurate net content information. Likewise, retailers have the right to expect that competitors are following the same rules. Consistent, uniform application of the laws and rules ensures fairness between the buyer and seller, and between competing businesses filling the same market niche. This guide provides basic information that will help businesses meet standard requirements for licensure and certification of devices, packaging and labeling, as well as correct weighing procedures and other related weights and measures requirements. It is not intended as a complete representation of the Division’s laws and rules. The Division aims to work with businesses by providing education and guidance to help ensure compliance with state laws and rules. This publication is provided by the New Hampshire Division of Weights & Measures. It was modeled after the Minnesota Division of Weights & Measures’ Grocers Guide.
  • Gross Weight Versus Net Weight

    Gross Weight Versus Net Weight

    New Hampshire Division of Weights and Measures Gross Weight v. Net Weight: Taking Accurate Deductions for Tare “Tare” refers to packaging materials such as bags, trays, and plastic containers. Customers are not expected to pay for tare weights as part of the price per pound. Tare weights shall be deducted in grocery operations or similar establishments. The weight of the tare materials must be subtracted from the gross weight of the packaged product in order to determine the correct net weight and the correct price for the item. Tare weights are commonly determined by personnel in the meat and produce departments, deli counter, and at the check-out register. The responsibility to accurately deduct tare weights from packages that are weighed at the store lies exclusively with the retailer. See NH RSA 438:25 “Sale by Net Weight.” Examples For example, if a customer orders one pound of scallops at the seafood department and the plastic container weighs 0.04 lb, the 0.04 lb tare weight must be deducted from the gross weight. Therefore, if one pound of scallops costs $11.99/lb, the 0.04 lb tare weight (which would calculate to a .48 cent overcharge based on the price per pound) shall be deducted from the total sale. Similarly, when a customer orders lobsters, the paper bag which could weigh as much as 2 ounces must also be deducted from the purchase prior to weighing the lobsters. Important Things to Remember About Tare • Periodically check the tare values stored in the scale. • Correct any errors immediately. • Correct mislabeled tare values.
  • Chapter 3 Truck Fleet and Operations

    Chapter 3 Truck Fleet and Operations

    CHAPTER 3 TRUCK FLEET AND OPERATIONS INTRODUCTION The Nation's truck fleet characteristics and operations are highly varied as trucking evolves within a dynamic environment that includes multi jurisdictional TS&W regulations, safety regulations, freight characteristics, shipper and customer needs, economic forces, international trade, and truck and trailer manufacturer innovation. The truck fleet and use are described in the following sections: (1) trucking industry structure, (2) equipment characteristics, (3) relationship between TS&W policy and truck characteristics, and (4) trucking operations (truck flows, commodity case studies, cross-border trucking, and container use). TRUCKING INDUSTRY STRUCTURE As trucking serves many different markets, it has become highly segmented in order to respond efficiently to these markets. Broadly, the industry may be divided into either private or for-hire carriers. In the for-hire sector, two types of services are provided: truckload (TL) and less-than-truckload (LTL). Additionally, TL and LTL services can be segmented into either short haul or long haul. PRIVATE VERSUS FOR-HIRE CARRIERS Many private businesses have internalized all aspects of their logistics including owning and operating their own truck fleet. Common examples of private carriers include grocery stores, retail chains, and food processing companies. Information on the operations of private carriers is limited, partially because these carriers traditionally have been less subject to government reporting requirements. Table III-1 indicates that private carrier operations constitute a large share of trucking in the Nation. III-1 Table III-1 Private Carrier Profile - 1993 TONNAGE AND VALUE OF SHIPMENTS • Private carriers handled approximately 3.56 billion tons of the total 6.5 billion tons (55 percent) handled by the trucking industry.