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Journal of the East Afri Ca Natural History Society and National Museum

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Journal of the East Afri Ca Natural History Society and National Museum JOURNAL OF THE EAST AFRI CA NATURAL HISTORY SOCIETY AND NATIONAL MUSEUM 15 June, 1977 Vol. 32 No. 164 FURTHER NOTES ON COWRIES OF THE COASTS OF KENYA AND TANZANIA By J. F. Osborne P.O. Box 30148, Nairobi* INTRODUCTION Thirty-nine species of Cypraea were listed by Schilder and Schilder (1938-39) as being present on East African coasts. Verdcourt (1954, 1955, 1959, 1960) recorded detailed information on the occurrence of 50 species. Additional information for the Dar es Salaam area has been given for 37 species by Spry (1961) and for 41 species by Woltz & Belcher (undated), whilst Liversidge (1963 b) has noted 33 species from Diani Beach, Kenya. A later check list covering 49 species was presented by Robson (1966) .. Burgess (1970) in his book 'The living cowries' indicates 50 species as having an East African distribution. In Table I, 52 species of Cypraea are listed summarizing this previous information, the two extra species being those regarded as authentic by Verdcourt-G. errones (1959) and C. miliaris (1960). On the other hand C. bistrinotata and C. contaminata were not noted by Verd• court. Burgess now doubts that C. bistrinotata occurs on the East African coasts (pers. comm.). He records (1970) identifying a specimen ofC. contaminata collected by Mr. Fainzilber in Zanzibar . Three species mentioned by Verdcourt still have to be confirmed for East Africa: C. edentula Gray 1825 (1959); C. grayana Schilder 1930 (1959); C. pantherina Lightfoot 1786 (1955). C. grayana was listed by Schilder & Schilder (1938-39) as present on the Indian Ocean coast of Somalia and in the Seychelles, but Burgess (pers. comm.) has no unquestionable locality data for this species (or C. pantherina) south of the Horn of Africa. C. becldi Gaskoin 1836 was noted by Woltz & Belcher (undated) as having been found in East Africa but I have been unable to trace this record. Two other species should be sought as I purchased them from a trader at Diani beach: C. boivinii Kiener 1843, which I cannot assign to C. gangranosa, and C. ocellata Linne 1758, which was sold to me as C. marginalis but is quite clearly the wrong colour for this species, C. ocellata was listed by Schilder & Schilder (1938-39) as present in Mauritius and the Gulf or Aden. This note provides further information on sources in Kenya and Tanzania from observations by the author and others, with particular reference to beaches near Tanga and Mombasa, together with some comments on specific identities. The order of presentation is alphabetical by species in view of contentions that the previous divisions into many genera are not valid. Kay (1957, 1960, 1961) considers there are only two groups based on the anatomy of the living animals. whilst Verdcourt (1956) notes that C. tigris and C. pantherina, which he says can hybridize, have been placed in separate genera. Nevertheless the previous genera do bring together species with similar shell characteristics and have been noted in Table 1. Data on maximum and minimum sizes of specimens collected by the author and his family are given in Table II together with sizes of specimens in the collection at the National Museum, Nairobi; for convenience this table also includes information on sizes from other papers in the literature. From Table II it will be noted that specimens of the following species from locations on the East African coasts are required to complete the collection in the National Museum, Nairobi: cicercula, contaminata, errones, gangranosa, gracilis, hirundo, mappa, marginalis, microdon, poraria, turdus and ziczac. ·Present address: 16 Orchard Close, Eaton Ford, Huntingdon, Cambs, PE 193 AW, England. 20,22(10),23.22(43)20, 21,21, 22(12),22(11),23. MonetariaPustulariaMauritiaCribrariaPalmadustaMauritiaCribrariaPalmadustaPustulariaErronea dracaenamagnificatitanelongatacamelorumSchildersPalmadustaPerryBornCoenRochebrune18II177819621949 1884 3(78),I, 13(27),14(28).14(36), 17,20,21. It..» "tl 6.5·I. ErosariaCypraeaErroneaTalpariaPalmadustaErosaria felinacauricaargusdiluculumerronesarabicaaselluscaputserpentiscarneolacicerculaclandestinadepressaerosacribrariacontaminatachinensisArestoridesOflatipsaJousseaumeIredaleErroneaErosariaSchildersOrnamentanaEfJenariaPalmadustaArabica(Allan,MeliceronaPondaPustulariaCribrariaJousseaumeLinneGmelinI,RacepasserinaReferences4immanis3(94),15.sowerbyiLinnefliolaceacommacontrastriatalienardiI,LinneLinneRobson)GrayLinne19303(146),LinneGmelin14(74),Reeve1939Linne17s8Sowerby175818841758Linne1758Perry175818241791JousseaumeRous1758SchildersAnton175817S8Melvill14(74),184517,20,22.179117s8Perry1811175819O51832183917,22(7).Species18881939181118841,3(35),3(172),20.3(132).I,1,3(49),1,2,3(39),II,3(101),13(5),10,II,10,13(7),24:.II,16(72A),22(44)13(37),II,12, 13(32),16(64),16(60A),20,17,21,17, 20,21,17,20,21,22(4).14(150),21,22(13).22(5),21,22(1),22(3).22(2).23.23.16(61), 17,21,22(6),23.17,18,20,21,22(8). ':"' 8.7·18. LinneTroschel18631758 16. " I,I,1,3(34),3(87),3(131),3(124),3(27),3(94),II,10,10,II,10,13(3),II,II,13(44),II,13(2),:>I14(84),16(69),13(12),13(18),13(49),20,14(115),21,14(162),14(II3),14(142),I,1,3(146),10,I,22(9).2,3(103),3(78),16(70),3(175),3(80),17,20,21,3(35),16(68),16(66),16(63),10,II,17,10,II,II,II,13(33),II,13(4),II,13(17),13(20),13(39),13(28),16,14(90),16(67)17,20,14(28),14(92),14(25),16(72),20,21.16(73),16(74),20,21,17,16(65),21,17.23.17, 13·10.IS.12.II.14-17.9·3·4· JousseaumeIredaleTroschel193018631884 2.IredaleJousseaumeTroschel1930 18841863 "" erdcourt)Troschel 1863 c! Swainson 1840 bistrinotataRaflitrona Schilders 1937annulus~ Linne 1758 List of Cypraea SPP. mentioned in fJanowTablePublications.I especially those about East African coasts dispersaflirginalisdistansrimilisOldGmelinSchildersSchildersSchildersgeneric17911938names19391939 ~ ~childers, Spry. I~ 21,22(23)· ' ErosariaPalmadwtaMauritiaErroneaMauritisBlasicuramoneta LinnefranciscadurbanensispseudocellatainterstinctaalgamoJilambicana1758Perry20,Schilders1811Wood21,SchildersSchi1dersSchilders~(28),182819381938,~23.19381938 I,13(23),3(173),14(29),13(26),17,14(39).20. PwtulariaCypraeaErosariaLuriaBlasicuraMauritiaPalmadwtaStaphylaea_._.,_ .... limacinanebritesNucleariaBasilitronaEvenariaArabicaErosariaAdwtaMauritiaRavitronaPaulonariaPau/onariaPwtuIariaErosariaReferencesRaceadustaMo.lletaria,Me1villLamarckLamarck188818101880"l 22(24). , Table I Continued, " 29· ::' '»' Staphylaea ~ ,,JytJXjimbriatakieneriglobulwgangranosag,-acilisl(ll1larckii~odonporariamatginalishelvolamauritianamaPpaLinneisabellaonyxnucleusmiliarishistriohirundooweniiPurperosaLyncinaLeporicypraeaIredaleIreda1e"LinneLinneHidalgofJastaGmdinSowerbymadagascariensisI(=metavonainocellataI,argeUachrysalis1,3(58),brefJirostrisMtata10,runuiiLinneI,GaskoinLinneGmelinl791Linne1930GraYI!U8GmdinGray3(54),8,3(59),3(62),3(120),3(133),3(68),3(29),14(105),DillWyn13(22),13(47),LinneDillwyn17581758Schilders1758GillMdvill1758Dunker17581758179119061825Kiener10,IJ,193710,184810,II,Gray13(10),179110,175822(25)14(13),Schilders9,185817.182713(40),13(41),181713(29),II,13(1),Iredale.1935),10jII,1888I~193818251852Gme1in18438!:Species0•.,13(30,I14(146),13(45),17,1,.13(42),17,20,18,20,14(65),14(20),1938"20,189114(24),21.14(4),16(82A),21.21.16(86),17,14(98),'I,3(173),I,1,3(140),I,I(3(120),I,3(79),'3(128),3(72),21,=urse1lus),3(106),2,3(58),16(76),3(127),17,3(119),3(6),3(117),3(74),17,22.20,17.16(83),10,10,II,II,10,II,20,21,17,10,II,II,n,.10,II.1310,16(75),13(21),14(33),13(43).13(46),3(139),II,II,16(81),13(36),II).14(31),17;13(25),,14(38),_16(84),II,13(50),13(34).22(14).21,22(30).21,22(29)·17,14(15),13(8),10,22(21),14(154),20,,','II,14(131),14(151),20,2:1:'.21,14(157),,,'13(15),14(103),16(80),16(85),23.22(18),16(83),17,16(n),16(78),16(82),23.20,17,20, 27· Iredale 1930 28.20.26.21.22. D--- 16(79), 17,20,21, 22(19), 23. Ireda1e 1930 I, 3(66), 10, II, 13(31), 17, 20, 21, 22. ;:. 30•19· Jousseaume 1884 .36.23·31•35.25·33·37·39·24·34·41•32.40· Erosari"MonetariaIreda1eJousseaume19301884 38.TroschelJousseaume18631884 " Jousseaume... 20, 21, " 22(26).1884 21,22(31).22(15).20,17,21,22(20).20,21, 21,22(16),22(17),22(27)23...23. 17, 20, 21, 22?22),23. Palmadwta •• ~ Old generic names ,icterinageographica.LamarckSchilders18101933 I( =ursellus), 3(142),~ 13(16), 16(87), 17, 20, Ii' i~ l'" ~ References Race PalmadustaErosariaBlasicuraMauritiaCribraria jluctuansindicasubfasciatalaefJigatazanzibaricaGmelinIredaleDautzenbergLinkSullioti179118071936I9II1932 CypraeaCa/listocrypraeaPalmadustaStaphylaeaTalpariaContinued terestalpastaphylaeapunctatatigrisscurraturdusstolidatestudinariafJitellusziczacChelycypraeaCypraeaMystapondaEfJenariaStaphylaeaSchilderArabicaTalpariaBistolidaErosariaPalmadustaTa/ostolidaGme1inLinneGmelinLinneLamarckingensmisellaimperialisdiaUjfesdamaI,14(35),20.13(48),22(36).LinneLinne3(92),3(45),13(19).3(144),2,3(121),19303(98),LinneLinne1758Perry3(36),17911758Schilders1758Perry1758Me1vill21,14(12),1791175810,1810Schilders10,175810,22.175818III4(IIO),II,I8I1II,17,20,21.II,1888II,193813(52),13(6),Species':"':osIIIe13(13),13(14),13(51),193817,14(89),14(143),18,14(158),14(108),14(137),20,I,3(45),I,1,3(107),I, 3(126),17,3(41),21,16(91),3(1II),3(112),20,II.22(38).16(90),18(91),16(93),Table10,10,21,17.10,II,II,III,13(24),13(35),16(89),22(34).13(38),13(9),17, 14(35),20,I6(88A),16(88),14(155),'21,21, 22(39).22(41),22(5).17,18,17,20,21,20,20,16(94),23.21.21. 47·46. Iredale 1930 45·49·43·50.51.44·48•52. Schilder" 1927 IredaleCossman19301920 "" 20, 21, 22(37), 23. a/fJeolus Tapparone 1882 22(42)·22(33)·22(32).17, 21, 22(40), 23. § 42· Old generic names The numbers in brackets after reference numbers indicate
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