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Plistoricetl IRevie^w The State Historical Society of Missouri COLUMBIA, MISSOURI COVER DESCRIPTION: Joseph Orr's Old Missouri Barn, a 21-inch x 17-inch oil, is one of the paintings on display in the Society's Contemporary Artists Ex hibition. Orr, who now lives with his wife in Eldon, Missouri, has been a full-time artist since 1972. He has exhibited his works in several small shows in Colorado, New Jersey and New York, and in one- man shows in Chicago galleries and in Roseville and Stillwater, Minnesota. Orr's paintings primarily depict country life and rural scenes of the Midwest. He also is interested in wildlife and waterfowls. In addition to the contemporary artwork now on displav in the Corridor Gallery, the Society is exhibiting selected works of George Caleb Bing ham and Thomas Hart Benton in the Art Gallery. The Society's art exhibitions and libraries are open to the public, 8:00 A.M.-4:30 P.M., Monday through Friday, excepting holidays. MISSOURI HISTORICAL REVIEW Published Quarterly by THE STATE HISTORICAL SOCIETY OF MISSOURI COLUMBIA, MISSOURI RICHARD S. BROWNLEE EDITOR MARY K. DAINS ASSOCIATE EDITOR JAMES W. GOODRICH ASSOCIATE EDITOR The MISSOURI HISTORICAL REVIEW is owned by the State Historical Society of Missouri and is published quarterly at 201 South Eighth Street, Columbia, Missouri 65201. Send communi cations, business and editorial correspondence and change of address to The State Historical Society of Missouri, Corner of Hitt and Lowry Streets, Columbia, Missouri 65201. Second class postage is paid at Columbia, Missouri. The REVIEW is sent free to all members of The State Historical VOLUME LXX Society of Missouri. Membership dues in the Society are $2.00 a year or $40 for an individual life membership. The Society assumes NUMBER 2 no responsibility for statements made by contributors to the magazine. JANUARY 1976 THE STATE HISTORICAL SOCIETY OF MISSOURI The State Historical Society of Missouri, heretofore organized under the laws of the State, shall be the trustee of this State—Laws of Missouri, 1899, R. S. of Mo., 1969, Chapter 183, as revised 1973. OFFICERS 1974-1977 ELMER ELLIS, Columbia, President L. E. MEADOR, Springfield, First Vice President RUSSELL V. DYE, Liberty, Second Vice President JACK STAPLETON, SR., Stanberry, Third Vice President MRS. AVIS TUCKER, Warrensburg, Fourth Vice President REV. JOHN F. BANNON, S.J., St. Louis, Fifth Vice President SHERIDAN A. LOGAN, St. Joseph, Sixth Vice President ALBERT M. PRICE* Columbia, Treasurer RICHARD S. BROWNLEE, Columbia, Director, Secretary and Librarian TRUSTEES Permanent Trustees, Former Presidents of the Society WILLIAM AULL III, Lexington GEORGE A. ROZIER, Jefferson City RUSH H. LIMBAUGH, Cape Girardeau LEO J. ROZIER, Perryville T. BALLARD WAITERS, Marshfield Term Expires At Annual Meeting, 1976 JAMES W. BROWN, Harrisonville ALFRED O. FUERBRINGER, St. Louis RICHARD J. CHAMIER, Moberly JAMES OLSON, Kansas City WILLIAM R. DENSLOW, Trenton ARVARH STRICKLAND, Columbia ELMER ELLIS, Columbia T. BALLARD WAITERS, Marshfield Term Expires At Annual Meeting, 1977 LEWIS E. ATHERTON, Columbia R. I. COLIJORN, Paris ROBERT A. BOWLING, Montgomery City W. W. DALTON, St. Louis FRANK P. BRIGGS, Macon RICHARD B. FOWLER, Kansas City HENRY A. BUNDSCHU, Independence VICTOR A. GIERKE, Louisiana Term Expires At Annual Meeting, 1978 GEORGE MCCUE, St. Louis RONALD L. SOMERVILLE, Chillicothe L. E. MEADOR, Springfield JACK STAPLETON, SR., Stanberry W. WALLACE SMITH, Independence JOSEPH WEBBER, St. Louis ROBERT M. WHITE, Mexico EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE The twenty-seven Trustees, the President and the Secretary of the Society, the Governor, Secretary of State, State Treasurer, President of the University of Missouri and Chancellor of the University of Missouri-Columbia constitute the Executive Committee. FINANCE COMMITTEE Five members of the Executive Committee appointed by the President, who by virtue of his office constitutes the sixth member, compose the Finance Com mittee. WILLIAM AULL III, Lexington, Chairman LEWIS E. ATHERTON, Columbia ELMER ELLIS, Columbia WILLIAM R. DENSLOW, Trenton GEORGE A. ROZIER, Jefferson City LEO J. ROZIER, Perryville AN IMPORTANT MESSAGE The business office of the State Historical So ciety of Missouri asks that members of the Society, who are moving or have moved to a new location, please inform the Society of changes of address, as soon as possible. To remail a returned issue of the REVIEW under new postal rates is very expensive. Due to this rising cost the Society has no recourse but to pass on this remailing expense to those members who have failed to send change of address notifications. Regretfully this action appears to be the only solution to a perplexing problem. Dues for member ship in the Society are two dollars. To remail the REVIEW, it now costs one dollar, or one-half of the membership dues. Changes of address should be sent to: State Historical Society of Missouri Corner of Hitt and Lowry Streets Columbia, Missouri 65201 B 111 THE FLOYD C. SHOEMAKER HISTORY AWARD The State Historical Society of Missouri takes pleasure in announcing the second round of competi tion for the Floyd C. Shoemaker History Award. This $100.00 annual award was created by the late Mr. Shoemaker, the long-time secretary of the Society, for the advancement of Missouri history in the universities, colleges and high schools throughout the state. The annual award alternates every other year between junior class students in Missouri colleges and universities and senior high school students in Mis souri. The 1976 award of $100.00 will be presented for the best article written by a junior class student in a Missouri college or university. The award will be presented at the 1976 annual meeting of the State Historical Society. Articles nominated for the award must relate to the history of Missouri, either to events or personal ities. The maximum length of an article is 5,000 words and a bibliography must be included. Each university and college must select a panel of judges to nominate its best article by a junior class student. Only one article may be submitted from each school. Each article will be judged against other nomi nations by the Department of History of the Univer sity of Missouri-Columbia. Articles submitted for this award will become the property of the State Historical Society of Missouri. The prize-winning article will be considered for publication in the MISSOURI HISTORICAL REVIEW. The final date for submission of articles is July 1, 1976. The articles must be sent to the State Historical Society of Missouri, Room 2, Elmer Ellis Library, Hitt and Lowry Streets, Columbia, Missouri 65201. [§K[SM[MM§[§[S[S[§[§[g[!rg™ 1 CONTENTS LOCAL HISTORY AND THE BICENTENNIAL. By James C. Olson 127 SMITHTON, MISSOURI. By Beth Pendergast 134 THE ST. LOUIS FREE CONGREGATION LIBRARY: A Study of German-American Reading Interests. By Don Heinrich Tolzmann 142 THE POLITICAL CAMPAIGN OF 1860 IN MISSOURI. By Doris Davis Wallace 162 SOME ASPECTS OF BLACK EDUCATION IN RECONSTRUCTION MISSOURI: An Address by Richard B. Foster. Edited by Antonio F. Holland and Gary R. Kremer 184 HISTORICAL NOTES AND COMMENTS Society Holds Annual Meeting 199 Erratum 202 The Mercantile Library's Bingham Sketches 203 Editorial Policy 205 Views from the Past: The Story of a Bridge 206 News in Brief 209 Local Historical Societies 211 Gifts 221 Missouri History in Newspapers 225 Missouri History in Magazines 229 Graduate Theses Relating to Missouri History 231 In Memoriam 232 BOOK REVIEW 233 BOOK NOTES 235 "OLD" TRINITY LUTHERAN CHURCH. By Dennis R. Rathert Inside Back Cover v Chancellor James C Olson, of the University of Missouri-Kansas City, was the featured speaker at the Society's Annual Meeting held on October 4, 1975. Seated to the left of Chancellor Olson is the Society's president, Dr. Elmer Ellis. Local History and the Bicentennial BY JAMES C OLSON* It is a pleasure to be here today. I am honored by this in vitation. I served for a decade as director of the Nebraska State His torical Society. When I became Chancellor of the University of Missouri-Kansas City in 1968, the UMKC Alumni Association, as a welcoming gift, gave me a life membership in the State Historical Society of Missouri. When I was actively engaged in state historical society work, •James C. Olson, Chancellor of the University of Missouri-Kansas City since 1968, was the featured speaker at the Society's 1975 Annual Meeting. Chancellor Olson received the A.B. degree from Morningside College, Sioux City, Iowa, and the M.A. and Ph.D. degrees from the University of Nebraska- Lincoln. The author of numerous historical books and articles, Chancellor Olson taught in the Department of History at the University of Nebraska and served as chairman of that department from 1956-1962. He served as the dean of the Graduate College and as a vice chancellor of that institution during 1966-1968. From 1946 to 1952 Chancellor Olson was the director of the Nebraska State Historical Society. The Society appreciates Chancellor Olson's permission to print the text of his Annual Meeting address. 127 128 Missouri Historical Review the State Historical Society of Missouri was under the leadership of Floyd Shoemaker. All of us who were younger learned from him and were caught up in his enthusiasm. We also envied his success in building support for the Society and its programs. In recent years as a trustee of the Society, I have had an opportunity to observe the way in which Dick Brownlee has built on the founda tions established by Dr. Shoemaker. The historical society is an important institution in American cultural life—as I need not remind this audience—attracting to greater or lesser degree the interest of hundreds of thousands of American citizens. Almost half a million Americans belong to more than two thousand state, local and regional historical so cieties in this country.