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Mnica Cristina Ramalho Oliveira Universidade do Porto Faculdade de Letras Mónica Cristina Ramalho Oliveira s Globos nas Instituições Portuenses: O ciência, coleccionismo e transmissão de conhecimento nos séculos XVIII e XIX. Julho 2007 Universidade do Porto Faculdade de Letras Mónica Cristina Ramalho Oliveira Os Globos nas Instituições Portuenses: ciência, coleccionismo e transmissão de conhecimento nos séculos XVIII e XIX. Tese de Mestrado Estudos Locais e Regionais Orientação: Professor Doutor João Carlos Garcia Julho 2007 2 AGRADECIMENTOS Não sendo possível agradecer individualmente os muitos contributos dados para a realização deste trabalho, a todos deixo o meu muito obrigado. Necessito porém de prestar um agradecimento formal às diversas individualidades que permitiram o acesso a uma série de documentos preciosos, sem os quais não seria possível realizar este estudo: Dr.ª Marisa Monteiro (Museu da Ciência da Faculdade de Ciências), Dr.ª Olga Lacerda (Feitoria Inglesa), Dr.ª Pilar Garcia (Palácio da Bolsa), Dr.ª Patricia Costa (Museu Parada Leitão do Instituto Superior de Engenharia do Porto) e Dr.ª Maria José Leão (Biblioteca da Escola secundária Rodrigues de Freitas). Um reconhecimento à Daniela Fernandes, que me auxiliou na árdua tarefa da paleografia, gesto que implicou um trabalho minuncioso o moroso de sua parte, que não se obtém somente duma colega, mas de uma Amiga. Em particular quero agradecer ao Professor Doutor João Carlos Garcia, orientador disponível e empenhado, pelo encorajamento incondicional em todas as questões deste trabalho, as suas opiniões e críticas oportunas, e a confiança e entusiasmo em mim depositados. Ao Carlos, meu marido, pela certeza de que após um dia de ausência poder contar sempre com o seu amparo e afecto, à minha mãe e restante família agradeço a compreensão pela minha bem menor disponibilidade em ambiente familiar, e o incentivo que sempre me souberam transmitir e todo o sentimento de pertença com que, como sempre, me rodearam. 3 ÍNDICE DE FIGURAS Figura 1.. Modelo de fonte na Geografia histórica (PACIONE, 1987: p.49)…………………… ……...…..16 Figura 2.. Pormenor da evolução da fronteira angolana, como elemento crucial na datação ([189-], Palácio da Bolsa, Porto)………………………………………………………………………18 Figura 3. A codificação da linguagem cartográfica (CASTI, 2001: p. 159) ………….…….........19 Figura 4. A construção interna do globo (SUMIRA, 1992: p.11)……………………….………….21 Figura 5. Os tipos de gomos segundo a classificação de Baynes-Cope (1984)……………………..………… …………………….…………………….……………………....22 Figura 6. Globo de suporte triangular (1861, Feitoria Inglesa, Porto) ……………………………22 Figura 7. Globo com suporte "monopode" ([19--] Liceu Rodrigues de Freitas, Porto)…………23 Figura 8. Globo com suporte de quatro colunas e pivot central (Museo Naval de Madrid, Madrid)……………………………………………………………………………………………..…….23 Figura 9. Globo com base de tipo inglês de Cary (1791, Londres)………………….……………23 Figura 10. Globo com base de tipo holandês de Willem Jansz (16[--])…………………………. 23 Figura 11. Pormenor de um globo celeste de Coronelli (ca. 1688, Bibliotèque Nationale de France, França)…………………………………………………………………………………...…… 24 Figura 12. Rainha Isabel I, Armada Portrait, (c.a.1588, Londres ) ……………………………....25 Figura 13. Globo terrestre de Martin Behaim ca.1492, Biblioteca Nacional de Nuremberga)…28 Figura 14.Gomos de Vicenzo Maria Coronelli (ca. 1693, Bibliotéque Nationale de France)……………………………………………………………………………………………...……29 Figura 15. Pormenor da iconografia no globo celeste de Blaeu (ca.1603, Academia das Ciências da República Checa) …………………………………………………………...………….. 31 Figura 16. Planetarium de origem inglesa (ca.1800, Antiquário Greaves & Thomas)……...….34 Figura 17. Globo insuflável de Betts (ca.1860, British Library, Londres)………………………...37 Figura 18. Microscópio de George Adams sénior (ca.1746, Science Museum, London) ……..38 Figura 19. Jovem astrónomo utilizando o globo no seu estudo de Olivier van Deuren (c.a. 1685, National Gallery, Londres)…………..……………………………..…………………………..45 Figura 20. Rei Luís XVI dá instruções dá instruções a Lapérouse (reconstituição pintada em 1817 por Nicolas Monsiau; Museu Nacional do Castelo de Versailles, França) ………………..46 Figura 21. A Lição de Navegação, em W. Janz Blaeu, , Le Flambeau de la navigation (ca.1620, Biblioteca Nacional de Paris) ………………………………………………………………...……….46 Figura 22. Página de rosto da primeira edição, de George Adams senior (ca. 1766, Londres)………… ……………………………………………………………………………….……..47 Figura 23. Biblioteca da Universidade de Leyden in Iconos elogia de viate professorum Lughwnensierum apud Batavos, Lyon (ca. 1617, Biblioteca Nacional de França) ……….……48 Figura 24. Biblioteca Pública Municipal do Porto (2006, Porto)………………………….. ……...61 Figura 25. Globo Terrestre da B.P.M.P ([17]85, Biblioteca Pública Municipal do Porto, Porto)……………………………….……………………………………..……………………………..62 Figura 26. Globo Celeste da B.P.M.P ([17--], Biblioteca Pública Municipal do Porto, Porto)….62 Figura 27. Foto onde os globos figuram como ornamento (1906, BPMP, Porto) …………. …..68 Figura 28. Foto onde os globos estão presentes numa exposição da Biblioteca (1906, Biblioteca Pública Municipal do Porto, Porto)…………………………………………….………….67 Figura 29. Cartela do globo terrestre de George Adams ([17]85, Biblioteca Pública Municipal do Porto, Porto) ………………………….……………………………………………………………...….69 Figura 30. Ficha Técnica do Globo terrestre da BPMP………………………..……………….69/70 Figura 31. Oceanus Ethiopicus no Globo Terrestre ([17]85, Biblioteca Pública Municipal do Porto, Porto)…………………………………………………………………..…………………………69 Figura 32. Pormenor de desvio no pilar face á área dos pólos ([17]85, Biblioteca Pública Municipal do Porto, Porto)……………………………………………………………………………...71 Figura 33. Cartela do globo celeste ([17--], Biblioteca Pública Municipal do Porto, Porto)……………………………………………………….…………………………………………….72 Figura 34. Ficha Técnica do Globo celeste da BPMP………………………..……………..….72/73 Figura 35. Andromeda in Atlas Coelestis, Flamsteed (c.a. 1729, The British Library, Londres)………………………………………….............................................................................73 Figura 36. Formax [fornalha] no globo celeste([17]85, Biblioteca Pública Municipal do Porto, Porto) …………………….…………………………………………………………...………………….73 Figura 37. Horologuim [relógio] no globo celeste ([17]85, Biblioteca Pública Municipal do Porto, Porto)……………………….…………………………………………………………………………….73 4 Figura 38. Microscopium [microscópio] no globo celeste ([17]85, Biblioteca Pública Municipal do Porto, Porto)……………………………………………………………………….………………...73 Figura 39. Antlia [máquina pneumática] no globo celeste ([17]85, Biblioteca Pública Municipal do Porto, Porto) ……………………….………………………………………………………………..74 Figura 40. Microscópio Prince of Wales, modelo datado de 1746 (MILBURN, 2000, p. 86)………………………….……………………………………………………………………………..74 Figura 41. Air Pump de autoria George Adams datado de 1761 (MILBURN, 2000, p. 99)……………………………………………………………………………………………….............74 Figura 42. Sala das Sessões do Conselho Académico in Annuario da Academia Polytechnica de 1882-83 (188-, Porto)… ………………………………………………………….........................83 Figura 43. Sala das Sessões do Conselho Académico (188-, Porto)………………... ………….83 Figura 44. O globo celeste como ornamento de entrada do Departamento de Geologia da Faculdade de Ciências (2005, Porto)…………………………………………………………………84 Figura 45. Protecção em acrílico no globo terrestre da Faculdade de Ciências (2006, Porto)..84 Figura 46. Suporte de tipo triangular do globo terrestre da Universidade do Porto (2006, Porto)……………………………………………………………………………………………………..85 Figura 47. Ficha Técnica do Globo terrestre………………………………………………...…..85/86 Figura 48. Ficha Técnica do Globo celeste…………………………………………………….. 85/86 Figura 49. Pormenor do desvio do pilar face à área dos pólos ([17]--, Faculdade de Ciência da Universidade do Porto, Porto)..……………………………………………………….……………….86 Figura 50. Estado de conservção do globo terrestre da Universidade do Porto (2006, Porto)…………..……………………………………………………………………………………. …..86 Figura 51. Cartela do globo terrestre da Universidade do Porto ([17--], Porto) …………….…..87 Figura 52. Cartela do globo celeste da Universidade do Porto ([17--], Porto)……………... …..87 Figura 53. Vista parcial da Feitoria Inglesa (2005, Porto)………………………………….. …….90 Figura 54. Vista parcial da Sala dos Mapas (2005, Feitoria Inglesa, Porto)…………………….91 Figura 55. Estado do globo terrestre após o restauro (2005, Porto)…………..……. …….. …..92 Figura 56. Estado do globo terrestre prévio ao restauro (2005, Porto)…………….……….. …..92 Figura 57. Estado do globo celeste após ao restauro (2005, Porto) ………………..……. ..…...92 Figura 58. Estado do globo celeste prévio ao restauro(2005, Porto)………………………. …..92 Figura 59. Ficha Técnica do Globo terrestre……………………………..……………………..93/94 Figura 60. Pormenor do suporte triangular do globo terrestre da Feitoria Inglesa (2005, Porto)……………………………………………………………………………………………………..94 Figura 61. Cartela do globo terrestre da Feitoria Inglesa (1861, Porto) ……………………...…94 Figura 62. Tabela estatística presente no globo terrestre da Feitoria Inglesa (1861, Porto) ….95 Figura 63. Pormenor do não desvio do pilar face à área dos pólos 1861, Feitoria Inglesa, Porto)……………………………………………………………………………………………………..96 Figura 64. Ficha Técnica do Globo Celeste…………………..……………………………. …..96/97 Figura 65. Figura 65. Pormenor de carpintaria do suporte do globo celeste (1861, Feitoria Inglesa, Porto)………………………………………..……………………………………………. …..97 Figura 66. Microscópio (1858, Feitoria Inlgesa, Porto)……….……………………………………98 Figura 67. Microscópio variável de autoria de G. Adams elder
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