Cognitive Electropysiology: Signals of the Mind
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Of Boundary Extension: Anticipatory Scene Representation Across Development and Disorder
Received: 23 July 2016 | Revised: 14 January 2017 | Accepted: 19 January 2017 DOI: 10.1002/hipo.22728 RESEARCH ARTICLE Testing the “Boundaries” of boundary extension: Anticipatory scene representation across development and disorder G. Spano1,2 | H. Intraub3 | J. O. Edgin1,2,4 1Department of Psychology, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85721 Abstract 2Cognitive Science Program, University of Recent studies have suggested that Boundary Extension (BE), a scene construction error, may be Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85721 linked to the function of the hippocampus. In this study, we tested BE in two groups with varia- 3Department of Psychological and Brain tions in hippocampal development and disorder: a typically developing sample ranging from Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark, preschool to adolescence and individuals with Down syndrome. We assessed BE across three dif- Delaware 19716 ferent test modalities: drawing, visual recognition, and a 3D scene boundary reconstruction task. 4Sonoran University Center for Excellence in Despite confirmed fluctuations in memory function measured through a neuropsychological Developmental Disabilities, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85721 assessment, the results showed consistent BE in all groups across test modalities, confirming the Correspondence near universal nature of BE. These results indicate that BE is an essential function driven by a com- Goffredina Spano, Wellcome Trust Centre plex set of processes, that occur even in the face of delayed memory development and for Neuroimaging, Institute of Neurology, hippocampal dysfunction in special populations. University College London, 12 Queen Square, London WC1N 3BG, UK. Email: [email protected] KEYWORDS Funding information down syndrome, memory development, hippocampus, prediction error, top-down influences LuMind Research Down Syndrome Foundation; Research Down Syndrome and the Jerome Lejeune Foundation; Molly Lawson Graduate Fellow in Down Syndrome Research (GS). -
Aesthetic Appreciation of Poetry Correlates with Ease of Processing in Event-Related Potentials
CORE Metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk Provided by Maastricht University Research Portal Aesthetic appreciation of poetry correlates with ease of processing in event-related potentials Citation for published version (APA): Obermeier, C., Kotz, S. A., Jessen, S., Raettig, T., von Koppenfels, M., & Menninghaus, W. (2016). Aesthetic appreciation of poetry correlates with ease of processing in event-related potentials. Cognitive, Affective, & Behavioral Neuroscience, 16(2), 362-373. https://doi.org/10.3758/s13415-015-0396-x Document status and date: Published: 01/04/2016 DOI: 10.3758/s13415-015-0396-x Document Version: Publisher's PDF, also known as Version of record Please check the document version of this publication: • A submitted manuscript is the version of the article upon submission and before peer-review. There can be important differences between the submitted version and the official published version of record. People interested in the research are advised to contact the author for the final version of the publication, or visit the DOI to the publisher's website. • The final author version and the galley proof are versions of the publication after peer review. • The final published version features the final layout of the paper including the volume, issue and page numbers. Link to publication General rights Copyright and moral rights for the publications made accessible in the public portal are retained by the authors and/or other copyright owners and it is a condition of accessing publications that users recognise and abide by the legal requirements associated with these rights. • Users may download and print one copy of any publication from the public portal for the purpose of private study or research. -
Motor Development Research: II
Motor development research: II. The first two decades of the 21st century shaping our future Jill Whitall1, Farid Bardid2,3, Nancy Getchell4, Melissa Pangelinan5, Leah E. Robinson6,7, Nadja Schott8, Jane E. Clark9,10 1 Department of Physical Therapy & Rehabilitation Science, University of Maryland, USA 2 School of Education, University of Strathclyde, UK 3 Department of Movement and Sports Sciences, Ghent University, Belgium 4 Department of Kinesiology & Applied Physiology, University of Delaware, USA 5 School of Kinesiology, College of Education, Auburn University, USA 6 School of Kinesiology, University of Michigan, USA 7 Center for Human Growth and Development, University of Michigan, USA 8 Institute of Sport & Exercise Science, University of Stuttgart, Germany 9 Department of Kinesiology, School of Public Health, University of Maryland, USA 10 Neuroscience and Cognitive Science Program, University of Maryland, USA Corresponding author: Jill Whitall E-mail: [email protected] This is the accepted manuscript version of the study cited as: Whitall, J., Bardid, F., Getchell, N., Pangelinan, M., Robinson, L. E., Schott, N., & Clark, J. E. (2020). Motor development research: II. The first two decades of the 21st century shaping our future. Journal of Motor Learning and Development, 8(2), 363-390. https://doi.org/10.1123/jmld.2020-0007 This paper is not the copy of record and may not exactly replicate the authoritative document published in Journal of Motor Learning and Development. The final published version is available on the journal website. Author note: Authorship order is alphabetical except the lead author is first and the senior author is last. Abstract In Part I of this series (Whitall et al., this issue), we looked back at the 20th century and re- examined the history of Motor Development research described in Clark & Whitall’s 1989 paper “What is Motor Development? The Lessons of History”. -
Traffic Sign Recognition Evaluation for Senior Adults Using EEG Signals
sensors Article Traffic Sign Recognition Evaluation for Senior Adults Using EEG Signals Dong-Woo Koh 1, Jin-Kook Kwon 2 and Sang-Goog Lee 1,* 1 Department of Media Engineering, Catholic University of Korea, 43 Jibong-ro, Bucheon-si 14662, Korea; [email protected] 2 CookingMind Cop. 23 Seocho-daero 74-gil, Seocho-gu, Seoul 06621, Korea; [email protected] * Correspondence: [email protected]; Tel.: +82-2-2164-4909 Abstract: Elderly people are not likely to recognize road signs due to low cognitive ability and presbyopia. In our study, three shapes of traffic symbols (circles, squares, and triangles) which are most commonly used in road driving were used to evaluate the elderly drivers’ recognition. When traffic signs are randomly shown in HUD (head-up display), subjects compare them with the symbol displayed outside of the vehicle. In this test, we conducted a Go/Nogo test and determined the differences in ERP (event-related potential) data between correct and incorrect answers of EEG signals. As a result, the wrong answer rate for the elderly was 1.5 times higher than for the youths. All generation groups had a delay of 20–30 ms of P300 with incorrect answers. In order to achieve clearer differentiation, ERP data were modeled with unsupervised machine learning and supervised deep learning. The young group’s correct/incorrect data were classified well using unsupervised machine learning with no pre-processing, but the elderly group’s data were not. On the other hand, the elderly group’s data were classified with a high accuracy of 75% using supervised deep learning with simple signal processing. -
Brain Responses Before and After Intensive Second Language Learning: Proficiency Based Changes and First Language Background Effects in Adult Learners
Brain Responses before and after Intensive Second Language Learning: Proficiency Based Changes and First Language Background Effects in Adult Learners Erin Jacquelyn White1,2*, Fred Genesee1,2, Karsten Steinhauer1,3* 1 Centre for Research on Brain, Language and Music, Montreal, Canada, 2 Department of Psychology, McGill University, Montreal, Canada, 3 School of Communication Sciences and Disorders, McGill University, Montreal, Canada Abstract This longitudinal study tracked the neuro-cognitive changes associated with second language (L2) grammar learning in adults in order to investigate how L2 processing is shaped by a learner’s first language (L1) background and L2 proficiency. Previous studies using event-related potentials (ERPs) have argued that late L2 learners cannot elicit a P600 in response to L2 grammatical structures that do not exist in the L1 or that are different in the L1 and L2. We tested whether the neuro- cognitive processes underlying this component become available after intensive L2 instruction. Korean- and Chinese late- L2-learners of English were tested at the beginning and end of a 9-week intensive English-L2 course. ERPs were recorded while participants read English sentences containing violations of regular past tense (a grammatical structure that operates differently in Korean and does not exist in Chinese). Whereas no P600 effects were present at the start of instruction, by the end of instruction, significant P600s were observed for both L1 groups. Latency differences in the P600 exhibited by Chinese and Korean speakers may be attributed to differences in L1–L2 reading strategies. Across all participants, larger P600 effects at session 2 were associated with: 1) higher levels of behavioural performance on an online grammaticality judgment task; and 2) with correct, rather than incorrect, behavioural responses. -
ERP Peaks Review 1 LINKING BRAINWAVES to the BRAIN
ERP Peaks Review 1 LINKING BRAINWAVES TO THE BRAIN: AN ERP PRIMER Alexandra P. Fonaryova Key, Guy O. Dove, and Mandy J. Maguire Psychological and Brain Sciences University of Louisville Louisville, Kentucky Short title: ERPs Peak Review. Key Words: ERP, peak, latency, brain activity source, electrophysiology. Please address all correspondence to: Alexandra P. Fonaryova Key, Ph.D. Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences 317 Life Sciences, University of Louisville Louisville, KY 40292-0001. [email protected] ERP Peaks Review 2 Linking Brainwaves To The Brain: An ERP Primer Alexandra Fonaryova Key, Guy O. Dove, and Mandy J. Maguire Abstract This paper reviews literature on the characteristics and possible interpretations of the event- related potential (ERP) peaks commonly identified in research. The description of each peak includes typical latencies, cortical distributions, and possible brain sources of observed activity as well as the evoking paradigms and underlying psychological processes. The review is intended to serve as a tutorial for general readers interested in neuropsychological research and a references source for researchers using ERP techniques. ERP Peaks Review 3 Linking Brainwaves To The Brain: An ERP Primer Alexandra P. Fonaryova Key, Guy O. Dove, and Mandy J. Maguire Over the latter portion of the past century recordings of brain electrical activity such as the continuous electroencephalogram (EEG) and the stimulus-relevant event-related potentials (ERPs) became frequent tools of choice for investigating the brain’s role in the cognitive processing in different populations. These electrophysiological recording techniques are generally non-invasive, relatively inexpensive, and do not require participants to provide a motor or verbal response. -
Mind-Wandering in People with Hippocampal Damage
This Accepted Manuscript has not been copyedited and formatted. The final version may differ from this version. Research Articles: Behavioral/Cognitive Mind-wandering in people with hippocampal damage Cornelia McCormick1, Clive R. Rosenthal2, Thomas D. Miller2 and Eleanor A. Maguire1 1Wellcome Centre for Human Neuroimaging, Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, WC1N 3AR, UK 2Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 9DU, UK DOI: 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.1812-17.2018 Received: 29 June 2017 Revised: 21 January 2018 Accepted: 24 January 2018 Published: 12 February 2018 Author contributions: C.M., C.R.R., T.D.M., and E.A.M. designed research; C.M. performed research; C.M., C.R.R., T.D.M., and E.A.M. analyzed data; C.M., C.R.R., T.D.M., and E.A.M. wrote the paper. Conflict of Interest: The authors declare no competing financial interests. We thank all the participants, particularly the patients and their relatives, for the time and effort they contributed to this study. We also thank the consultant neurologists: Drs. M.J. Johnson, S.R. Irani, S. Jacobs and P. Maddison. We are grateful to Martina F. Callaghan for help with MRI sequence design, Trevor Chong for second scoring the Autobiographical Interview, Alice Liefgreen for second scoring the mind-wandering thoughts, and Elaine Williams for advice on hippocampal segmentation. E.A.M. and C.M. are supported by a Wellcome Principal Research Fellowship to E.A.M. (101759/Z/13/Z) and the Centre by a Centre Award from Wellcome (203147/Z/16/Z). -
CNS 2014 Program
Cognitive Neuroscience Society 21st Annual Meeting, April 5-8, 2014 Marriott Copley Place Hotel, Boston, Massachusetts 2014 Annual Meeting Program Contents 2014 Committees & Staff . 2 Schedule Overview . 3 . Keynotes . 5 2014 George A . Miller Awardee . 6. Distinguished Career Contributions Awardee . 7 . Young Investigator Awardees . 8 . General Information . 10 Exhibitors . 13 . Invited-Symposium Sessions . 14 Mini-Symposium Sessions . 18 Poster Schedule . 32. Poster Session A . 33 Poster Session B . 66 Poster Session C . 98 Poster Session D . 130 Poster Session E . 163 Poster Session F . 195 . Poster Session G . 227 Poster Topic Index . 259. Author Index . 261 . Boston Marriott Copley Place Floorplan . 272. A Supplement of the Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience Cognitive Neuroscience Society c/o Center for the Mind and Brain 267 Cousteau Place, Davis, CA 95616 ISSN 1096-8857 © CNS www.cogneurosociety.org 2014 Committees & Staff Governing Board Mini-Symposium Committee Roberto Cabeza, Ph.D., Duke University David Badre, Ph.D., Brown University (Chair) Marta Kutas, Ph.D., University of California, San Diego Adam Aron, Ph.D., University of California, San Diego Helen Neville, Ph.D., University of Oregon Lila Davachi, Ph.D., New York University Daniel Schacter, Ph.D., Harvard University Elizabeth Kensinger, Ph.D., Boston College Michael S. Gazzaniga, Ph.D., University of California, Gina Kuperberg, Ph.D., Harvard University Santa Barbara (ex officio) Thad Polk, Ph.D., University of Michigan George R. Mangun, Ph.D., University of California, -
Elizabeth Bowen's “Narrative Language at White Heat”
Elizabeth Bowen’s “narrative language at white heat”: A literary-linguistic perspective Inauguraldissertation zur Erlangung des Akademischen Grades eines Dr. phil., vorgelegt dem Fachbereich 05 – Philosophie und Philologie der Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz von Julia Rabea Kind aus Darmstadt Mainz 2016 Referentin: Korreferent: Tag des Prüfungskolloquiums: 20. Mai 2016 Contents 1. Introduction: The experience of reading Bowen’s “narrative language at white heat” 3 1.1 Bowen’s poetic practice: Composition, form and reading ...................................... 5 1.2 Literary scholarship on Bowen’s language ........................................................... 12 1.3 Parameters of analysis: The Last September, To the North and The Heat of the Day .............................................................................................................................. 15 1.4 A literary-linguistic perspective on Bowen’s language ........................................ 18 2. A model of literary sentence processing and aesthetic pleasure ................................. 23 2.1 Neuroscience: The human brain and experimental methods ................................. 27 2.2 Neuroaesthetics: Sources of aesthetic pleasure ..................................................... 29 2.3 Neurolinguistics: Sentence processing .................................................................. 43 2.4 Conceptual compatibility of neuroaesthetics and neurolinguistics ....................... 58 2.5 Difficulty, ease and aesthetic pleasure in -
Decoding Representations of Scenes in the Medial Temporal Lobes
HIPPOCAMPUS 22:1143–1153 (2012) Decoding Representations of Scenes in the Medial Temporal Lobes Heidi M. Bonnici,1 Dharshan Kumaran,2,3 Martin J. Chadwick,1 Nikolaus Weiskopf,1 Demis Hassabis,4 and Eleanor A. Maguire1* ABSTRACT: Recent theoretical perspectives have suggested that the (Eichenbaum, 2004; Johnson et al., 2007: Kumaran function of the human hippocampus, like its rodent counterpart, may be et al., 2009) and even visual perception (Lee et al., best characterized in terms of its information processing capacities. In this study, we use a combination of high-resolution functional magnetic 2005; Graham et al., 2006, 2010). Current perspec- resonance imaging, multivariate pattern analysis, and a simple decision tives, therefore, have emphasized that the function of making task, to test specific hypotheses concerning the role of the the hippocampus, and indeed surrounding areas within medial temporal lobe (MTL) in scene processing. We observed that the medial temporal lobe (MTL), may be best charac- while information that enabled two highly similar scenes to be distin- guished was widely distributed throughout the MTL, more distinct scene terized by understanding the nature of the information representations were present in the hippocampus, consistent with its processing they perform. role in performing pattern separation. As well as viewing the two similar The application of multivariate pattern analysis scenes, during scanning participants also viewed morphed scenes that (MVPA) techniques applied to functional magnetic spanned a continuum between the original two scenes. We found that patterns of hippocampal activity during morph trials, even when resonance imaging (fMRI) data (Haynes and Rees, perceptual inputs were held entirely constant (i.e., in 50% morph 2006; Norman et al., 2006) offers the possibility of trials), showed a robust relationship with participants’ choices in the characterizing the types of neural representations and decision task. -
Electroencephalography (Eeg) and Its Use in Motor Learning And
ELECTROENCEPHALOGRAPHY (EEG) AND ITS USE IN MOTOR LEARNING AND CONTROL by Tyler Thorley Whittier July, 2017 Director of Thesis: Dr. Nicholas Murray Major Department: Kinesiology Electroencephalography (EEG) is a non-invasive technique of measuring electric currents generated from active brain regions and is a useful tool for researchers interested in motor control. The study of motor learning and control seeks to understand the way the brain understands, plans and executes movement both physical and imagined. Thus, the purpose of this study was to better understand the ways in which electroencephalography can be used to measure regions of the brain involved with motor control and learning. For this purpose, two independent studies were completed using EEG to monitor brain activity during both executed and imagined actions. The first study sought to understand the cognitive demand of altering a running gait and provides EEG evidence of motor learning. 13 young healthy runners participated in a 6-week in-field gait-retraining program that altered running gait by increasing step rate (steps per minute) by 5-10%. EEG was collected while participants ran on a treadmill with their original gait as a baseline measurement. After the baseline collection, participants ran for one minute at the same speed with a 5-10% step rate increase while EEG was collected. Participants then participated in a 6-week in-field gait-retraining program in which they received bandwith feedback while running in order to learn the new gait. After completing the 6-week training protocol, participants returned to the lab for post training EEG collection while running with the new step rate. -
Stroke Rehabilitation Through Motor Imagery Controlled Humanoid
Stroke Rehabilitation through Motor Imagery controlled Humanoid (Submitted in requirement of undergraduate Departmental honors) Priya Rao Chagaleti Computer Science and Engineering University of Washington 17th June 2013 Thesis advisor: Prof. Rajesh P. N. Rao Acknowledgements I gratefully acknowledge the help and encouragement from Melissa Smith, Alex Dadgar, Matthew Bryan, Jeremiah Wander, Sam Sudar and Chantal Murthy in execution of this project. Acronyms ALS: Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis BCI : Brain Computer Interface BCI2000: BCI software EEG: Electro encephalogram EMG: Electromyogram EOG: Electrooculogram ECOG: Electrocorticograph ERP: Event related potential ERD: Event related desynchronization ERS: Event related synchronization MEG: Magnetoencephalogram fMRI: functional Magnetic resonance imaging SCP: Slow cortical potential SNR: Signal to noise ratio SMR: Sensory motor rhythm 1 Abstract Rehabilitation of individuals who are motor-paralyzed as a result of disease or trauma is a challenging task because each individual patient presents with a different set of clinical findings and in varying states of physical and mental well-being. The only commonality is motor paralysis. It may be the paralysis of a single limb or paralysis of all four limbs and may include paralysis of facial muscles or respiratory muscles amongst other motor disabilities. Each patient requires individualized management. Rehabilitation of these patients includes the use of mechanical assistance devices to perform daily chores such as lifting an object or closing a door. This project intended to use a humanoid robot to do these tasks using brain signals from the sensory motor cortex, the mu-rhythm, which would be programmed to convert the relevant brain signals into a command signal for the robot using a non-invasive brain-computer interface (BCI).