Nature of Homicide: Trends and Changes
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The Nature of Homicide: Trends and Changes Proceedings of the 1996 Meeting of the Homicide Research Working Group Santa Monica, California Editors Pamela K. Lattimore CynthiaA. Nahabedian Foreword These are the proceedings of the 1996 annual meeting of the Homicide Research Working Group. The meeting was hosted by the RAND Corporation in Santa Monica, California from June 9 to June 12, 1996. The Proceedings include nine sections that correspond closely with the areas of presentation and discussion outlined in the program agenda. Recorder's notes and discussion summaries, when made available, were included. A copy of the meeting agenda, and a list of program participants and active members are included in the appendices. Thanks to all for your participation. Pamela K. Lattimore Cynthia A. Nahabedian Editors CONTENTS FOREWORD................................................................................................................i SECTION ONE: THE HOMICIDE RESEARCH WORKING GROUP.......................................2 THE HOMICIDE RESEARCH WORKING GROUP: PAST AND PRESENT ROLAND CHILTON................................................................ .4 THE HOMICIDE RESEARCH WORKING GROUP'S FIRST FIVE YEARS: WHAT HAS BEEN DONE? WHAT NEEDS TO BE DONE? ROLAND CHILTON...............................................................12 SECTION TWO: INTEGRATING THEORIES OF LETHAL VIOLENCE............................... .22 THEORIZING ABOUT HOMICIDE: A PRESENTATION ON THE THEORIES EXPLAINING HOMICIDE AND OTHER CRTRJES CHRISTINE E. RASCHE....................................................... .24 SUMMARY OF PANEL DISCUSSION (THEORIES) RICHARD ROSEWELD........................................................36 SECTION THREE: YOUTH VIOLENCE TRENDS..................................................................... .38 THE COMING WAVE OF VIOLENCE IN CALIFORNIA ALLAN F. ABRAHAMSE.......................................................40 FIREARMS IN THE HOMICIDES AND SUICIDES OF YOUTHS JIAFANG CHEN.....................................................................52 EXPLORING THE RECENT SURGE IN YOUTH HOMICIDE RATES: GEOGRAPHIC VARIATIONS ROBERT L. FLEWELLING................................................... .5 8 MINNEAPOLIS YOUTH HOMICIDE STUDY. BETH ANSARI DOUGLAS KRES S ..................................................................64 SUNIMARY OF PANEL DISCUSSION (YOUTH VIOLENCE) KATHLEEN M. HEIDE. ...:..... :.................. i. ........................... .66 SECTION FOUR: IS THE NATURE OF HOMICIDE CHANGING: WHAT IS HAPPENING TO ADULT HOMICIDE?....................................................... -68 CHANGING RELATIONSHIPS BETWEEN MEN AND WOMEN AND THE DECLINE IN INTIMATE PARTNER HOMICIDE RICHARD RO SENFELD ...................................................... .70 VIOLENCE IN U. S. CITIES: HOMICIDE TRENDS IN EIGHT U. S. CITIES PAMELA K. LATTIMORE.....................................................80 URBAN -ST TRENDS FOR ADULT MEN AND WOMEN: 1960-1993 ROLAND CHILTON.............................................................. .u4 HOMICIDE AND ITS DETER-MINANTS JIAFANG CHEN.................................................................... .92 SECTION FIVE: CITY STUDIES OF HOMICIDE IN THE SOUTH AND SOUTHWEST.......98 MURDER INSPACE CITY RE-EXAMINED: HOUSTON HOMICIDE TWENTY YEARS LATER VICTORIA E. BREWER KELLY R. DAMPHOUSSE WILLIAM G. EDISON, JR ................................................... CHANGING HOMICIDE PATTERNS DEAN G. ROJEK ...............................:..................................lo6 AN HISTORICAL GEOGRAPHICAL STLIDY OF LETHAL VIOLENCE IN SAN ANTONIO BEN BRADSHAW DERRAL CHEATWOOD DAVID R. JOHNSON.. ...................................................... .I26 EXAhUNING ETHNIC DISTINCTIONS IN VICTIM-OFFENDER HOMICIDES: THE CASE OF MIAMI IN THE 1990's RAMIRO MARTINEZ, JR.................................................... ,140 SUMMARY OF PANEL DISCUSSION (CITY STUDIES) MARGARET A. ZAHN.........................................................I46 SECTION SIX: RESEARCH,ANDPRACTITIONERS EFFORTS TO INFLUENCE SOCIAL POLICY IN VIOLENCE PREVENTION.....................................148 INJURY AND VIOLENCE PREVENTION PROGRAMS BILLIE WEISS...................................................................... 150 GANG TATTOO REMOVAL PROGRAM: OPERATION FRESH START OF CHICAW JOHN P. MAY....................................................................... 152 RISE HIGH PROJECTS: VIOLENCE PREVENTION MESSAGES JOHN P. MAY ....................................................................... 152 RECORDERS REPORT (VIOLENCE PREVENTION PANEL) ALLAN F. ABRAHAMSE.....................................................I54 SECTION SEVEN: NEW AND VERY RECENT RESEARCH...................................................156 VICTIMIZATION OF OFFENDERS:DEATH OF YOUTHFUL PAROLEES PAMELA K. LATTIMORE RICHARD L. LINSTER....................................................... .158 WORK IN PROGRESS: THE UNlTED NATIONS INTERNATIONAL STUDY ON FIREARMS REGULATION RICHARD BLOCK.. ............................................................. .I62 ROBBERS WHO INJURE AND THOSE WHO DO NOT ROSEMARY J. ERICKSON.................................................. 164 CHANGING PATTERNS OF HOMICIDE AND SOCIAL POLICY MARGARET A. ZAHN KATHERINE M. JAMIESON.............................................. .I 76 SUMMARY OF PANEL DISCUSSION (NEW AND VERY RECENT RESEARCH) BARBARA PEARCE............................................................ .I80 SECTION EIGHT: FIREARMS AND HOMICIDE: MEASURING THE PROBLEM AND DESIGNING SOLUTIONS................................................................ .I82 FIREARM AVAILABILITY AND FIREARM HOMICIDE IN CHICAGO: A WORK IN PROGRESS CAROLYNREBECCABLOCK ANTIGONE CHRISTAKOS.................................................. 184 THE EPIDEMIOLOGY OF FIREARMS AND HOMICIDE: THE NEED FOR BASIC SCIENCE PAUL H. BLACKMAN.........................................................I90 DISARMING THE CRIMINAL: ATF'S STRATEGIC AND SCIENTIFIC APPROACH TO FOCUSED AND TARGETED ENFORCEMENT JOSEPH J. VTNCE, JR...........................................................206 PEDIATRIC FTREARM MORTALITY RATES IN CHICAGO ROBERT R. TANZ BARBARA PEARCE CONSTANTINE GEORGAKIS.......................................... ,216 PRIOR NONFATAL FIREARMS INJLTRZES IN DETAINEES OF A LARGE URBAN JAIL JOHN P. MAY...................................................................... .220 PHYSICIAN COUNSELINGREGRADING FIREARMS RISKS JOHN P. MAY.......................................................................220 SUMMARIES OF PANEL DISCUSSION @IREARMS) CHERYL MAXSON CHRIS RASCHE.................................................................. .222 SECTION NINE: PARRICIDE: ADULTS WHO KILL THEIR PARENTS..............................226 DANGEROUSLY ANTISOCIAL KIDS WHO KILL THEIR PARENTS: TOWARD A BETTER UNDERSTANDING OF THE PHENOMENON KATHLEEN M. HEIDE...................................................... .228 PARRICIDE AND ATTEMPTED PARRICIDE:FORENSIC DATA AND PSYCHOLOGICAL RESULTS ADAM M. WEISMAN KAUSHAZ, K. SHARMA....................................................... 234 APPENDICES........................................................................................................ .248 CONFERENCE AGENDA........................................................................... .250 PARTICIPANTS.......................................................................................... .256 Section One: The Homicide Research Working Group THE HOMICIDE RESEARCH WORKING GROUP: PAST AND PRESENT NOTES ON THE FIRST SESSION OF THE SANTA MONICA MEETING OF THE HOMICIDE RESEARCH WORKING GROUP Organizer and Moderator: Roland Chilton Participants: Richard Block, Carolyn Rebecca Block, Chris Rasche, John Jarvis, Harold Rose, Pam Lattimore, and Derral Cheatwood Introduction: The first session of the 1996, Santa Monica meeting of the Homicide Research Working Group was devoted to a consideration of "The Homicide Research Working Group Past and Present." A panel of individuals who had been active in the group since its inception discussed the history of the group and their perception of the structure of our studies, and the session was opened to comments and questions from the general audience. It was a chance to look back at where we had come from and what we thought we had done, and to consider what we are now doing and where we may want to go. It was a review of the last five meetings of the Homicide Research Working Group and an open discussion of how we have changed and how we have stayed the same. The Goals of the Organization: It is impossible to consider the past, present or future of the Homicide Research Working Group without addressing its goals, because this is an organization whose sole purpose is set out in those goals. It has no other obligations (beyond annual membership dues), and no limits on, nor qualifications for, membership. As a consequence, these goals are paramount to understanding the evolution of the group, the ongoing concerns of the group, and the potential for the future. As developed initially by Richard and Becky Block and finalized by the participants at the Ann Arbor meeting, these goals are the following. 1. To forge links between research, epidemiology, and practical programs to reduce levels of mortality from violence. 2. To promote improved data quality and the linking of diverse homicide data sources. 3. To foster collaborative, interdisciplinary research on lethal and non-lethal violence. 4. To encourage more efficient sharing of techniques