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Warton Crag Nature Reserves

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Warton Crag Nature Reserves and Sil e ve id rd s a n l A Guide to r e A Warton Crag A y r t e u a a o e f Nature Reserves B O l a How to get to Warton Crag u r t u CUMBRIA st t an a Warton Crag is easily accessible by din g N public transport with a railway station at Carnforth and a regular bus service through Warton village. For information on rail services LANCASHIRE contact National Rail Enquiries on 08457 484950 or visit their website at www.nationalrail.co.uk For information on bus services Warton Crag contact Traveline on 0871 200 125m 2233 or visit their website at Warton Crag www.traveline.org.uk Nature Reserves P P Warton This leaflet is produced by Arnside and Silverdale AONB on behalf of Warton Crag Advisory Group with funding from the AONB, Heritage Lottery Fund, British Mountaineering Council, RSPB and the Wildlife Trust for Lancashire, Manchester Carnforth Station and N. Merseyside. Arnside and Silverdale AONB, Front cover Beacon Breast, Warton Crag. Old Station Building, Arnside, Photo credits: Tony Riden, David Moreton, Carnforth, LA5 0HG. Simon Hawtin, Phillip Tomkinson, Margaret Tel: 01524 761034 Breaks and Cliff Raby. Email: [email protected] www.arnsidesilverdaleaonb.org.uk and Sil e ve id rd s a n l r e A A y r t e u a a o e f B O l a u r ts u on paper from a sustainable source Printed Designed by Capra Design, Kendal. ta at ndin g N BMC Welcome to Warton Crag Warton Crag is a prominent limestone hill in the DANGER Please do not risk going Arnside and Silverdale Area of Outstanding Natural Beauty (AONB) near high quarry faces or cliffs, avoid unstable scree slopes and beware that wet rock and paths can be very slippery. Use this guide to help you explore this special place, discover hidden corners Be Safe - and learn to recognise some of its important features and distinctive wildlife. Plan ahead Warton Crag is managed as a nature reserve and has a network of paths for and follow walkers. The four owners cooperate to manage the area for people and wildlife. the signs Keep dogs under close In the surrounding landscape, look for… Did you know…? control ● the River Keer estuary ● Warton is derived from Consider Old English weard ● the intertidal expanse of Morecambe other people Bay to the south and west (watch or look-out) and tun (farmstead) ● Caton Moor (with wind turbines), Clougha and crag from Celtic Leave gates and Hawthornthwaite in the Forest of crug (hill or mound). and property Bowland AONB to the south-east and ● Warton Crag is a limestone as you find Ingleborough in the Yorkshire Dales them National Park to the east hill, 163 metres high, making it the highest point in the Arnside and Silverdale AONB. ● Warton Crag is home to species of plants found Protect in both Arctic and Mediterranean environments. plants and ● Warton Crag is nationally protected as a Site of animals, Special Scientific Interest (SSSI). Four organisations and take own and manage different parts of the Crag: your litter View to Arnside Knott and Lakeland Fells the Royal Society for the Protection of Birds (RSPB), home the Wildlife Trust for Lancashire, Lancaster City ● the fells of the Lake District National Council and Lancashire County Council. ©Aardman Animations Ltd 2004 River Keer Estuary Park to the north from the summit 2 3 Maidenhair spleenwort and Wall pepper Limestone scar Cinnabar Moth and caterpillars on Ragwort Hart’s-tongue fern A Limestone Landscape Look out for… Ridges, scars, screes and grasslands ● ant-hill mounds formed by colonies of Yellow Meadow Ants, The Limestone rock has been eroded to form natural cliffs and scars which need sunny open grasslands stepping up the hillside. Weathered and shattered rock has fallen to survive. Notice how the taller and lies as scree at the base of the scars. and therefore older ones have a steep slope on the north and a long Soils shallow slope on the south in order to gather maximum heat. A thin, dry lime-rich soil low in nutrients In contrast, the limestone rock on the larger called rendzina developed on the rocky terraces is buried under deeper brown-earth ● a variety of small herbs cultivated ledges and ridges above the scars and soils derived from plants such as bracken. on the ant-hills by the ants. forms a rare habitat of calcareous grassland. These developed on top of and alongside Only plants such as Rockrose, that acid, silty material known as loess which are specially adapted, can grow in these was transported by winds and deposited drought-stressed and infertile conditions, in the post-glacial period. putting down deep roots to find water and growing only small leaves to minimise water-loss. Invertebrates such as butterflies use these plants for nectar or food for their caterpillars. Look out for… ● plants such as Heather and Wood Look out for… Anemone which grow in the fine, ● nectaring insects such as this silty acidic soil known as loess which Dingy Skipper lies among the limestone terraces. This was carried here thousands of years ago by winds and deposited onto the Crag in post glacial times. It provides a variation in the soils ● seed heads of that allows both lime-loving and wildflowers such acidic-loving plants to grow in as this Carline close proximity. Thistle 4 5 Water worn limestone pavement Barred Tooth-striped moth Erratic boulder Green Hairstreak Limestone pavements Look out for… ● stunted ‘bonsai’ Ash trees. Water drains so efficiently through the limestone About 330million years ago during the Carboniferous period, warm seas pavement that it creates drought conditions for trees growing on them and nutrient deposited marine sediments in layers, or strata. These became compressed is in short supply. As a consequence, some trees on these limestone pavements only to form Limestone rock which has since been exposed and then eroded by grow a few millimetres each year. ice and dissolved by rainwater to create the distinctive geological features we see today. Clints and Grykes Glacial erratics In the past the removal of limestone In the last Ice Age from 15,000 to 10,000 These are rocks and boulders that glaciers moved pavement for walls, buildings and years ago, glaciers removed any overlying as the ice flowed southward, carrying material ornamental rockery stone destroyed much layers and exposed the pavement surface. from as far away as the central Lake District. Rainwater then ‘sculpted’ the rock to create of this irreplaceable natural habitat but the distinctive appearance of the fortunately surviving limestone pavements The erratics were left in their current situations pavement - deep cracks called grykes are now protected by when the ice melted. The rocks are often shaped divide the limestone rock surface into law and it is illegal and rounded by the ice. blocks called clints. to damage them. Look out for… ● shade-loving plants such as Hart’s-tongue The limestone Look out for… Fern, Maidenhair, Spleenwort and grykes provide ideal ● very large limestone boulders in isolated Polypody Fern. conditions for ferns positions on the pavement, grasslands and mosses to grow, or in the woodland. enabling them to ● Hart’s-tongue fern smaller distinctive non-limestone rocks survive periods (known locally as Coniston blue-stone) of drought. stuck in the grykes or visible lying on the surface of clints or on scree, after they were carried here in the glacial ice thousands of years ago. Polypody Fern Adder’s tongue fern 6 7 Painting of Warton sheep and Morecambe Bay Warton village pictured in1903 Warton Crag northern slopes in 1907 Beacon Breast and scree in 1935 by Daniel Alexander Williamson 1862. © National Museums Liverpool. History of Warton Crag There is evidence to suggest there has been human occupation on The Crag was virtually treeless in the first half Warton Crag for a very long time. Objects from Neolithic and of the 20th century with continuous removal Romano-British times have been found, and the summit is believed of trees and sheep grazing, but since the to be the site of a hill-fort built by the Brigantes (Ancient Britons). 1950s, when it became uneconomic to graze the Crag, there has been a rapid and often dense spread of thorn-scrub, Birch and Ash. 2007 Did you know…? ● sheep have historically grazed the Crag ● timber was harvested for building and ● bracken was cut and used for animal ● limestone rock from the Crag was and there was a local breed known as domestic fuel. bedding or used in other products burned to produce lime in local the Warton or Silverdale Sheep. such as soap and pottery glaze. lime-kilns such as the one on Crag Road. ● Hazel was coppiced to make hurdle ● charcoal was produced in a number of fences, baskets, besoms, shepherds- ● limestone rock was quarried from small ● limestone pavement was damaged charcoal pits on the Crag to provide fuel. crooks, fishing baulks and many other ‘borrow pits’ and used to build the in Victorian times by stripping the domestic products. dry-stone walls under the Eighteenth water-worn surface for decorative stone. Century Enclosure Act. Coppiced Hazel Swill basket making Historic boundary wall Coppicing 8 9 Warton Crag Nature Reserves Key Nature Reserve Lancashire Wildlife Trust Boundary Nature Reserve P Car Park Gated access Access squeeze Permissive Summit access paths RSPB Nature Reserve Lancaster City Council Local Nature Reserve Lancashire County Council Local Nature Reserve P P Aerial photograph ©Lancashire County Council 10 11 Cowslips Brimstone Wild Thyme Small Pearl-bordered Fritillary A special place for Warton Crag is also a very important breeding site for many species of butterflies and moths including an endangered and beautiful flowers and butterflies butterfly, the High Brown Fritillary.
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